1st chief minister of west bengal := Dr.

Prafulla Chandra Ghosh Paper was invented in :=china

Q-Master gland of our body is :A-Thyroid B-Pituitary C-Brain D-Liver AnsPituitary

Information on Solar System 1. The brightest planet as seen from Earth------Venus 2. The planet also known as Earths twin------Venus 3. The planet, which rotates in a direction opposite to that of others------Venus 4. The planet, which has prominent rings around it------Saturn 5. Planets which have no satellites-----Mercury & Venus 6. The planet with the longest day------Venus (244 hrs) 7. The planet with the shortest day------Jupiter (9 hrs 55 mts) 8. The planet also known as Evening/ Morning star------Venus 9. The Jovian planets------Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune 10. The star nearest to the earth-----Proxima Centauri 11. The hottest planet in the solar system------Venus 12. The largest satellite in the solar system------Ganymede Satellite of the Jupiter 13. The planet also known as the Red Planet------Mars 14. The highest known mountain in the solar system------Olympus Mons on Mars 15. The asteroid belt lies between------Mars and Jupiter 16. The largest asteroid also known as a dwarf planet----- Ceres 17. Pluto earlier considered a planet is now considered a dwarf planet and a part of------Kuiper belt

18. Halley's comet last appeared in 1986 and is expected to appear next in------2061 19. The galaxy nearest to the milky way------Andromeda 20. The planet whose density is less than that of water----Saturn

1. The United Nationswas founded on _________. B. October 24, 1945 2. Which country from the following is NOT the member of UNO? B. Afghanistan 3. The International Court of Justice is located in _________. D.The Hague 4. There are __________ members of SAARC. D. 8 5. Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC)has __________ official languages. C. 3 OIC languages OIC has 3 official languages: Arabic, English and French 7.The currency of Indonesia is _________. A. rupiah Country Indonesia Capital Jakarta Currency Ruphiah 8. The D-8 is an organization of eight ________ countries. B. developing 9.The European Union's working capital is in _________. D. Brussels 10.The headquarter of NATOis located in _________. D.Brussels

A device used to measure the amount of moisture in the atmosphere is called a --=hygrometer World Population Day is observed on =11 july Longest River Bridge in India-=mahatma gandi sethu bihar The most important river of Orissa is Mahanadi The oldest church ( st. thomas church ) in india is located in the state of : =kerala kaun sa desh sabse jyada dweep samuh( island ) se milkar bana hai =indonasia

Who was the author of 'Raghuvamsa' =kalidas Who was the first Indian Governor-General of India = Rajagopalachari What is the percentage of animals on the earth =70% Q. =18 The Largest Producer of coffee in d World is... brazil The Largest Producer of TEA in d World is...==china which of the following substances has greatest specific heat=mercury 1. Who is the winner of Australian Open 2013 Women's title ? Answer: Victoria Azarenka 2. Who is the winner of Australian Open 2013 men's title ? Answer: Novak Djokovic 3. Who is the chief guest of 2013 Pravasi Bharatiya Divas ? Answer: Rajkeswur Purryag, President of Mauritius (Held in Kochi) 4. Who is the chief guest of republic day 2013 ? Answer: Jigme Khesar Namgyal Wangchuck, King of Bhutan 5. Who is first female President of South Korea ? Answer: Park Guen-hye 6. Who is the first female Chief Justice of Sri Lanka ? Answer: Shirani Bandaranayake (recently impeached) 7. Who is the winner of DSC Prize for South Asian Literature 2013 ? Answer: Jeet Thayil (book - Narcopolis) 8. Which is the Longest Railway Tunnel in India? Answer: Pir Panjal Railway Tunnel (Banihal railway tunnel) 9. Where did the World Economic Forum annual meeting held ? Answer: Davos, Switzerland 10. Who has been conferred won Keerthi Chakra (the second highest among peace time gallantry awards of India)? Answer: Major Anoop Joseph 11. Which Indian scientist conferred with China's top science award ? Answer: CNR Rao 12. Who is the winner of Ranji Trophy 2012-2013 ? Answer: Mumbai 13. Which country recently test fired Hatf-9 (Nasr) missile ? Answer: Pakistan 14. Who is the new Chairman of Lalita Kala Akademi ? Answer: Kalyan Kumar Chakravarty

15. Who is the new President of Sahitya Akademi ? Answer: Dr. Vishwanath Prasad Tiwari 16. Who is appointed as the next Permanent Representative of India to the United Nations ? Answer: Asoke Kumar Mukerji 17. Who is the worlds oldest Marathon runner ? Answer: Fauja Singh OSCAR Winners 2013 (85th Academy Awards Winners) 18. Which film won this year's Best Picture Oscar ? Answer: Argo 19. Which actor won this year's Best Actor (in a Leading Role) Oscar ? Answer: Daniel Day-Lewis (Lincoln) 20. Which actress won this year's Best Actress (in a Leading Role) Oscar ? Answer: Jennifer Lawrence (Silver Linings Playbook DID YOU KNOW THIS Company Name Origin/Meaning 1.Mercedes - Name of the daughter of the founder 2.Nokia - Name of city in Finland 3.Pepsi - Named from the digestive enzyme pepsi 4.Honda - From the name of its founder Soichiro Honda 5.Sony - from the Latin word 'sonus' meaning sound 6.Maggi - Food company named after its founder,Julius Maggi 7.Suzuki - From the name of its founder, Michio Suzuki 8.Samsung - Meaning 'three stars' in Korea 9. Toyota - From the name of founder, Sakichi Toyoda 10.Yamaha - After Torakusu Yamaha, who founded the company 11.Adidas - From the name of the founder Adolf (Adi) Dassler. (das)

