Hydraulics - Hyd 301: Cairo University - Faculty of Engineering

Cairo University - Faculty of Engineering
Irrigation and Hydraulics Department

HYDRAULICS HYD 301
For Third Year Civil & Petroleum Engineering Students

2009 - 2010

Prof. Dr. Reda M. El-Damak
Department of Irrigation and Hydraulics
Faculty of Engineering - Cairo University
Motor Pump
Shaft
Suction Pipe
Delivery Pipe
Suction Tank
Delivery Tank
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Hydraulics - for third year civil engineering students
Water Pumps & Pipelines 1
Water Pumps & Pipelines

Content of Course

1- Applications & Objectives of Course

2- Hydraulic of pipelinepump system
- Definitions
- Estimation of required pumping head
- Motor / Pump efficiency
- Major type of water pumps
- Priming of water pump

3- Economics design of pipeline pump system
( Design selection - of pipe ; pipe size, pressure rating, pipe material )

4- Selection of pumping System

- Single pump connected with pipeline

- Group of equal pumps connected in parallel or/and in series with
pipeline

5- Cavitations in water pump & pump setting

parallel
series
parallel
&
series

1- Total static head

Static suction lift : when the water supply below the pump; the vertical distance from
the centerline of the pump to the water surface of suction tank

Static suction head : when the water supply above the pump; the vertical distance
from the centerline of the pump to the water surface of suction tank.

Static discharge head : the vertical distance from the centerline of the pump to the
water surface of delivery tank or the point of free discharge.

Total static head
Hs = the vertical distance from the water surface of delivery tank or the point
of free discharge to the water surface of suction tank.

Hs = Static delivery water level - Static suction water level


2- Required pumping head ( H
req,
)

Required pumping head ( H
req,
) is the sum of :

1- total static head
2- friction losses through the suction and delivery pipes
3- all local losses including inlet, strainer, valves, fittings, sudden enlargements
or contractions in pipe diameters, elbows, pipe bends, exit, etc.

H
req,
= total static head (Hs) + friction head losses ( h
f
) + local head losses ( h
local
)

- Hs = static delivery water level - static suction water level

- h
f
= ( f L / d ) x V
2
; f : pipe friction factor , L : pipe length , d : pipe size
2 g
- h
local
= k x V
2
; k : local head loss coefficient
2 g

Motor Pump
Shaft
Suction Pipe
Delivery Pipe
Suction Tank
Delivery Tank
3- Motor / Pump efficiency

Hydraulic water power

= (kg/m
3
) x Q (m
3
/s) x H
req
(m)

Hydraulic Horsepower (HP) = (kg/m
3
) x Q (m
3
/s) x H
req
(m) / 75
( 1 HP = 75 kg.m/sec)

Hydraulic water power

Pump shaft power ( Pump size ) = ---------------------------------

pump efficiency,
Pump

Pump shaft power
Electrical input power ( Motor Power ) = -------------------------------
motor efficiency,
Motor

( overall efficiency
t
=
Pump
x
Motor
)

Electrical input power (HP) = Hydraulic water power

/
t

Electrical input power (KW) = (Hydraulic water power

/
t
) x 0.746
1 KW = 0.746 HP

Required Pump Motor Power 1.20 (factor of safety) x Electrical input power

4- Optimal pipe diameter

1- Annual cost of pipeline = annual cost of pipes & fittings

2- Annual cost of pump & motor = annual cost of pump & motor

Annual cost = C * [I (1+I)
n
/ {(1+I)
n
1}]

C : Capital cost
n : Life time (years)
I : Interest rate (0.10)

3- Annual running cost = annual running cost of electricity (electrical input power) +
annual (O&M) cost of pipeline + annual (O&M) cost of pump
& motor

Operation & Maintenance (O&M) cost = cost of labors and maintenance

The total annual cost of water transport system = Annual cost of pipeline +
Annual cost of pump & motor + Annual running cost

2- Annual cost of
Pump & motor
1- Annual Pipeline
cost
3- Annual Running cost
Total annual cost
Pipe Diameter
Annual
Cost
Optimal pipe diameter

