3/25/2013

Engineering Mechanics Statics

9.01

Center of Gravity and Centroid

Engineering Mechanics Statics

9.02

Center of Gravity and Centroid

09. Center of Gravity and Centroid

Chapter Objectives To discuss the concept of the center of gravity, center of mass, and the centroid To show how to determine the location of the center of gravity and centroid for a system of discrete particles and a body of arbitrary shape To use the theorems of Pappus and Guldinus for finding the surface area and volume for a body having axial symmetry To present a method for finding the resultant of a general distributed loading and show how it applies to finding the resultant force of a pressure loading caused by a fluid

HCM City Univ. of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering

Nguyen Tan Tien

HCM City Univ. of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering

Nguyen Tan Tien

Engineering Mechanics Statics

9.03

Center of Gravity and Centroid

Engineering Mechanics Statics

9.04

Center of Gravity and Centroid

1. Center of Gravity, Center of Mass, and the Centroid of a Body - To design the structure for supporting a water tank, we will need to know the weights of the tank and water as well as the locations where the resultant forces representing these distributed loads are acting - How can we determine these weights and their locations?

1. Center of Gravity, Center of Mass, and the Centroid of a Body Center of Gravity - A body is composed of an infinite number of particles of differential size and each of these particles have a weight - These weights will form a parallel force system, and the resultant of this system is the total weight of the body, which passes through a single point called the center of gravity, - Center of gravity: the point at which the entire weight of a body may be considered as concentrated so that if supported at this point the body would remain in equilibrium in any position

HCM City Univ. of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering

Nguyen Tan Tien

HCM City Univ. of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering

Nguyen Tan Tien

Engineering Mechanics Statics

9.05

Center of Gravity and Centroid

Engineering Mechanics Statics

9.06

Center of Gravity and Centroid

1. Center of Gravity, Center of Mass, and the Centroid of a Body - The weight of the body: the sum of the weights of all of its particles = - The location (, , ) = = = of the center of gravity

1. Center of Gravity, Center of Mass, and the Centroid of a Body Center of Mass of a Body - The location of the center of mass with respect to the ,, axes Substitute = to = , = , = = , = , =

- The location of the center of gravity with respect to the ,, = , = , =

HCM City Univ. of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Nguyen Tan Tien HCM City Univ. of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Nguyen Tan Tien

3/25/2013

Engineering Mechanics Statics

9.07

Center of Gravity and Centroid

Engineering Mechanics Statics

9.08

Center of Gravity and Centroid

1. Center of Gravity, Center of Mass, and the Centroid of a Body Center of a Volume - The center of a volume or centroid or geometric center of the body with respect to the ,, axes Substitute = to = , = , = =

1. Center of Gravity, Center of Mass, and the Centroid of a Body Center of an Area

, =

, =

- If an area lies in the plane and is bounded by the curve = (), then its Centroid , = , = - These integrals can be evaluated by performing a single integration if we use a rectangular strip for the differential area element

HCM City Univ. of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering

Nguyen Tan Tien

HCM City Univ. of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering

Nguyen Tan Tien

Engineering Mechanics Statics

9.09

Center of Gravity and Centroid

Engineering Mechanics Statics

9.10

Center of Gravity and Centroid

1. Center of Gravity, Center of Mass, and the Centroid of a Body Center of a Line

1. Center of Gravity, Center of Mass, and the Centroid of a Body - Example 9.1 Locate the centroid of the rod bent into the shape of a parabolic arc Solution Differential Element: arbitrary point (,) Area: = 2 / = 2 = ()2 +()2 = Moment Arms: = , = Integrations =

+ 1

- If a line segment lies within the plane and it can be described by a thin curve = (), then its Centroid , = , =

=
HCM City Univ. of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Nguyen Tan Tien

1 1 2 42 + 1 42 + 1 0.6063 0 = 01 = = 0.41 1 1.479 42 + 1 42 + 1 0 0 1 42 + 1 0.8484 = 01 = = 0.574 1.479 42 + 1 0

Nguyen Tan Tien

HCM City Univ. of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering

Engineering Mechanics Statics

9.11

Center of Gravity and Centroid

Engineering Mechanics Statics

9.12

Center of Gravity and Centroid

1. Center of Gravity, Center of Mass, and the Centroid of a Body - Example 9.2 Locate the centroid of the circular wire segment Solution Polar coordinates will be used to solve this problem since the arc is circular Differential Element: arbitrary point ( ,) Area: = Moment Arms: = , = Integrations =