Top10 countries by rail transport network size (In Km. and Date of Information) 1 United States 224,792 (2011) 2 China (PRC) 98,000 (2012) 3 Russia 87,157 (2011) 4 India 65,000 (Mar-2013) 5 Canada 46,552 (2011) 6 Germany 41,981 (2011)

7 Australia 38,445 (2011) 8 Argentina 36,966 (2011) 9 France 29,640 (2011) 10 Brazil 28,538 (2011) Which of the following metal is associated with heamoglobin==iron The National Chemical Laboratory(India) is located in==pune ContinentsArea in Sq.Km Asia 43,820,000 29.5% Africa 30,370,000 20.4% North America 24,490,000 16.5% South America 17,840,000 12.0% Antarctica 13,720,000 9.2% Europe 10,180,000 6.8% Australia9,008,500 5.9% 1. The constituent assembly was formed on the recommendation of the Cabinet Mission which visited India in 1946. 2. The Constituent Assembly met for the first time in New Delhi on 9 December, 1946 in the Constitution Hall which is now known as the Central Hall of Parliament House. 3. Mr. Sachchidanand Sinha was elected provisional chairman of the assembly. 4. Dr Rajendra Prasad later became the permanent chairman of the constituent assembly. 5. On 13 December, 1946, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru moved the Objectives Resolution which resolved to proclaim India as an Independent Sovereign Republic and to draw up for her future governance a Constitution. 6. The Constituent Assembly took almost three years (two years, eleven months and seventeen days to be precise) to complete its historic task of drafting the Constitution for Independent India. 7. The Constituent Assembly held eleven sessions covering a total of 165 days. 8. India is governed in terms of the Constitution, which was adopted on 26 November, 1949, which was the last day of the Eleventh session of the Constituent Assembly. 9. This date finds mention in the Preamble to the Indian Constitution thus IN OUR CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY this twenty-sixth day of November, 1949, do HEREBY ADOPT, ENACT AND GIVE TO OURSELVES THIS CONSTITUTION. 10. The honourable members appended their signatures to the constitution on 24 January, 1950. 11. The Constitution of India came into force on 26 January, 1950. On that day, the Constituent Assembly ceased to exist, transforming itself into the Provisional Parliament of India until a new Parliament was constituted in 1952 Indian Ballistic Missiles Prithvi I (SS-150) - Army Version (150 km range with a payload of 1,000 kg) Prithvi II (SS-250) - Air Force Version (250 km range with a payload of 500 kg) Prithvi III (SS-350) - Naval Version (350 km range with a payload of 1000 kg) Agni-I 700 km (SRBM) Agni-II2,500 km (MRBM) Agni-III 5,000 km (IRBM) Agni-IV 4,000 km (IRBM) Agni-V 5,500 km (ICBM)

Agni-VI 10,000 km (ICBM) Under development Sea-based nuclear armed ballistic missiles Dhanush 350 km Developed, but not operationally deployed. K-4 3,500 km (Submarine-launched ballistic missile) under development. Sagarika (K-15) 700 km (Submarine-launched ballistic missile) Bharat Ratna Awardees since 1954 1. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan 1954 2. Chakravarti Rajagopalachari 1954 3. C. V. Raman 1954 4. Bhagwan Das 1955 5. Sir Mokshagundam Visvesvarayya 1955 6. Jawaharlal Nehru 1955 7. Govind Ballabh Pant 1957 8. Dhondo Keshav Karve 1958 9. B. C. Roy 1961 10. Purushottam Das Tandon 1961 11. Rajendra Prasad 1962 12. Zakir Hussain 1963 13. Pandurang Vaman Kane 1963 14. Lal Bahadur Shastri 1966 15. Indira Gandhi 1971 16. V. V. Giri 1975 17. K. Kamaraj 1976 18. Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu (Mother Teresa) 1980 19. Acharya Vinoba Bhave 1983 20. Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan 1987 21. M. G. Ramachandran 1988 22. B. R. Ambedkar 1990 23. Nelson Mandela 1990 24. Rajiv Gandhi 1991 25. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel 1991 26. Morarji Desai 1991 27. Maulana Abul Kalam Azad 1992 28. J. R. D. Tata 1992 29. Satyajit Ray 1992 30. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam 1997 31. Gulzarilal Nanda 1997 32. Aruna Asaf Ali 1997 33. M. S. Subbulakshmi 1998 34. Chidambaram Subramaniam 1998 35. Jayaprakash Narayan 1998 36. Ravi Shankar 1999 37. Amartya Sen 1999 38. Gopinath Bordoloi 1999 39. Lata Mangeshkar 2001 40. Ustad Bismillah Khan 2001 41. Pt. Bhimsen Joshi 2008 Influences on Indian Constitution: Where was a particular feature of constitution influenced from? Such types of questions are very common in Civil Services and State PSC exams.