1- In the below water transport system, determine the total static head ( H
s
).
a- If the water is pumped with a rate of 68.0 liter/sec from the suction tank
(A) to the delivery (discharge) tank (B), calculate the friction (major) head
losses ( h
f
) in suction and delivery pipes.
b- Calculate the local (minor) head losses ( h
local
) in suction and delivery
pipes.
c- Calculate the head losses in suction pipe ( h
ls
)
d- Calculate the head losses in delivery pipe ( h
ld
).
e- Calculate the required pumping head ( H
req
).
f- Draw the hydraulic and total energy grade lines

( 16.90)

( 32.30)
L
d
= 550.0 m
d
d
= 250 mm
G. Steel
Ls = 10.0 m
ds = 200 mm
G. Steel
Pump
Motor
Q = 66.0 liter /sec
(13.50)
-------

2- In the above two water transport systems, water is pumped at a rate 0.25
m
3
/sec from the suction tank to the delivery tank through a 500 mm diameter
galvanized steel pipeline. In the above two cases, the local losses include: the
inlet, two bends ( r/d = 2) , and the exit.
For each system, calculate the following :
a- The total static head .
b- The required pumping head if the length of suction pipe is 8.00 m. and
the length of delivery pipe equals 600 m.
c- Draw the hydraulic and total energy grade lines for each system.
( 14.00)
( 14.00)
( 18.00)
( 11.90)
( 48.00)
( 48.00)

3- Water is pumped at a rate 0.19 m
3
/sec from the suction tank to the delivery
tank as shown in the above water transport system.
a- Determine the total static head.
b- Calculate the head losses in suction pipe and delivery pipe.
c- Determine the required pumping head, the water power, and the pump shaft
power ( pump efficiency
1
= 0..88 ).
d- Estimate the annual cost of running electrical input power.
. Motor efficiency
2
= 0.78.
. Daily working hours = 12 hours
. Cost of 1 KW-hour = 0.20 L.E.
e- Draw the hydraulic and total energy grade lines

Ls = 2.50 m
ds = 350 mm
G. Steel pipe
( 22.00 )
d
d
= 400 mm
Cast Iron pipe
r/d = 1
70 m
18 m
( 19.00 )

4- In the above water transport system, water is pumped at a rate 225.90 L/sec
from the canal (20.60) to the delivery tank (36.70) through a 450 mm diameter
galvanized steel pipeline. In the above system, consider the local head losses as
the following items : the inlet losses, three bend ( r/d = 2 ; 60
o
) , gate valve, and
the exit losses :

a- Calculate the head losses in suction pipe and delivery pipe .
b- Determine the required pumping head, water power, and pump shaft
power, in case of pump efficiency
1
= 0.90.
c- Estimate the annual cost of running electrical input power.
. Motor efficiency
2
= 0.79.
d- Draw the hydraulic and energy grade lines

( 36.70 )
( 20.60)
( 23.70)
( k = 30 )
( r/d = 2 ; 60
o
)
Ls = 6.5 m
Ld = 35.0 m


5- In the above water transport system, water is pumped at a rate 72.50 liter/sec
from the sump (suction tank) to the delivery tank through a galvanized steel
pipeline.

a- Determine the total static head.
b- Calculate the head losses in suction and delivery pipes .
c- Calculate the required pumping head.
d- Estimate the annual running cost of electrical input power.
. Overall efficiency
t
= 0.70.
e- Draw the hydraulic and energy grade lines
54.0 m
4.50 m
( k = 20 )
r/d = 2
r/d = 4
r/d = 2
ds = 250 mm
Length = 6.0 m
d
d
= 200 mm
Length = 75 m

6- Water is pumped at a rate 480 m
3
/hr from the suction tank (A) to the
delivery tank (B) through a 300 mm diameter G.R.P. pipeline. In this water
transport system, the local head losses include the following items: the inlet
losses, check (non-return) valve, gate valve, four bends ( r/d = 2) , and the exit
losses.
a- Determine the required pumping head.
b- Calculate the pressure heads at points (a), (b), (c), and (d) in terms of
atmosphere (bar). Note : 1 atmosphere (bar) = 10.33 m
c- Estimate the annual cost of running electrical input power.
. Overall efficiency
t
= 0.72.
Check Valve
Gate Valve

