Basic Bengali

10/24/12
Learn to Speak Basic Bengali
BASIC LANGUAGE COURSE IN BENGALI

[Home] [Jaspell Jaldi Software - Home] [Support and Related Services] [Jaspell Services - Home] [Jaspell Services Limited - Home] [Contact Us!] B J Burford 1998-2002
Go To Pronounciation Guidance Brief Grammar Course Exercises 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 8 8 9 9 10 10
NOTES 1. Note that throughout this course YOU means the plural of you. 2. Note that English pronouns underlined are equivalent to the honorific form in Bengali. 3. Bengali letters underlined represent the cerebral sound, not the dental. 4. In Bengali spellings _ indicates that the adjacent letters get brought together as one syllable. 5. In Bengali spellings - indicates that the adjacent letters are in different syllables.
Pronunciation Guidance Using Romanized Method

Sounds can be played by clicking on the hyperlinks in the table. Also the sounds can be all be downloaded. Other helps are provided to help you learn the script. The Romanization method used in this course is consistent with the Romanized Input Method (should you prefer it) offered with Jaspell's Jaldi Multilingual Word Processor Software Package. VOWELS
INDEPENDENT OR INITIAL ROMANIZED PHONETIC SOUNDS LIKE ... AS IN THE ENGLISH WORD SYLLABLE IF JOINED ONTO k
(no vowel) a aa a i ii u uu rri
(no sound) short "o" long "a" flat "a" short "i" long "i" short "u" long "oo" short "ri"
(no sound after k in black) "off" (inherent a) "far" "apple" "fill" "feel" "pull" "pool" "triple"
k` ka kaa ka ki kii ku kuu krri

