Rabi Report 2013-14 English

Price Policy for Rabi Crops
Price
Policy
for
Rabi Crops
THE MARKETING SEASON 2013-14
Vol. I
COMMISSION FOR AGRICULTURAL COSTS AND PRICES

Department of Agriculture & Cooperation
Ministry of Agriculture
Government of India
New Delhi
August 2012

Government of India
New Delhi
August 2012
Vol. I
Price
Policy
for
Rabi Crops

Government of India
New Delhi
August 2012
CONTENTS
S. No.
Description
Page
Acronyms
List of Tables
iii
List of Charts
iv
Summary of Recommendations
v-x
1.
Overview
1-10
2.
Demand-Supply, Procurement and Efficacy of Price Policy
11-28
3.
Competitiveness of Indian Agriculture
29-44
4.
Costs, Returns and Inter-Crop Price Parity
45-58
5.
Productivity and Costs of Major Rabi Crops
59-68
6.
Considerations & Recommendations for Price Policy
69-78
List of Acronyms
A2+FL
APMC
C2
CACP
CAGR/CARG
CAP
CBOT
CCEs
CCI
CIF
C&F
CF
CoP
CPI-AL
CS
CSO
CV
CWC
DAC
DCP
DES
DFPD
DGCIS
DGFT
DIPP
DOC
EDI
FAO
FCI
FFPI
FOB
Actual paid out cost plus imputed value of family labour

Agricultural Produce Market Committee
Comprehensive cost including imputed rent and interest on owned land
and capital respectively
Commission for Agricultural Costs and Prices
Compound Annual Growth Rate/Compound Annual Rate of Growth
Cover and Plinth
Chicago Board of Trade
Crop Cutting Experiments
Competition Commission of India
Cost, Insurance & Freight
Cost & Freight
Correction Factor
Cost of Production
Consumer Price Index for Agricultural Labour
Comprehensive Scheme
Central Statistics Office
Coefficient of Variation
Central Warehousing Corporation
Decentralized Procurement
Directorate of Economics & Statistics
Department of Food & Public Distribution
Directorate General of Commercial Intelligence and Statistics
Directorate General of Foreign Trade
Department of Industrial Policy & Promotion
Department of Commerce
Electronic Data Interchange
Food and Agriculture Organization
Food Corporation of India
FAO Food Price Index
Free on Board
i
GCF
GDP
GVO
HA
HRW
HSDO
IMF
LDO
MMTC
Mn
MSP
NAFED
NCCF
NCDEX
NFSB
NSSO
OECD
OGL
PDS
PEG
PPP
PSS
Qtl
R&M
RMS
SEA
SOPA
SRR
SRW
STC
TE
TFP
TPDS
USDA
VAT
WPI
WTO
Gross Capital Formation

Gross Domestic Product
Gross Value of Output
Hectare
Hard Red Winter
High Speed Diesel Oil
International Monetary Fund
Light Diesel Oil
Minerals and Metals Trading Corporation
Million
Minimum Support Price
National Agricultural Cooperative Marketing Federation of India Limited
National Cooperative Consumers' Federation of India Limited
National Commodity and Derivatives Exchange
National Food Security Bill
National Sample Survey Organization
Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development
Open General License
Public Distribution System
Private Entrepreneurs Guarantee
Public-Private-Partnership
Price Support Scheme
Quintal
Rapeseed and Mustard
Rabi Marketing Season
Solvent Extractors' Association of India
Soybean Processors Association of India
Seed Replacement Rate
Soft Red Winter
State Trading Corporation
Triennium Ending
Total Factor Productivity
Targeted Public Distribution System
United States Department of Agriculture
Value added Tax
Wholesale Price Index
World Trade Organization
ii
List of Tables
Table No.
Topic
Table S.1
Table 2.1
Table 2.2
Actual and Recommended MSPs of Rabi crops

Availability and Use of Rabi Crops (2009-10 to 2011-12)
Comparative position of wheat procurement & stocks in CAP &
% in Kutcha CAP in major States as on 1st June 2011 and 1st June 2012
Major States imposing Levies (as % of MSP) (RMS 2011-12)
Prices of wheat during Oct 2011 to Mar 2012 in major States
Forecasts for International Prices
Gross & Net Returns on actual estimates of cost for the years
from 2008-09 to 2010-11
Compound annual growth rate of agriculture labour wage rate (Rs/day)
for states and at all-India level in nominal and real terms
(Dec.2008-May 2009 to Dec.2011-May 2012)
Variations in projected C2 and A2+FL costs across states
for rabi crops, 2012-13
Relative returns (%) of Rabi crops over A2+FL and C2 in 2012-13
Estimated cost of production for Rabi Crops for 2012-13, inclusive of
Marketing/Transportation and crop Insurance Premium (All India)
Growth (CARG) in Area, Production and Yield of Rabi Crops
at All-India during Decades of 1990s and 2000s
Impact of Variation in Yield on CoP (%)
Gaps in India's Yield Levels of Various Rabi Crops
Elasticity of Yield w.r.t. Various Causal Factors (Drivers of Yield)
Average Divergence between CS and CCE Yield Rates
during 2000-01 to 2010-11
Average Margins of MSP over C2 and Net Returns for Major Rabi Crops
Projected C2 costs for crop season 2012-13 for major rabi crops
iii (2013-14) and their Justification
Recommended MSPs of Rabi Crops
Table 2.3
Table 2.4
Table 3.1
Table-4.1
Table 4.2
Table 4.3
Table 4.4
Table 4.5
Table-5.1
Table 5.2
Table-5.3
Table-5.4
Table-5.5
Table 6.1
Table 6.2
Table 6.3
Page No.
vii
13
24
26
26
43
49
50
53
57
58
62
64
65
66
67
75
76
78
List of Charts
Figure No.
Chart 1.1
Chart 1.2
Chart 1.3
Chart 1.4
Chart 1.5
Topic
Page No.
Production of major crops during last three years
3
Central Pool Stocks with FCI
4
Procurement, Allocation & Offtake during last five years
5
Contribution of various items to Inflation in Primary Food Articles
6
Change in monthly per capita consumption of cereals in
Urban & Rural areas: 1999-00 & 2009-10
7
Chart 1.6
Comparative growth in GDP(overall) and GDP(agri) during Plan periods
8
Chart 1.7
GCF in agriculture and share of public & private investments
9
Chart 1.8
Composition of Public Resources for Agricultural Sector
9
Chart 2.1
Wholesale (mandi) prices of select commodities over two years
14
Chart 2.2
Composition of Coarse Cereals, TE 2011-12
15
Chart 2.3
Barley and Maize Prices (Apr 2001-June 2012)
16
Chart 2.4
Pulses Production -Share of Major Pulses, TE 2011-12
17
Chart 2.5
Wholesale Prices - Gram (Chana) and Kabuli Chana (Jan 2007-Jun 2012)
19
Chart 2.6
Average Monthly Prices of Chana and Yellow Peas (Jan 2010-Jul 2012)
19
Chart 2.7
Wheat Procurement as % of Production & Market
Surplus (2001-02 - 2011-12)
21
Chart 2.8
Procurement as a percentage of Arrivals in select
States (2008-09 to 2012-13)
21
Chart 2.9 (a)
Share of major States in wheat procurement (RMS 2010-11)
22
Chart 2.9 (b)
Share of major States in wheat procurement (RMS 2012-13)
22
Chart 2.10
Procurement as a share of production in MP (2000-01-2011-12)
23
Chart 2.11
Composition of Economic Cost of Wheat for FCI (2001-02-2011-12)
25
Chart 2.12
Economic Cost of Wheat to FCI Vs Procurement (1993-94 to 2011-12)
25
Chart 3.1
India's Trade in Agricultural Products vs. India's Total Trade
32
Chart 3.2
Composition of Agri-Exports & Imports, TE 2011-12
32
Chart 3.3
India's Exports & Imports of Wheat during 2001-02 to 2010-11
34
Chart 3.4
International prices Vs Domestic Prices of Wheat
35
Chart 3.5
International prices vs. Domestic Prices of Barley
36
Chart 3.6
Value and Volume of India's Imports of Pulses
37
Chart 3.7
International vs Domestic prices for Gram & Lentil
37
Chart 3.8
Value and Volume of India's Imports of Edible Oils & Exports of Oilmeals 39
Chart 3.9
International Prices Vs Domestic Prices of R&M Seed & R&M Oil
40
Chart 4.1
Compound annual growth rate of agriculture labour wagerate (Rs/day)
for states and at all-India level (Dec.2008-May 2009
to Dec.2011-May 2012)
51
Chart 4.2
Percentage Increase in input Prices in WPI (May 2012 over May 2011)
51
Chart 4.3 (a to f) Projected Cost and Supply of Rabi Crops by States for 2012-13
54-56
Chart-5.1 (a to f) Relationship between Real Cost of Production and Yield Rates
63
Chart 6.1
Bulging Stocks of Foodgrains with State Agencies (2007-12)
72
Chart-6.2
Rising Imports of Edible Oils & Pulses
73
Chart 6.3
CBOT Wheat quotes during April-July 2012
74
Chart 6.4
India's Agri Exports & Agri-Imports
75
iv
Price
Policy
Rabi Crops
for
Summary
of Recommendations
Price Policy Recommendations
S.1
In the reports of the Commission for the marketing season 201213, namely the Price Policy Report for Rabi Crops (as well as that for
Kharif Crops), a major realignment in MSPs was recommended keeping in
mind the sharply rising costs of production, domestic and international
prices, and overall demand and supply situation of various commodities
in the country. The Government accepted those recommendations and
made a major move towards getting prices right to incentivize farmers
to raise productivity and produce more. Farmers have responded to
these price signals, and aided by good weather and other production and
marketing policies, the country has reaped the biggest ever harvest of
foodgrains at 257 million tonnes (wheat 94 million tonnes, and rice 104
million tonnes) in 2011-12. This achievement is unprecedented and
commendable as this is the likely demand of foodgrains estimated by the
Planning Commission for the year 2016-17, the end of the 12th Five Year
Plan. As a result of this spectacular performance on production front,
st
and concomitant procurement, as on July 1 , 2012, the public agencies
had 80 million tonnes of grains (wheat and rice) stocks. The challenge is
now of managing surplus grains prudently.
v
Price
Policy
Rabi Crops
for
S.2
The major focus of this report now is getting the markets
right for six rabi crops, besides recommending their MSPs. The
MSPs are recommended keeping in view the likely demand and
supply scenario of these commodities in marketing season 201314, their projected costs of production, domestic and international
prices, terms of trade, inter-crop price parity and the likely impact
of prices on cost of living, and industrial cost structures. The
Commission expects that in RMS 2013-14 there will be a large
excess supply of cereals, especially wheat, which cannot be fully
consumed at home and the Government will find it challenging to
store safely or export. Given this situation, the Commission
recommends freezing the MSP of wheat and barley at the 2012-13
levels, i.e., Rs 1285/quintal for wheat and Rs 980/quintal for barley,
while keeping their exports open. It is anticipated that with exports
of wheat picking momentum, the domestic wheat prices will take a
lift and farmers will stand to benefit from that. In case the
Government imposes export bans on wheat and barley, the
Commission recommends that the government should
simultaneously then announce a bonus of 10 percent on their MSPs
to compensate farmers for this implicit taxation through export
controls.
S.3
However, in case of oilseeds and pulses, although the
government had substantially raised their MSPs last year, the
Commission recommends some increases this year as the imports
of edible oils and pulses have crossed Rs 55,000 crores in 2011-12.
This indicates the need to bridge the widening gap between
demand and supply so long as India can produce oilseeds and
pulses at a globally competitive cost. Accordingly, the Commission
recommends that the MSP of rapeseed/mustard be increased from
Rs 2500/quintal to Rs 3000/quintal, and safflower from Rs.
2500/quintal to Rs. 2800/quintal. Similarly, MSP of gram is
recommended to be increased from Rs 2800/quintal to Rs
3000/quintal and of lentil from Rs. 2800/quintal to Rs 2900/quintal.
Justification for each one of these increases is given in chapter-6 in
detail and briefly in Table S.1.
vi
Price
Policy
Rabi Crops
for
Table S.1: Actual and Recommended MSPs of Rabi crops (Rs/quintal)
Note: Figures in parentheses are percentage increases over the previous year.
Non-price Policy Recommendations