To make it easy for students, we are listing such influences in one simple list: Government of India Act, 1935 The Government of India act 1935 had major influence on the constitution. It must be noted that the act itself was never implemented fully. The Federal System of government Separation of legislative powers between the centre and states Powers of Federal Judiciary Emergency Powers Provincial autonomy Bicameral central legislature consisting of a federal assembly and a Council of States The British The British system of governance was adapted to a great extent. Parliamentary System of Government Office of CAG The President as the Nominal Head. Though Britain does not have a President, the Queen (or the king) is the nominal head of the state Cabinet System of Ministers The position of Prime Minister Speaker in Lok Sabha The United States of America A written Constitution. Note that Britain does not have a written constitution Independence of Judiciary and Removal of Supreme Court and High Court Judges Judicial Review Fundamental Rights Preamble to the constitution Functions of Vice-President Canada Federal structure with a strong Centre Distribution of power between states and the center Residuary powers with the centre Ireland Directive Principles of State Policy Method of Presidential election Nomination of limited number of members to Rajya Sabha by the President Weimer Constitution of Germany Emergency provisions Suspension of fundamental rights during emergency South Africa Amendment with 2/3rd majority in Parliament Election of the member of Rajya Sabha on the basis of proportional Representation Australia Concurrent list of subjects between states and the center Language of the preamble U.S.S.R.

Fundamental Duties Imagine the amount ofknowledge that went into creating our constitution. Hope you would be able to relate these concepts with their sources Pinaka is a ..... Multiple Rocket Launcher Continents and Highest Points AfricaMount Kilimanjaro (5895Mtr) AntarcticaVinson Massif (4892 Mtr) Asia Mount Everest (8,848mtr) AustraliaPuncak Jaya (4884 Mtr) Europe Mount Elbrus (5633 Mtr) North America Mount McKinley (6198mtr) South America Aconcagua (6960mtr) 1.Vetikan City 00.44 2.Monako 01.95 3.Neeru 21.10 4.Tuwalu 26.00 5.San Marino 61.00 6.Lichtencities 61.00 7.Marsal Dweep 181.00 8.Sentkits Newice 269.00 9.Maldeev 298.00 10.Malta 316.00 Forbes Magazine's List of the World's Most Powerful People (Top10) 1 Barack Obama 44th President of the USA 2 Angela Merkel 8th Chancellor of Germany 3 Vladimir Putin President of Russia 4 Bill Gates chairman of Microsoft 5 Pope Benedict XVI 265th Pope of the Roman Catholic Church 6 Ben Bernanke 14th Chairman of the Federal Reserve 7 Abdullah bin Abdul Aziz 6th King of Saudi Arabia 8 Mario Draghi President of the European Central Bank 9 Xi Jinping President of China 10 David Cameron Prime Minister of the UK >>> List of Top 10 Countries in Area (Square KM) <<< ****************************** ************** 1. Russia 17,098,242 2. Canada 9,984,670 3. China 9,706,961 4. United States 9,629,091 5. Brazil 8,514,877 6. Australia 7,692,024 7. India 3,166,414 8. Argentina 2,780,400 9. Kazakhstan 2,724,900 10. Algeria 2,381,741 Q. =26 oct. 1962 by s.radha Krishna Commercially, sodium bicarbonate is known as =baking soda Which one of the followings became the first human-made object to leave the solar system =Voyage-2 Who is the first woman Air Marshal of India Air Force (IAF) =Dr Padmavathy Bandopadhyay

