BIO

110, Life Science: Winter 2012, First Midterm, Section 1

Readthesedirectionsbeforeyoubegin. WriteyournameonyourScantronsheet,onthistest,andmakesureitisonthe811examguide(tests withoutnameswillnotbegraded). Checkthistesttomakesureithasallpages,16. MarkallanswersontheScantronsheet.Thereisonlyonecorrectanswertoeachquestion. Whenyouarefinished,turninthisexam,theScantron,andthe811examguideonthefronttable.
1. Aclosedcirculatorysystem,suchastheonein peopleandhorses,64 a. isalwaysassociatedwithlungs b. isalwaysundersomeamountofpressure c. onlymovesoxygenatedblood d. pumpsblooddirectlyintothetissuesof thebody e. requiresaheartthatbothpullsand pushes(sucksandblows) 2. Aconditionnotnecessaryforcomplex multicellularityis21 a. theabilitytocreatealivableenvironment fortheinternalcells b. theabilitytoliveonland c. thecoordinationofcelldivisiontokeep cellstogether d. themovementofnutrientsandwasteto andfromtheinternalcellsofthe organism e. thestabilityoftheorganismsinternal environmentthroughhomeostasis 3. Ascientifictheory21 a. isawaytolinktogetheragroupof relatedhypothesesthatareconsistent withoneanother b. isalwaystrue c. isfalseifevenoneofitshypothesescan bequestioned d. ismerespeculation,andcansafelybe ignored e. issomethingthatscientistsmakeup whentheyarenolongerlearninganything new 4. Azoonosisis6 a. adiseaseofhumansthatcanbe experimentallyculturedinotheranimal species b. adiseaseofhumansthatcaninfectzoo animals c. adiseaseofotheranimalsthatcaninfect humans d. adiseaseofthenasalandrespiratorytract thatcanrapidlyinfectanimalskeptin confinedquarters e. adiseasethatinfectssomeanimals,but doesntkillthem,sotheybecomecarriers. 5. AccordingtotheCalPolyPomonadocumenton academicintegritylinkedfromthisclasss requirements,plagiarismisdefinedas:4 a. copyingacopyrightedcomputerprogram withoutpermission b. intentionallyorknowinglypresenting words,ideasorworkofothersasone's ownwork c. quotingpassagesfromabookand referencingtheirsource d. usingtheworkofothersinviolationof theircopyright e. usingWikipediaasareference 6. Amphibiansdifferfromlizards,birds,and mammalsbecause5 a. theiryoungarebornonland b. theyhaveabackbone c. theyhaveapermeableskin d. theyhavefourlegs e. theyhaveinternalfertilization 7. Anatomyisthestudyof_____andphysiologyis thestudyof_____.2 a. animalsplants b. digestionthedigestivesystem c. functionstructure d. respirationphotosynthesis e. structurefunction

8. Antibioticsveryoftencomefrom_____,which usetheminthewildto_____.18 a. fruitspreventdecay b. fungiandbacteriakillorinhibittheir ecologicalcompetitors c. mushroomscolonizelaboratoryculture dishes d. pharmaciesripoffconsumers e. plantsandfungiimprovehumanhealth 9. Chlorophyllabsorbs_____andproduces_____. 62 a. aphotonahighenergyelectron b. ATPlightenergy c. electronsATP d. greenlightglucose e. oxygencarbondioxide 10. Chlorophyllisgreenbecause11 a. itabsorbsgreenlight b. itreflectsgreenlight c. magnesiumisgreen d. plantsaregreen e. thatstheonlycolorthatcanabsorb photons 11. Chytridsdifferfromtypicalmushrooms,mold,and yeastbecausechytrids9 a. arefungi b. areneverunicellular c. areusedtoproducehumanfoodssuchas cheese,beer,andsoysauce d. formabovegroundreproductive structuresthatareoftenedible e. haveflagellaandthuscanswimthrough water 12. Complexmulticellularityhasevolved independentlythreetimesinphotosynthetic organisms:48 a. Horses,cows,andfrogs b. Mitochondria,chloroplasts,andnuclei c. Plants,animals,andfungi d. Plants,euglenas,andredseaweeds e. Plants,redseaweeds,andbrown seaweeds 13. Euglenasdontcongregateinthebeamofared laserpointerbecause12 a. redlightisnotusefulforphotosynthesis b. theintensityofthelaserbeamkillsthem c. theycanphotosynthesizebetterinthe darkness d. theycantdetectredlight e. theydonthaveflagellaandcantswim