S.4
The main challenge is to prudently use surplus wheat stocks and
find a solution to the high edible oil import bill of Rs 46,242 crores and
pulses of Rs 8767 crores in 2011-12. Large build of wheat stocks (of about
50 million tonnes) has been a result of unprecedented increase in wheat
vii
Price
Policy
Rabi Crops
for
production in 2011-12 (94 million tonnes), four years of export

controls (2007-11), bonus given by states like Madhya Pradesh and
Rajasthan on top of MSP, and high taxes/commissions imposed by
states like Punjab and Haryana, which have almost driven the private
sector out of grain trading. As a result, in a year of bumper harvest,
much of wheat procurement has fallen on state agencies. While it is
commendable what state agencies did in Punjab, Haryana and
Madhya Pradesh, to procure large quantities of wheat, it has led to an
almost State monopoly in wheat trade, which is not good for the
country in the long run. Every effort should be made to bring back the
private sector in wheat trade. For this, the Commission recommends:
I. Keep exports of wheat (and rice, and coarse cereals) open for
private trade. In case of any restriction on their exports, give a
bonus of 10 percent on their MSPs till the export bans continue.
II. Advise States, most notably Punjab and Haryana, to lower
taxation/commission etc on basic staples like wheat (and rice)
to less than 5 percent. The Central Government could
compensate these states for their loss of revenue through
some other route. This will go a long way to bring back private
sector. Failing this, the Centre would need to review its policy of
open ended procurement and limit its purchases especially
from States that levy higher taxes.
III. Advise state governments, most notably Madhya Pradesh and
Rajasthan, not to announce any commodity-specific bonus as it
distorts the all India market and drives out the private sector.
Instead, encourage them to help peasantry through cropneutral investments in irrigation and water management.
Failing this, the Centre would need to review its policy of open
ended procurement from states that give extra bonus.
IV. Excessive grain storage is also caused by uncertainty about the
quantum that may be required to implement National Food
Security Bill (NFSB). There are estimates which indicate the
need to distribute 60-65 million tonnes at Rs 2/kg (wheat) and
Rs 3/kg (rice). In such a situation, holding of 80 million tonnes is
not very much out of line with the requirements, given that any
year could be a drought year. It is worth keeping in mind that
the drought of 2002-03 led to a drop in foodgrains production
by 38 million tonnes. India cannot afford to go to international
market with a demand of 38 million tonnes as the global prices
will simply erupt to abnormally high levels. Given the weak PDS
system, wherein it is reported that at least 40 percent of grains
do not reach the designated beneficiaries, the Commission is of
viii
Price
Policy
Rabi Crops
for
the considered view that a better strategy to help the poor would
be to use an income policy, i.e., direct cash transfers/food
vouchers to the poor (works out to about Rs 5000/year for a family
of five as per provisions in the proposed NFSB). This will be in line
with the emerging diversification of food basket, reduce leakages
from PDS, and also insure against any drastic fall in grain
production. The beginning can be made with say 100 prototype
experiments in urban areas, which can then be scaled up after
gaining experience in a year or so. This will avoid taking-over grain
markets, or the need to keep 80 million tonnes of stocks, help cut
down the costs of storage, of taxes on procurement, and therefore
be much more efficient and quick in reaching the poor. This would
also be in line with the international best practices being followed
in many countries to help the poor.
S.5
Steeply rising imports of edible oils (Rs 46,242 crores in 2011-12),
need an urgent and bold policy decision. Developing oil palm on a million
hectares that is identified as suitable for its cultivation is the main answer
to bridging the gap between demand and supply of edible oils. The
Commission has already submitted a separate report on that in January
2012, wherein it is analyzed and recommended that investing Rs 10,080
crores over the next six years can save the government an import bill of
more than Rs 600,000 crores over the next 27 years. In view of this, the
allocation of Rs 100 crores for current year for developing oil palm is
woefully low looking at the need and savings it can yield. The Commission
therefore recommends that at least Rs 2000 crores per year be allocated
to develop oil palm in the country, and it should be taken up on a high
priority, as it will benefit large numbers of farmers and consumers alike,
and also save on the import bill.
S.6
Indian rapeseed/mustard is reasonably import competitive at the
farm/mandi level. But owing to the reservation of mustard oilseed
processing (expeller) units in the micro and small-scale sectors, the
average size of processing units for mustard oil has remained small
besides having outdated technology. This makes the costs of processing
high and mustard oil less import competitive (and many a times even
protected). Therefore, the Commission recommends de-reservation of
the mustard/rapeseed expeller units (and also for groundnut processing
units) from the small scale sector, along with emphasis on technology
upgradation and modernization of the edible oil processing units to
ensure their enhanced efficiency and capacity utilization leading to
reduction in real costs of processing.
ix
Price
Policy
Rabi Crops
for
S.7
Imports of oilseeds continue to be restricted with 30 percent
import duty even when import duty on edible oils has been reduced
to zero. Logically, the import duty is graduated from low on raw
material to the highest on refined product. The Commission,
therefore, feels that the duty structure of nil duty on crude oils and
7.5 percent duty on refined oils and high duty of 30 percent on
import of oilseeds defies economic sense. As such, there is a need to
impose an import tariff of 10 percent on oilseeds and also review the
extant duty structure on oilseeds, raw and refined oils and levy it as
per economic rationality, say at 10, 12.5 and 15 percent respectively
on oil seeds, crude edible oils and refined edible oils.
S.8
Pulses imports are open at zero import duty, but exports of
many pulses are banned. This is typically a pro-consumer policy,
which is not in the best interest of the producer. The Commission
recommends that the export of pulses be opened thus creating a
neutral trade policy. The Commission also recommends that
imports of pulses should have a 10 percent import duty for the next
three years to promote their production at home, given their import
bill of Rs 8767 crores in 2011-12.
S.9
Efficiency gaps in India's yield levels compared to those of the
world average are quite significant. These gaps increase
substantially when our yield levels are compared with the countries
having the highest world yields for the respective crops. It needs to
be appreciated that the prudent solution to increasing costs of
production lies in enhancing productivity. Therefore, the
Commission recommends that an Expert Committee be set up by
the Government to study the international best farming practices,
including seeds being used by benchmark countries, so that India
can adapt these to its specific conditions and leapfrog into a higher
plane of productivity levels.
S.10 It is commendable to see that the public expenditure on
agriculture as a percentage of agri-GDP has almost doubled
between 2000-01 and 2011-12. But almost 80 percent of this is
going as input subsidies and only 20 percent as investments in
agriculture. The input subsidies have much lower marginal rates of
return than investments in agriculture. This calls for a paradigm shift
in public expenditure strategy for agriculture geared towards
rationalizing and containing input subsidies and channelizing those
savings towards agri-investments. The Commission recommends
that an expert committee be set up to look into this aspect in greater
details and come out with a feasible strategy on this.
x
Chapter 1
Price
Chapter 1
An Overview
1.1
Indian farmers have clocked a record food grain production of 257.4

million tonnes (an increase of 5.2 percent over last year) and scaled
new peaks in rice and wheat production in 2011-12. Rice
production has touched a new record at 104.3 million tonnes in
2011-12 (an increase of 8.7 percent over last year). A fifth record
wheat crop in a row at 93.9 million tonnes is also reported(an
increase of 8.1 percent over last year). However, for coarse cereals
as a whole, the total output of 42.0 million tonnes in 2011-12 is 3.8
percent less than that of last year and total pulses production in
2011-12 is also estimated to be 5.6 percent less than last year at
17.21 million tonnes. The production of total nine oilseeds in 201112 is also lower than last year by 7.3 percent at 30.06 million tonnes
(Chart 1.1). Reaping bumper crops for two successive years may be
the result of normal and well-distributed monsoons in 2011-12. For
the year 2012-13, however, there is a likelihood of India receiving
subnormal rains. This demands close surveillance with contingency
plans in place.
Policy
Rabi Crops
for
Record
production of
foodgrains
(257.4 million
tonnes) in 201112, but lower
production of
coarse cereals,
pulses and
oilseeds
Likely
subnormal
monsoon in
2012-13
Source: DES, Ministry of Agriculture

Note: Figures for 2009-10 & 2010-11 are Final Estimates; figures for 2011-12 are 4th Advance
Estimates
03
Price
Policy
Rabi Crops
for
1.2
A more than four year ban on wheat and common rice exports till
September 2011, despite bumper harvests, and the lack of a clear
road map on the implementation of the proposed National Food
Security Bill (NFSB) have led to a 'problem of plenty' in Central Pool
stocks. As against the buffer stock norm of 31.9 million tonnes of rice
& wheat (as on 1st July of each year), total Central Pool stocks were
st
more than double at 80.5 million tonnes on 1 July, 2012 (Chart 1.2).
This has been a repeat of the peak of Central pool stocks achieved in
2002-03 (63 million tonnes), which was also a result of a ban on
exports of rice & wheat during 1996-2000. Periodic overstocking by
public sector agencies has huge implications on the fiscal side, apart
from distorting the food grain market. Overstocking leads to the
associated storage crisis. Currently, FCI is facing an acute storage crisis
with covered capacity estimated at around 45.9 million tonnes and
Covered & Plinth (CAP) storage of 17.4 million tonnes against the
stocks crossing 80 million tonnes. This indicates that a large stock of
foodgrains face high risk of damage.
1.3
The current peak of 80.5 million tonnes comprises 49.8 million

tonnes of wheat (against a buffer norm of 20.10 million tonnes) and
30.7 million tonnes of rice (against a buffer norm of 11.80 million
tonnes). The procurement of wheat has exceeded 38.0 million
tonnes, almost 10 million tonnes higher than last year's record
procurement of 28.3 million tonnes. Rice & wheat exports have been
opened since September 2011. As per USDA, India is likely to be the
world's leading exporter of rice in 2011-12 with record exports of
Acute storage
crisis for FCIincreasing risks
of wastage of
foodgrains
Problem of
plenty in
Central Pool
stocks stoked
by restrictive
trade policy
04
Price
Policy
Rabi Crops
for
8.0 million tonnes and is set to export another 7.0 million tonnes in
2012-13. Indian wheat proved uncompetitive in 2011-12 due to
fall in international wheat prices in the latter half of the year. With a
recent strengthening of the global prices of wheat, it is expected
that India may export 1.8 million tonnes in 2012-13 (USDA).
1.4
The enhanced procurement of wheat and rice in recent years has

not been accompanied by a commensurate increase in allocation
for Targeted Public Distribution System (TPDS) and other schemes,
with offtake even lower than the quantity allocated with
consequent buildup of stocks (Chart 1.3). This low offtake is
indicative of a weak distribution network and changing patterns of
demand of people in India. Thus, the foodgrain economy is trapped
in a situation of increasing production and procurement with no
corresponding outlet for consumption/processing, leading to
storage crisis and associated wastages. This situation has been
aggravated by the uncertainty caused by the NFSB and the grains
requirement therein.
Record rice
exports in 201112, wheat
expected to
catch up in
2012-13
Enhanced
procurement
not matched
by increasing
Note: Allocation and Offtake are for TPDS

