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INTERAKSI ANTAR SEL-SEL DAN LINGKUN 1) Sel - Sel 1) Sel - Matriks ekstraselular(Jaringan)
2005,RRE/AB,SITH ITB
2005,RRE/AB,SITH ITB
Basement membrane
Basement membrane Dermis Specialized cellcell contact Specialized cell substratum contact Reticular fiber Proteoglyc an Collagen fiber Cell surface receptor (integnn) Fibroblast Elastic fiber Dead cornified - cells Epidermis
Dividing cells
2005,RRE/AB,SITH ITB
Cronge in cytogwle101 org.anizalian Change ri riurneohilte ktwation 120. syinttesi klivabccol FtfklA synItiesIS (.
1 F
ire
if)
09!ielami
11_ \
A-
2005,RRE/AB,SITH ITB
Extracollular matrix
of exescellular elements that interact with each other and with the surfaces of scattered cells. The cells contain receptors that interact with extracellular materials.
2005,RRE/AB,SITH ITB
5 Er uc car .
Fmccion
EI:M.I. pl .1
INIMACELUILLIL RECEPr011Slao =Ea= I u la r Erro 1- bi nd i ng R cod L-ca . igna 1. From 1 i Fi d-solu 1:1 EIR E rE pcori For NO, m=roi d xi= or n a n6.113rp Ed. na n po6r zma Ih ar rna 6 o m ii 0- and n a kcul= &or Ei d h 13 rmon E
IZEL L S LEREACE XECUTO:1:5 .11)113165:u6r '27=.' cri Bp r rcd ch crn kol ly CD a pc n or c6sc B i rric :Fnal =cracc I u 6 dr, =im l:D=. rco Fel rox i rum:climb rl 7
tic Lr o ro
Ph pip Iv] ry imi anoF Fraad n Lin irm Bp ki dc h E. rmorma, ro d =Ha i n th c rrcs
E i rcl i nerohi Fra 1 LE. rc = FE1 r al u:u:s GIP to 13 i nd 3 C. Frccc ii; C. Fr Dix ii, wi di a Chcniolly prEd Hu 1 ki p3 m. crwi . ri crn 1:rA nc ion c hal nc 1r Fr nizin fa rrn inEr x = n Eral pars FLoaym ic r E = Fix.raS 1.113 Ic-Fmx 17. r rncrn kr 3nc protein C-proccin-linkcd rox pal rr ti im n- FiC b 1 MT= 13. 3nc Fri:ad:I...id] cpmplanic lindliffsic far a pramin
P MEI CAL
C ELLS
Eh= ca m cria I. Cymn pl xcrn ic co m =i a ro icrwo:n Enw il 341i n 13 i ng ph n cod 1 wal I. =1133 od 1 in 3 dm= Corn ri u ri od rig j . rE don 1:cmo:n plunr=11. Sorb= 113 ri3131irr92rA 1 p rIrr i ni or 31rmaliFidr 6 =11mcribralc m3rlecr . 113h i jitnti Down] ma mci. an Ad hc rou i crudi c. r Tidy board, 1 = kp ro of, likros prandn %de &Es zurroundscd1 In to- na=1 i . ix 0 kwn E no of crozdx kkon i n ko:1 E. . c1/2 a iring onfmrirw =113. chromph Tra ro rn:rn 1:r3nc fi b ro La Frarcir S x Ersi . m crn krA nc co m = an Frkis cr=sdrga 'pipe I& nd Fy Eh c all OrEy n = ns i s n di co: lidds =Hz Eir dic r al di di s E msc ri s I pm= =me bu E MA billin the =IL Anclmring jonrdan: "linimne =1 . copc dxr Ana FE ri ns *di an: "r acie .= cra=1 1 ul a. m3cr ix El 9,1=1=1 1:1:1 n
Endokrin
(A) ENDOCRINE endocrine cell (C) NEURONAL .:13) PARACRINE 1-j1 CONTACT-DEPENDENT body
Crp r.r.:1
y MI
Imny-1-
DI dal
Jr
wrl
&Ls /
parakrin
Mediator local -*mempengaruhi sel target sekitar/ tetangga dirusak oleh suatu enzim ekstraselular atau diimobilisasi oleh ECM
Autokrin / (contact dependent) sel responsif terhadap substansi yang dihasilkan oleh sel itu sendiri atau sel sekitarnya Sinaptik(neuronal) Penyampaian sinyal dapat dilakukan dengan cara protein dari suatu sel berikatan langsung dengan protein lain pada sel lain.
