How WiMAX Works

by Marshall Brain and Ed Grabianowski

WiMAX transmitting tower Photo courtesy Intel

WiMAX Wireless Network

In practical terms, WiMAX would operate similar to WiFi but at higher speeds, over greater distances and for a greater number of users. WiMAX could potentially erase the suburban and rural blackout areas that currently have no broadband Internet access because phone and cable companies have not yet run the necessary wires to those remote locations. A WiMAX system consists of two parts:

A WiMAX tower, similar in concept to a cell-phone tower - A single WiMAX tower can provide coverage to a very large area -- as big as 3,000 square miles (~8,000 square km). A WiMAX receiver - The receiver and antenna could be a small box or PCMCIA card, or they could be built into a laptop the way WiFi access is today.

A WiMAX tower station can connect directly to the Internet using a high-bandwidth, wired connection (for example, a T3 line). It can also connect to another WiMAX tower using a line-of-sight, microwave link. This connection to a second tower (often referred to as a backhaul), along with the ability of a single tower to cover up to 3,000 square miles, is what allows WiMAX to provide coverage to remote rural areas.

HowStuffWorks.com What this points out is that WiMAX actually can provide two forms of wireless service:

There is the non-line-of-sight, WiFi sort of service, where a small antenna on your computer connects to the tower. In this mode, WiMAX uses a lower frequency range -- 2 GHz to 11 GHz (similar to WiFi). Lower-wavelength transmissions are not as easily disrupted by physical obstructions -- they are better able to diffract, or bend, around obstacles. There is line-of-sight service, where a fixed dish antenna points straight at the WiMAX tower from a rooftop or pole. The line-of-sight connection is stronger and more stable, so it's able to send a lot of data with fewer errors. Line-of-sight transmissions use higher frequencies, with ranges reaching a possible 66 GHz. At higher frequencies, there is less interference and lots more bandwidth.

WiFi-style access will be limited to a 4-to-6 mile radius (perhaps 25 square miles or 65 square km of coverage, which is similar in range to a cell-phone zone). Through the stronger line-of-sight antennas, the WiMAX transmitting station would send data to WiMAX-enabled computers or routers set up within the transmitter's 30-mile radius (2,800 square miles or 9,300 square km of coverage). This is what allows WiMAX to achieve its maximum range.

The final step in the area network scale is the global area network (GAN). The proposal for GAN is IEEE 802.20. A true GAN would work a lot like today's cell phone networks, with users able to travel across the country and still have access to the network the whole time. This network would have enough bandwidth to offer Internet access comparable to cable modem service, but it would be accessible to mobile, always-connected devices like laptops or next-generation cell phones. Sources: http://computer.howstuffworks.com/wimax1.htm

How WiMAX Works

by Marshall Brain and Ed Grabianowski

Intel Paves the Way

Intel will start making their Centrino laptop processors WiMAX enabled in the next two to three years. This will go a long way toward making WiMAX a success. If everyone's laptop already has it (which is predicted by 2008), it will be much less risky for companies to set up WiMAX base stations. Intel also announced that it would be partnering with a company called Clearwire to push WiMAX even further ahead. Clearwire plans to send data from WiMAX base stations to small wireless modems. See Intel, Clearwire to Accelerate Deployment of WiMAX Networks Worldwide (Oct. 25, 2004).

WiMAX Coverage and Speed

WiMAX operates on the same general principles as WiFi -- it sends data from one computer to another via radio signals. A computer (either a desktop or a laptop) equipped with WiMAX would receive data from the WiMAX transmitting station, probably using encrypted data keys to prevent unauthorized users from stealing access. The fastest WiFi connection can transmit up to 54 megabits per second under optimal conditions. WiMAX should be able to handle up to 70 megabits per second. Even once that 70 megabits is split up between several dozen businesses or a few hundred home users, it will provide at least the equivalent of cable-modem transfer rates to each user. The biggest difference isn't speed; it's distance. WiMAX outdistances WiFi by miles. WiFi's range is about 100 feet (30 m). WiMAX will blanket a radius of 30 miles (50 km) with wireless access. The increased range is due to the frequencies used and the power of the transmitter. Of course, at that distance, terrain, weather and large buildings will act to reduce the maximum range in some circumstances, but the potential is there to cover huge tracts of land.