Q. In terms of population(), which is the smallest state in India = sikkim September 15: Top 10 Current Affairs Sunday at 9:37pm 1. India on Sunday conducted a second test flight of its indigenously developed nuclear- capable 'Agni-V' long-range ballistic missile, which has a strike range of more than 5000 km, from the Wheeler Island off Odisha coast. 2. Japan is to start the process of switching off its last working nuclear reactor on Sunday for a scheduled inspection with no restart in sight due to public hostility towards atomic power. The move will leave the world's third largest economy without atomic energy for the second time since the Fukushima crisis erupted in March 2011. 3. Latest data released by the Planning Commission says that Sikkim has recorded steepest fall in poverty level in the country on account of increase in per capita consumption and the proportion of the poor living below poverty line in the state's urban area being lowest among all states. 4. Dehradun sisters scale world's highest peak Mt Everest. Dehradun based Nungshi Malik and twin sister Tashi Malik, though, spent the Sunday morning of May 19, creating history. At 7.30 am that day, they became the first set of twins to scale Mount Everest. 5. Syria's opposition National Coalition on 14 September 2013, elected Ahmad Toameh as its interim Prime Minister to run the regions in the country under rebel control. 6. Bharatiya Nabhikiya Vidyut Nigam Limited Chairman & Managing Director Prabhat Kumar was presented Vignan Sanketika Puraskar by Vignan Group of Institutions Chairman L. Rathaiah in a programme held at the university on the eve of Engineers Day (15 Sept). 7. Sri Lankan President Mahinda Rajapaksa on 14 September 2013 inaugurated the train service, built by the Indian Railways, to the Northern Province.The rail line is crucial for rebuilding the economy of the war devastated Jaffna peninsula, as it will provide a fast link to the economic hub of Colombo. 8. India has retained its third position in the latest ICC Test rankings after South Africa and England. 9. The world's oldest man, a gin rummy-playing, one-time sugarcane worker born in Spain, has died at 112 in New York state, a funeral home said on Saturday. 10. China is likely to achieve its growth target of 7.5 per cent this year despite planned structural reforms to re balance the worlds second largest economy, the World Bank president said. Top Banks in India Name of the Bank----Deposits (in Rs. crs)----No. of Offices Public Sector Banks 1.State Bank of India -----910,43,647----------- 14,316 2.Punjab National Bank---3,79,588---------------5,739 3.Bank of Baroda--------- 3,84,871---------------3,992 4.Canara Bank----------- 3,27,054 --------------3,631 5.Bank of India ------------3,18,216 -------------4,021 Private Sector Banks

1.ICICI Bank --------------2,55,500 ------------2,780 2. HDFC Bank -------------2,46,706 ---------- 2,186 3. Axis Bank---------------2,20,104---------- 1,657 4. Jammu and Kashmir Bank--53,347 -------555 5. Federal Bank-------------48,937 -------956 Foreign Banks 1. HSBC -------------61,423------------ 50 2. Citi Bank -------------64,697 -----------43 3. Standard Chartered Bank --63,968 ---------95 4. Royal Bank of Scotland and NVC-13,039 ----31 5. Deutsche Bank ----------16,842 --------15 What is the most common soil in sea water= Sodium chloride General Knowledge Question Answer 1 The first President of Bangladesh was ans-Sheikh Mujibur Rahman 2 The longest river in the world is the ans- Nile 3 The longest highway in the world is the ans- Trans-Canada 4 The longest highway in the world has a length of About ans- 8000 km 5 The highest mountain in the world is the ans-Mount Everest 6 The country that accounts for nearly one third of the total teak production of the world is ansMyanmar 7 The biggest desert in the world is the ans-Sahara desert 8 The largest coffee growing country in the world is ans-Brazil 9 The country also known as "country of copper" is ans- Zambia 10 The name given to the border which separates Pakistan and Afghanistan

is ans-Durand line 11 The river Volga flows out into the ans-Caspian sea 12 The coldest place on the earth is Verkoyansk in ans-Siberia 13 The country which ranks second in terms of land area is ans- Canada 14 The largest Island in the Mediterranean sea is ans- Sicily 15 The river Jordan flows out into the ans-Dead sea 16 The biggest delta in the world is the ans-Ganges Delta 17 The capital city that stands on the river Danube is ans- Belgrade 18 The Japanese call their country as ans- Nippon 19 The length of the English channel is ans-564 kilometres 20 The world's oldest known city is ans- Damascus 21 The city which is also known as the City of Canals is ans-Venice 22 The country in which river Wangchu flows is ans- Myanmar 23 The biggest island of the world is @ns-Greenland 24 The city which is the biggest centre for manufacture of automobiles in the world is ansDetroit, USA 25

The country which is the largest producer of manganese in the world is ans-China & South Africa 26 The country which is the largest producer of rubber in the world is ans- Malaysia 27 The country which is the largest producer of tin in the world is ans- China 28 The river which carries maximum quantity of water into the sea is the ans- Amazon River 29 The city which was once called the `Forbidden City' was ans- Peking 30 The country called the Land of Rising Sun is ans-Japan 31 Mount Everest was named after ans- Sir George Everest 32 The volcano Vesuvius is located in ans-Italy 33 The country known as the Sugar Bowl of the world is ans-Cuba 34 The length of the Suez Canal is ans-162.5 kilometers 35 The lowest point on earth is ans-The coastal area of Dead sea 36 The Gurkhas are the original inhabitants of ans-Nepal 37 The largest ocean of the world is the ans-Pacific ocean 38 The largest bell in the world is the Tsar Kolkol at ans-Kremlin, Moscow 39 The biggest stadium in the world is ans-the Strahov Stadium, Prague 40 The world's largest diamond producing country is ans- South Africa