L
1
= 6 m

L
2
= 120 m

HWL ( 28.70 ) L
3
= 420 m
LWL ( 27.10 )

L
4
= 110 m

L
5
= 270 m

G.L.@ a = ( 33.20 )
G.L.@ b = ( 36.10 )
G.L.@ c = ( 38.80 )
G.L.@ d = ( 40.70 )

L
6
= 130 m

Tank A

Tank B
( 42.30)
a
b
c
d
2.0 m
7- The below figure shows a residential tower building in Cairo city. The water
supply system for this building consists of Pump, 50 mm galvanized steel
pipeline, two gate valves, check valve, two 90
o
-bends ( r/d = 1.5 ), and 8.0
cubic meters roof tank. This building is feeding from the city main pipe which
has a pressure head of about 15.0 m.
a- Determine the required pumping head and the electrical input power
(overall efficiency of the pump system
t
= 0.70 ) such that the selected
pump should be capable of filling the roof tank in no more than 10
minutes.
b- Estimate the monthly cost of electrical input power.

Roof tank
(48.70)
( 48.40 )

Ld = 34 m

Ls = 15 m Pump

(18.90)

City main pipe

Q = 280.0 Liter/sec
Intake P.S. L = 12.50 km

8- It is proposed to pump water from the intake pumping station to the delivery
tank through a Galvanized Steel pipeline, as shown in the above figure.

a- Compute the velocity of flow through the pipeline for the pipe sizes
(diameters): 400, 450, 500, 550, 600, .. mm.

b- i-The required pumping head and the motor power.
. Local losses = 10 % of friction losses
.
t
= 0.75

ii-The Capital Cost of pipeline and pump & motor.
- Cost of pipe / m = 1.8 d L.E. ( d: pipe size in mm )
- Capital cost of fittings = 15 % of capital cost of pipe
- Cost of pump & motor = 6000 P

L.E. ( P : Motor power in KW)

iii- The annual running cost
- Daily working hours = 16 hours/day
- Cost of 1 KW-hour = 0.20 L.E.
- Operation & Maintenance of pipeline = 1.0 % of its capital cost
- O & M of pump & motor = 5.0 % of its capital cost

iv-The annual cost of pipeline and pump & motor.
- Life time of pipeline = 15 years
- Life time of pump & motor = 10 years
- Interest rate ( I ) = 10 %

Plot the total annual cost of water transport system ( pipeline + pump &
motor + running electrical power ) verses pipe sizes.

c- Calculate the cost of transporting 1.0 M3 of water for each pipe size, and
hence select the suitable water transport design.
Suction

( 42.80 )
P
Delivery
( 64.50)

9- It is required to pump 1450 m
3
water per day ( daily working hours = 12
hours/day ) from Tank A (water level = 27.30) to Tank B (water level = 41.40)
as shown in the above figure. The above water supply system consists of Pump
& Motor, galvanized steel pipe, two gate valves, and two check valves, three
90
o
-bends ( r/d = 2.5 ).
a- Determine the required pumping head and the electrical input power (
t
=
0.82 ).

b- Draw the hydraulic and total energy grade lines.

c- Calculate the cost of transporting 1.0 m
3
of water.

Annual cost = C * [I (1+I)
n
/ {(1+I)
n
1}]
Cost of pipe / m = 1.3 d
1.2
L.E. ( d: pipe size in mm )
Capital cost of fittings = 15 % of capital cost of pipe
Cost of pump & motor = 4500 P

L.E. ( P: motor power in KW)
Life time of pipeline & fittings = 15 years
Life time of pump & motor = 8 years
Interest rate ( I ) = 10 %
Cost of 1 KW-hour = 0.20 L.E.

( 24.30 )
250 mm
200 mm

Hs
hd
hs

10- A water treatment plant (WTP) is supplied with raw water from a canal by
the intake pumping station (PS) as shown in the below figure.
It is proposed to pump the raw water at a rate of 1230 m3/hr using a Centrifugal
pump from the sump of pumping station (A) to the tank (B) through a G.R.P.
pipeline of 10.50 km long.

a- Find the pipe size, such that V ( velocity of flow ) 1.5 m/sec.
( available pipe diameters are : 350, 400, 450, 500, 550, 600 mm, )
b- Determine the required pumping head.
c- Determine the electrical input power if overall efficiency of the pump
system
t
= 0.72 .
d- Estimate the annual running cost of electrical input power.