Source: Food Bulletin, March 2012, DFPD
1.5
offtake
leading to
st
The bloating excess stocks, beyond the buffer stock norms, as on 1

July, 2012 amount to around Rs 73,000 crore1 locked in FCI
godowns. Accounting for the fact that the economic cost of FCI for
acquiring, storing and distributing foodgrains is about 40 percent
more than the procurement price, the locked in stocks value more
than Rs 1 lakh crore. The macroeconomic implication of this
@Rs 12850 per tonne for 29.7 million tonnes of wheat and Rs 18000 per tonne, levy price for
procurement of rice, for 18.9 million tonnes of rice held in excess of the norm, as on 1st July,
2012
bloated stocks
05
Price
Policy
for
Kharif Crops
Price
Policy
Rabi Crops
for
infusion of excess money into the economy without

corresponding flow of goods is causing inflationary pressures. The
burgeoning fiscal deficit, comprising mainly of expanding
subsidies on food, fertilizer and fuel, is one of the main causes of
high inflation in India. Food inflation is also being caused by weak
and fragmented value chains, especially for perishable
commodities like fruits and vegetables, milk and milk products,
and eggs, meat and fish.
Stocks with FCI

lock up Rs 1 lakh
crore worth
goods-fuelling
inflation
1.6
Food inflation
largely due to
F&V, milk and
protein items and
not due to cereals
06
India has been experiencing persistent and elevated food inflation

over the last few years in the face of bumper crops of food grains
and overflowing food stocks. During the first half of 2011-12, food
inflation remained in the range of 8-10 percent but eased out
towards the latter half of 2011-12 when it fell to 0.8 percent in
December, 2011 and (-) 0.7 percent in January, 2012. This was
mainly due to base effect aided by good production of seasonal
crops and a tight monetary policy. Food inflation has again gone to
double digits since March, 2012. A distinct feature of food price
inflation in recent years has been the increased contribution of
fruits & vegetables, milk and fish, meat & eggs to food inflation vis-vis the share of cereals and pulses. (Chart 1.4). This clearly shows
that MSP increases in cereals, pulses and oilseeds announced
recently (last two years), are not inflicting significant inflationary
pressures on food prices. In fact it is the non-MSP segment of food,
which is the main cause for worry.
xi
Price
Policy
Rabi Crops
for
1.7
Both supply and demand factors are contributing to food inflation.

Demand for cereals has been static and abundant supplies of
cereals and robust buffer stocks have dampened their price
volatility. Demand for high value commodities is increasing but
erratic supplies lead to wide fluctuations in their prices. With the
Indian economy growing steadily and the middle class expanding,
Indian households across all income classes are diversifying their
consumption pattern with the inclusion of high-value and higherprotein items, like fruits, dairy products, meat, and processed foods
in the consumption basket. The monthly per capita consumption of
cereals has declined between 1999-00 and 2009-10 in urban and
rural areas across all expenditure groups (Chart 1.5). The share of
expenditure on cereals in total food expenditure has declined from
41.1 percent in 1987-88 to 37.4 percent in 1999-00 to 29.1 percent
in 2009-10 in rural areas and from 26.6 percent in 1987-88 to 25.8
percent in 1999-00 to 22.4 percent in 2009-10 in urban areas.
Shift in the
Indian food
basket towards
high value
commodities
Decile Expenditure Class
1.8
Despite the shift in the consumption pattern, rice and wheat still
dominate and remain the focus of food security concerns among policy
makers. It needs to be appreciated that cereals constitute only about
one fifths of the total value of output from agriculture and allied sector
which is less than the contribution from the livestock sector and almost
equal to that of fruits & vegetables. Given the rising share of high value
commodities in the total value of agricultural output and their higher
expenditure elasticity, this segment is likely to drive future agricultural
growth. Being highly perishable in nature, this segment requires faster
and better linkages between farms and firms in the logistics, processing
and organized retailing. This would entail the development of market
institutions such as modern food retailing that strengthens and
Institutionalized
Linkages
between from
farm to fork
required for
growth of highvalue
agriculture
07
Price
Policy
Rabi Crops
for
compresses the value chain and offers low prices to consumers and
higher realizations for farmers.
1.9
Growth in
agriculture
sector in XIth
Plan lower than
targeted 4%
80 percent
investment in
agriculture done
by private
sector
08
The Agriculture & allied sector is poised to grow at 2.8 per cent
during 2011-12 on top of previous year's growth rate of 7.0 per
cent. The sector has grown at an estimated rate of 3.4 percent
during the Eleventh Plan (2007-2012) compared to the growth
rates of 2.5 percent (1997-2002) and 2.4 percent (2002- 2007)
during Ninth and Tenth Plans respectively (Chart 1.6). But it is still
below the targeted growth rate of 4 percent which is imperative for
achieving inclusive development.
1.10 Growth in agriculture is heavily dependent on investments in

agriculture. As a percentage of agri-GDP, the GCF (agri) has
increased substantially during the last decade from 11.9 percent in
2000-01 to 20.1 in 2010-11. Public investment in agriculture as a
percentage of agri-GDP has increased from 1.8 percent in 2000-01
to 3.6 percent in 2010-11. Though public investment in agriculture is
critical and important, in reality it forms only 20 per cent of the total
investment in agriculture. The other 80 per cent comes from the
private sector, i.e., from farmers who respond better and faster to
incentive structures provided by markets and prices (Chart 1.7). A
positive price policy with liberal agri-markets, therefore, is essential
to propel private investments in agriculture, which ultimately will
help accelerate growth in agriculture, and alleviate poverty faster.
Chart 1.7: GCF in Agriculture and Share of public and private investments
Price
Policy
Rabi Crops
for
1.11 Private investments in agriculture also respond positively to public

investments in agriculture. But the paradox of Indian agriculture is
that it receives public resources more in the form of subsidies
(fertilizers, power, irrigation, etc) than public investments. These
input subsidies, as a percentage of agri-GDP, have increased at a
faster pace than public investment, from 8.9 percent in 2000-01 to
17.4 percent in 2009-10 (Chart 1.8). Given fiscal constraints, there is
always a trade-off between allocating money through subsidies and
increasing investments. Research2shows that marginal returns from
investments are much higher (5 to 10 times) than through subsidies.
So the focus of public expenditure for agriculture needs to shift
towards investments to boost productivity rather than subsidies.
This demands rationalization of input subsidies on a priority. The
Commission recommends that an expert committee be set up to
look into this aspect in greater detail and suggest ways and means
how this rationalization and containment of input subsidies can be
carried out and the savings thereupon can be channeled towards
agri-investments.
Investment, subsidies, and pro-poor growth in rural India by Shenggen Fan, Ashok Gulati and
Sukhadeo Thorat, Agricultural Economics 39 (2008) Pgs 163-170
Investments
rather than
subsidies
required for
sustainable
growth
09
Price
Policy
Rabi Crops
for
FAO's outlook
for 2012/13prices
remaining firm
Global Outlook
1.12 According to FAO Food Outlook, June 2012, international prices of most
commodities weakened in recent weeks on generally favourable supply
prospects amid growing economic uncertainties and a strengthening US
dollar. The FAO Food Price Index (FFPI), with the base of 2002-04, averaged
201 points in June 2012, down 1.8 percent from May and the lowest since
September 2010. Grain prices were very volatile in June, with weather as
the main driver. After a generally subdued situation during the first half of
the month, markets moved up sharply in the second half amid
deteriorating crop prospects, most notably for maize in the United States.
The increase in maize prices underpinned wheat values, which were
already experiencing some increase on downward adjustments to
production forecasts in the Russian Federation.
1.13 Wheat prices are already under pressure as global wheat production is
anticipated to fall by 4.0 percent from 2011-12 levels to 665 million tonnes
in 2012-13 (IGC) due to unfavourable weather conditions in some
countries. World wheat trade in 2012-13 is forecast to contract by around
3.5 percent, after an almost 8.7 percent surge in 2011-12, reflecting a
weakening of import demand, especially for feed wheat. International
prices for oil crops and derived products have appreciated strongly since
January and should remain firm given the increasingly tight supply and
demand situation.
Adequate incentive
structures through
open and free
markets is required
for increasing
investment in
agriculture
10
1.14 Farming needs to be made a lucrative and sustainable source of income so

that it encourages adoption of modern technologies to raise productivity
levels in agriculture. As private investment accounts for 80 percent of the
total investment in agriculture, adequate incentive structures through free
and open markets are required to undertake investment to enhance
productivity. Inadequate availability of quality inputs, low farm
productivity, insufficient market access for agricultural produce and an
inefficient supply chain are some of the critical aspects that need urgent
attention. In the following chapters of the Report, some critical aspects of
major rabi crops are analyzed viz, domestic demand and supply,
procurement systems, efficacy of price policy, international
competitiveness of major rabi crops, costs and returns in crop production,
and relationship between productivity and real costs. Based on these
analyses, the Commission gives its price and non-price policy
recommendations in the final chapter of the Report.
Chapter 2
Price
Chapter 2
Demand-Supply, Procurement and Efficacy of Price Policy
Policy
Rabi Crops
for
Domestic Market Scenario