IEEE 802.16 Specifications

Range - 30-mile (50-km) radius from base station Speed - 70 megabits per second Line-of-sight not needed between user and base station Frequency bands - 2 to 11 GHz and 10 to 66 GHz (licensed and unlicensed bands) Defines both the MAC and PHY layers and allows multiple PHY-layer specifications (See How OSI Works)

Source: http://computer.howstuffworks.com/wimax2.htm

How WiMAX Works

by Marshall Brain and Ed Grabianowski

Logo courtesy Intel

WiMAX Cost
A citywide blanket coverage of wireless Internet access sounds great, but companies aren't going to go around setting up WiMAX base stations out of sheer kindness. Who's going to pay for WiMAX? It depends how it will be used. There are two ways WiMAX can be implemented -- as a zone for wireless connections that single users go to when they want to connect to the Internet on a laptop (the non-line-of-sight "super WiFi" implementation), or as a line-ofsight hub used to connect hundreds of customers to a steady, always-on, high-speed wireless Internet connection. Under the "super WiFi" plan, cities might pay to have WiMAX base stations set up in key areas for business and commerce and then allow people to use them for free. They already do this with WiFi, but instead of putting in a bunch of WiFi hot spots that cover a

few hundred square yards, a city could pay for one WiMAX base station and cover an entire financial district. This could provide a strong draw when city leaders try to attract businesses to their area. Some companies might set up WiMAX transmitters and then make people pay for access. Again, this is similar to strategies used for WiFi, but a much wider area would be covered. Instead of hopping from one hot spot to another, WiMAX-enabled users could have Internet access anywhere within 30 miles of the WiMAX base station. These companies might offer unlimited access for a monthly fee or a "pay as you go" plan that charges on a per-minute or per-hour basis. The high-speed wireless hub plan has the potential to be far more revolutionary. If you have high-speed Internet access now, it probably works something like this: The cable (or phone) company has a line that runs into your home. That line goes to a cable modem, and another line runs from the modem to your computer. If you have a home network, first it goes to a router and then on to the other computers on the network. You pay the cable company a monthly fee, which reflects in part the expense of running cable lines to every single home in the neighborhood. On the next page, we'll discuss how WiMAX can work for you. Sources: http://computer.howstuffworks.com/wimax3.htm

WiMAX Technology at Home

Here's what would happen if you got WiMAX. An Internet service provider sets up a WiMAX base station 10 miles from your home. You would buy a WiMAX-enabled computer or upgrade your old computer to add WiMAX capability. You would receive a special encryption code that would give you access to the base station. The base station would beam data from the Internet to your computer (at speeds potentially higher than today's cable modems), for which you would pay the provider a monthly fee. The cost for this service could be much lower than current high-speed Internet-subscription fees because the provider never had to run cables. If you have a home network, things wouldn't change much. The WiMAX base station would send data to a WiMAX-enabled router, which would then send the data to the different computers on your network. You could even combine WiFi with WiMAX by having the router send the data to the computers via WiFi. WiMAX doesn't just pose a threat to providers of DSL and cable-modem service. The WiMAX protocol is designed to accommodate several different methods of data

transmission, one of which is Voice Over Internet Protocol (VoIP). VoIP allows people to make local, long-distance and even international calls through a broadband Internet connection, bypassing phone companies entirely. If WiMAX-compatible computers become very common, the use of VoIP could increase dramatically. Almost anyone with a laptop could make VoIP calls. For more information on WiMAX, wireless networking and related topics, check out the links on the next page. Sources: http://computer.howstuffworks.com/wimax4.htm

WiMAX Network Reference Model

Figure 165 shows the WiMAX network reference model containing links (interfaces or reference points) and functional entities. Figure 165: WiMAX Network Reference Model

The WiMAX network reference model is composed of four logical parts:

Mobile Stations (MS)Comprises all user (subscriber) mobile devices, such as cell phones, PDAs, and wireless laptops, and software needed for communication with a wireless telephone network. Network Access Provider (NAP)Provides radio access functionality. Contains the logical representation of the functions of a NAP. Some of the functions included in the NAP are: access service network (ASN), 802.16 interface with network entry and handover, ASN-GW (gateway), base stations (wireless towers), foreign agent (FA), QoS and policy enforcement, and forwarding to a selected CSN. A NAP may have contracts with multiple NSPs. Network Service Provider (NSP)Provides IP connectivity services. Contains the logical representation of the functions of the NSP. Some of the functions included within the NSP are: connectivity service network (CSN), home agent (HA), visited and home AAA servers (VAAA or HAAA), connectivity to the Internet, IP address management, authentication, authorization, and accounting, and mobility and roaming between ASNs. An NSP may have a contract with another NSP and may also have contracts between multiple NAPs. InternetProvides Internet content to a user/subscriber and connectivity to a NSP.

Reference points (for example, R1 or R2) are conceptual links that connect two functional entities. Reference points represent a bundle of protocols between peer entities (similar to an IP network interface). Interoperability is enforced through reference points without dictating how vendors implement the edges of those reference points.

R1Represents the interface between the wireless device and the base station. R2Represents the link between the MS (mobile station) and the CSN (connectivity service network). EAP traffic from the mobile station to the AAA server traverses R2 and R3. R3Represents the link between the ASN (access service network) and the CSN. RADIUS traffic between the ASN-GW and the AAA server traverses R3. R4Represents the link between an ASN and another ASN. R5Represents the link between a CSN and another CSN. R6Located within an ASN and represents a link between the BS (base station) and the ASN-GW. R7Located within the ASN-GW and represents internal communication within the gateway. R8Located within an ASN and represents a link between two base stations.

Home Network Communication Flow Example

Figure 166 shows a successful example of a WiMAX home network communication flow. Figure 166: Home Network Communication Flow

For initial entry into the network, a mobile station uses a base station to attach itself to the network through the ASN-GW in the access service network (ASN). After the mobile station is attached to the network, the following communication flows occur: 1. The ASN-GW acts as the foreign agent and must authenticate the mobile device and its user by using an EAP-specific method (EAP-TTLS, EAP-TLS, or EAPAKA). The ASN-GW also needs to obtain cryptographic keys. To retrieve the cryptographic keys, it sends a RADIUS Access-Request message to the SteelBelted Radius Carrier HAAA server in the home CSN (connectivity service network). 2. The Steel-Belted Radius Carrier HAAA server receives the Access-Request message from the ASN-GW. Then, the HAAA server sends successful RADIUS Access-Accept and EAP-specific method messages back to the ASN-GW. Additionally, it sends the AAA-session-ID to use for the session (assigning the HA) and the following cryptographic keys: MSK (master session key), MN-HAMIP4-KEY, and MN-HA-MIP4-SPI. For more details about the EAP methods and cryptographic keys, see EAP Authentication Methods and EAP-Derived Cryptographic Keys375. 3. To start the accounting process for the session, the ASN-GW sends an Acct-Start Request message to the HAAA server. The accounting may be IP-session-based or flow-based. For more details about the supported WiMAX accounting methods, see Post-Paid (Offline) Accounting384. NOTE: Step 3 (Acct-Start Request) and Step 4 (Acct-Start Response) in Figure 166 are meant to show that accounting requests may occur at this stage. The precise ordering of the accounting messages is variable. Step 3 occurs some time after Step 2, and Step 4 must occur sometime after Step 3. However, after Step 2, the ASN-GW can potentially send the Acct-Start Request (Step 3) or may send the MIP4 request (Step 5), or can even send both requests at the same time (Step 3 and Step 5). 4. 4. To indicate the type of accounting it will use for the session, the HAAA server sends an Acct-Start Response message back to the ASN-GW to start the accounting session using the cryptographic keys and AAA-session-ID that were sent in the Access-Accept message. 5. After the ASN-GW receives the cryptographic keys from the HAAA server, it must send a separate mobile IP registration (MIP4) request message to the HA in the home CSN (connectivity service network). 6. The HA performs an authentication check by sending the HAAA server an Access-Request message requesting its cryptographic keys for the mobile IP

