patient with T2 squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder is best treated by : A- Radical radiotherapy B- Preoperative radiotherapy + radical cystectomy

+ urinary diversion C- Radical cystectomy + urinary diversion ^ D- Systemic chemotherapy The site of origin of prostate cancer is : A- Fibrous stroma. B- Peripheral zone. C- Transition zone D- Central zone. Nephrologic (glomerular) hematuria is due to A- Carcinoma of the bladder B- Acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis C- TCC of the renal pelvis D- Ureteral stone during radical cystectomy we remove all of the following except: A- Bladder and draining lymph nodes. B- Seminal vesicle sand prostate in men. C- Uterus adenexae and part of the vagina in women. D- Obturator internus muscle. A 4-mm stone in the pelvic ureter in a 30-year old woman without evidence of hydronephrosis or infection is best treated by: A- ureteroscopy. B- ESWL C- Open surgery. D- Conservative treatment. The term "superficial bladder tumor" includes all of the following stages except: A-Ta B-T2 C- T1 D- Tis Irritative voiding symptoms include all of the following except: A- Frequency ; B- Dysuria C- Interruption o f the stream D- Urgency E- None of the above