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e ee o oo n hha ^
short "e" long "oi" short "o" long "o" nasal "ng" abrupt "h"
"egg" "boil" "on" "owner", "now" "singer" "Judah"
ke kee ("koi") ko koo ("kau/kow") kan ("kang ") kahh kâ ("kan ")
nasal faintly as in French "non"
CONSONANTS
CLASS ROMANIZED SOUNDS PHONETIC LIKE
IN THE ENGLISH WORD "keen" "rockhead" "get" "slagheap" "donkey" "chair" "matchhead" "enjoy" "hedgehog" "pinch" "alter" "bolthole" "old" "millrun" "goldhammer" "myrrh lump" "inlaid" "ant" "nuthatch" "beds" "redheads"
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k Guttural -in the throat kh g gh n c Palatal - on the palate ch j jh n t th Cerebral or Retroflexive - with the tongue bent back on the roof of the mouth d r dh rh n or n t Dental - on the teeth
k kh g gh n c tchh j dgeh n t th d r dh rrh n t th d dh
th d dh
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n p ph Labial - on the lips b (or v, w) bh m y Forward Semi-Vowels y r l sh Sibilants s s Guttural Semi-Vowel h
n p ph b (v, w) bh m j y r l sh sh s s h
"sender" "peace" "uphold" "bob" ("liftvan", "swim") "nibholder" "me" "flapjack" "yes" "ran" "lap" "ship" "fleshly" "ensure" "strap" "hog"
Introduction
This basic oral course will cover the main features of the Bengali language. If you understand sentence structure you should quickly be able to achieve a simplified but effective system of communication. A fully detailed course can be studied later in harmony with this basic beginning. This course addresses the elements of sentences in the following way:1. Doers (nouns and pronouns) 2. Process done (verb) ; a simple past, present and future tense 3. Quality describing doers and objects (adjectives, etc.) 4. Manner describing process done (adverb) 5. Object forms of nouns and pronouns according to case 6. Connectives linking to another clause 7. Conditional sentences 8. Interrogatives, correlatives and relatives 9. Other forms of expression common or without equivalent 10. Add other features SOME BENGALI SENTENCE STRUCTURES ON WHICH THIS ANALYSIS IS BASED:www.jaspell.co.uk/learnbengali.htm#Pronunciation 3/36
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3. A B C E F Quality (Quality) (Quality) (Quality)
1. DOER DOER DOER DOER DOER
3.
5.
4.
2. PROCESS PROCESS
6.
Manner Quality
PROCESS
D (Quality)
OBJECT (Manner) PROCESS OBJECT (Manner) PROCESS
DOER (Quality) OBJECT (Manner) PROCESS LINK
COMPARE THESE ENGLISH SENTENCE STRUCTURES:3. A B Happy C (Happy) D (Happy) E (Happy) F (Happy) 1. PEOPLE PEOPLE PEOPLE PEOPLE PEOPLE PEOPLE sweet (sweet) SONGS SONGS SONGS
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3.
5.
4.
2. SING SING
6.
joyfully (joyfully) (joyfully) (joyfully)
SING SING SING SING and ...
1. Doers (nouns and pronouns)
A few nouns are listed below. You can learn more from the attached vocabularies or lists of frequently used words, and dictionaries. Pronouns are listed here. The listed form is for the doer (subject, nominative case) in the clause. e.g. He said to me that I should tell him. The form of the nouns and pronouns listed here may be modified in various ways if they occur as the object. See the later consideration of Forms of Nouns and Pronouns As Objects According to Case. If the sentence expresses A is B, both A and B are in the unmodified subject form. The doing word (verb) to be can be omitted. If A is plural, B can be singular. Today is Sunday. aaj-ke rabi-baar. We are parents. aamaraa pitaamaataa. God is love. iishvar prem. They are friends. taaraa bandhu. Singular Plural
Common
Common
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I you he she it you he
aami tumi se se taa
we you they they they you they
aamaraa tomaraa taaraa taaraa taaraa
Honorific
aapani tini
Honorific
aapanaaraa tâaraa
Do Exercises 1.1, 1.2, 1.3 Some Useful Words to Learn Nouns and Pronouns: These can be used for Doers and Objects
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NOTE: The words shown in bold style are those used in this short course. The others can be used as you widen your conversations. accurate knowledge tatva jnaan (gyaan) animal pashu answer uttar anyone keha; keu belief bishvaas benefit laabh; phaa'idaa Bengali language baanlaa Bengali person baangaalii Bible baaibel bird paakhi; paksi book bai brother bhaai chapter adhyaay creation srristi crime aparaadh daughter, girl meye day din Sunday ravi-vaar Monday som-baar Tuesday mangal-baar Wednesday budhbaar Thursday brrihaspatibaar Friday shukrabaar Saturday shanibaar destruction dhvansa disturbance ashaanti -doer -kaarii earth prrithibii encouragement ut`saaha English language inrejii English person inrej -er -kaarii faith bishvaas family paribaar father pitaa, baabaa fish maach flesh, meat maansa food khaadya, khaabaar freedom mukti friend bandhu fruit phal future bhavisyat` God (gen'l Bengali) iishvar God (from Urdu) khodaa happiness sukh, aananda hatred ghrrinaa help saahaayya hope aashaa house baarii, ghar, grriha husband swaamii Jehovah yihobaa Jesus yiishu / iisaa kindness dayaa kingdom raajya Kingdom Hall kindam hal lack, shortage abhaab last days shes kaal leader netaa life jiiban love prem; bhaalabaasaa magazine patrikaa man maanus meeting sabhaa mental spirit man message sanvaad mother maataa, maa name naam parents pitaamaataa peace shaanti person, people lok picture chabi plural -s persons -eraa plural -s nonpersons -guli problem samasyaa proof, evidence pramaan purpose uddeshya question prashna religion dharma rescue; survival raksaa return visit punahha saaksaat` salvation paritraan Satan shayataan side of an issue paksa sister bon situation paristhiti someone/anyone keha; keu son, boy chele study adhyayan terroriser santraas-kaarii terrorism santraas that (thing) ee these (things) eguli thing, article jinis thing said; word kathaa this (thing) e those (things) ee-guli thought man / mat time (measure) samay time (period, era) kaal today aaj-ke tomorrow aagaamii kaal tree gaach; brriksa truth satya verbal: e.g. seeing,...dekh-te, kar-te verbal: e.g. to see, ...dekh_aa, kar_aa,... verse pad violence dooraatmya, hinsaa war yuddha water paani, jal week saptaa what yaa what? kii? what ones? kii kii? who ye who? ke? WHO yaaraa WHO? kaaraa? wife strii witness saaksii word baakya; kathaa work kaaj, karma worker karma-kaarii world jagat`, duniyaa year (date) saal year (period) bat`sar yesterday gata kaal
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Do Exercises 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9
2. Process Done (verb) Simple Past, Present and Future Tense