session. The Access-Request message contains the HA's cryptographic keys (MNHA-MIP4-SPI and HA-RK-SPI) NOTE: Optionally, an accounting session may also be started between the HA and the HAAA server. The HA sends an Acct-Start Request message to the HAAA server and assigns the Acct-session-ID. The HAAA server acknowledges the request and sends an Acct-Start Response message back to the HA. 7. . 7. The HAAA server responds to the Access-Request message by sending the HA an Access-Accept message containing its cryptographic keys: MN-HA-MIP4-KEY, MN-HA-MIP4-SPI, HA-RK-KEY, HA-RK-SPI, and HA-RK-Lifetime. For more details about these cryptographic keys, see EAP Authentication Methods and EAP-Derived Cryptographic Keys375. 8. After receiving the cryptographic keys from the HAAA server, the HA sends the ASN-GW a MIP4 registration response message creating a mobile IP binding used to set up a router path/connection to the Internet. For this example, the router path/connection for the user/subscriber on a wireless laptop, cell phone, or PDA is now secure and complete. The connection follows this path: mobile station -> base station -> ASN-GW -> HA -> Internet. Sources: http://www.juniper.net/techpubs/software/aaa_802/sbrc/sbrc70/sw-sbrcadmin/html/WiMAX_Overview3.html

Definition

WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access)

WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) is a wireless industry coalition dedicated to the advancement of IEEE 802.16 standards for broadband wireless access (BWA) networks. WiMAX supports mobile, nomadic and fixed wireless applications. A mobile user, in this context, is someone in transit, such as a commuter on a train. A nomadic user is one that connects on a portable device but does so only while stationary -- for example,

connecting to an office network from a hotel room and then again from a coffee shop. Fixed wireless typically refers to wireless connectivity among non-mobile devices in homes or businesses. According to the WiMAX forum, the group's aim is to promote and certify compatibility and interoperability of devices based on the 802.16 specification, and to develop such devices for the marketplace. WiMAX is expected to provide about 10 megabits per second of upload and download, at a distance of 10 kilometers from a base station. The Forum says that over 455 WiMAX networks have been deployed in over 135 countries. In May of 2008, Sprint and Clearwire announced that they would be combining their WiMAX businesses. Intel, Google, Comcast, Time Warner Cable and Bright House Networks combined to invest $3.2 billion in Clearwire. The company has begun deployment of a planned nationwide 4G network in the United States as Clear WiMax wireless broadband services. Comcast and Time Warner Cable have announced that they will resell the service in areas where they have cable coverage. WiMAX is competing with the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP)'s Long-Term Evolution (LTE) in the 4G market. Related glossary terms: point-of-presence (POP), 4G (fourth-generation wireless), broadband, phantom dialing This was last updated in November 2010 Posted by: Margaret Rouse Sources: http://searchtelecom.techtarget.com/definition/WiMAX

History Of WiMAX
In the mid 1990's, telecommunication companies developed the idea to use fixed broadband wireless networks for potential last mile solutions to provide an alternate. means to deliver Internet connectivity to businesses and individuals. Their aim was to produce a network with the speed, capacity, and reliability of a hardwired network, while maintaining with the flexibility, simplicity, and low costs of a wireless network. This technology would also act as a versatile system for corporate or institutional backhaul distribution networks and would attempt to compete with the leading Internet carriers. The huge potential for this flexible, low cost network generated much attention to two types of fixed wireless broadband technologies: Local Multipoint Distribution Services (LMDS) and Multi-channel Multipoint Distribution Services (MMDS). LMDS was primarily intended to speed up and bridge Metropolitan Area Networks in larger corporations and on University campuses.