2.1. In a market economy, prices are determined by the basic forces of
demand and supply. While demand (consumption/usage) of agricommodities is generally spread out over the whole year, its supply
(domestic production) comes during a particular period (crop
season). Therefore, to match the year round demand of a particular
commodity, traders/governments carry stocks of that commodity.
The ratio of year end stocks to year round expected demand
(usage) of that commodity, thus, becomes an important parameter
to gauge the degree of tightness or abundance of that commodity
vis--vis demand. But estimating demand is a challenge given that
it is influenced by not only rising population but also incomes of the
people, prices of the commodity under consideration and its close
substitutes as well as tastes and preferences of people. Since these
factors are quite dynamic, only an approximation of the likely
demand is possible. This report uses estimates of demand and year
end stocks from trade estimates or Government sources,
depending upon their availability and reliability. These stocks-touse ratios for major rabi crops are reported in table 2.1, while their
detailed working is given in Annex table 2.27.
Rapeseed and Mustard

Rapeseed and Mustard #
2.2.
An examination of the wholesale prices of the major rabi crops,

wheat, gram, lentils and rapeseed/mustard seed reveals that while
the price of wheat has been largely steady, the prices of gram,
13
Price
Policy
Rabi Crops
for
lentils and mustard seed show a rising trend from around the first
quarter of 2012. This is depicted in Chart 2.1, which shows the
wholesale mandi prices of select crops as on 5.7.2012 and over
different time periods during the last two years. Prices of all crops,
except wheat have been ruling above their respective MSPs. Prima
facie, it is apparent that while the stock-to-use ratio seems
comfortable in the case of wheat, there exists a problem with respect
to the other rabi crops.
High prices of
rabi crops,
except wheat,
largely due to
supply
constraints.
2.3
th
The NSS Report, 2009-10 (66 Round) on consumer expenditure

shows that consumption patterns are diversifying, and
consequently, the per capita demand for cereals is declining. Supply
of oilseeds and pulses falls short of their total demand and
therefore the demand-supply gap is met by imports. The pressure
on prices is due to lower domestic availability of these
commodities, and thus, the focus should be on managing their
supplies through increased production and/or imports, depending
upon India's comparative advantage.
Cereals- Wheat
14
2.4
With respect to wheat, owing to high production and procurement

levels, there are no supply constraints; the stock position has
increased dramatically leading to a high stocks-to-use ratio, up from
18.7 percent in 2009-10 to 23.3 percent in 2010-11 and 33.2
percent in 2011-12 (Table 2.1). Wheat Balance Sheet is given in
Annex table 2.27.
2.5
As a result of this successively and significantly improving stocks-touse ratio, the inflation rate of wheat was largely in the negative zone
1.3
The current peak of 80.5 million tonnes comprises 49.8 million tonnes of
wheat (against a buffer norm of 20.10 million tonnes) and 30.7 million
tonnes of rice (against a buffer norm of 11.80 million tonnes). The
procurement of wheat has exceeded 38.0 million tonnes, almost 10
tonnes
higherfrom
thanNovember
last year's2010
record
procurement
28.3
inmillion
14 of the
17 months
up to
March 2012.ofThis
million tonnes.high
Ricestock-to-use
& wheat exports
been opened
unprecedented
ratio andhave
consequent
low ratesince
of
September
2011.prices
As perwas
USDA,
India
is likely
to be the
world's leading
inflation
in wheat
largely
due
to (i) record
production
and
exporter of rice
in 2011-12
with
record exports
of 8.0 regime,
million tonnes
procurement
of wheat;
(ii) the
controlled
trade policy
that
and initially
is set toadopted
export another
7.0 million
in 2012-13.
was
during the
period tonnes
of scarcity
in 2007, Indian
but
wheat proved
uncompetitive
2011-12
to fall(iii)
in international
continued
during
the 'surplus'inperiod
up due
to 2011;
leakage of
wheat from
prices
the Distribution
latter half System
of the (PDS)
year. into
Withthea open
recent
wheat
theipn
Public
strengthening of the global prices of wheat, it is expected that India
market.
may export 1.8 million tonnes in 2012-13 (USDA).
2.6
1.4
But things are now gradually changing. The increased procurement

The
enhanced procurement
wheat and
rice in recent
yearsinhas
by government
in 2012 has of
somewhat
reduced
availability
thenot
been
by aascommensurate
increase
in allocation
open accompanied
market. And now,
exports of wheat
have been
permitted,for
th
Targeted
Distribution
Systemprices
(TPDS)
other
schemes,
and givenPublic
the rising
global wheat
of and
wheat
since
June 15with
,
offtake
even
lower
than
the
quantity
allocated
with
consequent
2012, domestic prices of wheat may rise, albeit only marginally.
buildup
stocks
(Chartis 1.3).
This increasing,
low offtakefrom
is indicative
a weak
Inflationofrate
of wheat
currently
-0.58 perofcent
in
distribution
network
and
changing
patterns
of
demand
of
people
March 2012 to 5.97 per cent in April 2012 and to 6.82 per cent in in
India.
Thus,which
the foodgrain
economy
is trapped
in a situation
June 2012,
is marginally
higher than
the corresponding
rate of
increasing
in 2010. production and procurement with no corresponding outlet
for consumption/processing, leading to storage crisis and associated
This situation has been aggravated by the uncertainty
Coarsewastages.
Cereals - Barley
caused by the NFSB and the grains requirement therein.
2.7
Price
Policy
Rabi Crops
for
Wheat prices
are generally
depressed
owing to high
stocks-to-use
ratio and food
management
related issues.
As per the Fourth Advance Estimates, the estimated total

production of coarse cereals is 42 million tonnes, which is lower
than last year's production of 43.68 million tonnes. A marginal
decline in the production of barley is also estimated, from 1.66
million tonnes to 1.61 million tonnes. Although the stocks-to-use
ratio for barley had increased from 15.2 percent in 2009-10 to 19.5
percent in 2010-11; it declined sharply to 11.2 percent in 2011-12,
indicating a somewhat tight supply situation as compared to last
year (Table 2.1). Barley Balance Sheet is given in Annex table 2.27.
15
2.8
Barley ranks the lowest among coarse cereals as seen from Chart 2.2.
Due to increasing demand for barley by brewers, the crop prices have
generally shown an increasing trend since 2008. But coarse grains are
also used as feed grains, and feed grains are highly substitutable. As a
result, prices of any feed grain are influenced by the supply and
demand for the entire feed grain complex. Rising demand for maize as
a feed material, and for exports, is also impacting the price of barley. A
scatter diagram of barley and maize prices (Chart 2.3) with each point
reflecting figures for a particular month during the period, April 2001
to June 2012, shows positive correlation between the two.
Oilseeds Rapeseed/mustard & safflower

2.9
16
Rapeseed/mustard is India's biggest domestic oil bearing oilseed.

Wholesale prices of rapeseed/mustard have been showing an
increasing trend, as seen from Chart 2.1, largely due to the
expectation of lower production of oilseeds in 2011-12. As per the
Fourth Advance Estimates, the output for the nine oilseeds as a
whole, is estimated to decline from 32.5 million tonnes in 2010-11 to
30 million tonnes in 2011-12 (a drop of 7.6 percent); for
rapeseed/mustard, from 8.2 million tonnes to 6.8 million tonnes,
which is a 17 percent drop; and safflower from 0.15 to 0.12 million
tonnes, a drop of 20 percent.
Price
2.10 While the trade also estimates production of rapeseed/mustard to
decline by about 14 per cent over last year, from 7 million tonnes last
year to 6.15 million tonnes in 2011-12, it is seen that their absolute
figures for both the years are at variance with the DAC figures. With
the traders' estimates, the stocks-to-use ratio for rapeseed/mustard
shows a sharp decline, from 19.2 in 2010-11 to 4.5 per cent in 201112, indicating a tight supply situation as compared to the comfortable
situation last year; this is also reflected in the rising prices. The
rapeseed/mustard Balance Sheet is given in Annex table 2.27.
Policy
Rabi Crops
for
Pulses-Gram/Lentil
2.11 India's pulses production peaked last year to 18.24 million tonnes. As
per the Fourth Advance Estimates, production of pulses is estimated
to decline by 5.6 per cent to 17.21 million tonnes. Of the total pulses
production during the triennium ending 2011-12, 46.5 per cent was
contributed by gram (Chart 2.4); gram production in 2011-12 is
estimated at 7.58 million tonnes, a drop of 7.8 percent over the
previous year. Lentil production is estimated to be steady at 0.94
million tonnes (as per the third advance estimates of 2011-12). It was
1.03 million tonnes in 2009-10.
Chart 2.4: Pulses Production -Share of Major Pulses, TE 2011-12
Source: DES
2.12 With the decline in production, it is expected that the stocks of gram
would also have declined. This is corroborated by the pressure on
wholesale prices of gram (desi chana) observed for more than a year.
Currently, the futures prices of chana are also trading around Rs 4800
a quintal and serve as an indication of supply tightness in the coming
months. This scenario is however not confirmed by the stock-to-use
17
Price
Policy
Rabi Crops
for
Selective
export policy
for kabuli
chana leading
to skewed
market
behavior
leaving desi
chana behind
18
ratio of gram, as shown in Table 2.1, as the production figures as

estimated by the DAC do not support the increasing price trend
observed in the case of gram. On the other hand, trade estimates of
production show a sharp decline in production and also indicate an
extremely tight supply position ahead as measured by stock-to-use
ratio, which has turned negative in 2011-12 (Table 2.1). The variance
between the DAC figures and trade figures is too large (also presented
in Annex table 2.27), indicating the need to examine the robustness
of DAC estimates of production vis--vis trade estimates of
production. It may be pointed out here that the trade estimates of
production generally explain the movement of domestic prices
better than the DAC production estimates.
2.13 Prices of gram are rising sharply for the last six months (Chart 2.1),
largely due to the decline in production. But a shift to kabuli chana by
farmers may have also contributed to the same. While exports of all
pulses are banned since June 27, 2006, export of kabuli chana is
permitted since February 20, 2007. This skewed policy has led to a
shift in cultivation from one variety of gram, desi chana, to kabuli
chana, in Madhya Pradesh and Andhra Pradesh. Consequently,
production of kabuli chana is forecast to jump by about 50 percent in
2011-12 (from about 0.4 million tonnes to 0.6 million tonnes; Source:
NCDEX). Growing export demand and lucrative returns are attributed
to the increase in Kabuli chana sown area and output (Source:
VISIONAGRICO Research). Export of kabuli chana has increased by
more than 230 per cent from 61,300 tonnes in 2006-07 to 2,04,600
tonnes in 2010-11. In 2011-12, up to September 1,15,000 tonnes have
been exported. The trade estimates the total exports of kabuli chana
in 2011-12 at 1,98,000 tonnes (Source: VISIONAGRICO Research). The
decline in total gram production would therefore imply a greater
reduction in the production and supplies of desi chana, thus
impacting on its domestic price. The spurt in kabuli chana prices and
the consequent growing divergence as compared to gram prices since
middle of 2008 are indicative of the increasingly dominant position of
kabuli chana in the domestic market (Chart 2.5).
Price
Policy
Rabi Crops
for
2.14 In addition, after March 2012, the limited import of yellow peas,
viewed as a cheaper (though imperfect) substitute of chana, also
influenced the price of gram (Source: NCDEX). Prices of gram,
though at a premium, have generally moved in tandem with the
prices of yellow peas. However, since last year a growing
divergence in price of chana vis--vis that of yellow peas is
observed. Gram prices, led by kabuli chana prices as shown in
chart 2.6, seem to be increasing at a faster rate than yellow peas.
Chart 2.6:
Average Monthly Wholesale Prices of Chana and