G.L.

Intake Pumping Station

Canal

Intake pipe

( 21.90)
Sump A
Tank B
(14.45)
2.0 m
WTP
G.R.P. pipeline, L = 9.50 km
11- The below figure shows the water supply pipeline system feeding a city
with treated water. The treaded water is pumped to the city from the clear water
tank of WPT by a Propeller pump. The design water demand is about 2600
m
3
/hr. It is proposed to use Cast Iron pipeline, which is laid at an average
depth of 2.5 m below the ground.

a- Select the pipe size ( available pipe sizes are: 500, 550, 600, 650
mm,).
b- Determine the required pumping head if the minimum required pressure
head at the pipeline outlet (p/ ) > 25 m.
c- Determine the electrical input power if
t
= 0.74
d- Estimate the monthly cost of electrical input power.

G.L. ( 54.75)

City

Canal

WTP

Intake pipe Clear water tank
( 19.85)

pipeline = 11.20 km
Outlet ( 54.75)
2.50 m

Canal

12- The above figure shows the raw water supply pipeline system feeding a
small town with treated water by the intake pumping station. The required
water discharge is 82.0 m
3
/hr with mean operating time equals 16 hours per
day.
a- Design the pipeline ( available pipe sizes are: 100, 150, 200 mm, )
b- Calculate the required pumping head, if the pipes are :
i- Cast Iron (C.I.)
ii- Galvanized Steel (G.S.)
iii- Reinforced Concrete (R.C.)
iv- G.R.P.
c- Draw the system curve for both type of pipes and hence; select the
proper pump Type SP 77 ( pump number, operating pumping discharge
Q
o
, operating pumping head H
o
, electric power ).

d- For all type of pipes, estimate the annual cost of water transport system
( pipeline + pump & motor + running electrical power ).
- Capital cost and life time of pipes are as follows:

Pipe Type Cost of pipe & fittings / meter
(L.E.)
Life time
(years)
C. I. 1.80 x d (in mm) 25
G. S. 1.10 x d (in mm) 15
R.C. 0.80 x d (in mm) 25
G.R.P. 1.30 x d (in mm) 10

- Capital cost of pump & motor = 45000 + 4000 x (pump number) L.E.
- life time of pump & motor = 12 years
- Interest rate (I) = 10 %
- O & M of pipeline = 1.0 % of its capital cost

e- Select the suitable design ( type of pipe & pump number )

( 36.45 )
( 14.65)
Q = 82.0 m3/hr
L = 4.555 km
Intake P.S.



13- Two pumping stations are proposed to pump raw water from a canal to a
Water Treatment Plant, as shown in the below figure. The required daily water
discharge is 1350 m
3
/day and with mean daily working hours equals 12 hours.
a- Design the pipeline ( use Galvanized steel pipe : 100, 150, 200, 250, 300
mm).
b- Determine the required pumping head of both two pumping stations.
c- If we replace the two pumping stations with only one powerful intake
pumping station, determine the required pumping head in this case.
d- For both the above cases:
I - Determine the appropriate pumps Type SP 95 ( pump number,
operating pumping discharge Q
o
o
, electrical
power).
II - Calculate the annual cost of water transport system ( pipeline +
pump & motor + running electrical power ).
- Capital cost of pipe/meter = 1.20 x d L.E. (d : pipe size in mm)
- Capital cost of fittings = 15 % of capital cost of pipe
- Capital cost of pump & motor =70000 + 5500 x (pump number)
L.E. , and life time of pump & motor = 10 years.
- Life time of pipeline = 20 years
- O & M of pipeline = 1.0 % of its capital cost
- Interest rate (I) = 10 %
e- Select the suitable water transport system.