MMDS was meant to provide a means for local television network distribution and for residential broadband services. However, the high costs, lack of standards, and fear of vendor lock-in prevented LMDS from taking off early on. As a result, in 1999 the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) devised the 802.16 standard for LMDS. This standard, which was eventually released in 2001, operated on a point-to-point radio link network by means of line of sight transmissions, and had a frequency range of 10 GHz to 66 GHz. However, since this standard was modeled off of Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) technology and had restricted capabilities, developers focused more exclusively on the 802.16 standard that functioned in the range of 2 GHz to 11 GHz. In 2001, the WiMAX Forum was established with the agenda to market and promote the 802.16 standard. There they coined the term WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access). In 2003 the IEEE came out with 802.16a, which transmitted data through non-line of sight radio channels to and from omni-directional antennas. Later on, in 2004, the 802.16-2004 standard was released. This standard combined the updates from the IEEE 802.16a, 802.16b, and 802.16c regulations. This broadband system extended the WiMAX service to a 30-mile range and had the ability to disperse its network between hundreds of terminals. Yet the IEEE did not stop there. In 2005, they came out with the first Mobile WiMAX system: 802.16e. This version used a Scalable Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiple Access (SOFDMA) engine, which supported over 2,000 subcarriers, optimized handover delay and packet loss, and increased network security. The IEEE continues to update and modify the WiMAX system specifications to further improve its capabilities. They have made a push to publish their next major 802.16 standard named 802.16m. One of the goals for this version is to increase data speeds to 1Gbps. IEEE also looks ahead to approve and deploy the 802.20 standard in the near future, which has dubbed the nickname Mobile-Fi. Many WiMAX Forum certified products for fixed and nomadic applications are currently commercially available and are constantly being developed. It is then no wonder why WiMAX is a leader of emerging wireless standards and continues to write its own history. By, Ben Feldman Source: http://quantumwimax.com/index.php?page=History-of-Wimax

WiMAX history

- overview of WiMAX history and how the IEEE 802.16 standard has developed from its early beginnings.
WiMAX / IEEE 802.16 includes: WiMAX IEEE 802.16 tutorial WiMAX history WiMAX IEEE 802.16 standards WiMAX physical layer, & modulation WiMAX frequencies & spectrum WiMAX MAC layer WiMAX QoS WiMAX network architecture WiMAX security WiMAX testing WiMAX TDD and FDD comparison

The history of WiMAX starts back in the 1990s with the realisation that there would be a significant increase in data traffic over telecommunications networks. With wired telecommunications networks being very expensive, especially I outlying areas and not installed in many countries, wire-less methods were investigated. WiMAX history started with these investigations into what was termed the last mile connectivity - methods of delivering high speed data to a large number of users who may have no existing wired connection. The possibility of low cost last mile connectivity along with the possibility of a system that could handle backhaul over a wireless link proved to be a compelling argument to develop a new wireless data link system.

IEEE standard developed

The next major phase in WiMAX history was the development of the standards by the IEEE. The 802.16 standards working group was set up by the IEEE in 1999 under the IEEE 802 LAN/MAN Standards Committee. The first 802.16 standard was approved in December 2001and this was followed by two amendments to the basic 802.16 standard. These amendments addressed issues of radio spectrum and interoperability and came under the designations 802.16a and 802.16c. In September 2003 a major revision project was commenced. This had the aim of aligning the standard with the European / ETSI HIPERMAN standard. It was also

intended to incorporate conformance test specifications within the overall standard. The project was completed in 2004 and the standard was released as 802.16d, although it is often referred to as 802.16-2004 in view of the release date. With the release of the 802.16-2004 standard, the previous 802.16 documents, including the a, b, and c amendments were withdrawn. By Ian Poole

Source; http://www.radio-electronics.com/info/wireless/wimax/history.php

What is Wimax Technology (IEEE 802.16) What is WiMAX Technology (802.16)

WiMAX Technology is also one of the emerging wireless technology that provide us high speed mobile data and telecommunication services. WiMAX stands for Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access and it is based on IEEE 802.16 standards.In this technological world, we have so many technologies that help us in every aspect of our daily life such as transportation, communication etc. Wimax Technology works same as Wi-Fi does but it is more improved and efficient then WiFi and it can route data to Wi-Fi that is Wi-Fi devices can take advantage of WiMAX connection. WiMAX technology providess higher speed connection up to 70 Mbps over the area of 30 miles. There is no need for line of sight connection between subscriber terminals and the base station in WiMAX technology and it can support hundreds if not thousands of subscribers from a single base station. It is also specified in 802.16 standards that it will supports low latency applications such as voice, video, and Internet access at the same time. To Read about What is WiMAX technology click here. I have analyzed and study the risks to WiMAX technology provide some enhancements techniques and solutions for that. Most of the threats to WiMAX technology are the security issues that need to be suitably decided for better services and security of the WiMAX network. The issues relating to security of WiMAX technology are authentication, encryption and availability. I will discuss and analyse each of the issues in detail and provide some possible enhancement for the WiMAX technology and solutions to overcome the problem.