Yellow Peas (Jan 2010 to 17 Jul 2012)
Source: DES, VISIONAGRICO Research
2.15 Therefore, to keep neutrality in incentives for different types of

pulses, the Commission recommends that pulses as a group be
opened up for exports so that relative prices of various pulses reposition themselves, and don't get skewed in favor of kabuli
chana.
19
Price
Policy
Rabi Crops
for
Procurement Policy and Operations

2.16 Among the rabi crops, the role of procurement operations to give
support to MSP is largely limited to wheat. In addition, as indicated
earlier, prices of all other rabi crops were higher than their respective
MSPs. National Agricultural Cooperative Marketing Federation of
India Limited (NAFED), National Cooperative Consumers' Federation
of India Limited (NCCF) and Central Warehousing Corporation (CWC)
are the Central Nodal Agencies of the Government of India for
undertaking procurement of oilseeds and pulses under Price Support
Scheme (PSS), when the market rates of a particular commodity fall
below MSP. As the market prices of rabi oilseeds, namely,
mustard/rapeseed and safflower seed and pulses, namely gram and
masur covered under PSS ruled above MSP, market intervention
under the Scheme has not been necessitated (Source: NAFED).
Rising share
of state
agencies in
total
procurement
has led to
record
procurement
2.17 Hence procurement related issues are discussed only for wheat. Due
to excess stocks, the challenge, therefore, is more on the marketing of
wheat, domestic as well as exports. In the absence of free and fair
markets, it is only incumbent on the government to ensure that
farmers get at least the MSP that is announced. In order to do this,
Government has designated Food Corporation of India (FCI) for
providing effective price support to cereals, especially wheat and
rice.
2.18 During the current year, a quantity of 31.8 million tonnes was
targeted to be procured. Starting with an opening balance of stocks of
Central Pool as of 1.4.2012 of 53.30 million tonnes (20 percent higher
than that of last year), comprising 19.95 million tonnes of wheat and
33.35 million tonnes of rice, as of 1.6.2012 the total stock of
foodgrains was 82.32 million tonnes of foodgrains (an increase of
16.84 million tonnes over last year), comprising 50.17 million tonnes
of wheat and 32.15 million tonnes of rice; while the buffer norm
(including strategic reserves) was only 31.9 million tonnes, as on
1.7.2012.
2.19 The procurement of wheat as a percentage of production and
marketed surplus from 2001-02 to 2011-12 is graphically depicted in
Chart 2.7. Procurement as a percentage of production has crossed 40
per cent in 2012-13 (as of 30.6.2012). It is also observed that over the
years, more than 45 percent of the marketed surplus is procured by
the government.
20
Price
Chart 2.7: Wheat Procurement as % of Production & Market Surplus (2001-02 to 2011-12)
Policy
Rabi Crops
for
Source: DES, DFPD, Agricultural Statistics At A Glance, 2011
2.20 This situation becomes more glaring when procurement is taken as a

percentage of market arrivals. As is evident from Chart 2.8, at the allIndia level nearly 95 per cent of wheat arrivals in regulated markets
(where arrivals are recorded) are procured by the government; this
is contributed by major states like Haryana, Punjab and Uttar
Pradesh who account for more than 70 per cent of wheat
procurement.
Chart 2.8: Procurement as a percentage of Arrivals in select states (2008-09 to 2012-13)
Top 5 states
account for
around 98 per
cent of the
total wheat
procurement
100.0
(%)
80.0
60.0
40.0
20.0
0.0
Haryana
Madhya
Pradesh
2008-09
Punjab
2009-10
Rajasthan
2010-11
Uttar Pradesh
2011-12
All-India
2012-13
Source: DFPD
Note: The status is shown as on 30th June of each year
2.21 In recent years, states like Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan are also
catching up on this trend. During the last three years, the declining
share in wheat procurement of Haryana, Punjab and Uttar Pradesh
has been more than compensated by Madhya Pradesh and
Rajasthan. Charts 2.9 (a) and 2.9 (b) reveal the changes in the
relative share of procurement among major states in RMS 2010-11
and RMS 2012-13.
21
Price
Chapter 1.
An Overview
Policy
Rabi Crops
for
2.22 Thus the government, as the single largest buyer of wheat, is virtually
a monopsonist in the domestic wheat market. This is not a healthy
trend, if markets are to function as a barometer of price discovery.
Absence of competition is also not healthy for long term efficiency in
procurement operations as well as for farmers.
MP: A case of state policy leading to state take-over of wheat market
MP has been providing Rs 100/qtl bonus to its farmers since 2007-08 which has created a spurt in
wheat production and procurement.
In a span of five years, from 2007-08 to 2011-12, area under wheat has increased from 3.7 million
ha to 4.9 million ha and production of wheat from 6.0 million tonnes to 10.5 million tonnes
MP has emerged as a major wheat procuring state almost matching the traditional grain
procuring states of Punjab, Haryana and UP in terms of production and procurement.
Nearly 80 per cent of wheat stocks in CAP are stored in kutcha CAP this year, as compared to 42 per
cent last year.
From procuring 0.8 percent of wheat produce in 2006-07, the Government has now cornered 85
per cent of its total wheat produce in 2011-12 (RMS 2012-13.)This has nearly wiped away the
private trade in MP. (See chart below)
12
10
Mn tonnes
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Bonus of Rs
Rs 100 on MSP
MSP for
for wheat
wheat
since 2007-08
8
6
4
2
Production
Source: DES, FCI
22
Procurement
2011-12
2010-11
2009-10
2008-09
2007-08
2006-07
2005-06
2004-05
2003-04
2002-03
2001-02
2000-01
(%)
Chart 2.10: Procurement as a share of production in MP (2000-01 to 2011-12)
Procurement As a % of Production
Price
Policy
Rabi Crops
for
2.23 It is interesting that although, even after 14 years, Decentralised

Procurement (DCP) has not been widely accepted, the share of
DCP states, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat and Uttarakhand, has
increased from 18 per cent in RMS 2011-12 to 23 per cent in RMS
2012-13, largely due to the 71 per cent increase in contribution
from MP. However, storage facilities have not been ramped up
synchronously.
Storage capacity
2.24 The total storage capacity of FCI and state agencies, as on 1.6.2012,
was 63.30 million lakh tonnes, of which covered capacity was 45.94
million tonnes and the rest were under Cover and Plinth (CAP).
Including capacity taken over under PEG as on 1.6.2012, the total
storage capacity in the country adds up to 64.59 million tonnes.
st
The stock position as on 1 June 2012 was 82.32 million tonnes,
comprising 50.17 million tonnes of wheat. It needs to be
highlighted that more than 54 per cent of these stocks of wheat
were stored in CAP (as compared to less than 50 per cent last year);
of which 13 per cent were in kutcha CAP.
Almost total
government
takeover of
the market
has led to
crowding out
the private
sector
2.25 An examination of the comparative position of wheat stocks in CAP

in major procuring states as on 1st June 2011 and 1st June 2012
reveals that wheat stocks are increasingly being kept in kutcha CAP
(Table 2.2). Given the 35 per cent increase in procurement of wheat
in RMS 2012-13 as compared to last year as on 30.6.2012, the Table
gives a picture of the dearth of efficient storage capacities currently
available with the state agencies in the context of their rising
procurement levels. Thus a substantial portion of the grains are
exposed to the vagaries of weather and resultant damage. The lack
of preparedness of MP is quite apparent; the 73 per cent increase
in procurement has led to a concomitant increase in the share of
stocks in kutcha CAP.
23
Price
Policy
Rabi Crops
Table 2.2 Comparative position of wheat procurement & stocks in CAP & % in
Kutcha CAP in major states as on 1st June 2011 and 1st June 2012 (Million Tonnes)
for
RMS 2011-12
State
Punjab
Haryana
U.P.
Rajasthan
M.P.
Grand
Total
Source: FCI
Stocks of wheat
exposed to
damage in the
absence of
sufficient storage
capacities
meeting
scientific
standards
24
RMS 2012-13
Share of
Share of
Stocks
Procurement Stocks
CAP stocks
CAP stocks
Procurement
in
in RMS
in
in Kutcha
in Kutcha
CAP
2012-13
CAP
CAP (%)
CAP (%)
10.95 10.92
8.7
12.83 13.51
22.65
6.88
6.04
0
8.67
8.95
9.61
3.46
0.31
0
5.16
0.58
0
1.30
0.68
29.41
1.96
1.03
33.01
4.90
0.64
42.19
8.5
2.95
78.38
27.97
18.76
7.73
37.89
27.39
24.13
2.26 As share of FCI in procurement of wheat, vis--vis state agencies has

been progressively declining; from 23 per cent of total procurement in
2008-09 to 13 per cent in the current year, the onus is on the state
governments to set up adequate storage facilities, before embarking
on a high procurement mission. In this context the Commission
recommends that in these years of bumper production and stocks, the
government revisit the policy of following an open-ended
procurement by FCI. Instead, rational procurement targets for states
may be fixed keeping in view the PDS requirements of each state. This
would also help in addressing the high economic cost incurred by FCI in
its procurement and distribution operations.
2.27 The economic costs of FCI pertaining to wheat are shown in Chart 2.11.
Over the last 5 years, while MSP of wheat has increased by 51 per cent,
the economic cost of procuring the same by FCI has increased by about
39 per cent. The average handling cost per metric tonne for 2010-11
for contractual labour was Rs. 41.4 while for departmental labour, it
was Rs. 311.1 and for workers under the Direct Payment System it was
Rs. 136.9. This indicates contractual labour of FCI were the least
3
expensive. However, the Ministry of Labour and Employment , has
prohibited employment of Contract Labour in the depots of FCI. Here,
the private sector needs to be involved to impart efficiency to the
procurement and handling operations.
Under the provisions subsection (1) of section 10 of Contract Labour (Regulation & Abolition) Act, 1970.
Price
Policy
Rabi Crops
for
High economic
costs of FCI owing
to diseconomies
of scale
2.28 The economic cost of procurement to FCI (worked on constant

price basis-base 2004-05) has been rising from 1993-94 to 2011-12
(BE) with increasing scale of procurement (Chart 2.12). This
indicates that FCI suffers from 'diseconomies of scale', i.e.,
increasing inefficiencies with increasing levels of procurement.
This may be attributed to higher procurement incidentals and
increasing carrying costs of the buffer stock, but it certainly points
out that FCI is on the rising part of the cost curve and its operations
need to be contained, not expanded, if any efficiency in
procurement is to be attained.
Chart 2.12: Economic Cost of Wheat to FCI Vs Procurement
(1993-94 to 2011-12)
25
Price
Policy
Rabi Crops
for
2.29 A major contribution of increasing procurement incidentals are the

high rates of statutory levies imposed on the market by different
states, which vary from 1.5 per cent in Karnataka to 14.5 per cent in
Punjab. The statutory levies imposed by state governments are given
in Table 2.3. While states like M.P, Gujarat, Rajasthan and Delhi have
not levied any VAT on wheat, the states listed in the Table 2.3 have
imposed 4-5 per cent VAT. In addition cesses are also levied for
Infrastructure Development (ID) and Rural Development (RD), all of
which will have a cascading effect on prices. These add to the costs of
procurement for FCI which ultimately accrue to the food subsidy bill.
Around Rs 7000 crore (10 percent of the food subsidy in 2011-12) have
been collected in 2011-12 from FCI through levies in states like Punjab,
Haryana, AP & MP. The Commission therefore recommends exempting
State VAT and other levies on procurement of food grains.
Region
Market/
Mandi Fee/
APMC Cess
Commission
VAT
Punjab
2.5
Haryana
U.P
Uttarakhand
Madhya
Pradesh
Gujarat
Jharkhand
Bihar
2
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
5
4
4
2.5
1
1
2.5
2.5
2.5
4
4
CESS
Total
5
14.5
(RD+ID)
2 (RD) 11.5
9
9
0.20
4.7
(NS)
3.5
7.5
6.5
--
Price after tax

at Mandi (Rs.
/Qtl
1471
1433
1401
1401
1345
1330
1381
1369
Efficacy of Price Policy