/2 0 /2 0 /2 0 /2 0

/2 0 /2 0 /2 0 /2 0

2
Nguyen Tan Tien

1. Center of Gravity, Center of Mass, and the Centroid of a Body - Example 9.3 Determine the distance measured from the axis to the centroid of the area of the triangle Solution Differential Element Arbitrary element (,) at Area: = = ( ) Moment Arms: = Integrations 1 2 1 0 = = =6 = 1 3 0 2
HCM City Univ. of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Nguyen Tan Tien

HCM City Univ. of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering

3/25/2013

Engineering Mechanics Statics

9.13

Center of Gravity and Centroid

Engineering Mechanics Statics

9.14

Center of Gravity and Centroid

1. Center of Gravity, Center of Mass, and the Centroid of a Body - Example 9.4 Locate the centroid for the area of a quarter circle Solution Polar coordinates will be used Differential Element (, ,) Area: = = 2
2 3 1 2 1 2 2 3

Moment Arms: = , = Integrations = = =

/2 0

1. Center of Gravity, Center of Mass, and the Centroid of a Body - Example 9.5 Locate the centroid for the area Solution 1 Differential Element Arbitrary element (, ) at Area: = Moment Arms: = , = /2 Integration =

/2 0

2 2 2 3 2 =3 2 /2 0 2 2 2 2 3 2 =3 2 /2 0 2

/2 0 /2 0 /2 0 /2 0

4 = 3 4 = 3

1 1 3 0.250 0 = 0 = = 0.75 1 1 2 0.333 0 0 1 1 2 (/2) ( /2) 2 0.100 0 = 0 1 = 1 0.333 2 0 0

= 0.3

HCM City Univ. of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering

Nguyen Tan Tien

HCM City Univ. of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering

Nguyen Tan Tien

Engineering Mechanics Statics

9.15

Center of Gravity and Centroid

Engineering Mechanics Statics

9.16

Center of Gravity and Centroid

1. Center of Gravity, Center of Mass, and the Centroid of a Body - Example 9.5 Locate the centroid for the area Solution 2 Differential Element Arbitrary element (1 ,) at (, ) Area: = (1 ) Moment Arms: = + Integration =
1 2

1+ 2

1 [ 0

1 + /2](1 )

1 (1 ) 0 1 1 (1 ) 0 0 = 1 1 (1 ) 0 0

=
3

0.250 = 0.75 0.333 = 0.100 = 0.3 0.333

Nguyen Tan Tien

2 1

1. Center of Gravity, Center of Mass, and the Centroid of a Body - Example 9.6 Locate the centroid of the semi-elliptical area Solution Differential Element Arbitrary element ( ,) Area: = Moment Arms: = , = /2 Integration = 0 2 2 2 1 4/3 (1 ) 2 4 2 2 = = = = = 0.424 2 2 2 2 1 2 4

HCM City Univ. of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering

HCM City Univ. of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering

Nguyen Tan Tien

Engineering Mechanics Statics

9.17

Center of Gravity and Centroid

Engineering Mechanics Statics

9.18

Center of Gravity and Centroid

1. Center of Gravity, Center of Mass, and the Centroid of a Body - Example 9.7 Locate the centroid for the paraboloid of revolution Solution Differential Element Arbitrary element: thin disk Volume: = 2 Moment Arms: = Integration = 0 =

100 (2 ) 0 100 (2 ) 0

100 100

100 2 0 100 0

1. Center of Gravity, Center of Mass, and the Centroid of a Body - Example 9.8 Determine the location of the center of mass of the cylinder if its density varies directly with the distance from its base, i.e., = 200/3 Solution Differential Element Arbitrary element: disk element thickness Volume: = 0.52 Moment Arms: = Integration = 0, = 0 =

= 66.7

1 200 [ 0.52 ] 0 1 200 [ 0.52 ] 0

1 2 0 1 0

= 0.667

HCM City Univ. of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering

Nguyen Tan Tien

HCM City Univ. of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering

Nguyen Tan Tien

3/25/2013

Engineering Mechanics Statics

9.19

Center of Gravity and Centroid

Engineering Mechanics Statics

9.20

Center of Gravity and Centroid

Fundamental Problems - F9.1 Determine the centroid ( , ) of the shaded area

Fundamental Problems - F9.2 Determine the centroid ( , ) of the shaded area

HCM City Univ. of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering

Nguyen Tan Tien

HCM City Univ. of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering

Nguyen Tan Tien

Engineering Mechanics Statics

9.21

Center of Gravity and Centroid

Engineering Mechanics Statics

9.22

Center of Gravity and Centroid

Fundamental Problems - F9.3 Determine the centroid of the shaded area

Fundamental Problems - F9.4 Locate the center mass of the straight rod if its mass per unit length is given by = 0 (1 + 2 /2 )