P.S. # 2

Canal

L
2
=8.27 km L
1
= 7.43 km

City

pipeline WTP

( 21.43 )

( 41. 35 )
( 69.00)
P.S. # 1
WTP



14 - The figure below shows the water supply pipeline system which is feeding
a city with treated water. The treated water is pumped to the city from the clear
water tank of WTP.
Due to increase in the city water demand, the water treatment plant will be
upgraded to about double its capacity. It is proposed to use the same supply
pipeline, but to replace the existing pump (NM4 150/400 C) with more
powerful pump.

a- Draw the system curve.
b- What are the operating pumping discharge Q
o
, operating pumping head
H
o
, and overall efficiency of the existing pump ?
c- Select the new pump (Type, operating pumping discharge Q
o
, operating
pumping head H
o
, and pump system efficiency).
d- For each case; estimate the annual cost of electrical input power.

. The mean operating time is 14 hours a day.

City elevated Tank

Canal

WTP

Clear tank ( 25.70)

City elevated tank

pipeline

P
L = 5.6 km,
d = 250 mm (G.S.)
(41.50)

River small town

small town with treated water by the intake pumping station.

It is proposed to pump the raw water at a rate of 88 liter/sec through a
galvanized steel pipeline of 4.50 km long. The water levels of tank (A) and
tank (B) are 28.40 m and 22.65 m, respectively.

a- Design the pipeline (available pipe sizes are: 200, 250, 300, 350
mm, )

b- Calculate the required pumping head.

c- Draw the system curve and hence select the proper pump (pump
number, operating pumping discharge Q
o
o
).

d- For the selected design, calculate the annual cost of electrical input
power.

. Mean operating time is 12 hours a day.
. Cost of 1 KW-hr = 0.20 L.E.

e- For the selected pipeline diameter, What is the raw water flow rate
between tanks (A) and (B) without using any pump ? ( Use the System
Curve) .

( 22.65)
( 28.40)
Q = 88 l /sec
L = 4.5 km
G. Steel pipe
Intake P.S.

River City

WTP

pipeline

16- The above figure shows the raw water supply pipeline system feeding a city
water treatment plant (WTP) by the intake pumping station. it is proposed to
pump the raw water at a rate of 140 liter/sec through a cast iron pipeline of
12.50 km long. Pumping system consists of two equal Centrifugal pumps
arranged in parallel; two units are in operation.

a- Design the proposed pipeline ( available pipe sizes are: 300, 350,
400 mm, ).
c- Select the proper pump.

d- Draw the system curve and pumps curve (two units are in operation) ;
and hence determine for each pump operating pumping discharge Q
o
,
operating pumping head H
o
.

e- If we replace the existing pumping system with only one powerful
pump, select this appropriate pump for this case and determine operating
pumping discharge Q
o
o
.

f- For the above both pumping system, calculate the annual cost of
electrical input power.

. Mean operating time is 12 hours a day.
. Cost of 1 KW-hr = 0.20 L.E.

( 32.60)
pipeline (C. I .)
L = 12.50 km

Intake P.S.
( 38.80 )

3
water in no more than 10 hours per day
from Tank A (water level = 122.80 ) to Tank B (water level = 102.80 ),
through a PVC pipeline (total length = 11,800 m ). A plan view of the system is
shown above. A constant speed submersible pump (N = 1450 r.p.m.) shall be
used. Characteristic curves of the available pumps are shown in the next page.
i) Design the pipeline. Available diameters are 100, 150, 200, 250, 300
mm.
ii) Determine the required pumping head (neglect local (minor) losses).
iii) On the provided pump characteristic curve sheet, draw the system curve.
iv) Select the most suitable pump, and determine operating pumping
discharge, operating pumping head, overall pump efficiency, and actual
daily operating hours.
v) For the selected design, calculate the annual cost of the water transport
system .
Cost of pipe & fittings / m = 1.2 d L.E. (d : pipe size in mm)
Life time of pump and motor = 8 years
Life time of pipes & fittings = 15 years
O & M of pipeline = 1.0 % of its capital cost
O & M of pump & motor = 5.0 % of its capital cost
Cost of 1 KW-hour = 0.20 LE
Capital cost of pump and motor is as follows:
Pump Number Cost (LE)
I 400 000
II 500 000
III 580 000
IV 650 000

vi) What is the suitable pipe diameter shall be used in order to pass the same
water flow condition ( 900 m
3
water in no more than 10 hours per day)
between tanks (A) and (B) without using any pump (neglect local
losses), and hence determine the following : actual water discharge, actual
daily operating hours, and the annual cost of the pipeline.
vii) Select the suitable water transport design.
Tank B
(102.80)
Tank A
P
(122.80)
Reach 1
L
1
= 3 km
Reach 2
L
2
= 6.3 km
Reach 3
L
3
= 2.5 km