HOW WIMAX WORKS

Around 2004, WiMAX technology become progressively more discussed. Although initially designed as a

Source: http://freewimaxinfo.com/

What is WiMAX 2 Technology

Wimax 2 technology is improving with IEEE 802.16m mobile WiMAX standard which is called Wimax 2. Well Known business leaders make known proposal to speed up WiMAX 2 Technology Solutions built upon IEEE 802.16m. Wimax 2 Technologyis in the final stage of approval and Wimax 2 technology may be beginning in 2011 and possibly commercialized or deployed in 2012.

The objective behind Wimax 2 Technology are technology cooperation and mutual presentation benchmarking, dual testing of 4G Technology requests over WiMAX 2 Technology solution, and untimely network level interoperability testing. There are several companies have announced Wimax 2 technology with primary benefit of speed such as ZTE, Intel, Samsung, Motorola. There are two type of existed Wimax , Fixed wimax which is faster than WiFi. Mobile Wimax, which is used as a substitute of 3G mobile phone operator. Mobile wimax can transport 144 Mbps download and 35Mbps uploading speed. While wimax 2 technology intended to meet the advanced 4G standards within 1Gbps access speed to fixed and 100Mbps to fast moving mobile nodes.

Specifications of WiMAX 2 Technology

The specifications of Wimax 2 technology are built on Institute of (IEE 802.16m) Electrical and Electronics Engineers 802.16m standard. It includes high level on air competency. The Wimax companies said that Wimax 2 standard will be diffident well-matched with preceding standards. While wimax network technology are confirming extremely successful in carrying very high bandwidth mobile service. The future of wimax is guaranteed by Wimax 2 technology which is a powerful new era technology within a long term growth. WiMax 2 Technology will be much faster than its forerunner.

Features of WiMAX 2

Wimax 2 technology can deliver a blazing speed of 120Mbs down and 60Mbs up without any restriction. Wimax 2 Technology using 42 MIMO antennas with 20 MHz channel enable signals every where. With the Wimax 2 technology the speed will be double and user can do much than before. The Wimax technology offer very high speed including numerous devices for the delight of client. Wimax 2 technology network offering VOIP calls with 300Mbit throughput including more bandwidth and less latency. Those operators facing explosive the Wimax 2 technology meets the need of their demand for mobile data and various type of services. Wimax hardly print out a place in the market therefore Wimax 2 technology offering a low cost network within all IP mobile solution. The Data, Voice, and Video transmission are the clear efficiency of Wimax 2 network technology. The Wimax 2 promises to deliver a matchless amalgamation of linearity, noise presentation, and constituent combination over a remarkably broad band of operation.

Intel, Samsung which are top leaders in driving the IEEE 802.16 standard contented to observe well-built ecosystem hold up promising to speed up WiMAX 2 competences. WiMAX forum is working to speed up the accomplishment of interoperable system outline for WiMAX 2 apparatus and devices. According to Wimax Forum there are about 559 wimax deployments in 147 countries and 620 million people using it globally. Almost 130 devices and 60 base stations within 2.3 GHz, 2.5 GHz, and 3.5 GHz have been certified by Wimax forum.

Source: http://freewimaxinfo.com/wimax-2-technology.html

HOW WIMAX WORKS

If you already read about Wimax Technology then next question arises to your mind is How WiMAX works. Wimax is a telecommunication and mobie technology used for broadcasting of wireless data by the use of a number of transmission methods. Wimax stands for Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access offering internet access point to point or point to multipoint or path. It is based on IEEE 802.16. Wimax make possible the broadband access to conservative cable or DSL lines. The working method of Wimax is little different from Wifi network, because Wifi computer can be connected via LAN card, router, or hotspot, while the connectivity of Wimax network constitutes of two parts in which one is Wimax Tower or booster also known as wimax base station and second is Wimax receiver (Wimax CPE) or Customer Premise Equipment.

The Wimax network is just like a cell phone. When a user send data from a subscriber device to a base station then that base station broadcast the wireless signal into channel which is called uplink and base station transmit the same or another user is called downlink. The base station of Wimax has higher broadcasting power, antennas and enhanced additional algorithms. Wimax technology providers build a network with the help of towers that enable communication access over many miles. The broadband service of wimax technology is available in coverage areas. The coverage areas of wimax technology separated in series of over lied areas called channel.