THE BASIC PATTERN FOR ENDINGS OF ALL VERBS
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Person Common
I, we you, YOU he, she, it they Honorific you, YOU he, she, they
Past
-laam -le -la -len
Present
_i _o _e or _y _en
Future
-bo -be -be -ben
PATTERN 1:- kar_aa to do, to make
Person Common
I, we you, YOU he, she, it they
Past
kar-laam kar-le kar-la kar-len
Present
kar_i kar_o kar_e kar_en
Future
kar-bo kar-be kar-be kar-ben
Honorific
you, YOU he, she, they Do Exercise 2.1 PATTERN 2:- la-oyaa to lead, take Person Common I, we you, YOU he, she, it they lai-laam lai-le lai-la la-i la-o la-y la-bo la-be la-be
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Past
Present
Future
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Honorific you, YOU he, she, they Exceptions:ha-oyaa to be: (definite state) ha-oyaa to be: (prove or come to be ne-oyaa to take de-oyaa to give Do Exercises 2.4, 2.5 PATTERN 3:- khaa-oyaa to eat chi-laam ha-laam ni-laam di-laam aach-i; ha-i ne- i de-i ha-bo ha-bo ni-bo di-bo lai-len la-n la-ben
Person Common
Past
khe-laam khe-le khe-la khe-len
Present
khaa-i khaa-o khaa-y khaa-n
Future
khaa-bo khaa-be khaa-be khaa-ben
Honorific
you, YOU he, she, they Exceptions:yaa-oyaa to go:- ge-laam (not yelaam); caa-oyaa to want:- caa-i-laam; gaa-oyaa to sing:gaa-i-laam; PATTERN 4:- ghum_aa-no to sleep
yaa-i; caa-i; gaa-i;
yaa-bo caa-i-bo gaa-bo
Person Common
Past
ghumaa-laam ghumaa-le ghumaa-la
Present
ghumaa-i ghumaa-o ghumaa-y
Future
ghumaa-bo ghumaa-be ghumaa-be
Honorific
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you, YOU he, she, they
ghumaa-len
ghumaa-n
ghumaa-ben
Negative Form of Verbs
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Person
I, we you, YOU he, she, it they you, YOU he, she, they
Past
kar_i ni kar_o ni kar_e ni kar_en ni
Present
kar_i naa kar_o naa kar_e naa kar_en naa
Future
kar-bo naa kar-be naa kar-be naa kar-ben naa
The past negative uses the present form with ni added. It does not exist = nei. Examples:I do not understand. aami bujhi naa. I did not understand. aami bujhi ni. I have a big book. aamaar bara bai aache. I do not have a big book. aamaar bara bai nei.
Like kar_aa to do, make kar_aa to speak bal_aa to read, fall par_aa to understand bujh_aa to bring aan_aa to come aas_aa Do Exercises 2.2, 2.3 Like la-oyaa [pron.: la-waa] to be able to paar_aa (can) to die mar_aa to hit, kill maar_aa to know jaan_aa to see dekh_aa to remain thaak_aa
to lead, bring la-oyaa to be, prove to ha-oyaa be [not to be [na-oyaa] (notional)]
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Do Exercise 2.4 Like khaa-oyaa [pron.: khaawaa] to want caa-oyaa to get paa-oyaa Do Exercise 2.6 Like ghum_aano to sleep ghum_aa-no to run door_aa-no to stand dâar_aa-no Do Exercise 2.7 Compound Verbs (a noun or adjective with an auxilliary verb like kar_aa) to think mane kar_aa to believe bishvaas kar_aa to create srristi kar_aa to encourage ut`saahita kar_aa to forget bhule yaaoyaa to destroy dhvansa kar_aa to hate ghrrinaa kar_aa to love prem kar_aa to delight aanandita kar_aa to cause to do kar_aa-no to cause to see dekh_aa-no (show) to go yaaoyaa to sing gaaoyaa
Note: The verb is placed last in the sentence (with naa or ni, if negative.) e.g. We sleep. aamaraa ghumaa-i. They stood. taaraa dâaraa-lo. I thought. aami mane kar-laam. He created. tini srristi kar-len. You encourage. aapani ut`saahita kar_en. They don't believe. taaraa bishvaas kar_e naa. We could not. aamaraa paari ni. Peace doesn't exist. shaanti nei. Do Exercise 2.8, etc.
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3. Quality Describing Doers and Objects (Adjectives, etc.) [Go to Top]

These words can be used as they are with no adjustment for gender or number. all sakal, sab, samasta any kono bad manda, khaaraap big bara coming, next aagaamii false bhul few; a little alpa forever, unending ananta -full -puurna good bhaala happy sukhii, aanandita his, her (honorific) tâar his, her, its taar holy pavitra important gurutvapuurna impossible asambhab less kam more beshi; aar-o most sab ceye much anek my aamaar near (at hand) (san-)nikat necessary dar-kaar, prayojaniiya other apar, anya our aamaader past, previous gata peaceful shaantipuurna possible sambhab righteous dhaarmik -'s singular possessive -er -s' pl. (personal) -der -s' pl. (non-personal) -gulir small chotta, chota some kicchu that ee their taader their tâader this e true satya unhappy, sad, sorry duhhakhita unrighteous adhaarmik unwell; sick; ill asustha violent hinsra well sustha; bhaala who's? kaar? WHO's kaader? whose yaar WHOSE yaader your tomaar your (honorific) aapanaar YOUR tomaader YOUR aapanaader Examples:happy life sukhii jiiban any peace kono shaanti peaceful home shaanti-puurna ghar violent attitude hinsra manobhaab Numbers To Indicate the Quantity of Things one ek two dui three tin four caar five pâac six chay seven saat e.g. two good dui bhaala bandhu friends eight aat nine nay ten dash eleven egaara twelve baara twenty biish hundred sha`
Do Exercises 3.xx
4. Manner (Adverb) Describing The Process Done

very khub again aabaar here e-khaane
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-ly -bhaabe - indeed; - -i particularly how? keman?; kiibhaabe?