18- A water treatment plant (WTP) is supplied with raw water from a canal by
intake pumping station, as shown in the below figure. it is proposed to pump
the raw water at a rate of 200 liter/sec through a cast iron pipeline of 3.50 km
long using a single submerged pump of high constant speed 2900 r.p.m..

a- Design the pipeline ( available pipe sizes are: 300, 350, 400, 450
mm, ).

b- Draw the system curves in case of HWL and LWL inside the
suction tank .

c- Select the proper pump; and hence determine the maximum and
minimum operating pumping discharges .

Canal WTP

HWL ( 16.00)
LWL (14.00)

( 20.00)

Q = 200 l/sec
L = 3.50 km
Cast iron pipe
Intake P.S.

Canal WTP

Pumping System

water treatment plant (WTP) by an intake pumping station. it is proposed to
pump the raw water at a rate of 390 liter/sec through a G.S. pipeline. Suction
and delivery water levels as well as pipeline length are shown in the figure.

500 mm, ).


c- Select the proper pumping system ( pump type, number of
pumps, arrangement of pumps).

d- Draw the system curve and pumps curve ;and hence determine for each
pump operating pumping discharge Q
o
o
.

e- Determine the minimum pressure rating of the selected pipe size in
terms of atmosphere ( bar ).

Note : Minimum pressure rating = 1.5 * maximum pressure head
along the whole pipe.

1.0 atmosphere (bar) = 10.33 m of water.

(13.60)

( 19.40)

Q = 390 l/sec
L = 11.6 km
G. S. pipe
Intake P.S.
City Storage Tank

Canal

Pumping System
WTP

Clear tank ( 20.30)

City Storage Tank

pipeline

20- The above figure shows the raw water supply pipeline system, which is
feeding a city with treated water. it is proposed to pump the water from WTP
clear tank at a rate of 270 liter/sec through a G.S. pipeline.

500 mm, ).


c- Select the proper pumping system ( pump type, number of
pumps, arrangement of pumps).

d- Draw the system curve and pumps curve; and hence determine for each
pump operating pumping discharge Q
o
o
.

e- If the pipeline becomes old such that its equivalent roughness height
becomes equal to 2.0 mm, while the pump type remains unchanged,
draw the system curve for this case and determine operating pumping
discharge Q
o
o
.

f- For the above two cases, if one of the pumping units fails (stop
operating), find operating pumping discharge, operating pumping head.

Q = 270 L/sec
L = 6.20 km
G.S. pipe
( 68.50)

Pipe Reach ( A-C ) Pipe Reach (C-B )
Pump

C
L = 1.80 km L = 4.4 km
d = 250 mm (G.S.) d = 200 mm (G.R.P.)

The characteristics of a centrifugal pump are given by :

Q (lit/sec) 0 40 50 60 70
H (m) 89.0 79.4 76.0 72.3 65.5
t
(%) 0 72.3 79.8 76 62.1

21- The pump is used to pump water from tank A (28.00) to tank B (46.00).
The total length of pipe is 6.20 km and consists of two reaches as shown above.
Reach A-C is 1.80 km long of 250 mm diameter Galvanized Steel pipe. Reach
C-B is 4.40 km long of 200 mm diameter Glass fiber Reinforced Plastic
(G.R.P.) pipe.

a- Draw the system curve and pump curve; and hence determine operating
pumping discharge Q
o
o
.

b- If a second pump of same characteristics is attached in parallel to the
first pump, and both pumps are in operation, what will be the discharge
into tank B ?

c- Calculate the daily cost of operation for the above cases.
. working hours = 12.0 hours
. cost of 1 KW-hr = 0.20 L.E.

d- Draw the energy line along the whole length of the pipe for the case of
one pump in operation.
Assume the pipe has a constant slope between tanks A and B .