When a user sends data from one location to another the wireless connection is transferred from one cell to another cell. When signal transmit form user to wimax base station or base to user (wimax receiver) the wireless channel faces many attenuation such as fraction, reflection, refraction, wall obstruction etc. These all attenuation may cause of distorted, and split toward multi path. The target of Wimax receiver is to rebuild the transmitted data perfectly to make possible reliable data transmission.

The orthogonal frequency division multiplexed access (OFDMA) in wimax technology, is a great technique used

Source: http://freewimaxinfo.com/how-wimax-works.html

Features of WiMAX Technology Wimax Features

WiMAX is a great invention in wireless technology providing 30 miles broadband access to mobile users. Wimax technology based on IEEE 802.16 standard and it is a telecommunication protocol offering full access to mobile internet across cities and countries with a wide range of devices. Wimax technology has salient features as described below.

Wimax support multipath

Wimax technology is offering OFDM-based physical layer which is based on orthogonal frequency distribution. The Wimax technology is providing confrontation to multipath. Due to its good architecture it allows the user to operate in NLOS condition. Now Wimax is familiar as a technique of multi path for wireless network.

Wimax broadband access

Wimax technology is offering very high speed broadband access to mobile internet. When you are using 20MHz the data rate can be high up to 74Mbps. Generally 10MHz wit the TDD scheme provides 3:1 up and down link ratio. Wimax providing very good signals therefore higher data rate can be achieved with multiple antennas. Antennas are used for beam forming, space time coding etc.

Wimax offer high speed data rate

Another feature of Wimax Technology is high speed data rate. The scalable architecture of physical layer is offering high speed data rate. Wimax technology is providing easily scaling of data with possible bandwidth of channel. If the bandwidth of channels may from 1.25MHz to 10MHz then a system can use 128, 512, 048 bit FFTs which provide dynamically roaming across numerous network having dissimilar bandwidth.

Wimax offer modulation and error correction

The use Wimax technology is increasing rapidly because it supports lots of modulation and error correction

facility to user. It also allowing a user that they could change the scheme according to channel condition. (AMC) Adaptive Modulation and Coding is a valuable method to exploit throughput in a varying channel.

Wimax support reliability of data

Automatic retransmission of data supported by Wimax at data link layer for link is a great feature. It is not only improving reliability but also enabled ARQ which necessitate each broadcast packet to be recognized by the receiver, and if any unacknowledged data packets are unspecified to be misplaced and are retransmitted.

Wimax support TDD and FDD

Another significant feature of Wimax technology is that it supports Time Division Duplexing (TDD) and Frequency Division Duplexing (FDD). They both are offering low cost system accomplishment.

Wimax TDM scheme

The wimax technology holds all system therefore any data may be in form of uplink or downlink checked by scheduler from the base station. The total capacity shared between several users according to their demand. And it is done by Wimax TDM (Time Division Multiplexing) scheme.

Wimax MAC layer

The architecture of Wimax technology based on MAC layer which is a connection oriented layer. Through MAC layer a use can perform a variety of functions such as various type of application including multimedia and voice can be used. It also supports best efforts for data traffic as bit, real time, traffic flaws etc. The aim to design Wimax technology is to facilitate large number of user with a variety of connection per terminal.

Wimax strong encryption

Wimax technology also facilitates the user with strong encryption. By using AES (Advanced Encryption

standard) a user can get strong privacy and administration. The EAP protocol offer flexible substantiation architecture which make enable a user to get access to username, password, certificates, and smart card.

Wimax mobility
The basic and most important feature of Wimax technology is to support mobility applications as VoIP. The power saving mechanism of Wimax technology is used to extend the battery life of handheld devices. It supports mobile applications including channel estimation, subchannelization, power control etc.

To get access to wimax base station is not a huge task now because the wide range of connectivity of wimax provides access to base station from home. Installation of hardware is also very easy with wimax technology. With the growth of Wimax technology its more feature may also comes up. Source; http://freewimaxinfo.com/wimax-features.html