14. Frogs,horses,andpeopleallhave_____bone(s) intheupper(proximal)arm/forelimb:32 a. five,calledthemetatarsals b. four,calledthelumbarvertebrae c. one,calledthehumerus d. three,calledthephalanges e. two,calledthetibiaandfibula 15. Horsesandpeoplehaveanenclosedribcagewith asternum,andfrogsdont.Why?13 a. Becausefrogsliveontheground,they dontneedtheprotectionofasternum b. Becausehumanandhorsechestsdonot restontheground,thesternumisneeded tokeeptheheartandlungsfromfalling out. c. Horsesandpeoplehavelungs,butfrogs dont d. Humanandhorseflightmusclesattachto thesternum,butfrogscantfly e. Humansandhorsesbreathebyexpanding theirchestcavity,butfrogsinflatetheir lungswiththeirmouths 16. Inanimals,threeimportantfactorsinthe evolutionofmulticellularityare34 a. flattenedlayersoftotipotentcells, differentiationinsurfacechannels,and crosslayerconnections b. longmultinucleatefilaments,three dimensionaltissueformedofcompacted filaments,andcrosswallstocontainnuclei c. parallelphotosyntheticfilaments developinglateralconnections,branching throughcelldeath,andfragmentation d. persistentmeristemsoftotipotentcells, intercellularconnectionsthroughcell walls,andthreedimensionaltissue e. theblastula,formationofcelllayers,and cellmigrationandadhesion

17. Inbothoxidativerespirationandphotosynthesis, protonsfollowanelectrochemicalgradient throughamembrane.Whichofthefollowingis nottrue?61 a. ATPisusedupasaresultoftheir movement b. Theelectrochemicalgradientwascaused byhighenergyelectronsbeingpassed throughthemembrane c. Theenergyoftheirmovementisusedto createATP d. Theirmovementhelpstobalancethe electricchargesonbothsidesofthe membrane e. Theyordinarilypassthroughamolecule calledATPase 18. Incows,mostdigestionofcellulosehappensin the_____,andinhorsesithappensinthe_____. 44 a. esophaguspancreas b. firstpartofthehindgut(large intestine)stomach c. hindgut(largeintestine)foregut(small intestine) d. hindgut(largeintestine)mouth e. stomachfirstpartofthehindgut(large intestine) 19. Infungi,threeimportantfactorsintheevolution ofmulticellularityare31 a. flattenedlayersoftotipotentcells, differentiationinsurfacechannels,and crosslayerconnections b. longmultinucleatefilaments,three dimensionaltissueformedofcompacted filaments,andcrosswallstocontainnuclei c. parallelphotosyntheticfilaments developinglateralconnections,branching throughcelldeath,andfragmentation d. persistentmeristemsoftotipotentcells, intercellularconnectionsthroughcell walls,andthreedimensionaltissue e. theblastula,formationofcelllayers,and cellmigrationandadhesion

20. Inhumans,themovementofthefingersiscaused by27 a. contractionoftheligamentsononeside ofthejointortheother b. musclesineachjointofeachfinger c. musclesintheforearm,connectedtothe fingersthroughtendons d. musclesinthepalmofthehand, connectedtothefingersthroughtendons e. musclesintheshoulder,connectedtothe fingersthroughtendons 21. Inhumans,whichofthefollowingdoesnothelp bloodintheveinsreturntotheheart?86 a. contractionofthemusclesinthelimbs, compressingtheveinsandmovingblood towardtheheart b. expansionoftheatriaoftheheart,which activelypullsbloodoutoftheveins c. gravitycausingbloodintheveinsabove thehearttoflowdownhilltotheheart d. thesmallremainingamountofpressurein theveins e. valvesintheveinspreventingbloodfrom movingbackwards 22. Inoxidativerespiration(citricacidcycleplus electrontransportchain),_____areproduced.36 a. carbondioxide,water,andATP b. electrons,protons,andoxygen c. muscles,tendons,andligaments d. oxygen,glucose,andATP e. water,oxygen,andlightenergy 23. Inplants,threeimportantfactorsintheevolution ofmulticellularityare40 a. flattenedlayersoftotipotentcells, differentiationinsurfacechannels,and crosslayerconnections b. longmultinucleatefilaments,three dimensionaltissueformedofcompacted filaments,andcrosswallstocontainnuclei c. parallelphotosyntheticfilaments developinglateralconnections,branching throughcelldeath,andfragmentation d. persistentmeristemsoftotipotentcells, intercellularconnectionsthroughcell walls,andthreedimensionaltissue e. theblastula,formationofcelllayers,and cellmigrationandadhesion

