Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
GPRS
Course requirements: ”GPRS: Architecture, Protocols, and Air Interface” article
available at
www.comsoc.org/pubs/surveys/3q99issue/bettstetter.html
If you have problems obtaining this article, please contact the course assistant
(Mika Nupponen)
Digital PLMN systems (status 2000)
2nd Generation 3rd Generation 4th Generation
GSM IMT-2000
UMTS
GPRS W-
CDMA
EDGE TDD
IS-136
USA CDMA
IS-95 2000
Digital PLMN systems
GSM – Global System for Mobile communications:
(FDMA/)TDMA-based system specified by ETSI
Several evolution steps towards 3rd generation systems:
HSCSD – High Speed Circuit Switched Data (possibility of
combining up to 4 time slots for a data connection)
GPRS – General Packet Radio Service (packet switching
overlay on TDMA radio access network)
EDGE – Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (change at
the air interface: 8 PSK modulation as in UMTS)
IS-95 – American CDMA system
IS-136 – American TDMA system
UMTS – Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
UTRA FDD mode (UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access,
Frequency Division Duplex mode) Ø W-CDMA
UTRA TDD mode
CDMA2000 – American 3rd Generation CDMA system
MS BTS OMC AC
EIR
MS
database
GSM: circuit switched connections
BSS NSS
BSC GMSC
MSC
MS
VLR
HLR
MS BTS AC
EIR
GPRS: packet switched connections
BSS NSS
BSC GMSC
MSC
PCU
MS VLR
HLR
SGSN AC
BTS EIR
MS
GGSN
UMTS network architecture
Radio access network Core network (GSM/GPRS-based)
UTRAN
MS RNC Iu CS
GMSC
MSC
BS
Uu VLR
Iur
MS HLR
Iub SGSN
RNC
BS Iu PS AC
EIR
MS Gn GGSN
IMT-2000 / UMTS:
RNS (access network) Core network (GSM-based)
RNC
GMSC
MSC
MS BS
VLR
HLR
MS
RNC SGSN AC
BS
EIR
MS GGSN
MS
Radio interface aspects
• Radio access techniques (FDMA / TDMA / CDMA)
• Physical / logical channel structure / GSM ”burst”
• Modulation method (GMSK, 8-PSK)
• Source coding / channel coding / interleaving
• Radio channel estimation & equalization techniques
(constructive use of the multipath channel)
• Diversity techniques
• Circuit vs. packet switched access
• Protocols: random access, power control, handover
(with associated measurement procedures)
Radio interface – access techniques
code nr.
Code
Frequency division division
Radio interface - physical channels
TS0 Typically used for signaling TS1
Carrier 0 T S S T T T T T T S S T
Carrier 1 T T T T T T T T T T T T
TS2 TS2
Carrier 2 T T T T T T T T T T T T
Carrier 3 T T T T T T T T T T T T
Frame of length 8 time slots
Radio interface – logical channels
Carrier 1 T T T T T T T
PDCH:s for GPRS use (for example)
Carrier 2 T T T T T T T
Dynamical
allocation
(circuit switched
GSM channels
are given higher
priority)
TS0
Um Abis A
CM CM
MM MM
DTAP BSSMAP
RR BSSAP BSSAP
RR
RR BTSM BTSM
SCCP SCCP
LAPDm LAPDm LAPD LAPD MTP MTP
Radio Radio 64 kb/s 64 kb/s 64 kb/s 64 kb/s
Um Gb Gn
IP/X.25 IP/X.25
SNDCP SNDCP GTP GTP
LLC LLC TCP TCP
RLC RLC BSSGP BSSGP IP IP
MAC MAC NS NS L2 L2
Radio Radio L1bis L1bis L1 L1
GPRS:
Idle MS is switched off (packet mode)
Standby location updates on a larger basis
Ready location updates on cell-by-cell basis
Random access in GSM / GPRS
No communication between MS and network can be started
without first using the random access procedure in
• network originated activity (paging, e.g. for MTC)
• MS originated activity (MOC, location updating,
registration, de-registration at power switch-off)
MS VLR 1
SIM LAI
TMSI Ø IMSI HLR
LAI
TMSI IMSI
LAI => VLR 1
VLR 1
MS LAI
SIM TMSI Ø IMSI HLR
LAI IMSI
TMSI LAI => VLR 1
VLR 2
VLR 1
MS LAI
SIM TMSI Ø IMSI HLR
LAI IMSI
TMSI LAI => VLR 1
VLR 2
VLR 1
MS LAI
SIM TMSI Ø IMSI HLR
LAI => VLR 2
LAI IMSI
TMSI LAI => VLR 1
LAI => VLR 2
TMSI
VLR 2
VLR 1
MS LAI
SIM HLR
LAI IMSI
TMSI LAI => VLR 2
VLR 2
VLR 1
MS LAI
SIM HLR
LAI IMSI
TMSI LAI – VLR 2
Important information for MTC (see below)
GMSC
MS MSC
SIM VLR 2 MSISDN
LAI => VLR 2
LAI LAI HLR
TMSI TMSI => IMSI
MSISDN => IMSI
LAI => VLR 2
GMSC
MS MSC
SIM VLR 2
GMSC
MS MSC
SIM VLR 2