Histology Questions 1.

The extracellular matrix and the cytoskeleton communicate across the cell membrane through which one of the following? A. Proteoglycans B. Integrins C. Cadherins D. Intermediate filaments Answer: B. 2. Which one of the following is absent in smooth muscle cells compared to skeletal muscle cells? A. Troponin B. Calmodulin C. Calcium D. Myosin light-chain kinase E. Actin and myosin interactions Answer: A. Smooth muscle cell is the least specialized type of muscle and contains no troponin. 3. Which of the following cells is specifically targeted in multiple sclerosis that affects the anterior corpus callosum,? A. Microglia B. Oligodendrocytes C. Astrocytes D. Schwann cells E. Axons of multipolar neurons Answer: B. Since it specifically points to a central nervous system location, the myelin sheath in this region is produced by oligodendrocytes and are the ones primarily affected in MS. 4. Organs such as the brain and thymus have a more effective blood barrier because their blood capillaries are which of the following types? A. Continuous type with few vesicles

B. Fenestrated type with diaphragms C. Fenestrated type without diaphragms D. Discontinuous type with diaphragms E. Discontinuous type without diaphragms Answer: A 5. Which one of the following lung findings would one expect to find that is characteristic of severe congestive heart failure? A. Type 1 pneumocyte containing hemosiderin granules B. Type 2 pneumocyte containing surfactant C. Macrophages containing hemosiderin granules D. Erythrocytes E. Fibroblasts containing type I procollagen Answer: C. 6. In using a tuning fork to evaluation the vibration sense of a patient, which of the following sensory receptors is primarily tested? A. Ruffini endings B. Pacinian corpuscle C. Meissner corpuscle D. Merkel corpuscle E. Free nerve endings Answer: B. Ruffini endings: stimulated by mechanical stress. Meissner: texture, Merkel: two point discrimination. Free nerve endings: light pressure and touch. 7. Which of the following structures is found only in the renal medulla? A. Proximal convoluted tubules B. Distal convoluted tubules C. Collecting ducts D. Afferent arterioles

E. Thin loops of Henle Answer: E. 8. The retinal pigment epithelium is characterized by which of the following? A. The presence of the photoreceptor (rod and cone) perikarya B. Phagocytosis of worn-out components of photoreceptor cells C. Origin from the inner layer of the optic cup during embryonic development D. Presence of amacrine cells E. Synthesis of aqueous humor Answer: B. 9. The portion of the junctional complex primarily responsible for restricting the passage of molecules between adjacent epithelial cells: A. Zonula occludens B. Zonula adherens C. Macula adherens D. Hemidesmosomes Answer: A. 10. What is the space between the liver sinusoids and the hepatocytes called? a. Space of Disse b. Space of Mall c. Vacuole d. Lacuna e. Howship's lacuna Answer: A.