41 Australia was discovered by ans- James Cook 42 The first Governor General of Pakistan is ans- Mohammed Ali Jinnah 43 Dublin is situated at the mouth of ans-river Liffey 44 The earlier name of New York city was ans-New Amsterdam 45 The Eiffel tower was built by ans-Alexander Eiffel 46 The Red Cross was founded by ans-Jean Henri Durant 47 The country which has highest population density is ans-Monaco 48 The national flower of Britain is ans-Rose 49 Niagara Falls was discovered by ans-Louis Hennepin First Spacecraft in Space 1. Luna 2---Luna 2 was first spacecraft to make a landing on the moon. Launched by the USSR on 12 Sep 1959 it impacted the surface of the moon on 14.09.1959 2. Luna 3---Luna 3 was first space probe to photograph the far side or the dark side of the moon. It was launched by the USSR on 04 Oct 1959 3. Apollo 11---Apollo 11 was first spacecraft which landed the first humans, Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin on the moon. 4. Mariner 4---Mariner 4 was the first spacecraft to flyby Mars and also the first to return images of another planet. It was launched by the USA on 28.11.1964 5. Mariner 9 It was the first spacecraft to orbit another planet - Mars. It was launched by the USA on 30.05.1971 6. Pioneer 10---Pioneer 10 was the first spacecraft to reach the planet Jupiter. It was launched by the USA on 02.03.1972 and reached closest to Jupiter on 04.12.1973. In 1983, Pioneer 10 became the first spacecraft to travel past the orbit of the most distant planet, Neptune. 7. Galileo---Galileo launched by the USA on 18.10.1989 was the first spacecraft to flyby an asteroid, 951 Gaspra. It also discovered Dactyl, a moon of the asteroid Ida. The spacecraft was the first to orbit Jupiter in December 1995.

8. Mariner 10--- Launched on 03.11.1973, Mariner 10 was the first spacecraft to flyby Mercury. 9. Messenger---Messenger was the first spacecraft to orbit Mercury. It was launched by the USA on 03.08.2004, it entered the orbit of Mercury on 18.03.2011 10. Helios 2---Helios 2 launched on 15.01.1976 was a joint venture of the United States and West Germany. It set the record for being closest spacecraft to the Sun, at a distance of 43.432 million kilometers on 17 April 1976. 11. Voyager 1---Voyager 1 launched on 05.09.1977 by NASA, to study solar system and interstellar medium, became the first man-made object to enter the interstellar space on 25 August 2012. (This was confirmed by NASA in Sep 2013). Q. Who was the first indian woman to climb the Mount Everest ==23 May 1984, Bachendri pal reached the summit of Mount Everest, Important CURRENT AFFAIRS : 14th September, 2013 1. Hindi Diwas is being observed all over the country on Saturday as President Pranab Mukherjee gave away Official Language Awards for outstanding contributions made towards promotion of Hindi language. Hindi was adopted as a language for official transaction by the constituent assembly on 14th September 1949. 2.BJP students' wing ABVP has won three out of the four top posts in Delhi University Students Union elections. ABVP candidate Aman Awana was elected President while Utkarsh Chaudhary, Raju Rawat were elected as vice-president and joint secretary respectively. Karishma Thakur of National Students Union of India, NSUI, has been elected as the secretary. The elections were held yesterday. 3. The industrial output for July grew by 2.6 percent over the corresponding month of the previous year, government data showed on Thursday; The factory output, measured in terms of Index of Industrial Production (IIP), however, contracted 2.2 percent in June. 4. The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has decided to offer two-day funds to banks through the marginal standing facility (MSF). The MSF window will be open on Saturday between 5 p.m. and 5.30 p.m. Funds will be repayable on Monday, i.e. on September 16. 5. The government approved the proposal of Rs 700 crore capital infusion in Export-Import Bank of India to support future growth of the lender. 6. Japan successfully launched a new rocket Saturday that it hopes will be a cheaper and more efficient way of sending satellites into space. The threestage Epsilon lifted off from a space centre on Japans southern main island of Kyushu, following a twoweek postponement. The Epsilon is the first new rocket design for Japan since the H2A was introduced in 2001. 7.US and Russia agree that Syria's chemical weapons must be destroyed or removed by mid-2014. 8. The brown Chihuahua named Miracle Milly is the world's smallest dog, Guinness World Records announced. She is shorter than a soup can, standing at 3.8 inches (9.65 centimeters) tall when measured from backbone to paw.