24. Inthiscourse,whatismeantbylifebyexample? 23 a. Ifoneunderstandsthebasicprinciplesof life,onecanconstructhypothetical examplesthatareasusefulasactualones b. Ifyouliveyourlifewell,itsetsanexample forothers c. Lifecanbestbeunderstoodandstudied asasetofexampleslinkedbygeneral theories d. Livingorganismsexistbytakingsamples ofotherlivingorganisms e. Theexamplesgiveninthetextbookare thebestexamplesforunderstandinglife 25. Oneoftheadvantagestosomeorganismsliving onlandis5 a. decreasedlightforphotosynthesis b. desiccation c. inabilitytoswimusingflagella d. increasedavailabilityofoxygen e. increasedultravioletradiation 26. Oneofthepiecesofevidencethatthetetrapods (organismssuchasfrogs,horses,andpeople)are morecloselyrelatedtoeachotherthantonon tetrapodsis22 a. nootherorganismsaremulticellular b. theirbodiesareallshapedbyfunction, whichisnottrueofotherorganisms c. theyallhavecirculatorysystems d. theyhavebothanatomyandphysiology e. theyhavesimilarbodyplans,mosteasily explainedbyinheritancefromacommon ancestor 27. Ourbodiesgetthebulkofthenitrogenthatwe needfrom59 a. theairwebreathe b. thecarbohydratesweeat c. thelipidsweeat d. themineralsthatweeat e. theproteinweeat

28. Scientistswhostudyamphibiansgenerallyagree thatthemostlikelysinglereasonfortheir worldwidedieoffis:7 a. TheirtimeonEarthisfinished,andits timeforthemtogetoutofthewayand makeroomforotherspecies b. Theyarebeingkilledbyindustrial pollutants c. Theyarebeingoutcompetedbysnakes, fish,andotheraquaticorganisms d. Theyaredevelopingskincancerfrom higherlevelsofultravioletradiation e. Theyaresuccumbingtoinfectionbya chytridfungusthatinvades,eats,and disruptstheirskin. 29. TheCalvincycleuses_____andproduces_____. 20 a. ATP,highenergyelectrons(reducing power),andcarbondioxideglucoseor otherorganiccompounds b. foodenergychemicalenergy c. glucoseandoxygencarbondioxide, water,andATP d. highenergyelectrons(reducingpower) andoxygenwater e. lightenergyandwateroxygenandATP 30. Thechytriddiseaseofamphibiansspreads5 a. byairborneparticlesthatarespreadwhen theanimalssneeze b. byflagellatedsporesthatswimfrom animaltoanimalthroughthewater c. onlythoughdirectsexualcontact d. throughanetworkofwhitefilamentsthat traptheanimals e. throughtaintedfood 31. Theelectrontransportchainofoxidative respirationcreatesanelectrochemicalgradient. ProtonsfollowthatgradientthroughATPase moleculesinthemembrane.Oncetheyhave passedthroughthemembrane,whatusually happenstothem?58 a. Theycombinewithcarbondioxidetoform methanol b. Theycombinewithelectronstoform molecularhydrogen c. Theycombinewithoxygentoformwater d. Theycombinewithwatertoformoxygen e. TheygobackthroughtheATPaseinthe oppositedirection

32. Thelengthoftheesophagusindifferent vertebratesismostcloselycorrelatedwith30 a. thelengthoftheneckandchest b. thepresenceofasternum c. thesizeofthemouth d. thesizeofthestomach e. thetypeoffoodthatisdigestedinthe esophagus 33. Thelymphaticsysteminhumansgetsitsfluids mainlyfrom_____andreturnsthemthrough _____to_____.23 a. leakagefromtheheartthelungsthe venoussystem b. leakagethroughcapillarywallstissues andthenlymphductsthevenoussystem c. respirationtheintestinestheliver d. theblastulatheguttheanus e. themouththeesophagusthestomach 34. Thepartofthemusculoskeletalsystemthat connectsbonestobonesiscalleda8 a. fascia b. ligament c. liniment d. muscle e. tendon 35. Theplaceofuncertaintyinscienceis34 a. asadrivingforcefordiscovery b. stillnotunderstood c. tofacilitatecriticismoftheories d. tohinderdiscovery,asaresultofpoor experimentaldesign e. usuallycoveredupbyscientists 36. Thesugarscreatedinthe_____areoften transportedthroughthe_____andstoredas _____forlaterusebytheplant.33 a. Calvincyclephloemstarch b. Calvincyclexylemtriglycerides c. Citricacidcyclexylemcellulose d. Glycolysiscyclelymphaticfluidstarch e. smallintestinebloodlignin 37. Threedifferenttypesofcarbohydrateare23 a. aminoacids,fattyacids,andsugars b. proteins,nonstructurallipids(suchas fats),andstructurallipids(suchas phospholipids c. sugar,aspartame,andacesulfame d. sugars,nonstructuralcarbohydrates (suchasstarch),andstructural carbohydrates(suchascellulose) e. vitamins,minerals,andprotein