2.30 Despite the intent, farmers across the country do not get the MSP,
due to which they are forced to sell in distress. The prices of wheat that
prevailed in some states during the period October, 2011 to March, 2012,
are indicated in table 2.4.
26
Price
2.31 Together Haryana, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh and
Rajasthan, account for around 98 per cent of the total wheat
procurement. The market prices have been ruling below MSP in
these states. However, as discussed earlier, nearly 85 percent to
100 per cent of arrivals in the above states are procured by
government; these prices may therefore be depressed due to
either the leakages in the PDS or of poor quality, and may not
therefore reflect the true market price. Research has also shown
that between 40-55 per cent of the grain meant for the poor in PDS
4
is diverted.
Policy
Rabi Crops
for
Recommendations
2.32 The fundamental function of the market is price discovery.
However, the disparate policies adopted at the Centre (trade
policy) and some states (bonuses and taxes) have cumulatively led
to market distortions. Government interventions have resulted in
its becoming the single largest procurer and hoarder of foodgrains.
They have also led to inter-crop distortions with farmers opting for
the crop which gets them a bonus over MSP. The resultant high
costs of procurement owing to arbitrary imposition of taxes/levies
by state governments, have also led to crowding out of private
players. Since there has been no streamlining of taxes/levied by
various states, it is only a matter of time before other states also
start raising taxes/levies as Punjab and Haryana have done. Also
there is no limit to how high the taxes could be raised. On top of
this, there are high costs of operations of state agencies, including
leakages. Consequently, FCI would only have to shell out large
amounts under the burden of such arbitrary levies and high costs,
all in the name of food subsidy for the poor. The impact of these
interventions has become more evident this year with the
overflowing stocks in the Central Pool. The Commission
recommends that Competition Commission of India (CCI) look into
these aspects of anti-competitive market behavior, which are not
sustainable in the long run and could lead to a complete collapse of
the competition in wheat markets.
2.33 The Commission also recommends the following to enable markets
to function efficiently:
(i)
The Centre review its policy of open ended procurement
and limit its purchases especially from States which levy
bonus/high taxes.
(ii)
Government may separately review detaching foodgrains as
a group from the purview of taxation.
4
Box 2.5, Economic Survey (2010-11)
27
Price
Policy
Rabi Crops
for
(iii)
Farmers be empowered through direct investment

subsidies/cash transfers, which are crop neutral.
2.34 On the distribution side, government policy on distributing food

through the PDS is based on equity principle of providing food (read
cereals) at cheap rates for the poor households. However, the results
of the NSS survey on consumer expenditure (2009-10) reveals that
households across all income groups have diversified their basket of
consumption by including protein rich items as well as dairy products,
meat, processed foods and fruits and vegetables. Consequently, apart
from usual leakages, the chances of more diversions happening
cannot be ruled out. For instance, a household will get 35 kilograms of
cereals per month at low rates (at Rs 3 for rice, Rs 2 for wheat and Rs 1
for coarse cereals); but as its demand for these cereals is declining, it
becomes profitable for the household to trade the balance. Again,
with farmers withholding a portion of their own produce for
household use, they would also trade their share of the PDS food to
obtain other food items. The NFSB, however, does not provide for
such diversification of the food basket.
2.35 The National Food Security Bill (NFSB), once enacted, will enshrine
people's right to food as a legal right. The foodgrains requirement is
estimated at more than 60 million tonnes. In the current scenario this
requirement is eminently manageable as we are straddled with
bulging stocks. However, one has to envision the scenario if there is a
drought situation like in 2009-10 when foodgrains production
declined by 16 million tonnes, or worse like in 2002-03 when it
declined by 38 million tonnes. It is impossible to source such huge
quantities from the international market to fill such a wide gap
between requirement and production.
2.36 In view of the above, it becomes imperative that the foodgrains
distribution policy be crafted differently. The Commission, therefore,
recommends that food subsidy be given directly to poor households
through smart cards/food coupons, initially in the urban sector,
where markets are more streamlined. Such a policy, while upholding
the equity principle, will lead to:
(i)
Empowering the consumer (which includes the farmer) to
choose his basket of food
(ii)
Avoidance of leakages/diversions in the PDS
(iii) Reduce the burden on the government (and FCI), with respect
to procurement, storage and food subsidy.
28
These recommendations will go a long way in getting markets right

without sacrificing equity.
Chapter 3
Price
Chapter 3
Competitiveness of Indian Agriculture
3.1.
.
3.2.
3.3.
In an economy that is gradually integrating with the world economy,

merchandise trade to GDP ratio increased from 15 percent in 199091 to 46 percent in 2011-12, it is important to know how far
domestic agriculture has integrated with global agri-markets, how
far Indian agri-prices are aligned to global prices, and the level of
competitiveness of Indian agriculture in an open economy
environment. India is the second largest producer of agricultural
produce in the world but has a share of only 1.7 percent in world
trade of agricultural products in 2010. India is a major producer of
foodgrains (wheat, rice, pulses) and cash crops (cotton, sugarcane)
and has emerged as a major exporter of rice, cotton, maize and a
large importer of edible oils and pulses.
In the pre-economic reforms era, the overvalued exchange rate
itself acted as a barrier to agri-exports and thus inflicted an 'implicit
tax' on agri-producers. This was corrected during the 1990s
economic reforms, but the hiccups on fully opening up agri-exports
remained. The export ban on wheat and common rice (1996-2000
and again from 2007-11) are stark reminders of this policy of
restrictive agri-exports. Nevertheless, over a period of two
decades, Indian agriculture is today somewhat more integrated to
world economy than was the case in 1990, and its domestic prices
of most of the agri-commodities are also reasonably aligned to
global prices. The agricultural exports and imports as a percent of
agricultural GDP has risen from 4.9 percent in 1990-91 to 17.9
percent in 2011-12 (Chart 3.1). Trade in agri-goods has done
marginally better than overall trade in terms of increase in share in
GDP despite restrictive trade policies for agricultural sector. India is
a net exporter of agricultural commodities with agricultural exports
constituting 11.9 percent of India's total exports and agricultural
imports constituting only 3.4 per cent of India's total imports in
2011-12, indicating a 'Revealed Comparative Advantage' in
agriculture.
Policy
Rabi Crops
for
India is a
major
exporter of
rice, cotton &
maize and
major
importer of
edible oils &
pulses
Domestic
prices of most
agricommodities
aligned with
international
prices
Exports of agricultural products have increased around six times

from US$ 6.0 billion in 2000-01 to US$ 37.3 billion in 2011-12. Rice is
the leading agriculture export product, followed by cotton, marine
products and oil meals. India has emerged as the world's leading
31
Price
Policy
Rabi Crops
for
exporter of rice worth US$ 4.9 billion in 2011-12- after exports of

non-basmati rice were opened in September, 2011. Imports of
agricultural products have also increased by more than six times from
US$ 2.6 billion in 2000-01 to US$ 17.2 billion in 2011-12. Vegetable
oils and pulses accounted for 56.1 percent (US$ 9.7 billion) and 10.6
percent (US$ 1.8 billion) of India's total agricultural imports
in 2011-12.
Exports and
imports of
agri-products
increased by
six times in
the 2000s
Agri-export
policy
mostly a
residual
policy
32
3.4.
India has an inherent competitive advantage in many of the

agricultural commodities due to varied agro climatic conditions,
diversified commodity mix etc. The sheer size of Indian agriculture
and big population means that even small changes in its production
and consumption can have large effects on world prices of those
agricultural products for which the overall global markets are small
(e.g., rice, pulses, etc.). On the domestic front, the Government has
Price
Policy
Rabi Crops
for
adopted a cautious approach permitting exports only after

ensuring that it would not have adverse impact on domestic prices.
Any actual or perceived shortage of any essential commodity
impacting domestic price adversely makes the Government use
trade, tariff and administrative means to contain pressure on
prices in the market. So, agri-export policy for most of the
commodities is like a residual policy, which is clearly proconsumer but may not serve the best interests of the producers.
3.5.
Trade competitiveness is a dynamic phenomenon, which would

vary depending upon the changes in international and domestic
prices consequent upon demand and supply of commodities,
changing technologies impacting costs of production, and market
conditions. In its simplest form trade competitiveness, say for
exports, can be measured by comparing domestic prices which the
farmers receive for that good with its export parity reference price,
which in turn is derived by deducting freight, port handling,
exporters' margins etc from the fob price of that commodity. On
the other hand, trade competitiveness of imports can be measured
by comparing domestic prices that farmers' receive with import
parity reference prices of those commodities, which are calculated
by adding freight, port handling expenses and related costs,
importers' margins etc. in the cif price of the commodity. If
domestic price of any commodity is lower than the export parity
reference price, then the commodity is export competitive.
Similarly under importable scenario, if domestic price is lower than
the import parity reference price, then domestic produce is import
competitive. An in-depth study is required to calculate import and
export competitiveness. In the absence of such a study, for
purpose of this Report, an attempt has been made to gauge the
standing of major Indian rabi crops in this respect by a simple
comparison between their domestic and international prices.
CEREALS Wheat
3.6
Global wheat production in TE 2011-12 was 677 million tonnes - of

