General: Tolerance and Human Rights Museums and Memorials International Coalition of Sites of Conscience: This worldwide network

of historic sites, museums and initiatives is dedicated to remembering past struggles and addressing their contemporary legacies. The issues which this coalition focus on are: children as victims or war; displacement; genocide; human trafficking and slavery and poverty and welfare. The coalition website accredits institutions with criteria that follow the issues of the mandate of the organization. To become an accredited institutional member of the Coalition of Sites of Conscience an evaluation must be conducted and approved by the criteria set by the coalition by-laws. institutional membership is possible without accreditation. Sites are listed by geography. http://www.sitesofconscience.org/ The Legacy Project: The Legacy Project is a 501 c 3 non-profit organization which was started by Clifford Channin who served for 10 years as Associate Director of Arts and Humanities at the Rockefeller Foundation. During his tenure his encounter with artwork from around the world contemplating and addressing past tragedies including war; genocide; ethnic conflict and population displacements led to the discovery of common themes and language of societys shared inheritance of loss. The Legacy Project was created to explore and foster global dialogue through exhibition; publications, programs and an extensive website. www.legacy-project.org Polynational War Memorial Proposal; Website and Memorial Google Map: This website is a database of war memorials from all over the world with text and images collected from publicly available sources on line. The site is divided into four sections: The Memorials Section; The Virtual Memorial Collection: The Wars Section; The Resource Section. Information about the proposed Polynational War Memorial; its concept and implementation is also available at this site. www.war-memorial.net Genocide Monument: by Artist Kofi Setordji : Mr. Setordjis works are in word, metal, bronze, stone, terracotta and paint. This installation sculpture depicts victims, refugees, politicians, judges and eyewitnesses with a directness of imagery that provokes the grimness and violent power of the reality of genocide embodied within a talisman like sculptural park. http://www.vmcaa.nl/genocide/engels/index2.html Armenia The Armenian Memorials Database provides viewers information about memorials and monuments dedicated to the memory of the victims of the Armenian genocide. The Armenian National Institute has identified 135memorials in 25 countries. www.armenian-genocide.org/memorials.html#memorials_introduction

Bangladesh

Bangladesh Genocide Archive: An online archive of chronology of events, documentations, audio video, images, media and eyewitness accounts of the 1971 genocide in Bangladesh at the hands of Pakistan army. www.genocidebangladesh.org Liberation War Museum: Dhaka, Bangladesh: Located in the center of Dhaka city and inaugurated in 1996 the museum boasts 13 years of public access with approximately 425 thousand visitors. 6 galleries display the protracted struggle of the people of Bangladesh under British colonial rule as well as the armed struggle of the 9 month liberation war of 1971. www.liberationwarmuseum.org Cambodia Tuol Sleng Genocide Museum: A museum in Phnom Penh, a former high school, which was used as the notorious Security Prison 21 (S-21) by the Khmer Rouge communist regime from its rise to power in 1975 to its fall in 1979. In 1980 the prison was reopened by the government of the Peoples Republic of Kampuchea as a historical museum memorializing the actions of the Khmer Rouge regime. http://www.tuolslengmuseum.com/ Cambodian Genocide Memorials Website: From 1995 to 2004 the Documentation Center of Cambodia mapped the Cambodian killing fields and identified 19,403 mass burial pits, 189 prisons that operated during the DK period and 80 memorials constructed by survivors of the DK regime. 14 important Genocide Memorial sites in Cambodia are described on this webpage. www.andybrouwer.co.uk China Monument to the Peoples Heroes: A ten-story obelisk that was erected as a national monument of the Peoples Republic of China built in memory of the martyrs who laid down their lives for the revolutionary struggles of the Chinese people during the 19th and 20th centuries. The monument is located at the southern edge of Tiananmen Square made of marble and granite. Eight bas-relief carvings depict the Chinese struggles from the First Opium War in 1840 to the founding of the Peoples Republic in 1949. http://www.china.org.cn/english/features/beijing/30800.htm Crusades and Inquisition Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History: The Metropolitan Museum of Art: The Crusades (1095 1291) The Department of Medieval Art and the Cloisters web coverage of The Crusades employs an introduction to the events of the time with a slide show of representative art work from this era and links to thematic essays maps and resources. http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/crus/hd_crus.htm#thumbnails Crusader Ruins and Crusades Sites: The mapping web site: Historvius catalogues 20 ruins and sites related to the Crusader era with maps and links to these locations across Europe and the Middle East.