HCM City Univ. of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering

Nguyen Tan Tien

HCM City Univ. of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering

Nguyen Tan Tien

Engineering Mechanics Statics

9.23

Center of Gravity and Centroid

Engineering Mechanics Statics

9.24

Center of Gravity and Centroid

Fundamental Problems - F9.5 Locate the centroid of the homogeneous solid formed by revolving the shaded area about the axis

Fundamental Problems - F9.6 Locate the centroid of the homogeneous solid formed by revolving the shaded area about the axis

HCM City Univ. of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering

Nguyen Tan Tien

HCM City Univ. of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering

Nguyen Tan Tien

3/25/2013

Engineering Mechanics Statics

9.25

Center of Gravity and Centroid

Engineering Mechanics Statics

9.26

Center of Gravity and Centroid

2. Composite Body - A composite body consists of a series of connected simpler shaped bodies, which may be rectangular, triangular, semicircular, - Such a body can often be sectioned or divided into its composite parts and, provided the weight and location of the center of gravity of each of these parts are known - We can then eliminate the need for integration to determine the center of gravity for the entire body

2. Composite Body - The center of gravity of = , = , = , , : the coordinates of the center of gravity of the composite body : the weights of the composite parts of the body , , : the coordinates of the center of gravity of each composite part of the body - The Centroid for composite lines, areas and volumes can be found using relations analogous to the above one

HCM City Univ. of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering

Nguyen Tan Tien

HCM City Univ. of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering

Nguyen Tan Tien

Engineering Mechanics Statics

9.27

Center of Gravity and Centroid

Engineering Mechanics Statics

9.28

Center of Gravity and Centroid

2. Composite Body - Example 9.9 Locate the centroid of the wire

2. Composite Body - Example 9.9 Locate the centroid of the plate area

Solution

11310 5600 = = 45.5, = = = 22.5, 248.5 248.5 200 = = = 0.805 248.5 =

HCM City Univ. of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Nguyen Tan Tien

Solution Composite Parts: divide the wire into 3 segments Moment Arms: the centroid are located as indicated Summary 4 = = = 0.348 11.5 14 = = = 1.22 11.5
HCM City Univ. of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Nguyen Tan Tien

Engineering Mechanics Statics

9.29

Center of Gravity and Centroid

Engineering Mechanics Statics

9.30

Center of Gravity and Centroid

2. Composite Body - Example 9.10 Locate the center of mass of the assembly. The conical frustum has a density of and the hemisphere has a density of There is a 25-radius cylindrical hole in the center of the frustum Solution Composite Parts (1) + (2) (3) (4)

2. Composite Body Composite Parts: (1) + (2) (3) (4) Moment Arms: the centroid are located as indicated Summary

HCM City Univ. of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering

Nguyen Tan Tien

HCM City Univ. of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering

Nguyen Tan Tien

3/25/2013

Engineering Mechanics Statics

9.31

Center of Gravity and Centroid

Engineering Mechanics Statics

9.32

Center of Gravity and Centroid

2. Composite Body Composite Parts: (1) + (2) (3) (4) Moment Arms: the centroid are located as indicated Summary

Fundamental Problems - F9.7 Locate the centroid (, , ) of the wire bent in the shape

The center of mass = 0 = 0 45.815 = = = 14.6 3.142

HCM City Univ. of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering

Nguyen Tan Tien

HCM City Univ. of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering

Nguyen Tan Tien

Engineering Mechanics Statics

9.33

Center of Gravity and Centroid

Engineering Mechanics Statics

9.34

Center of Gravity and Centroid

Fundamental Problems - F9.8 Locate the centroid of the beams cross-sectional area

Fundamental Problems - F9.9 Locate the centroid of the beams cross sectional area

HCM City Univ. of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering

Nguyen Tan Tien

HCM City Univ. of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering

Nguyen Tan Tien

Engineering Mechanics Statics

9.35

Center of Gravity and Centroid

Engineering Mechanics Statics

9.36

Center of Gravity and Centroid

Fundamental Problems - F9.10 Locate the centroid (, ) of the cross-sectional area

Fundamental Problems - F9.11 Locate the center of mass (, , ) of the homogeneous solid block

HCM City Univ. of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering

Nguyen Tan Tien

HCM City Univ. of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering

Nguyen Tan Tien

3/25/2013

Engineering Mechanics Statics

9.37

Center of Gravity and Centroid

Fundamental Problems - F9.12 Locate the center of mass (, , ) of the homogeneous solid block

HCM City Univ. of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering

Nguyen Tan Tien