38. Whatisnotaconsequenceofcelldifferentiation 62 a. Cellsareabletocarryoutagreater numberoftasks b. Cellsbecomemorespecializedinfunction c. Cellsbecomemorespecializedin structure d. Cellsbecomeorganizedintocoherent tissues e. Thedifferencesbetweencellsbecome moremarked. 39. Whatistheimportanceoffalsifyingahypothesis? 14 a. Ifahypothesisiswrong,thatentirearea ofscienceisadeadend,andcanbe ignored b. Itshowsthatthescientistwhomadethe hypothesisisajerk c. Itsnotimportantatall;onlybyshowing thathypothesesarecorrectcanscience advance d. Itstheonlywayscientistsgetpromotions andhighersalaries e. Showingthatahypothesisiswrongis mucheasierthanshowingitiscorrect, anditallowsbetterhypothesestobe found 40. Whatistherelationshipoforganstotissues?7 a. Animalshaveorgans,andplantshave tissues b. Multicellularorganismshavetissues,but onlyunicellularorganismshaveorgans c. Organsandtissuestogethermakeup organelles d. Organsaremadeofoneormoretypesof tissue e. Tissuesaremadeofoneormoretypesof organ 41. Whenitcomestothechytridinfection,bullfrogs 25 a. areimmunetothedisease b. Areinfected,andcanspreadthedisease, butarenotoftenkilledbyit c. dieatthesamerateasallotherfrogs d. eatanddigesttheinfectivecellsbefore theycanbeinfected e. liveinaregionthatthediseasehasnot yetreached

42. Whichofthefollowingisnottrueofglycolysis78 a. Italwayshappensinsidemitochondria b. Itcan,butdoesntalways,producehigh energyelectrons(chemicalreducing power) c. Itdoesnotrequireoxygen d. ItproducesATP e. Theendproductscontainlesschemical energythanthestartingproducts 43. Whichofthefollowingisnottrueofoxidation37 a. Italwaysreleasesalargeamountofheat b. Itcaninvolveoxygen c. Itinvolvesgivingupelectrons d. Itisachemicalreaction e. Itispairedwithreduction 44. WhichofthefollowingisnottrueofRuBisCO3 a. ItcombineswithCO2intheCalvincycleof photosynthesis b. Itisaphosphorylated5carbonsugar c. Itisaspecializedtypeofchlorophyll d. ItisthemostcommonproteinonEarth e. Itsnameisshortforribulosebis phosphatecarboxylaseoxygenase 45. Whichofthefollowingstatementsabout producersandconsumersisfalse?37 a. Becauseenergyisgainedateverystep, thebiomassofconsumersgreatlyexceeds thatofproducers b. Chemoautotrophicbacteria(whichdo chemosynthesis)areproducers c. People,horses,andfrogsareconsumers d. Producersgetenergyfromenvironmental sources,whereasconsumersgetenergy fromotherorganisms e. Saprophytesandparasitesareconsumers 46. Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnottrueof phloemofplants49 a. Inmanyplants,itmovesnutrientsfrom thephotosynthesizingleavestotheroots andstemsinthesummer b. Inmanyplants,itmovesnutrientsfrom therootstothedevelopingleavesinthe spring c. Itislargelybidirectional d. Ittransportsnutrients(sugarsandother substances)dissolvedinwater e. Phloemtransportcancontinueinadead plant

47. Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnottrueof xylemofplants51 a. Itgenerallytransportsupward,fromthe rootstotheleaves b. Itisalmostentirelyunidirectional c. ItrequireslargeamountsofATPfor transport d. Ittransportswateranddissolved substances e. Waterlostthroughevaporationis returnedtotheplantthroughthe environment 48. Whichofthesedoesnotproducedigestive enzymes?36 a. fascia b. liningofthestomach c. liver d. pancreas e. salivaryglands 49. Whycanweeffectivelydefinescience,butnot life?18 a. Lifeistoosimpletodefine,butscienceis complex b. Scienceisstudiedbyphilosophers,butlife isonlystudiedbybiologists c. Sciencewascreatedbyhumans,butlife existsindependentofhumanknowledge d. Thestatementisfalse;neithertermcan beusefullydefined e. Weknoweverythingaboutlife,sothereis noneedtodefineit,butwearestill learningaboutscience 50. Whydohorseshavealongerneckthanpeople? 13 a. Horsesactuallyhaveshorternecks;they onlyappearlongerbecauseofthemane b. Horsesareadaptedforloweringtheir headstothegroundwhilestanding,so thattheycangrazeanddrink c. Horsesneedalongerneckto accommodatetheirlongesophagus d. Peopleareadaptedfordrivingin automobiles,wherealongneckwouldbe susceptibletowhiplash e. Peopleareadaptedtolowering themselvesontotheirbellieswhenthey grazeanddrink