which 20 percent is traded at 140 million tonnes (USDA). India is
the world's second largest producer accounting for 12.5 percent of
global wheat production in TE 2011-12, coming after China which
accounts for 17.1 percent of global wheat output. US, Russia and
Canada are the major exporters of wheat. Though India is the
second largest producer of wheat, it had a marginal share of 0.3
India second
largest producer
of wheat but
marginal exporter
33
Price
Policy
Rabi Crops
S.5
for
S.6
Export ban
continued for four
years despite
successive bumper
crops
S.7
34
Paddy: The cost of production has risen sharply (by 53 percent) since
percent
in paddy
global farmers
exports are
of wheat
during
TE 2011-12.
2008-09,
and the
not duly
compensated
for India
these has been
an occasional
importer
wheat,independing
upon
rising costs.
There is exporter
a case forasatwell
leastas16
percentof
increase
MSP,
thefull
demand-supply
situation
at home.
During
the decade
although
compensation of
cost would
mean even
higher
jump in of 2000s,
India's
exports
were
million
tonnes
in 2001-02,
3.67
MSP. Even
thiswheat
16 percent
increase
will2.65
hardly
cover the
full cost
of an
million
tonnes
in 2002-03
as high
as 4.09
important
paddy
growing
state like and
Westwere
Bengal.
But given
themillion
excess tonnes in
Duestocks
to thearedrought
2002-03,
of wheat from
supply 2003-04.
situation where
bulging in
despite
recordexports
level exports,
th
Central Pool
were stopped
withaneffect
August, 2003.
the Commission
is ofstocks
the considered
view that
MSP from
of Rs11
1250/qtl
(about As
16 apercent
over the
previoustoyear)
will be tonnes
a rational
result, increase
wheat exports
declined
2.01 million
in 2004-05,
decision.
Themillion
proposed
MSP in
by 2005-06
states (weighted
average) thereafter
is Rs 1644/qtl
0.75
tonnes
and negligible
(Chart 3.3).
and theExports
corresponding
fob price
paddy expected
in 2012
of wheat
on ofprivate
account later
were
also works
banned since
out to beFebruary,
in the range
of Rs 1500-1700/qtl.
2007.
Coarse cereals (Jowar, Bajra, Maize, and Ragi): The cost of production of
3.7
India
has
also
beenand
an maize,
importer
in some years of
jowar isHowever,
much higher
than
that
of bajra
andof
sowheat
is its domestic
the decade
beginning
When
the actual
stocks
price already
prevailing
during 2000.
October
2011-Feb
2012. wheat
Therefore
the with the
Commission
is Pool
of the
considered
view
that MSP
of jowar
cannot
be
Central
went
below the
minimum
buffer
norm,
the Government
tagged imported
to the MSPwheat
of bajraduring
and maize.
The Commission
the tonnes).
2006-07
(6.1 tonnes)recommends
& 2007-08 (1.8
MSP ofThe
jowar
to be Rs1500/quintal,
will be a from
53 percent
jump over
import
duty on wheatwhich
was reduced
50 percent
to 5 percent
th
the existing
though
its C2tocost
production
on 28MSP,
June,
2006still
andlower
laterthan
reduced
zeroofpercent
with(Rs
effect from
th
1646/qtl),
well as the prevailing
price
(Rs 1670/qtl)
Oct for the
9 as
September,
2006. No market
imports
of wheat
have during
been made
2011-Feb
2012.
It
will
however
cover
A2+FL
and
give
a
margin
of
17 has been
Central Pool after these two years. Since 2007-08, India
percentrecording
over A2+FL.
The proposed
by states The
(weighted
average)
is
bumper
crops MSP
for wheat.
export
ban, which
was
Rs 1889/qtl.
The
maize
and
bajra
MSP
are
recommended
to
be
Rs
imposed when there was a supply crisis in 2007, has been continued
1175/qtl, which are roughly 20 percent higher than their current MSPs.
even when there has been a surplus in recent years (only to be lifted
But given the rising costs, and potential to increase their production,
in September 2011). This has contributed to the stockpile of wheat
especially maize in line with rising demand, and conserving water, this is
stocks in Central Pool.
the minimum incentive required. The proposed MSPs by states are Rs
1292/qtl for bajra and Rs 1485/qtl for maize. Ragi is a special nutri-cereal
with very high costs, and the Commission recommends its MSP to be Rs
1500/quintal, while the states proposed MSP is Rs 2006/qtl.
Pulses (Moong, Urad and Tur): The Commission takes a note that India
is the largest producer and consumer of pulses, and per capita availability
of pulses has been sharply declining. In a country, where pulses have
been traditionally the primary source of protein, especially for
vegetarians, and with rising imports of pulses, this sector needs special
incentives. The costs of production of pulses are very high due to lack of
any major technological break-through and very low area under
irrigation. Price incentives can help put it on high priority for farmers to
adopt whatever best technologies and farm practices are, and allocate
larger irrigated area for pulses. Keeping in mind, the costs of production
as well as domestic prices prevailing in the country, the commission
recommends MSP of Rs 4500/qtl for moong, Rs 4300/qtl for urad, and
Rs 4000/qtl for tur. These are substantial increases over the current
MSPs, but given that the market prices are hovering around the MSP, the
Price
Policy
Rabi Crops
for
3.8
After a gap of more than 4 years, export of 2 million tonnes of wheat

under Open General Licence (OGL) by private parties out of privately
held stocks, through Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) enabled
Ports, was allowed in September 2011 and later unrestricted exports
of wheat were allowed in February, 2012. Due to burgeoning stocks
of wheat with FCI, it has been permitted to export 2 million tonnes of
wheat from the Central Pool.
3.9
India was able to keep its domestic prices of wheat (and rice)
somewhat stable by imposing an export ban on wheat (and common
rice) despite the global food price crisis in 2007-08. The ban on
exports of wheat in 2007, therefore, benefited the consumers but
harmed the farmers' interests. As is evident from Chart 3.4, in most
of the years before 2007, wheat was not export competitive as
international wheat prices were ruling low. But it became export
competitive in 2007-09 and again in 2011, when world prices went
up. However, wheat has been import competitive in most of the
years of 2000s. Indian wheat prices have closely followed the trend
line of international wheat prices of Hard Red Winter (HRW) and Soft
Red Winter (SRW), fob US Gulf. This pricing of wheat that hovers
between fob and cif, ensures that Indian wheat price incentives are
largely for self-sufficiency in wheat in most of the years.
Pricing of Indian
wheat hovers
between fob and
cif prices
35
Price
Policy
Rabi Crops
for
Barley import
competing, but
not very export
competitive
COARSE CEREALS Barley

3.10 Global production of barley in TE 2011-12 was 135.8 million tonnes
of which around 12.5 percent (17.1 million tonnes) are traded.
Russia, Germany and Canada are the major producers while
Ukraine, France and Russia are the major exporters. India accounts
for only 1.2 percent of the global production and 0.17 percent of
global exports. Exports of barley were banned for a brief period in
2008. Currently, export and import of barley are allowed under OGL
with nil export or import duty.
3.11 Domestic prices of barley have been closely following the
international prices, albeit marginally higher in most of the years.
(Chart 3.5). This suggests that barley can be import competing, but
not export competitive, unless it exports to some neighbouring
countries where it can enjoy freight advantage over Canada.
PULSES - Gram
India is world's
largest
producer,
consumer &
importer of
pulses
36
3.12 As per FAOSTAT, global production of total pulses in TE 2010 was 64

million tonnes out of which 10 million tonnes (16 percent) are
traded. India is the world's largest producer of pulses accounting for
23.4 percent of global production and also the largest importer
accounting for around 30 percent of global imports. Import of
pulses is mainly from Myanmar, Canada and Australia. Chart 3.6
shows the volume and value of pulses imported from 2000-01 to
2010-11. The major pulse varieties consumed in India are gram, tur
(arhar), moong, urad and masoor.
Price
Policy
Rabi Crops
US$ Billion
for
Note: Figure for volume of import of pulses is not available for the full year 2011-12 from the same source
3.13 Global production of gram was estimated at 10 million tonnes in TE

2010 out of which about 10 percent is traded. Australia, Mexico &
India are the top three exporters. India is the largest producer with a
share of 67 percent in global production. Global production of lentil
is 3.8 million tonnes of which 42 percent are traded. India is the
largest producer with a share of 24 percent in global production.
Domestic prices of gram and lentil have been less than international
prices in recent years as shown in Chart 3.7 showing that India is
reasonably competitive.
India world's
largest
producer of
gram & lentil
37
Price
Policy
Rabi Crops
for
Export of pulses
prohibited
except kabuli
chana
Restrictive
exports of
pulses along
with free
imports at zero
duty shows a
consumer bias
in trade policy.
38
3.14 Pulses exports from India, were initially prohibited for a period of 6
months vide DGFT Notification dated 27th June, 2006 which was
extended from time to time. The prohibition on exports of pulses
st
has been further extended up to 31 March 2013 vide Notification
dated 27th March 2012. This prohibition does not apply to Kabuli
chana whose exports were freed vide DGFT Notification dated 7th
March 2007. In addition, the prohibition on exports of pulses does
rd
not apply to exports of 10,000 tonnes of organic pulses (since 23
March 2011) and lentils (since 3rd June 2011) per annum.
3.15 The gap between demand and supply of pulses in India is met
through imports to the tune of 2 to 3.5 million tonnes every year.
th
Imports are permitted under OGL at zero duty since 8 June, 2006.
As per a scheme introduced in December 2006 (now terminated
with effect from 31st March 2011), Government of India permitted
four designated agencies namely NAFED, MMTC, PEC Ltd and STC
to import up to 1.5 million tonnes of pulses subject to maximum
reimbursement of losses by the Government to 15 percent of
landed cost of pulses. Another scheme approved in November
2008 for the supply of imported pulses to the state governments by
the designated agencies for distribution under PDS. Under the
scheme, the Central Government reimburses subsidy @Rs.10 per
kg on the quantity of imported pulses supplied to the state
governments. The quantum of imports was fixed at 3 lakh tonnes
up to 2010-11 and later increased to 5 lakh tonnes in 2011-12. The
scheme was extended up to 30th June 2012. Both the schemes were
aimed to ensure the availability of pulses at reasonable prices.
3.16 On the other hand, exports of pulses (except kabuli chana and
10,000 tonnes of organic pulses and lentils) have been prohibited.
This restrictive export policy along with free imports of pulses at
zero import duty clearly shows a pro-consumer bias. Given that
India's import bill of pulses is touching Rs 8767 crores in 2011-12,
the Commission recommends that this policy be made proproducer by freeing up exports of pulses and putting a 10 percent
import duty on pulses for the next three years. This would help
India to enhance domestic production of pulses by attracting more
irrigated area under pulses, and saving on fertilizer subsidy (as
pulses are nitrogen fixing) and help towards stabilizing production.
This also requires streamlining of supply chain for pulses wherein
farmers can get a larger share of consumer prices.
Price
Policy
Rabi Crops
for
EDIBLE OILS/OILSEEDS-Rapeseed Oil/Rapeseed
Imports of
Edible oils
valued at US$
9.7 billion in
2011-12
US$ Billion
3.17 As per USDA, India is a large producer of oilseeds in the world with a
share of 7.8 percent of the world oilseeds production in TE 201011. However, it is also the third largest importer of vegetable oils
with a share of 15.9 percent in world imports. During 2011-12,
imports of more than 9 million tonnes of edible oils valued at US$
9.7 billion (Rs 46,242 crores) is estimated as compared to 4.18
million tonnes valued at US$ 1.87 billion in 2000-01, as seen in
Chart 3.8. During the late 1970s, imports of edible oils to India as
percentage of domestic production hovered around 40 percent,
dropped to less than 5 percent during 1990-91 to 1993-94, and
again increased touching a high of more than 90 percent during
2008-09 to 2010-11, indicating the need for an aggressive oilseeds
strategy, including oil palm. India is the fourth largest exporter of oil
meals with a share of 6.7 percent in world oil meal exports.
3.18 As per USDA, world production of rapeseed and rapeseed oil was 60
million tonnes and 23 million tonnes in TE 2011-12. India had a share
of 11.1 percent of world output of rapeseed and 10.1 percent of
global output of rapeseed oil in the same period. Around 18.5
percent and 14 percent of global output of rapeseed and rapeseed
oil respectively are traded. India is a small importer with a share of
0.8 percent in TE 2011-12. While the domestic prices of mustard oil
have been higher than international prices of rapeseed oil during
2006-07 to 2011-12; the domestic prices of mustard seed have been
39
Price
Policy
Rabi Crops
for
Reservation in
the small sector
for mustard oil
expeller units
makes them
high cost and
therefore
globally
uncompetitive
40
in line with international prices of rapeseed (Chart 3.9). Given that,