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there o-khaane where? kon`-khaane? kothaay? why? kena? why kaaran; yena for this reason e-kaarane also, as well, too -o e.g. very very khub-i e.g. I alone aami-i e.g. leaders also netaaraa-o Do Exercises 4.xx
this way e-man; e-bhaabe when? kakhan? kabe? then takhan; tabe now e-khan not (present or naa future) not (past) ni e.g. in this (very) e bhaabe-i way e.g. Why did you kena gelen? go? e.g. YOU too tomaraa-o
5. Object Forms Of Nouns and Pronouns According To Case [Go to Top]

A noun or pronoun representing a thing that is the object in a clause is usually a modified form of the word that would be used if it were the doer (subject). Personal Object man affecting the man of the man to the man through the man by way of the man from the man in/on/at the man Oh the man! Non-Personal Object book affecting the book of the book to the book
Singular maanus m... -ke m... -er m... -ke m... -er dvaaraa m... -er diye m...-raa
Plural m...-der (-ke) m...-der m...-der (-ke) m...-der dvaaraa m...-der diye
m... (-er kaac) theke m...-der (kaac) theke m... -e (or -te) m...-der madhye (or te) he maanus ! Singular bai b... (-ke) b... -(e)r b... (-ke) b...-guli b...-guli (-ke) b...-guli -r b...-guli (-ke)
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he maanuseraa ! Plural
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through the book by way of the book from the book in/on/at the book Oh the book!
b... dvaaraa b... -er diye b... theke
b...-guli dvaaraa b...-guli diye b...-guli theke
b... -te (or -e) b...-guli -r madhye (or te) he bai ! he baiguli !
Similar to from, than can be theke, hate; haite. More commonly it is ceye. best (good than all) sab ceye bhaala The father is bigger than I pitaa aamaa ceye bara Love is better than hatred. prem ghrrinaa ceye bhaala. It is better to give than to take paaoyaa ceye deoyaa bhaala for ... ...-er janya against ... ...-er viruddhe with ... ...-er saathe or -er sange Do Exercises 5.xx
6. Connectives
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and eban / aar as a result phalata because kenanaa; kaaran but kintu for this reason e-kaarane if yadi in order that; so that yena in that case, then tabe, taahale lest; so that not paache so (therefore) taai that (the fact that) ye whether? ki? or athabaa; baa; kinbaa Examples:He came and we went. se aas-lo eban aamaraa ge-laam. You came but they did not go. tumi aas-le kintu taaraa yaay ni. Are you well? aapani ki sustha? They say that God does not exist. taaraa bale ye iishvar nan. We do it so that you will get benefit. aamaraa taa kari yena tumi laabh paabe. I will write lest I forget. aami likh-bo paache bhule yaa-i. Do Exercises 6.xx
7. Conditional Sentences
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To modify a minor clause (that states a condition) add a word like if:- yadi To modify a main clause (that states the main process) that is linked to a condition add a word like then: tabe or that being the case: taahale. The order of the main and minor clauses can be swapped with minor adjustments:e.g. I will go, {if you come too}. e.g. {If you come,} then I will go.
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Qualified Statement I will go, aami yaa-bo Say, balo Listen, shuno Condition If you come, yadi aapani aas-ben If you know, yadi jaano If you can, yadi paar-o
Condition if you come. yadi aapani aas-ben if you know. yadi jaano. if you can. yadi paaro Qualified Statement then I will go. tabe aami yaa-bo. then say tabe balo. listen shuno
Bengali uses conditional participles: to make these just add -le to the verb's stem. For example, the present participle of aas_aa is aas-le:In the case of you coming you will hear. aas-le tumi shun-be Do Exercises 7.xx
8. Interrogatives, Correlatives and Relatives

Interrogatives what? who? WHO? why? when? where? how? whether? which? kii
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ke? kaaraa? kena? kakhan? kabe? kothaay? kon-khaane? keman? kii-bhaabe? ki? kon`?
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The words listed can be used without adjusting their spelling for gender or number. Correlatives and Relatives xxx [e.g.] thing things person persons reason reason time time place place manner manner Do Exercises 8.xx The xxx which [That (the thing) which it says yaa ye ye ye yaaraa ye kaarane yena yakhan yabe yekhaane ye-sthaane; yothaay yeman ye-bhaabe such xxx such (thing) is true.] taa / se-i taaraa / se-guli se taaraa se kaarane se-janya takhan tabe sekhaane se-sthaane; tothaay teman se-bhaabe
9. Other Forms of Expression Common or Without Equivalent [Go to Top]