2005,RRE/AB,SITH ITB
r1.10
itniro;drikl
rhy mid gland =v-rn Id doh, 31 haa or f mins Eli d.i Iva &C. or dx. xrnlno acld niI 1s, G.-E.. In PAW o;is
pram
an d I pl 1:1 traakdown. , I n W.:4 a nd C b MU 13 ICE sluarsc. u palkGr. p PDE-I r. cyn Mac C.. a n.:1 Ilpld
Incluciz. and ma In nins. laconclaly ma Iii -mum! h srac C.1 lc Eli MU 13 ICIS FN. 13 Ism 0 I 3-12f1 y r. I iypas d al-Peal:Pea. or rho!Ina [MP or el.:. am I no ac Id gluzrnk add E.:clamp/ ric.0 1 1 :4 ransrnh x many rid ya- musc Ego ran arr:I In o;-ninl ranctus -Arn 47:eceijc lc a cit' ri7A.9.21) n.-ras m na Is nGlya izirrinals Co nt.x1-4141F .k nd4cd 1).0.3 1p naIrE Hol4k LI KC. picep:cilya ra_rorel wirloas odwi dayG4oF4ne op!! rypt naightorIngc alb rn)m Ix-coming spachitaxl In E-anxi way ae- dx. Marla Ing rrarem.-mb rine pkaDln
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rn p ks oF ign el I
SITE F
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Hrtrrorss 3KINI al EI and Coe reo: Es dpi lyarly.por dx. xrnlno acid lykc E.Efold ida4 Pea i Pai or holirs El I E.E-ro idallyallya or c hola P:4 p;pildc Inc mix-1;E. ticod pasim:In Marc ram, and mcintoltm alPacc. ma-cbtol tin or piccire-. caitP)hyclraric-. ancl lipids In mcez dz-uce. I ncluc 4c. 3 nd M3 h d ns. -saconcla rfAl SCKLEI I
MI i SILK .:11G. 11 1:-11, AlyCOE01 IDICOICCFYATI
acInai al F arid
0Y3 y
tc o;i
pane rya s
maw ca4ti
..1K- 111111- blood v.F.ds E.r1 MU la 1.35 Idairn I and many celiac CA I - was ci p p:41I;fa
dte.oPail gas
raven
io pp :4 Ifera
prOIT101:66. E .1 I tit Sad CC canal') LI2ez4z- al ra_rorei p mcsas sweat' or rha4i sx1:4-1E. InhIbla cal Kona-Won:5 IMAMS gamanalulmr mahlx pircluclon
causas ygre.als ra dlaeu and bacoma- kaki. ha-ping is Inlam maim causes snximh mirm la Das io rabx: midis:al rawardylry ya i 1:+_r . c. Is I tz-Lpas ploraln pkeiin
Kebanyakan molekul sinyal dikeluarkan oleh sel dengan cara : eksositosis difusi (sekresOmelalui membran plasma, terikat pada permukaan sel pemberi signal
2005,RRE/AB,SITH ITB
Col
41
`Hormone
A
Cytosolic receptor Receptor-hormone complex Nucleus
140Wirdlo SIIIXITHNu9Cl2{!LL
prawn
Mrt-
1I
ErnRNA
r
el
kJ
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t i
MCVII1
vessel. 11:1! Sq.mre !reds leafing b (116:4-1 c the flood ye :A. iekased by Nerve kfrrin:. in the hixdAterw:el :Aid& entkepeli celk 1-t make and rekase
YJIKI
rhroi
HOCH2
+
HO OH I 0 P
0
HO
UDP-glucose
Glycogen synthase
HOCH2
HOCR2
-aH
'''\L/
OH
Glycogen (n + 1 residues}
Glycogen phosphorylase
HOCH,
HOCH,
ID
OH
VL/OLO HO
OH
Glucose 1-phosphate 0
(3 E \/ / a
OH OH Glycogen (n residues)
2005,RRE/AB,SITH ITB
4 peningkatan kontraksi otot 4 supply darah meningkat Pada sel otot polos intestin 4 relaksasi otot Pada sel otot polos saluran darah di ginjal, kulit, intestin4 reseptor lain receptor a2-adrenergik 4 arteri konstriksi
C)
2005,RRE/AB,SITH ITB
ti
111TRA CE L L
C C FrTOre
rn I h -tea phctic Fro
"
161I
ma
I ri nrcif
lu lar
2005,RRE/AB,SITH ITB
suiace
rereptoin, whkh F. ILrn genelak one or rnoielignalninnide I he tame! cel Cars hown in Figur- 36-71. IR. 5o4ne Email I ydrophobic nignal rnolewles, hy diHuse acres-s the iargetceIrspl.wma MIX-3 Fle a nd 21C I eraymes or hild iniracellular nxeptors--eiiher rr ihe cyke,o1 -shown) or in ihe nucleuE.