Links to each location further examines details about travel to each location with hotel, tours and historic overview of the location and its role in Crusader history. http://www.historvius.com/crusades/pe127 Museum with no Frontiers: Al-Franj: the Crusaders in the Levant: This virtual museum site explores the Latin Crusader campaigns targeted to parts of the Islamic Mediterranean coast, the Holy Land, Egypt; Byzantium and Tunisia. Through text and examples of relics of art and architecture this on line exhibition weaves together the history of the early, violent contact between the Islamic and Christian cultures and the aftermath and influence on each culture as a result of this first direct contact. http://www.discoverislamicart.org/exhibitions/ISL/crusader/index.php DR Congo Preventing Genocide Who is at Risk DR Congo: The DR Congo is currently an ongoing and chronic crisis of regional warfare, mass atrocity with ethnic and sexually based violence continuing to claim lives in the millions since, roughly, 1996. Efforts toward memorializing the victims of this region of the world where mass violence is still unchecked has fallen into the hands of international organizations dedicated to draw attention to the matters unfolding on the ground. To this effect the US Holocaust Memorial Museum has devoted a substantial effort toward awareness of the events occurring in DRC and addressing the main concerns of these matters. http://www.ushmm.org/genocide/take_action/atrisk/region/dr-congo/a Democratic Republic of the Congo The Road Ahead: Voices from Congo A Special Conference: This section of the USHMMs website is dedicated to current discussion among leading experts on the news and analysis surrounding the historic Presidential elections taking place in the DR Congo. http://www.ushmm.org/museum/exhibit/focus/congo/ Ethiopia Red Terror Martyrs Association and Museum: Located in Ethiopias capital; Addis Ababa Ethiopia; the mission of the association is to memorialize the martyrs of the Red Terror campaign of the Derg Regime while preserving the artifacts; photographs and rare documents of this violent period in Ethiopian history for visitors, scholars and students to gain valuable knowledge and understanding. The vision of the museum is to become the leading institution in informing and educating the public about the Red Terror campaign while providing opportunities for research and development towards political tolerance and peace. http://redterrormartyrs.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=86&Itemid=90 Hiroshima and Nagasaki Hiroshima Peace Website and Hiroshima Peace Memorial Museum: This web site serves as an internet introduction to the history of the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki with nuclear weapons during WWII and information about the museum and park located in Hiroshima Japan. A firm commitment to peace studies and abolition of nuclear weapons permeates the mission of the website and park.

http://www.pcf.city.hiroshima.jp/top_e.html Holocaust Holocaust Memorial Museum Database: This website provides an overview of memorial and monument institutions throughout the world that deal with the history of the Holocaust, with brief historical descriptions of their mission, locations and directions on 7 continents and the activities and contact information of each site. http://www.memorial-museums.net/WebObjects/ITF U.S Holocaust Memorial Museum: is Americas national institution for the documentation, study, and interpretation of Holocaust history, and serves as the United Stats memorial to the millions of people murdered during the holocaust. The museums primary mission is to advance and disseminate knowledge about the Holocaust. The museum is located in Washington DC a block from the National Mall and Memorial Parks. The museums web site hosts information about visiting the museum as well as information about education, research, history, remembrance, genocide and support. http://www.ushmm.org/ Erna and Arthur Salm Holocaust and Genocide Memorial Grove: The Holocaust and Memorial Grove at Sonoma State University is designed to honor survivors and victims of genocides committed throughout the world as well as recognition of educators, scholars and activists working for awareness, tolerance at a lakeside setting on the Sonoma State University campus. The Memorial is designed as an experiential sculpture of 40-foot-long railroad tracks embedded into the lawn ending in an internally illuminated glass column. Lied into the tracks are 460 bricks representing the names of communities who have endured genocide. http://www.sonoma.edu/holocaust/grove/ Yad Vashem: As the Jewish peoples living memorial to the Holocaust, Yad Vashem safeguards the memory of the past and imparts its meaning for future generations. Established in 1953 as the world center for documentation, research, education and commemoration of the Holocaust, Yad Vashem is today a dynamic and vital place of intergenerational and international encounter. The website is dedicated to education; digital collections; exhibition information; remembrance; research; the Righteous Program; and visitors information. http://www.yadvashem.org/ Museum of Tolerance: A Simon Weisenthal Center Museum, New York: The Centers themes challenge visitors to confront bigotry and racism, and to understand the Holocaust in both historic and contemporary contexts. Their programs and themes include issues of human rights; the power of words and images; history of the Holocaust through eye-witness testimony; social justice movements in the United States; various programs confronting prejudice and discrimination. www.museumoftolerancenewyork.com Museum of Tolerance: A Simon Weisenthal Center Museum, Los Angeles: The MOT LA is a human rights laboratory and educational center dedicated to challenging visitors to understand the Holocaust