The main information in the original language has to be identified, and an acceptable alternative way has to be found of communicating enough of this in a way that is comfortable in the new language. English greeting (from Arabic) response to greeting (from Arabic) greeting (with other backgrounds) Yes No I must listen (my listening will be) I have a book (my book exists) It was said to me It was said by me
Bengali aassaalaam-oyaalaaikum oyaalaaikum-aassaalaam namaskaar hyâa naa aamaar shun-te habe aamaar bai aache aamaake taa balaa gela (or hala) aamaa(r) dvaaraa balaa gela (or
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hala) a book that speaks truth a a set number of persons e.g. 2 friends; 4 daughters a set number of non-persons / diminutive e.g. 4 books; 10 wars the (personal) the (non-personal/diminutive) ek satya balaa bai [The indefinite article does not exist.] -jan e.g. dui-jan bandhu; caar-jan meye -ti or -taa e.g. car-ti bai; dash-taa yuddha se-i se-i ... or ...-taa e.g. se-i bai or bai-taa
Do Exercises 9.xx
10. Add More Features
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It may be beneficial to add other important features of the Bengali language in order facilitate a rapid but sufficiently accurate start to meaningful, fluent communication. 1. The doer word can be omitted from the sentence, if it can be implied from the verb ending theat is used. Example:I am fine aami bhaala. I am fine bhaala aachi. Do Exercises 10.xx NOTES 1. Note that throughout this course YOU means the plural of you. 2. Note that English pronouns underlined are equivalent to the honorific form in Bengali. 3. Bengali letters underlined represent the cerebral sound, not the dental. 4. In Bengali spellings _ indicates that the adjacent letters get brought together as one syllable. 5. In Bengali spellings - indicates that the adjacent letters are in different syllables. EXERCISE 1.1 Translate:I am English. aami inrej
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se baangaalii This is violence. ?
uttar shaanti. The Bible is truth. ?
iishvar ke? Kindness is the answer. ?
santraas ghrrinaa.
EXERCISE 1.2 Learn words about world conditions. EXERCISE 1.3 Learn words about family members and other human relationships. EXERCISE 1.4
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Ask questions. In these simple sentences, the interrogative like ke (who) is positioned last. Then provide answers. Q: Who are you? tumi ke? A: aami ... dak-taar Q: What is this thing? ? A: taa ... Q: What are those things? ? A: ee-guli ... Q: What is today? ? A: aaj-ke ... Q: What is this time period? ? A: e kaal ... EXERCISE 1.5 Make plurals of the singular pronouns. They end in -raa, but slight changes to the stem are needed for some of these.
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aami tumi se taa aapani tini EXERCISE 1.6

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? ? ? ? ? ?
Make singulars of the plural pronouns.

? ? ? ? ? ? ?
aamaraa tomaraa taaraa taaraa aapanaaraa taaraa tâaraa

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EXERCISE 1.7
Make plurals of these personal nouns by adding -raa after a vowel or -eraa after a consonant. saaksii bhaai bandhu meye baangaalii bon maanus lok inrej
saaksii-raa
? ? ? ?
bon_eraa
? ? ?
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EXERCISE 1.8
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Make plurals of the singular non-personal nouns by adding -guli. prashna yuddha chabi sabhaa din parivaar jiiban baaibel uttar EXERCISE 1.9 Learn the days of the week. EXERCISE 2.1
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prashna-guli
? ? ?
din-guli
? ? ? ?
I did aami kar-laam

?
tumi kar-le he did ? we do aamaraa kar-i she does ?
aapani kar-en he will do tini kar_ben you will do ?
iishvar kar_ben The boy will do ?
ke kar_be? we will do ?
EXERCISE 2.2
Learn some of the verbs patterned like kar_aa EXERCISE 2.3

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I speak aami bal_i

?
se par-lo You understand ? He will come ?
? ?
aapani aas-len se par-lo Peace will come? ?
? ?
taaraa dekh-lo aamaraa dekh-bo God knows ? We will bring ... ?
taaraa maare He died ? YOU will see! ?
? ?
aami dekh-laam kii aas-be?

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EXERCISE 2.4
We lead/take aamaraa la-i

?
kii ha-lo? They led/took ?
? ?
se bandhu nay. aami la-bo You are not a boy. ? He proves to be ?
tini bandhu han.
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aami iishvar nai ?

?
bai baaibel. God is (exists). ? It is not this. ?
? ?
ee nay. satya aache. I am aami aachi
kii aache? you were tumi chile It will be ? I was (there) ?
aamaraa chilaam
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EXERCISE 2.5
You give tumi deo I will give ?

?
aami nilaam He will give. ?
aami nei YOU will take. ? he takes ? I take. ? she gives ? They give. ?
EXERCISE 2.6
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I eat aami khaa-i you ate ? he will eat ? aapani khaa-n

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? ? ?
se khe-la se yaa-y YOU go ?
tini yaa-ben he will go ? he wanted ?
aami paa-i we got ?
aapani paa-n you went tumi ge-le he/she went ? I went ?
aapani ge-len we go ?
tumi yaa-o we will sing aamaraa gaa-bo they will sing ?
aami caa-i he wants ?
tumi pe-le they get ?
tini caa-n
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EXERCISE 2.7
we slept aamaraa ghumaa-laam tumi ghumaa-le he slept ?

?
aapani ghumaa-len I sleep ? se ghumaa-y
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? ? ? ?
kaaraa dâaraa-n? aamaraa dâaraa-i taaraa dooraa-y they show ?
ke ghumaa-lo he stood ?
tini dekhaa-len
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EXERCISE 2.8
We believed bishvaas kar-laam He loved ?