9. The Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) has launched a deep ultraviolet (DUV) solid-state laser device, making the country first-ever in the world to possess such technology. 10. The Government has appointed M.K. Goel, who is also the Director (Commercial), as the Chairman and Managing Director of Power Finance Corporation Ltd (PFC). 11. Hollywood writer-director-actor Woody Allen will be honoured with the Cecil B DeMille Award at the 71st Annual Golden Globe Awards to be held in January next year. 12. A project with funds provided by the Asian Development Bank (ADB) would overhaul the entire 53year-old water supply system in Tripura capital Agartala, officials said here on Saturday. The ADB has recently sanctioned the Rs.130 crore project to replace the 408-km water supply pipelines, commissioned in 1960. 13. Union Minister for Industry and Commerce Anand Sharma has launched the Delhi-Mumbai Industrial Corridor project in Madhya Pradesh. At a function held in capital Bhopal, he also unveiled the foundation stone of National Institute of Design (NID). Person who recognized as Father/Mother of a subject : Father of Microscopy - Antonie Philips van Leeuwenhoek Father of Western Medicine - Hippocrates Father of Internet - Vint Cerf Father of the American Constitution - James Madison Father of the Indian Constitution - Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Father of Humanism - Francesco Petrarca Father of Geometry - Euclid of Alexandria Father of New France - Samuel de Champlain Father of Genetics - Gregor Mendel Father of the Green Revolution - Norman Ernest Borlaug Father of the Green Revolution in India - M.S Swaminathan Father of Scientific Management -Frederick Winslow Taylor Father of Biology - Aristotle Father of Evolution - Charles Darwin Father of Microbiology - Antonie van Leeuwenhoek Father of Nuclear Chemistry - Otto Hahn Father of Periodic Table - Dmitri Mendeleev Father of modern Medicine - Hippocrates Father of Modern Physics - Galileo Galilei Father of Modern Astronomy - Nicolaus Copernicus Father of Nuclear Physics - Ernest Rutherford Father of Nuclear Science - Marie Curie and Pierre Curie Father of Computer Science -George Boole and Alan Turing Father of American Football - Walter Camp Father of Walter Camp - Geoffrey Chaucer Father of modern Olympic - Pierre De Coubertin Father of of Numbers - Pythagoras Father of Botany - Theophrastus Father of Electricity - Benjamin Franklin Father of Electonics - Michael Faraday Father of Television - Vladimir K. Zworykin Father of Telephone - Alexander Graham Bell Father of Mobile Phone - Martin Cooper Father of Laptop - Bill Moggridge Father of Psychology - Sigmund Freud

 Father of Surgery - Sushruta Father of Plastic Surgery - Sir Harold Gillies Father of Ayurveda - Dhanwantari SCHEDULES IN CONSTITUTION OF INDIA : First Schedule deals with territories of 28 states and seven union territories of the Indian Union. Second Schedule deals with salaries, allowances etc. of President, Vice President, Speaker, Judges of Supreme Court and High Courts, Comptroller and Auditor General etc. Third Schedule of constitution prescribes the various forms of oath or affirmation which various incumbents have to take before assuming a public office. Fourth Schedule deals with seats allotted to various states and union territories in the Rajya Sabha (Council of States). Fifth Schedule deals with provision regarding administration and control of the scheduled areas. Sixth Schedule deals with provision regarding administration of tribal areas in the state of Assam, Meghalaya and Mizoram. Seventh Schedule details the subjects contained in the three lists - union list, state list and concurrent list, over which the Union and state governments enjoy authority. Eighth Schedule gives the list of 22 regional languages recognized by the original Constitution (Assamese, Bengali, Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Kashmiri, Malayalam, Marathi, Oriya, Punjabi, Sanskrit, Tamil, Telugu and Urdu) the 15th (Sindhi) was added by the 21st Amendment in 1967; and three viz Konkani, Manipuri, and Nepali were added by the 71st Amendment in 1992. In 2004 four more languages were added to the Eighth Schedule viz Bodo, Maithili, Santhali and Dogri. With this total number of regional languages increased to 22. Ninth Schedule covers land and tenure reforms; the accession of Sikkim with India. It may be reviewed by the courts. Tenth Schedule introduces the "Anti-defection" provisions for Members of Parliament and Members of the State Legislatures. Eleventh Schedule constituted for Panchayats, for rular development. Twelfth Schedule defines Powers, authority and responsibilities of Municipalities. Presidents of Indian National Congress (INC) (year and conferences where they elected) J. B. Kripalani 1947 Meerut Pattabhi Sitaraimayya 1948 & 49 Jaipur Purushottam Das Tandon1950 Nasik Jawaharlal Nehru1951 & 52 Delhi Jawaharlal Nehru1953 Hyderabad Jawaharlal Nehru1954 Calcutta U. N. Dhebar 1955 Avadi U. N. Dhebar 1956 Amritsar U. N. Dhebar 1957 Indore U. N. Dhebar 1958 Gauhati U. N. Dhebar 1959 Nagpur