in both historic and contemporary contexts and confront all forms of prejudice and discrimination in our world today. Four main exhibit areas include the Holocaust Section: the Tolerance Center: Finding Our Families, Finding our Selves; Special Exhibition. www.museumoftolerance.com Holocaust, Genocide and Human Rights Web Site: created by Linda M. Woolf, PhD. This web site hosts a list of links which cover various issues of genocide; mass violence and fundamental issues of human rights. Links to publications and web sites which host information about atrocities around the world are hosted on this inclusive web site. http://www.webster.edu/~woolflm/holocaust.html Indonesia Iraq Namibia Herero Cultural Centre and Genocide Memorial: This proposed architects draft for a memorial centre for the Herero victims of the 1904 genocide creates a place of remembrance for the Herero culture and assists younger generations to understand and celebrate their culture and at the same time shape their future. While there are annual memorial celebrations in honor of the Herero genocidal killings of the early 20th century there are currently no memorial structures where the public can visit and learn about this important event in Namibian history. This building site proposal creates a critical presentation toward the ultimate reality of such a centre. http://www.graduatearchitecture.com/PROJECTS/ENGLISH/2010/images/WIM23/WIM23_1.pdf Native Populations Australia National Gallery of Australia: The Aboriginal Memorial: The Aboriginal Memorial is an installation exhibition located in permanent housing at the NGA which comprises 200 traditional hollow log coffin / poles; one for each year of European settlement and representing the Aboriginal people who died defending their land and denied a proper burial. http://nga.gov.au/AboriginalMemorial/ Monument Australia: Indigenous: This category is part of the website: Monument Australia which contains educational and historical research and general information about the public monuments and memorials in all Australian States and Territories. The Indigenous category references monuments and memorials which were erected to commemorate the indigenous Aboriginal culture of Australia. http://monumentaustralia.org.au/themes/culture/indigenous Native Populations Central and South America Native Populations North America The Wounded Knee Museum: is located in Wall, South Dakota and is a narrative museum which tells the story of the small band of Lakota families who became the focus of the last major military operation of

the U.S. army in its centuries long effort to subdue the Native American Tribes. Exhibits provide a vivid picture of events which surrounded the Wounded Knee Massacre. The location of the museum allows for optimum access to educational exposure and commercial success. An interactive website also elucidates information about the museum and the history of Wounded Knee. http://www.woundedkneemuseum.org/index.htm North Korea Rwanda and Burundi Rwandas six National Genocide Memorials: Bisesero; Gisozi; Murambi; Ntarama; Nyamata; Nyarubuye Bisesero Genocide Memorial: Located about 31 kilometers from Kibuye, Rwanda Bisesero was the site of a massacre of approximately 50,000 Tutsi. The memorial hosts nine memorial buildings where many of the scattered remains have been gathered and buried. Some remain on display in commemoration of the massacre http://www.museum.gov.rw/2_museums/kibuye/bisesero/pages/bisesero.htm Gisozi Genocide Memorial: Located in the Gasabo Distrct in the city of Kigali this memorial is a site of Tutsi killings. The site contains a cemetery, exhibition house, library and outreach teaching materials. Approximately 300 thousand victims are buried here. The website hosts detailed victims testimonials. http://www.cnlg.gov.rw/stories/memorial-site/gisozi-genocide-memorial-site Murambi Genocide Memorial Center: This memorial center is located in a vacated secondary school near the town of Gikongoro, south west Rwanda. The site pays homage to the approximately 40,000 victims who were massacred during a three day period. Many of the corpses were found inside the classrooms of the school building. A contemporary graphically oriented exhibition narrating the development of genocidal ideology in Rwanda and the resulting genocidal massacres. http://www.museum.gov.rw/2_museums/murambi/genocide_memorial/pages_html/page_intro.htm Nyamata Genocide Memorial: This memorial is located 35 kilometers south of Kigali, Rwanda. A former Catholic Church houses the remains of collected corpses as well as burial grounds around the building. The church was sought out as a refuge for fleeing Tutsi who were being pursued by the Interhamwe militia. The protective building was breached by the militia and all of the refugees inside were massacred. http://www.museum.gov.rw/2_museums/kigali/nyamata/pages/nyamata_exibit.htm Ntarama Genocide Memorial: Located about 30 km from Kigali in the Bugesera region this church and its contents are dedicated to the remembrance of the 1994 Rwandan genocide. The Bugesera district became a forced refuge for Tutsi and was a target for massacres during the genocide. The memorial site was once a church where many Tutsi fled for safety. However, the church was raided by Interhamwe soldiers and up to 10 thousand people were massacred in and around the church grounds. It was decided that the church should be used as a memorial for the victims by the Rwandan government and the people of the region.