Tank A
( 28.00 )

Tank B
( 46.00 )

22- It is required to pump 15,000 m
3
water per day from Tank A (water level =
128.60) to Tank B (water level = 142.80), through a reinforced concrete
pipeline (total length = 12,600m). Average daily hours of operation = 16 hours.
A plan view of the system is shown above.
A constant speed submersible pump shall be used. Pump characteristic curves
of the available pumps are shown in the following figure..
a) Design the pipeline. Available diameters are 400, 450, 500, 550
mm.
b) Determine the required pumping head (you may neglect local (minor)
losses).
c) On the provided pump characteristic curve sheet, draw the system
curve.
d) Select the most suitable pump (which satisfies minimum annual cost),
and determine operating pumping discharge, operating pumping head,
actual operating hours, annual cost of operation, and annual cost of
pump and motor.

Cost of 1 KW-hour = 0.20 LE
Annual cost = Capital cost * [I (1+I)
n
/{(1+I)
n
1}]
Life time of pump and motor = 8 years
O & M of pump & motor = 5.0 % of its capital cost

Capital cost of pump and motor is as follows:

Pump Number Cost (LE)
I 400 000
II 450 000
III 520 000
IV 590 000

Tank B
(142.80)
Tank A
P
(128.60)
C
(G.L.=136.7)
D
(G.L.=130.4)
Reach 1
L
1
= 2 km
Reach 2
L
2
= 6.1 km
Reach 3
L
3
= 4.5 km
e) Draw a longitudinal profile of the pipe and the total energy line along
the full length of the pipe.
f) Determine the minimum pressure rating in terms of atmosphere (bar)
for each of the four reaches (A-C), (C-D) and (D-E) and (E-B).
Note: Minimum pressure rating = 1.5 * maximum pressure
head in reach
1 atmosphere = 10.33 m
g) For the selected design, calculate the annual cost of the water
transport system .
Capital cost of fittings = 15 % of capital cost of pipe
O & M of pipeline = 1.0 % of its capital cost
Life time of pipe = 20 years
Interest rate = 10 %

The cost of reinforced concrete pipes for different sizes and pressure
rating is given in the following table:

Pipe size
(mm)
Pressure rating
(Bar)
Cost of pipe/m
(LE)
400
4
6
8
10
12
60
75
100
125
210
450
4
6
8
10
12
80
90
120
150
240
500
4
6
8
10
12
90
100
180
200
300
550
4
6
8
10
12
100
120
200
240
380



3
/hr water (average daily operating hours = 6
hrs ) from Tank A (water level = 22.40 ) to Tank B (water level = 32.40 )
through a galvanized steel pipeline with a total length of 4200 meters. Four
equal constant speed pumps shall be used. A plan view of the system is
shown above. Each Pump characteristic curves are given as follows:

Q (m
3
/hr) 0 40 80 120 160
H (m) 30 27 21.5 13.5 0
t
(%) 0 42 79 84 0

a- Design the pipeline. Available pipe diameters are 150, 200, 250, 300,
mm.
b- Determine the required pumping head (neglect local losses).
c- Draw the (H-Q) curve of the above pumping system, while the four
pumps are in operation.
d- Draw the system curve and determine the operating pumping discharge,
operating pumping head, daily operating hours, and the required daily
operating cost.
e- If two of the pumping units fail (stop operating), draw the (H-Q)
curves for the pumping system in case 1 and case 2 , and hence find for
each case the following:
i- operating pumping discharge.
ii- operating pumping head.
iii- expected daily operating hours in order to keep the same
daily water demand unchanged.
iv- daily operating cost.
p
A
B
p p
p
A
Case 1
A
Case 2

Suction
tank

( 38.00 )

24- In the above Water Transport System, it is required to pump a total water
discharge of 750 m
3
/hr (average daily operating hours = 6 hrs ) through a GRP
pipeline with a total length of 7.10 km connecting the two tanks A and B. Three
equal constant speed pumps shall be used. Each pump characteristic curves are
given as follows:

Q (m
3
/hr) 0 150 300 450 600
H (m) 45 40 32 20 0
t
(%) 0 77 81 55 0

a- Design the pipe size of the main pipeline .
b- Determine the required pumping head ( local losses =10 % of friction
losses).
c- Draw the (H-Q) curve of the above pumping system, while the three
pumps are in operation.
d- Draw the system curve and determine the operating pumping discharge,
operating pumping head, daily operating hours, and the required daily
operating cost.
e- If one of the pumping units fails (stop operating), determine operating
pumping discharge, operating pumping head, and expected daily
operating hours in order to keep the same daily water demand
unchanged.
f- In the above two cases, find the annual operating electrical cost
Cost of 1 KW-hour = 0.20 L.E

Delivery tank
( 48.00 )
7.1 km
Qt = 750 m3/hr

25- The above figure shows a water supply pipeline system feeding a city with
treated water. The treated water is pumped to the city elevated tank (28.20)
from the clear water tank (12.80) of WTP. It is proposed to pump the treated
water at a rate of 85 liter/sec through a galvanized steel pipeline. Pumping
system consists of two centrifugal pumps arranged in parallel; one unit in
operation and one unit standby. Lengths of pipeline and detail of pump setting
are shown in the above figure.

a- Design the pipeline (available pipe sizes are 250, 300, 350, 400 mm, ).
b- Determine the required pumping head.
c- Select the proper pumps and then find the operating pumping discharge Q
o

and the operating pumping head H
o
.
d- Calculate the available NPSH, and then check the setting of the pump.

Bend (r/d = 4)
u = 60
o

Gate Valve
4m
3
m

8m
P
P
Tee (K=1.5)
Bend (r/d = 2)
City Elevated
Tank
City
Pipeline
Bend (r/d = 2)
(28.20)
L
1
= 4.45 km
L
2
= 3 km
Clear Water Tank
(12.80)
R
i
v
e
r

Intake Pipe
Clear Water Tank
(14.00)
(12.80)
Bend (60
o
, r/d = 2)
K=10
Check Valve
L=8m
Delivery Pipe
0.8m

|
|
.
|
\
|
+ + + + +
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
g
V
h h h h h
P P
NPSH
f b f i s
v atm
2
2
2 1

@

To avoid cavity formation in water pumps:

@ NPSH > Required NPSH

Pump
Delivery Pipe
Outflow
Inflow
Screen
Check
Valve
Bend
TEL
HGL
h
s
h
i
h
f1
h
f2
h
b
g
V
2
2

Absolute Pressure
Vapor Pressure
v
P

atm
P

v atm
P P
@ NPSH

Local Loss Coefficients

Typical Local Losses

Item Description Head Loss Coeff.
1. Inlet
From Tank to Pipe
a) Sharp-edged
connection

b) Projecting
connection

c) Rounded connection

K
i
= 0.5

K
i
= 1.0

K
i
= 0.05

2. Exit (outlet)

a) Submerged outlet

b) Free outlet

K
e
= 1.0
TEL
h
e
TEL
h
e
TEL
V
2
/2g
TEL
h
i
h
i
TEL
h
i
Item
Description &
Head Loss Coeff.
3. Elbows (h
E
)

o
22.5 30 45 60 75 90
K
E
0.17 0.2 0.4 0.7 1.0 1.5
4. Bends (h
B
)

o

1 1.5 2 3 4
22.5 0.11 0.1 0.09 0.08 0.08
45 0.19 0.17 0.16 0.15 0.15
60 0.25 0.22 0.21 0.20 0.19
90 0.33 0.29 0.27 0.26 0.26
135 0.41 0.36 0.35 0.35 0.35
180 0.48 0.43 0.42 0.42 0.42
u
o
V

u
o
r

d
V

r/d

Item Description &
Head Loss Coeff.
5. Sudden Contraction

d
1
/d
2
1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0
k
c
.08 .17 .26 .34 .37 .43 .45 .46
6. Sudden Enlargement

7. Valves

a. Gate Valves

b. Check Valve
(Non-Return)

V
2

d
2

( )
g
V V
h
c
2
2
2 1

=
V
1
d
1

V
1

V
2
d
1
d
2

g
V
k h
c c
2
2
2
=
25 0. =
gate
k (Fully Opened)
0 3. =
gate
k (Fully Opened)


Hydraulics - Hyd 301: Cairo University - Faculty of Engineering

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Hydraulics - Hyd 301: Cairo University - Faculty of Engineering

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Cairo University - Faculty of Engineering

Irrigation and Hydraulics Department

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