Indira Gandhi 1959 Delhi Neelam Sanjiva Reddy1960 Bangalore Neelam Sanjiva Reddy1961 Bhavnagar Neelam Sanjiva Reddy1962 & 63 Patna K. Kamaraj1964 Bhubaneswar K. Kamaraj1965 Durgapur K. Kamaraj1966 & 67 Jaipur S. Nijalingappa1968 Hyderabad S. Nijalingappa1969 Faridabad Jagjivan Ram1970 & 71 Bombay Shankar Dayal Sharma1972 74 Calcutta Dev Kant Baruah1975 77 Chandigarh Indira Gandhi 1978 83 Delhi Indira Gandhi 1983-84 Calcutta Rajiv Gandhi1985-91 Bombay P. V. Narasimha Rao1992-96 Tirupati Sitaram Kesri 1997-98 Calcutta Sonia Gandhi 1998present Calcutta Important Articles of Indian Constitution Article 12 35---Specify the Fundamental Rights available Article 36-50----Specify the Directive Principles of state policy Article 51A--Specifies the Fundamental Duties of every citizen Article 80----Specifies the number of seats for the Rajya Sabha Article 81 ---Specifies the number of seats for the Lok Sabha Article 343--Hindi as official language Article 356---Imposition of Presidents Rule in states Article 370 ---Special status to Kashmir Article 395--Repeals India Independence Act & Government of India Act, 1935 ******National Emblem*********** 1. The National Emblem is an adaptation from the Sarnath Lion Capital of Ashoka. 2. The four smaller animals at the bottom of national emblem are horse and bull (visible) and lion and elephant (not visible). 3. The National Emblem was adopted by the Government of India on 26 January 1950. 4. 'Satyameva Jayate' inscribed below has been taken from the Mundaka Upanishad. *********National Anthem******* 1. The national anthem 'Jana Gana Mana' was first sung at Calcutta session of Indian National Congress in 1911, 27 Dec. 2. It was adopted by the Indian constitution on 24 Jan 1950. 3. Its English rendering has been given by Tagore himself. 4. The song was composed originally in Bengali by Rabindranath Tagore, the National Anthem is its Hindi version.

5. The complete song consists of five stanzas. The first stanza contains the full version of the National Anthem. 6. The playing time for full version of the song is 52 seconds. ***********National Song*********** 1. The national song Vande Mataram has been taken from Bankim Chandra Chatterjis Anand Math. 2. It was first sung at 1896 session of INC. 3. Its English rendering has been given by Shri Aurobindo. ********National Calendar************ 1. The national calendar based on the Saka Era was adopted on 22 Mar 1957. 2. Chaitra is the first month of the year whose 1st day falls on 22 March normally and on 21 March in a leap year. 3. The national calendar also has 365/366 days 4. Chaitra has 30 days normally and 31 days in a leap year. *******National Flag********** 1. The design of the national flag was adopted on 22 July 1947. 2. The ratio of width of the flag to its length is two to three. 3. The design of the wheel at the centre is taken from the abacus of the Sarnath Lion Capital of Ashoka. 4. The 'Dharmachakra' (wheel) at the centre has 24 spokes. 5. The display of the National Flag is governed by Flag Code of India, 2002, which took effect on 26 Jan 2002. 6. As per the provisions of the Flag Code of India, 2002, there shall be no restriction on the display of the National Flag by members of general public, private organisations, educational institutions, etc.,except to the extent provided in the Emblems and Names (Prevention of Improper Use) Act, 1950 and the Prevention of Insults to National Honour Act, 1971 and any other law enacted on the subject. ********Other National Symbols********* 1. The national bird is Peacock (Pavo cristatus) 2. The national fruit is Mango (Manigifera indica) 3. The national flower is Lotus (Nelumbo Nucipera Gaertn) 4. The national tree is Banyan (Ficus benghalensis) 5. The national animal is Tiger (Panthera tigris) 6. The national aquatic animal is River Dolphin (Platanista gangetica) 7. The national river is the Ganges Q--In which year Hindi announced as the National Language? [a] 31 December, 1974 [b] 10 July, 1950 [c] 14 September 1949 [d] None of these Ans Of 1 Q--10 July, 1950 Q. Chemical Name of 'OIL OF WINTER GREEN' ?? Ans: METHYL SALICYLATE (Methyl 2-hydroxybenzoate ) Q. My unforgettable memory is autobioography of .......... ? (Indian politician) ans: MAMTA BANARJEE Q.First human to born in Antarctica was ......?? Ans: EMILIO PALMA Q.KIEL CANAL connects which two seas ??

Ans : NORTH SEA & BALTIC SEA Q. Sargassa sea is located in (a) North Pacific Ocean (b) North Atlantic Ocean (c) North Sea (d) South Atlantic Ocean Ans: B Q. Rajkot city of Gujrat is situated on banks of.....Rivers.(BOTH NAMES) ?? ANS: AJI & NYaRI Q. A DNS translates a domain name into what? 1. Binary 2. Hex 3. IP 4. URL ANS: 3 Q. Where in India is the Cubbon Park located? (write city name or state) ANS: BANGLORE (INDIA) Q. Where is Fort William located? (State ) ANS: WEST BENGAL (KOLKATA) Q. Sunda Trench is situated at (A) Pacific Ocean (B) Indus Ocean (C) Atlantic Ocean (D) Arctic Ocean ANS: B Q. The disease due to lack of Vitamin E is called (A) blindness (B) Rickets (C) Problem in delivery of child (D) Ben-ben ANS: C Q. The appropriate meaning of Shankara is: (A) Mixed (B) Mahadev (C) Vishnu (D) None of these ANS: A Q. Jagar is a folk art form from which Indian state? (A) Goa (B) Rajasthan (C) Jammu and Kashmir (D) Madhya Pradesh ANS: A Q. The Kavadi Festival is celebrated in which Indian state? (A) Tamil Nadu (B) Maharashtra (C) Gujarat (D) Rajasthan (E) Bihar ANS: A Q. Clouds are found in [a] Ionosphere [b] Troposhere [c] Ozonosphere