FIGUELE72
Crl urin-s. ra-mpLorf rocoroix& ooly.rpoiric molocul4..Signalmolcruks will hind an IF ra ch Lac is I wish a sh3ric info r.hi ih,7 co, 11 r ins BIT. i pl 3..i no rsrcp ro- r F i ro
2005,RRE/AB,SITH ITB
4 kelompok reseptor :
1.
Ligand - reseptor 4 aktifasi protein 6 4 aktivasi/hambat suatu enzim 4 mengaktivasi ion channel atau second messenger. Contoh : reseptor untuk epinefrin (B-adrenergic), serotonin, glukagon
2.
Ligand - reseptor 4 perubahan konformasi reseptor 4 aliran ion tertentu (K,Na,Ca,CI4 ubah potensial elektris pada membran sel. eg reseptor asetilkolin
3.
Reseptor tidak memiliki aktivitas katalitik. Ligand - reseptor 4 stimulasi dimerisasi reseptor 4 interaksi dengan protein tirosin kinase pada sitosol. Contoh : faktor tumbuh
4.
Reseptor memiliki aktivitas katalitik intrinsik. Ligand - reseptor 4 katalisasi GTP 4 cGMP atau berperan sebagai protein fosfatase 4 mengkatalisasi pelepasan fosfat dari dari fosfotirosin
RECEPTORPROTEIN
INTRACELLULNRCIGNALINGPR CTEI
TARGET PROTEINS
me talxligene regulatory cytoskele enzyme proteinprotein
altered metabolism
Inisiasi
-
Sinyal berikatan dengan reseptor /ligan : "Enzyme-linked" & Protein G Sinyal4 ligand 5 transformasi sinyal ke morekul lain :"second messenger": C-AMP & Calcium
Amplifikasi
-
Amplifikasi sinyal yang diterima:"cascades"protein kinase bistribusi sinyal untuk pengaruhi beberapa efek secara paralel
2005,RRE/AB,SITH ITB
Ncli
q NI g I rn-:-
ul
Frei
nr
D
TIO N
N LK U
Ilya!
p 3r):
ic
Foldy lc
in:yrroa
F isu re 1G-24 A
lo i he
imini? of a InK.Imonenets mil ler ieceplor can lead to of aclen yl cyclaSe and a intracellular cyclic MelF! In the cylcc.:.I.
cyclic X.F.13 21C I ivate-3 M.A. which !hen rrr:ore 3 ink the nucle-u-s and phcrsphory later specilk ne regulatory ppateins-. Once Incc-phory la led. these- pcoleint-stimula IFee transcription al a -sei ul st-re-r.. This lype- oF Agnaing pathway controls many pm.ce-rz-e-s ransin:g 1011-1 FIcimone Eynthesit% in endocrine- cells lc. the pp:duclion oF irrrol %Red in lns-teirn memory Ine Aclirated
la
le and !hereby
legula le- ol her p-oteint-- and era ynnes lhe cylccA g:a-s in dicalecl by th e 1' .e-r
ACTH In c mos:. In hen nu nd I an rxdan &ago Im2k.Ixern L] I Ii kdmn cor I sol roman t5J hough a I Dr re diva I ma !Erni ps. Is al I-61 DIV
he.11110M ECIIT6' nnimsgs ED km 120:41% brri la l'AIPIrilEnkRIS a 19 ati) mai d ty
cycl k ANF:
Kelenj ar ludak
Lot 1 =Lung
Kontnami
ABotilkolin
I I ,ccoC11,CHNIC1-1,
g
s p D p t o t i c cel I
A.