?
aapani prem kar_en I forget ?
? ? ?
se bhule yaa-y ni kaaraa prem kar_e? tini srristi kar-len She did not create ? She encourages ?
ke ghumaa-lo? He thought ?
se dhvansa kar_e
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EXERCISE 2.9
I can do aami kar-te paar_i

?
tumi kar-te paar_o He can do. ?
tumi dekh-te paar_o aapani dekh-te paar_en ?
?
You can know

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They can know ? EXERCISE 2.10 I want to see. aami dekh-te caa-i
?
se dekh-te caa-y. We want to see. ?
? ?
taaraa par-te caa-i-lo. aamaraa shun-te caa-i-laam. YOU want to speak. ?
EXERCISE 2.11
[Go to Top]
To
par_aa dekh_aa kar_aa shun_aa jaan_aa bujh_aa aas_aa dekh_aa shun_aa bujh_aa yaa-oyaa paa-oyaa gaa-oyaa bujh_aa
Present Affirmative
par-i
?
Past Affirmative
aami par-laam dekh-laam kar-laam tumi shun-le jaan-le bujh-le aas-le se dekh-lo shun-lo bujh-lo ge-lo pe-lo gaa-i-lo aapani, tini bujh-len
Past Negative
par-i ni
? ?
shun_o
? ? ?
shun_o ni
? ? ?
dekh_e
? ?
dekh_e ni
? ?
yaa-y
? ?
yaa-y ni
? ?
bujh_en
bujh_en ni
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kar_aa par_aa yaa-oyaa paa-oyaa khaa-oyaa ghum_aa-no door_aa-no dekh_aa-no kar_aa-no jaan_aa-no EXERCISE 2.12
? ?
kar-len par-len ge-len pe-len khe-len ghum_aa-len door_aa-len dekh_aa-len kar_aa-len jaan_aa-len
? ?
yaa-n
? ?
yaa-n ni
? ?
ghum_aa-n
? ? ? ?
[Go to Top]
ghum_aa-n ni
? ? ? ?
AFFIRMATIVE aami bhaalo aami sukhii aami manda tumi asustha tumi khaaraap tumi bhaalo taa satya taa bhul taa dhaarmik aapani khub bara aapani hinsra aapani gurutvapuurna aamaraa sab ceye chotta taaraa shaantipuurna tumi aamaar chele se tomaar chele ee-guli aar-o bhaalo
NEGATIVE aami bhaalo na-i

? ?
tumi asustha na-o

? ?
taa satya na-y

? ?
aapani khub bara nan

? ? ? ? ? ? ?
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taa sambhab se khub duhhakhita tomaraa aanandita EXERCISE 2.13

[Go to Top]
? ? ?
...... EXISTS bai aache prem aache

? ?
...... EXISTS NOT bai nei
shaanti nei aashaa aache

?
mukti nei
EXERCISE 2.14 To work is necessary kaaj karaa dar-kaar

? ? ?
par_aa darakaar shun_aa gurutvapuurna ghrrinaa karaa khaaraap
To come here [is] impossible ?

?
satya bal_aa bhaalo To say is possible ? To read is necessary ?
EXERCISE 3.1
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Make a list of pairs of words of opposite meanings. EXERCISE 3.2 possible problem sambhab samasyaa three good days tin bhaala din
?
ek manda dharma false religion ?
?
much violence
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aagaamii bat`sar impossible day ?
? ?
punahh saaksaat` aagaamii adhyayan previous verse ? all big trees ?
taaraa bara lok everlasting life ? happy women ?
prem-puurna bhaai brother and sister bhaaibon
? ?
pitaamaataa baabaamaa unrighteous leader ? seven days ?
mukti sannikat big houses chotta chotta phal There is no hope aashaa nei. shaanti nei. There is no food. ?
EXERCISE 3.3
[Go to Top]
my name aamaar naam their disturbance ?

? ? ? ?
taader ghrrinaa tâar prem taar asustha maa aamaader bishvaas some true words ?
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our purpose ? His name ?

?
taar samasyaa
[Go to Top]
EXERCISE 3.4
God's name iishvar_er naam

?
jiishu_r sanvaad son of Abraham ?
? ? ?
baabaa_r kaaj iishvar_er bai tumi kaar chele? lack of hope ?
shaanti_r aatmaa my salvation ?
aamaar boner prem wife's brother ?
shaanti_r abhaab
EXERCISE 3.5 Convert the examples in the previous exercise to plural. EXERCISE 3.6
[Go to Top]
God's world of peace iishvar_er shaanti_r jagat` his sister's house ?

? ?
e jagat_er shes e maanuser strii_r pitaamaataa
message of God's kingdom iishvar_er raajy_er sanvaad message of real hope ?

?
tâar bhaala aatmaa_r phal message of peace
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work of true love ?

?
jihobaa-r saaksii
[Go to Top]
very good khub bhaala

?
tini aabaar aas-ben. He came here. ? Why did you come? ?
kakhan aas-ben? How do you know? ?
? ?
se e-khan-i aas-be. ee-i maanus-o e-khaane chila.
The big man also went this way. ?

? ? ?
tomaraa e-bhaabe shikh-be naa. strii-raa-o aashaa-o

[Go to Top]
EXERCISE 5.1
I spoke to the man aami maanus-ke bal-laam.