[d] None of these ANS: B Q. The South China Sea separates the eastern and western part of which country? (A) Japan (B) Malaysia (C) Thailand (D) Singapore ANS: B Q. The geographical region of Saurashtra is a part of which Indian state? A) Gujarat (B) Assam (C) West Bengal (D) Bihar ANS: A Q. The temple, which is ca1led the Khajuraho of Assam is: [a] Kamakhya [b]Tirupatl balaji [c] Madan Kamdeva [d] Umananda ANS: C Q. What is the appropriate meaning of the word Pik? [a] Beetals Spite etc [b] Cockoo [c] Container [d] None of these ANS: B Q. Which Minor Rock Edict of Ashoka describes the conquest of Kalinga by Ashoka? (a) No. X (b) No. XI (c) No. XII (d) No. XIII ANS: D Q. Dhanvantri, a renowned physician of ancient-India, adorned the court of (a) Samudragupta (b) Ashoka (c) Chandragupta Vikramaditya (d) Kanishka ANS; C Q. Which of the following was the contemporary Bengal King during the time of Harsha of Kanauj? (i.A.S.1990) (a) Bhaskaravarman (b) Divakaramitra (c) Devagupta (d) Sasanka ANS; D Location of Wildlife Sanctuaries/National Parks (*These are listed in the World Heritage Sites by UNESCO) 1. Kaziranga National Park*---Golaghat/Nagaon (Assam) 2. Manas Tiger Sanctuary*---Barpeta (Assam)

3. Keoladeo National Park*---Bharatpur (Rajasthan) 4. Sundarbans Tiger Sanctuary*---24 Paraganas (West Bengal) 5. Bandhavgarh National Park---Shahdol (Madhya Pradesh) 6. Kanha National Park---Mandla ( Madhya Pradesh) 7. Dudwa National Park---Lakhimpur, Kheri (Uttar Pradesh) 8. Chandraprabha Sanctuary---Varanasi (Uttar Pradesh) 9. Corbett National Park---Nainital (Uttarakhand) 10. Rajaji National Park---Dehradun, Haridwar, Pauri Garhwal (Uttarakhand) 11. Dachigam National Park---Srinagar (Jammu & Kashmir) 12. Ranthambore Tiger Sanctuary---Sawai Madhopur (Rajasthan) 13. Ghatprabha Bird Sanctuary---Belgaum (Karnataka) 14. Bandipur National Park---Mysore (Karnataka) 15. Gir National Park--- Junagarh (Gujarat) 16. Nal Sarovar Bird Sanctuary---Ahmedabad (Gujarat) 17. Hazaribagh National Park---Hazaribagh (Jharkhand) 18. Nelapattu Bird Sanctuary---Nellore (Andhra Pradesh) 19. Mudumalai Sanctuary---Nilgiris (Tamilnadu) 20. Periyar Sanctuary---Idduki (Kerala) 21. Simlipal Tiger Sanctuary---Mayurbhanj (Odisha) 22. Gahirmatha Turtle Sanctuary---Kendrapara (Odisha) 23. Vikramshila Gangetic Dolphin Sanctuary---Bhagalpur (Bihar) 24. Silent Valley National Park---Palakkad, (Kerala) 25. Rani Jhansi Marine National Park---Andaman & Nicobar Is. 26. Campbell National Park---Andaman & Nicobar Islands 27. Galathea National Park---Andaman & Nicobar Islands 28. Mahatma Gandhi Marine National Park---Andaman & Nicobar Islands 1. 1st chief of Army Staff---General Rajendrasinhji 2. 1st Commander in chief of Indian Army---General KM Cariappa (later Field Marshal) 3. The chief of Army during 1971 war---Field Marshall SHFJ Maneckshaw 4. First Army Chief to become Field Marshall---Field Marshall SHFJ Maneckshaw 5. First Sikh to become the Chief of Army Staff---General JJ Singh 6. First Army Chief to die in harness ---General BC Joshi 7. First Chief of Naval Staff---Vice Admiral RD Katari 8. First Naval Chief to be removed from office---Admiral Vishnu Bhagwat 9. 1st Chief of Air Staff Air Marshall---Thomas Elmhirst 10. 1st Indian Chief of Air Staff Air Marshall---Subroto Mukherji 11. 1st Chief in the rank of Air Chief Marshall---Air Chief Marshall Arjan Singh 12. 1st Marshall of the Indian Air Force---Air Chief Marshall Arjan Singh 13. The Chief of Air Staff during 1971 war---Air Chief Marshall PC Lal 14. First Chief of Integrated Service Command---Lt Gen Pankaj S Joshi