1 sinyal 4 1 tipe reseptor aneka efek pada berbagai sel bentuk sel, pergerakan, metabolisme, ekspresi gen
B.
Setiap sel punya beraneka ragam reseptor spesifik untuk aneka sinyal sel memberi respon 4 misalkan efek untuk kelulusan hidup & diferensiasi
2005,RRE/AB,SITH ITB
Sintesa molekul sinyal oleh sel yang memberi sinyal Pelepasan molekul sinyal oleh sel yang memberi sinyal Transpor sinyal oleh sel target Pen9ikatan sinyal oleh reseptor spesifik yang menyebabkan aktivasi reseptor tersebut Inisiasi satu atau lebih jalur transduksi sinyal intrasel Perubahan spesifik fungsi, metabolisme, atau perkembangan sel
__,,._____----CELL TARGET
(
01
t ---------,'
Receptor protein Cellular response: activation of a gene and synthesis of new protein New protein Steroid hormone
ANIMASI :
to
intracellular receptors
- The steroid-receptor
complex binds to DNA,
protein is synthesized
(1)
protein in the plasma membrane (1) The receptor protein activates a signs
I Hormone (epinephrine) RECEPTOR PROTEIN
TARGET CELL
Plasma membrane
I----------
morn rams
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cic" (b) p trAve
por,Key ,
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1 Iispke,ph al 4.
Hud 446
Relay molecules
Cellular response
naun
aLmangirm rcrcror Linalm 133 a mignal 3nglihnmoh 3 C.prarrin, mvrrvchcmcnhrits.bomdcvymc. daulyd4claLThiarmtiincoy.JtizachcrirE ii.of r ti1P,whkfr kin& aothe cola chc .:166r i'LL:Th %lb:6m p:Elm3y. An cor3...clImbr rci=pixf Enka c 3nd. 3n.xhcr C rakloc..1croyinc phomphdipac C. Mil cnrynczciiinisci. ikK pmgluccic.n irmic.1 'did" linelo CO 3nel or ro colduoi .A11111{11 in ihr mirink.rarE cl.E nnekplmiir roiruhm. C3 dfr ...lino
MIMIC
SIGNAL MOLECULE
RECEPTOR ACTION
EFFECT
Valium and barbiturates y-aminobutyric acid (GABA)stimulate GABA-activated relief of anxiety; sedation ion-channellinked receptors acetylcholine stimulates acetylcholine-activated ion-channellinked receptors endorphins and enkephalinsstimulate G-proteinlinked opiate receptors acetylcholine inhibits acetylcholine-activated ion-channellinked receptors glycine blocks glycine-activated
ion-channellinked receptors Nicotine Morphine and heroin Curare Strychnine constriction of blood vessels; elevation of blood pressure analgesia (relief of pain); euphoria blockage of neuromuscular transmission, resulting in paralysis seizures and muscle spasm
I
2005,RRE/AB,SITH ITB
Emory- call coacolnx a Jpciin arryo1rArle4 r prouia. on ic.P furkoc Tliama ma rkan id4aciFy4scli ryp4 cacti! is a -ms 7 p r4 tha w zy.
FICURE7.14 ir um, ri of dn. imuixtlobulio F.:Lily oicill iurfk:a surkir Fain. T 3rEl E all rusFica kip richrt chs irrrnurc rapmE in orEprirra by nsq3nOin!mi kindriBN kaign oil rrcrkaz MEE NI ciBcm 131x1 allz 3:c 'Klf.' m chz clic inminc Flicrn 3 MIAS anIF irrradingcrtib, luch E. Ixrixii rim; rd ilanllysisn Lim all of IrriThrial arBril!
2005,RRE/AB,SITH ITB
Tiap sel memiliki molekul marker : menentukan identitas "cell-tissue specific", sehingga sel lain yang kontak dapat mengenali marker tersebut. Macam marker :
1.