?
taaraa ee strii-ke bal-lo. He saw the woman. ? The father of the man maanuser baabaa bhaai_er ghar iishvar_er bara uddeshya ?
You gave to the wrong man. tumi bhul maanus-ke di-le.
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aami chotta meye-ke dilaam. They went to the leader. ? I heard through the big man. aami bara maanus dvaaraa shunlaam.
chele pitaa dvaaraa shikh_e. We get life through parents. ?
[Go to Top]
He read (the) book se bai par-lo

?
tumi bai ni-le. They learned the message ?
I know the name of the book aami bai-er naam jaan-i

?
tumi baariir naam jaan-o

?
He saw the peace of the people.
The girl gave a name to the meye pashu-ke naam di-lo. animal.
?
tumi phul-ke paani di-le? I gave some food to the dog

?
We heard it through the message.

?
aamaraa sanvaad dvaaraa taa shunlaam. ? taaraa kaaj dvaaraa shikh_e
I knew through the war.
They went through the hall. taaraa hal diye ge-lo.

?
taa ghar diye aas-lo.

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We will come by way of the ? meeting. They get knowledge from the taaraa baaibel theke jnaan paa-y. Bible.
?
aamaraa yuddha theke ashaanti paai.
He gets encouragement from the ? picture. In this time (we) see disturbance. e kaale (aamaraa) ashaanti dekh_i.
?
ee baarii-te aamaar bhaai. In that religion is much war. ? I will walk among the flowers. aami phul-guli-r madhye yaa-bo.
bai-gulir madhye chaabi-guli aache. He went among the animals. ?
EXERCISE 5.4 Convert the examples in the previous exercise to plural or to singular. EXERCISE 5.5
[Go to Top]
most possible sab ceye sambhab

?
sab ceye khaaraap most unrighteous ? biggest ?
sab ceye dhaarmik more peaceful aar-o shaantipuurna
? ?
aar-o shaanti aar-o manda more happy ?
aar-o bara smaller ?
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more well, better ? less peaceful kam shaantipuurna

?
kam dhaarmik less happy ?
EXERCISE 6.1
[Go to Top]
I came and he saw me

?
aami aas-laam eban se aamaake dekh-lo. se aas-lo kaaran tumi taa caa-i-le.
You want it, so I will come.

? ?
maa asustha e-kaarane aas-e ni. se taa bal-lo paache tumi taa bhule yaa-o Do you know? tumi ki jaan_o?
?
tini ki dekh-len? Will you come? ?
They do not listen; as a result they ? do not know.

?
se aas-be athabaa aami taa kar-bo naa. I think therefore I am. ?
EXERCISE 7.1
[Go to Top]
If you come then you will see.

?
yadi aapani aas-ben tabe dekhben. yadi se uttar jaan_e tabe se uttar bale.
If you listen then you will be able ? to learn. EXERCISE 8.1

[Go to Top]
What do you think? kii mane kar_o?

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aapani kii dekh_en? What do you want? ? What's that? ?
Who are you? tumi ke?

?
ee maanus ke? Who is this girl? ? Who are YOU? tomaraa kaaraa?
ee netaaraa kaaraa? Who are these boys? ? WHO give food? ? Who gives war? ?
Why did you come? aapani kena aas-len?

? ?
se kena taa bal-lo? tumi kena aagaamii kaale aas-be? Why do they do that? ? Why did you not see it? ?
[Go to Top]
When did he come? se kakhan aas-lo?

?
yuddha kakhan habe? When will peace be? ?
Where will they stand? taaraa kothaay dâar_aa-be?

? ?
tumi kothaay aach-o? aami kothaay ge-laam? Where is my book? ?
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How do you know? kii-bhaabe jaanen?

? ?
takhan keman habe? kii-bhaabe shun-len? How did you see? ? How will you know? ?
prrithibiite jiiban keman habe?
How will war become ended? ? EXERCISE 8.2

[Go to Top]
Do you know the question? aapani ki prashna jaan_en?

?
iishvar ki dekh_en naa? Is hatred good? ?
? ? ?
yuddha ki khaaraap? maar_aa ki bhaalo? aapani ki ekhaane thaak-ben? Will disturbance remain? ?
EXERCISE 8.3 Make up statements and then add ki? to make them into questions. Put the ki just in front of the word whose validity is in question. Example:aapani asustha aapani ki asustha? EXERCISE 8.4
[Go to Top]
Which book is true? kon` bai satya? kon` kathaa bhul? Which answer brings peace?
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kon` sanvaad shaanti bal_e?
Which leader is righteous? EXERCISE 8.5 Make up questions using ...will you go? or ...will you see? EXERCISE 8.6
[Go to Top]
That thing which I know such aami yaa jaan_i taa bishvaas thing I believe kar_i (=What I know I believe.)
? ?
tumi yaa dekh_o taa ki bhaalo? yaa yuddha aane aami taa caa-i naa.
That which brings peace that I ? want.

?
yaa satya taa shikh_aa dar-kaar What is bad that I do.

?
EXERCISE 8.7
[Go to Top]
The person who listens such a ye shun_e se shikh_e. person learns.

