PROBLEM SET 1

CHEM 20AH

DUE: October 2, 2013

1. Derive the law of definite proportions, from the atomic theory, i.e., from the hypotheses that elements are made up of indivisible atoms and that compounds are fixed combinations of them. 2. Oxygen and carbon form as many as five different binary compounds. The mass percentages of oxygen in the five compounds are as follows: A, 72.71; B, 57.12; C, 49.98; D, 47.03; and E, 34.76. Determine the empirical formulas of the five compounds. 3. Gaseous oxygen (O2) and gaseous methanol (CH3OH) react to produce carbon dioxide (CO2) and water vapor (H2O). What volumes of water vapor and carbon dioxide will be produced from 0.47 L methanol if all gases are held at the same temperature and pressure conditions? Suppose we start with 5g of oxygen and 10 g of methanol and the reaction goes to completion. How much of each reactant and product is present, finally? 4. Consider the following fluorine-containing compounds: BrF, UF6, HF, and C6HF5. Which has the highest mass percentage of fluorine? The lowest? 5. The atomic mass of the isotope mixture of rubidium (Rb) found in nature is 85.4678, and it consists of two isotopes: 85Rb (atomic mass 84.9117) and 87Rb (atomic mass 86.9092). What are the relative abundances of the two isotopes? 6. Consider a sample of liquid hydrazine (N2H4) that decomposes to give gaseous N2 and gaseous H2. When the two gases are separated, the nitrogen occupies 9.3 mL at conditions of 2.1 atm pressure and 37C. What is the volume of the hydrogen under the same conditions? Now consider the reverse reaction. If we have 5g of N2 present, how much H2 do we need to react all of the N2? 7. Iodine (I) and fluorine (F) and form a series of binary compounds with iodine mass compositions of 48.829%, 57.191%, 86.979%, and 69.007%. Compute, for each compound, the mass of fluorine that combines with 2.5156g of iodine. Show that these compounds obey the law of multiple proportions. 8. Suppose I measure, for a gaseous sample of a pure compound: a volume of 32.149mL; a temperature of 330.23K; and a pressure of 1.1atm. What can I conclude about the number of moles of this compound? What if I had measured the pressure more accurately and found it to be 1.1345atm?

9. Burning a compound of carbon, nitrogen and calcium in oxygen generates calcium oxide (CaO), carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and no other substances. A small sample gives 9.318g CaO, 7.317g CO2, and 15.291g NO2. Determine the empirical formula of the compound. 10. Calculate the mass of each product that is produced from 10.62g of the underlined reactant, for each of the following chemical reactions: (a) CaCO3 + H2O Ca(OH)2 + CO2 (b) C3H8 + 5 O2 3 CO2 + 4 H2O (c) 2 MgNH4PO4 Mg2P2O7 + 2 NH3 + H2O 11. Liquid carbon disulfide (CS2) is manufactured from methane and elemental sulfur via the reaction CH4 + 4 S CS2 + 2 H2S. Calculate the mass of CH4 needed to yield 9.6g of CS2. 12. Hydrogen cyanide (HCN) is produced by the high-temperature reaction of ammonia (NH3) with methane (CH4). H2 is also produced in this reaction. (a) Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction that occurs. (b) Suppose 175g of methane is mixed with 465g of ammonia. Calculate the masses of the substances present after the reaction is allowed to proceed to completion.