Glikolipid : umum pada permukaan sel, mis: gol.darah Protein "Majorhistocompatibility complex"(MHC) untuk membedakan "self" dengan "non-self",eg. imunoglobulin
2.
FECLIELE7. L.
2005,RRE/AB,SITH ITBTin clina 9,Fa.p of rill junccionr. Than chrcc int-ichrcprvsni ..irrcnc chinkinEi an hvo. an luncurn of the cErcc mkt i!.pci. af rdl junakro. laciicsc chOr funaim: (r) OBI% nacbn; (6) 3nchuring juscion; 6.) rprimmnicnino junccian.
B. -berikatan dengan filamen intermediat i. sel-sel (desmosom) i. sel-matriks (hemidesmosom) 3. Communicating junction Gap junctions Chemical synapses Plasmodesmata (pada tumbuhan)
LuTpiin
a. b. a.
lowialAitliiliit,.
,..
Magna rwritcri 6
ib)ArmhortiEll
(a)
is i no
luidl on
Tight junctions : menghubungkan mbr plasma sel yg bersebelahan 1. barier selektif permeabilitas:mempertahankan perbedaan komposisi cairan pada sisi sel yang berbeda 1. transmembran protein : claudin & ocludin 2. fungsi : -Men jags komposisi seny. dlm rongga saluran / lumen -Transport nutrisi secara selektif Tight junction antara sel epitel berperan untuk mencegah difusi : 1. barrier untuk difusi protein membr antara domain apical dan membran basolateral
BLOOD
2. mencegah kebocoran
P.1
tight j u n c t i o n
plasma membranes of adjacent cells intercellular passive4glucose carrie protein basoleteral s u r f a c e LOW LOW
space
2005,RRE/AB,SITH ITB
Figure 19-2 The role of tight junctions in transcellular transport. Transport proteins are confined
to different regions of the plasma membrane in epithelial cells of the small intestine. This segregation permits a vectorial transfer of nutrients across the epithelial sheet from the gut lumen to the blood. In the example shown, glucose is actively transported into the cell by Na*-driven glucose symports at the apical surface, and it diffuses out of the cell by facilitated diffusion mediated by glucose carriers in the basolateral membrane. Tight junctions are thought to confine the transport proteins to their appropriate membrane domains by acting as diffusion barriers within the lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane; these junctions also block the backflow of glucose from the basal side of the epithelium into the gut
B LO O D
Anchoring junctions :
1. 2.
banyak pada sel yang mendapatkan stress mekanik ie.kulit/otot menghubungkan sitoskelet sel dengan sel lain atau dengan ECM
1. 2. 3.
Ada 3 jenis :
Adherens junctions 4 Filamen aktin besmosom 4 filamen intermediate Hemidesmosom
extracellular matrix
drawing of how such junctions join cytoskeletal filaments from cell to cell and from cell to extracellular matrix.
microvilli extending from apical surface tight junction bundle of actin filaments lateral plasma membranes of adjacent epithelial cells
Figure 19-8 Adhesion belts between epithelial cells in the small intestine. This beltlike anchoring junction encircles each of the interacting cells. Its most obvious feature is a contractile bundle of actin filaments running along the cytoplasmic surface of the junctional plasma membrane. The actin filaments are joined from cell to cell by transmembrane linker proteins (cadherins), whose extracellular domain hinds to the extracellular domain of an identical cadherin molecule on the adjacent cell (see Figure 19-7).