? ?
ye shaantipuurna lok se shaanti paabe yaaraa jaan_e taaraa bal_e
The ones who are righteous they ? will stay here.
At the time when I come at such yakhan aami aas-bo takhan aami time I will give it. taa di-bo.
?
yakhan ghrrinaa shes habe takhan shaanti ha-be.

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When you want then I'll do it. ? He does it when he wants. EXERCISE 8.8 Where there is true religion there yekhaane satya dharma aach_e is love. sekhaane prem.
? ?
aapani yekhaane yaa-ben sekhaane aami yaa-i ni.
Where there are people there food ? is necessary.

?
yekhaane bhul dharma sekhaane yuddha.

[Go to Top]
EXERCISE 8.9
As it is in heaven so it will be on yeman svarge aach_e teman-i earth. prrithibii-te hab-be.

?
yeman saaksiiraa bal-len taman-i ha-y.
As the Bible said in that way we ? see conditions today.

?
yeman caa-n teman-i khaa-n
EXERCISE 9.1 Exchange greetings and discuss one's health. EXERCISE 9.2
[Go to Top]
I must know aamaar jaan-te ha-be.

?
tomaar aas-te ha-be. They must listen. ? We must speak. ?
aamaader ye-te ha-be

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EXERCISE 9.3
[Go to Top]
I have a hope. aamaar aashaa aach_e.

?
tomaar samasyaa aache? They have parents. ?
taar swaamii aach-e. He has a wife and a son. I have no hope.

? ?
tomaar-o samasyaa nei? They have no parents.

?
taar chelemeye nei. You have no book? ?
EXERCISE 9.4
[Go to Top]
I saw a boy aami ek-jan chele dekh-laam.

?
aami tin-jan bon-ke jaan-_i. They spoke to five fathers. ? Four leaders spoke. ? I [did] read a book. aami ek-ti bai par-laam
se dui-taa samasyaa pe-lo. They saw three fishes.

?
[Go to Top] Date of last edit: 17 February 2007
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10/24/12

Learn to Speak Basic Bengali

BASIC LANGUAGE COURSE IN BENGALI

Go To Pronounciation Guidance Brief Grammar Course Exercises 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 8 8 9 9 10 10

Pronunciation Guidance Using Romanized Method

(no vowel) a aa a i ii u uu rri

k` ka kaa ka ki kii ku kuu krri

Learn to Speak Basic Bengali

"egg" "boil" "on" "owner", "now" "singer" "Judah"

nasal faintly as in French "non"

k kh g gh n c tchh j dgeh n t th d r dh rrh n t th d dh

Learn to Speak Basic Bengali

n p ph Labial - on the lips b (or v, w) bh m y Forward Semi-Vowels y r l sh Sibilants s s Guttural Semi-Vowel h

Learn to Speak Basic Bengali

3. A B C E F Quality (Quality) (Quality) (Quality)

1. DOER DOER DOER DOER DOER

OBJECT (Manner) PROCESS OBJECT (Manner) PROCESS

DOER (Quality) OBJECT (Manner) PROCESS LINK

joyfully (joyfully) (joyfully) (joyfully)

SING SING SING SING and ...

1. Doers (nouns and pronouns)

Learn to Speak Basic Bengali

I you he she it you he

aami tumi se se taa

we you they they they you they

aamaraa tomaraa taaraa taaraa taaraa

Learn to Speak Basic Bengali

Do Exercises 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9

2. Process Done (verb) Simple Past, Present and Future Tense

PATTERN 1:- kar_aa to do, to make

Learn to Speak Basic Bengali

yaa-i; caa-i; gaa-i;

yaa-bo caa-i-bo gaa-bo

Learn to Speak Basic Bengali

you, YOU he, she, they

Negative Form of Verbs

to lead, bring la-oyaa to be, prove to ha-oyaa be [not to be [na-oyaa] (notional)]

Learn to Speak Basic Bengali

Learn to Speak Basic Bengali

3. Quality Describing Doers and Objects (Adjectives, etc.) [Go to Top]

4. Manner (Adverb) Describing The Process Done

-ly -bhaabe - indeed; - -i particularly how? keman?; kiibhaabe?

Learn to Speak Basic Bengali

5. Object Forms Of Nouns and Pronouns According To Case [Go to Top]

Learn to Speak Basic Bengali

b... dvaaraa b... -er diye b... theke

b...-guli dvaaraa b...-guli diye b...-guli theke

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8. Interrogatives, Correlatives and Relatives

Learn to Speak Basic Bengali

9. Other Forms of Expression Common or Without Equivalent [Go to Top]

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10. Add More Features

Learn to Speak Basic Bengali

se baangaalii This is violence. ?

uttar shaanti. The Bible is truth. ?

iishvar ke? Kindness is the answer. ?

Learn to Speak Basic Bengali

aami tumi se taa aapani tini EXERCISE 1.6

Make singulars of the plural pronouns.

aamaraa tomaraa taaraa taaraa aapanaaraa taaraa t^aaraa

Learn to Speak Basic Bengali

I did aami kar-laam

tumi kar-le he did ? we do aamaraa kar-i she does ?