http://www.museum.gov.rw/2_museums/kigali/ntarama/pages/ntarama.htm Nyarubuye Genocide Memorial: Is located abt. 35 kilometers from the town of Kibungo in the Kirehe district this former church and accompanying school buildings are set aside as a memorial to the 20 thousand who were killed in this area over a two day period in April of 1994. This site has an established educational center where the victims remains are preserved and displayed with educational information about the atrocities as well as a memorial wall with the names of the victims inscribed. http://www.museum.gov.rw/2_museums/kibungo/nyarubuye/pages/nyarubuye.htm Kigali Memorial Centre in Kigali, Rwanda: Opened in April, 2004 on the tenth anniversary of the beginning of the genocide in Rwanda. The Centre was commissioned by the Aegis Trust, a UK based genocide prevention organization with the goal of developing a memorial site on the location where up to 250,000 genocide victims were buried in mass graves into a permanent exhibition for the benefit of survivors and visitors. www.kigalimemorialcentre.org Through a Glass Darkly: Genocide Memorials in Rwanda 1994 present. This comprehensive website explores the hundreds of memorials throughout Rwandas lieux de memoire (sites of memory) as an integral part of the living landscape of Rwanda. Professor Jens Meienherich of Harvard University has overseen the collection and compilation of three types of data: more than 7000 original photographs; observational field research from several hundred interviews and analysis of over 100 of Rwandas lieux de memiore are contained within this website. http://genocidememorials.cga.harvard.edu/home.html Soviet Union The Holodomor Memorial Website: this sites mission is the following: to uncover the cause of the Ukrainian Holodomor (famine genocide) of 1932 1933 through studies of the historical events; to establish a network of Ukranian scholars directed towards the discovery of the origins of Holodomor; to establish the Holodomor Memorial Center on the Internet to inform Ukraine and the world about this tragedy. http://www.holodomor.org/index.html Memorial to the Victims of Holodmor in Ukraine National Museum: opened fully in 2009 this complex is dedicated to the historical tragedy of Ukraine during the early 20th century. The museum and memorial complex consist of the White CandleSculptures of Grieving Angels Girl with Spilelet and Memory Square which is surrounded by millstones representing the millstones of history of the Stalin regime; and monument as well as the National World War 2 Museum. Information about touring the museum complex can be found at this location: http://primetour.ua/en/excursions/museum/Natsionalnyiy-muzey--Memorial-pamyati-zhertvgolodomorov-v-Ukraine-.html Sri Lanka Sudan

Global Grassroots Conscious Social Change for Women Darfur Genocide in Sudan: This web site provides background; educational resources; artwork projects; testimonials and advocacy site links on the ongoing civil unrest and mass killings that have been perpetrated by the Government of Sudan against its citizens in the Darfur region of the country. This succinct web portal offers links to important and current educational and informational resources for teachers, students and individuals dedicated to social change which benefits marginalized women. http://www.globalgrassroots.org/darfur_genocide.html Tibet Tibet Oral History Project: This website is a collection of intimate oral history portraits of elder Tibetans who lived in an unoccupied Tibet. Transcripts from 67 Tibetans from ages 58 95 cover the themes of culture and history; Buddhist traditions Chinese invasion and occupation, oppression and imprisonment; resistance and revolution. The Tibet Oral History Project aims to preserve the true history of the Tibetan peopleby documenting the life stories of Tibetan elders living in exile, and to disseminate that information through print, broadcast media and internet for the purposes of education and preservation of the culture and history of Tibet. http://tibetoralhistory.org/index.html Uganda Yugoslavia (former) Srebrenica-Potocari Memorial and Cemetery for the Victims of the 1995 Genocide: is the memorial complex set up to honor the victims of the 1995 Srebrenica genocide. The Memorial Cemetery was established in September, 2003 at the location of the massacre of Srebrenica of over 8000 boys and men in the Bosnian war, in July of 1995. The Memorial Cemetery consists of a memorial graveyard; memorial tent; stele; inscriptions and Wall of Names. Annual commemorations are hosted , annual additional burials are honored with exhumations of bodies found in mass graves around the region. A web site dedicated to the memorial and its activities can be visited for more information. http://www.potocarimc.ba/