veil hNS liecii rtaiuod wish . iluureoeentantibudiamrevealIl1101460iI 1k Mill li1S111.itrr4y.grtcn) and dic integnm (real.The Luepiniareb , Plized in small pighen (hit wtopundlu the ritc of roalli, herionni (h/The cyroplarmic surlace my lined 4betionkie oliwd ophibim crll isdrown here hrihe innereinfraell the membrane wir rinirpidaninen,deinp.eniinely r k. bundles of nibsolibinaema are gen ronaaarinieteik ik inner surface of Me menihme in the regien nja Swat inbinkr (al Salicimilindrawimr of
biluyer, The binding of mmelbdui bolik yell ONFII Alld itrunectin, is lhoughr indua changes bi the ryillaninie CIMINIM1/ of the inkgrin that egg. the inregrinr to become linked rri pplig 56111Mh orrhcey. hq,bdrob. Linkages with Ilic,...ycolikelekon lead, ;II NMI, ED lb ElthRling 11111141t11 MAI Linbagrr with thery tuskeleton arc rn eclided by Yariaila da6n hbuf qk rokba.,01 as olio and a,laioin,tbalbind in Ili b ednnlildlhrlmrpM The eytor 'amnia domain, ntegrinsareahuassk'ialedwlh ed FA UivalioikinauJ.'I'heat .The rachirenronrhe inreArin In yn tNifoolbild bgaud can dicit pmtcin k oases and start o chin rpo rant that tannin
Adherens junctions
adherens junctions sel/ sel : adhesion belt/zonula adherens - dekat ujung apeks sel, di bawah tight junctions, Filamen : aktin - protein pengikat trans membran : cadherin4mol. adhesi bergantung Ca2+ : gen yg mengatur "nasib" sel - protein pelekatan intracellular: catenin, vinculin, aactinin, platoglobin
distribution of desmosomrs and hemIdesmounues In iheltrahllrilint. he keratin Olarnrnl IICIWOrki of ildireerb contreered rra one anolhcr hrough dinrnsisurrinS rains ititiniKb k7unudvsnifiNdEneS. MAI
adherens junctions sel / matriks: Focal contacts/adhesion plaques - protein pengikat trans membr: integrin(>20) - protein pelekatan intraselular: talin,a-actinin, vinculin - Filamen : aktin
2005,RRE/AB,SITH ITB
Plaque containing protein plectin Cytoplasm Plasma membrane BP18O Intermediate filaments
101
Figure 7.18 Hemidesmosomes are differentiated sites at the basal surfaces of epithelial cells where the cells are attached to the underlying basement membrane. (a) Electron micrograph of several hemidesmosomes showing the dense plaque on the inner surface of the plasma membrane and the intermediate filaments projecting into the cytoplasm. (b) Schematic diagram showing the major components of a hemidesmosome connecting the epidermis to the underlying dermis. The ot,p,
integrin molecules of the epidermal cells are linked to cytoplasmic intermediate filaments by a protein called plectin that is present in the dark-staining plaque and to the basement membrane by anchoring filaments of a particular type of laminin. A second transmembrane protein (8P180) is also present in hemidesmosomes. The collagen fibers arc part of the underlying dermis. (A:
FROM DOUGLAS E. KELLY, J. CELL BIOL. 28:51, 1966; BY COPYRIGHT nILMJSSION OF THE ROCKEFELLER UNIVERSITY PRESS.)
besmosom hemidesmosom: menarik dan mengikat sangat kuat penyebaran tekanan melalui epitel ke ECM di bawahnya 2.besmosorn: sel - sel , - anchoring sites untuk filamen intermediate - trans membr linker protein: cadherin 3.Hemidesmosorn:sel- ECM - Filamen intermediate : keratin - Transmembran protein : integrin
2005,RRE/AB,SITH ITB
( a ) I n t h i s m o d e l . a gap junction is a cluster of channels between two plasma membranes that are separated by a gap of about 2-3 nm. (b) B o t h m e m b r a n e s c o n t a i n c o n n e x i o n n e r n i c h a n n e l s , c y l i n d e r s o f six dumbbell-shaped connexin subunits. (c1 Each connexin subunit has four transroembrane ay- helices Two connexons join in the gap between the cells to form a gap-junction channel. 1.5 2.0 nm in diameter.
.a FIGURE 22-8 Structure of gap junctions.
itar
eb}
F i g r u 7 . 4 . T h e L a c a l i z a t i c n i o f e a t l h e i r i n s i n s y n a l p r i c j i a t i c t-i tts- (ea) D ne tech n:..gtie to localize a protein thin a seheel1Llar region is to incubate tissue sections with labeled an rihndies !prepared a_gair -i,t that protein_ In this electron rraicr -oK-rapEt. a section through a s -saapse in a mouse brain has been incubated antibodies Chlack grains) a h,ar bind ro a praecadherin. The protocadhe ri Locali,ed within the central region of the si.tiaptie Kinction. (A) _A. model ofa syriapific in -whack-, classical cadherifly-hi ck contain five extracellnlat -mains) are situated at the edges of the s. -napse where they -are tlaouerht to pro-..ide adhesion herween the nne-- and po.ts1tiap6r. membranes_ Protric ad ben (-which contain six eiciracellulae mains) are present in the center of the synapse chew are El-Nonni-it to nne--diate speeifielev - in the interaction between the rwo rare NICILECC7,31 r rr r 171
-
Communicating Junctions : komunikasi sitoplasma Iangsung dgn sel sek Gap junctions : antara sel-sel
- transmembran protein: connexon4tdr atas 6 connexin - dapat dilalui oleh ion anorganik dan molekul larut air < 1000 ba, mis.gula sederhana, as amino - menyampaikan sinyal elektris dan kimiawi : mis kerusakan sel & sinaps Pd tumbuhan : plasmodesmata
Synaptic junction
2005,RRE/AB,SITH ITB
of the
1111.111.12.0.411_
integral membrane proteoglycan integrins d e s m o s o m e (cadherins}
HESION
2005,RRE/AB,SITH ITB
j u n c t i o n a l a n d n o n j u n c t i o n a l adhesive mechanisms used by animal cells in binding to one another and to the extracellular matrix.
The junctional mechanisms are shown in epithelial cells, while the nonjunctional mechanisms are shown in nonepithelial cells. A junctional interaction is operationally defined as one that can be seen as a specialized region of contact by conventional and/or freeze-fracture electron microscopy. Note that the integrins and cadherins are involved in both nonjunctional and junctional cell-cell (cadherins) and cell-matrix (integrins) contacts. The cadherins generally mediate homophilic interactions, whereas the integrins mediate heterophilic interactions (see Figure 19-26). Both the cadherins and integrins act as transmembrane linkers and depend on extracellular divalent cations to function; for this reason, most cell-cell and cell-matrix contacts are divalent-cationdependent. The selectins and integrins can also act as heterophilic cell-cell adhesion molecules: the selectins bind to carbohydrate, while the cellbinding integrins bind to members of the immunoglobulin superfamily. The integrins and integral membrane proteoglycans that mediate nonjunctional adhesion to the extracellular matrix are discussed later.
Extracellullar matrix
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Figure 7.5 An overview of the macromolecular organization oldie extracellular matrix. The proteins and polysaccharides shown m this illustration will he discussed in the following sections. The proteins depicted (tihroneetin, collagen, and lamirin) contain binding sites the one another, as well as binding silo ft receptors (integrins) that are located at the cell surface. The pro teoglvcans are huge protein-polysaccharide completes that N. copy much of the volume of the extracellular space.
suatu matriks di luar sel yang berbatasan dengan membran plasma. materi pengemas yang inert ECM eg. Tendon, tulang lunak, stroma kornea
berperan dalam menentukan bentuk dan aktivitas sel. mempertahankan kondisi sel yang telah terdiferensiasi dan mempertahankan kemampuan sel untuk menghasilkan produknya
2005,RRE/AB,SITH ITB
Laminin
Entestin A FIGURE 22-20 Model of the
(EP MUAda iat Epithelial sheer LUMEN Basal lamina Connective ties Lie Connective tisane Basal lemMa Epithelial cell a membrane Basal laming Lel Kidney glomarulue BL000 URINE
Endothelial eel
la, bi The basal laminae associated with endothelial cells and muscle cells separate these cells from the underlying or surrounding connective tissue_ (c) In the kidney gLernerulus, both the endothelium lining the capillanes and the epithelium lining the urinary space form a basal lamina. Thus the fused basal
lamina between them is about twice as thick as that in other tissues. Because both cell sheets have gaps in them, this basal lamina is exposed to both the blood and the urine apexes and acts to filter capillary blood, forming in the urinary space a filtrate that ultimately becomes wine. Adapted from B Alberts at al., 1994, Molecular Biology of the Cell, 3d ad, Garland. p 9091
Mengelilingi sel otot dan sel lemak & di bawah jar. epitel, serta sel-sel endotelium
tempat pelekatan sel; substrat untuk migrasi sel membatasi jaringan dalam
suatu organ, sebagai suatu barier makromolekul & untuk invasi sel ke suatu jaringan
2005,RRE/AB,SITH ITB