mustard seed commands a premium over rapeseed; this may
indicate that India has a competitive advantage in production of
mustard seeds. However, owing to the reservation of mustard
oilseed processing (expeller) units in the small-scale sector, the
average size of processing units for mustard oil has remained small,
besides having outdated technology, leading to higher costs of
processing. This makes the mustard oil (expeller) industry globally
uncompetitive. Increasing efficiency and capacity utilization of the
existing processing sector through modernization is important to
reduce the cost of processing oilseeds. Therefore, the Commission
recommends dereservation of the expeller units from the small scale
sector, along with emphasis on technology upgradation and
modernization of the edible oil processing units to ensure their
enhanced efficiency and capacity utilization.
Price
Policy
Rabi Crops
for
3.19 Till mid 1990s, imports of edible oils were tightly controlled
through canalization. In 199495, India introduced a phased
liberalization of edible oil imports; the Government started
opening up this sector by eliminating state monopoly on imports
and reducing import duties on palm oil, and subsequently other
oils too, in a phased manner from a high of 65 per cent in 1994 to
15 per cent in 1998. Imports of edible oils, which were very small in
1994, resultantly increased. The Government raised the import
duty on oils (for example, palm oil) to 25 per cent in 2000, and to 75
per cent in 2001, although it was subsequently brought down to 65
per cent but again increased to 80 per cent in 2006. It was brought
down to 45 per cent in 2007. Import duties have been reduced to
the levels of zero percent and 7.5 percent for crude oils and refined
st
oils respectively with effect from 1 April, 2008. The effective rates
of duty are even lower as the tariff value, the base price on which
custom duty is determined, has remained fixed since July 2006.
Only recently, the government has decided to defreeze the tariff
value on RBD palm oil and thus align its price with current global
price. As in the case of pulses, a scheme approved in March 2008
for supplying imported edible oils to the state governments for
distribution under PDS. Under the scheme, the Central
Government reimburses subsidy @Rs.15 per kg on 1 million
tonnes of imported edible oils supplied by the designated
agencies to the state governments. This scheme, which also has a
pro-consumer bias, aims to ensure the availability of edible oils at
reasonable prices to consumers and has been successively
th
extended up to 30 September 2012. On the other hand, export of
edible oils has been banned with effect from 17th March 2008,
except coconut oil and minor forest based produce, and edible oils
in branded consumer packs of upto 5 kg subject to a limit of 10,000
tons per year. The ban on export of edible oils with the above
exemptions has been extended upto 30th September 2012.
3.20 The duty adjustments on edible oils have been basically countercyclical to global prices of palm oil to give some stability to edible oil
prices at home. Composition of import depends on price
difference between different edible oils. Import prices of rapeseed
oil have a premium over palm oil, therefore, imports of rapeseed
oil have not increased whereas imports of palm oil have increased
over the years. On the other hand, imports of oilseeds continue to
be restricted with 30 percent import duty even when import duty
on crude edible oils has been reduced to zero. Logically, the import
41
Price
Policy
Rabi Crops
for
Imports of
oilseeds are
subject to 30%
tariff while
imports of crude
oils at 0% and
refined oils at
7.5% defies
economic
rationality
duty is graduated from low on raw material to highest on

refined product. The Commission, therefore, feels that the duty
structure of nil duty on crude edible oils and 7.5 percent duty on
refined edible oils and high duty of 30 percent on import of
oilseeds defies economic sense. As such, as in the case of pulses,
there is a need to impose an import tariff of 10 percent on
oilseeds and also review the extant duty structure on oilseeds,
raw and refined edible oils and levy it as per economic
rationality, say at 10, 12.5 and 15 percent respectively on oil
seeds, crude edible oils and refined edible oils.
3.21 So far, the Government has adopted a very cautious policy in
the matter of agri trade, permitting export of only those
commodities which were largely surplus and allowing duty free
import of essential commodities to augment domestic supplies.
The Commission is of the view that rather than outright ban on
agri exports, the Government ought to follow a consistent,
stable and predictable tariff policy because the uncertain policy
in the matter of agri exports has dented India's image in the
international market. A long term trade policy which will lend
some kind of predictability to agricultural products trade will
allay buyers' apprehension and enable suppliers to plan better.
Global Outlook
3.22 According to OECD-FAO Agricultural Outlook 2012-2021, global
food commodity prices are expected to remain high over the
next decade on account of slowing growth in global food
production and rising consumption, both due to food and feed.
The OECD-FAO Agricultural Outlook anticipates that
agricultural output growth will slow to an average of 1.7
percent annually over the next 10 years, down from a trend rate
of over 2 per cent per year in the recent decade. The likely
international prices for wheat and barley as estimated by
World Bank are indicated in Table 3.1.
42
Price
Policy
Rabi Crops
for
Table 3.1: Forecasts for International Prices

Crop
Wheat, US,
HRW
Barley
2013
275
210
Price forecast (US$/tonne)

2017
267
197
2020
270
185
Source: World Bank Pink Sheets
3.23 While international agricultural commodity markets appear to have

entered calmer conditions after record high (in prices) last year,
food commodity prices are anticipated to remain on a higher
plateau over the next decade. This is underpinned by a slowing
growth in global food production. In addition to population growth,
higher per capita incomes, urban migration and changing diets in
developing countries, as well as rising requirements for bio-fuel
feed-stocks are underpinning demand pressures.
3.24 However, the short term forecasts about prices of major agricommodities for 2012-13 have changed dramatically after June 15th,
2012. This is primarily due to a severe drought facing US (said to be
worst in the last 50 years), weather stress in Soviet Russia, and also
in India. Wheat prices have already shot up from about US$ 225 per
tonne on June 15th to around US$ 300 per tonne by July 20th of 2012.
Similarly, corn prices have flared and so have soyabean prices. All
these will keep the global agri-prices quite firm, and Indian wheat
which was not exportable on June 15th is exportable in mid-July,
2012.
3.25 In the light of the above analysis, three important policy
recommendations emerge:
(i)
Trade policy needs to be kept neutral by keeping exports of
wheat open. If exports of wheat are banned, 10 percent
bonus on the MSP needs to be provided to the farmers. The
same logic applies to barley.
(ii)
Allow export of all pulses and impose a 10 percent tariff on
imports of pulses to promote domestic production.
43
Price
Policy
Rabi Crops
for
44
(iii)
For edible oils (oilseeds), import tariff on oilseeds needs

to be brought down from 30 percent to 10 percent and
import tariff on crude edible oils raised from 0 percent to
12.5 percent and for refined edible oils raised from 7.5
percent to 15 percent.
Chapter 4
Price
Chapter 4
Costs, Returns and Inter-Crop Price Parity
4.1.
Cost of production of a particular commodity represents the

supply side. It is an important, but not the sole criterion, on the
basis of which the Commission makes its price recommendations.
Too much reliance on cost plus pricing can lead to imbalances in
demand and supply in the economy. Therefore demand side is as
important, if not more, as the supply (cost) side. Keeping this in
view, the Commission analyzes actual cost estimates for the years
2008-09 to 2010-11 and projects them for the year 2012-13 rabi
crop season to be marketed in the year 2013-14.
4.2.
Before launching the analysis of cost of cultivation/production

estimates, it is essential to briefly put across some points, which are
often raised in the meetings of the Commission with various
stakeholders: (i) cost of cultivation/production estimates have
been often criticized for being under-reported in the price policy
formulation; (ii) data collecting agencies, i.e., State agricultural
universities default on collection of authentic cost data on real
factors of production on day to day basis; (iii) farmers'
representatives allege that their independent collection of cost
data throws up much higher estimates than usually furnished in
the Comprehensive Scheme (CS). In this regard, it is clarified that
the Commission uses the cost estimates generated under the CS,
being implemented by DES. These cost estimates are made
available to the Commission by DES at state level, which are then
aggregated at national level, by using production shares of the
respective state, to calculate the all India weighted average cost of
production. By definition, some states may have costs higher or
lower than the weighted national average.
4.3
However, there is a deficit of trust between what farmers consider

as their real cost of production and what the Government collects
under CS. This trust deficit occurs not only at the conceptual level
with respect to the treatment of land but also in the way data is
collected. This issue has been flagged in earlier reports of the
Commission and it is worth noting that Government is constituting
a Working Group to look into all the issues related to cost data.
4.4
For preparing price policy report for rabi crops for 2012-13 crop
season (marketing season 2013-14), the actual cost of production
Policy
Rabi Crops
for
Cost
estimates
are
generated
by DES
under CS
47
Price
Policy
Rabi Crops
for
data is for the year 2010-11. As per established practice, the

Commission updates prices of different inputs like human labour,
bullock labour, machine labour, fertilizers, pesticides, irrigation
charges, seeds, etc., based on latest data from different sources like
Labour Bureau, Shimla, replies from state governments, Office of the
Economic Adviser, Ministry of Commerce and Industry; Fertilizers
Association of India; National Seeds Corporation, etc. To begin with,
the Commission bases its cost projections on the latest three years'
actual cost estimates for each crop and each state. In this exercise,
there are certain theoretical assumptions: (1) fixed cost components
are held constant in the intervening period between the year 2010-11
for which the actual cost estimates are available and the year 2012-13
for which cost projection is made; (2) three cost projections are
attempted for each state for a particular crop to even out erratic
fluctuations in yield and hence in cost of production. If for example,
5
projected yield for 2012-13 for any crop turns out to be more than the
6
actual yield for 2012-13, the projected cost estimates may be below the
actual cost, and vice versa. As projections are based on certain
assumptions, they may turn out to be different from reality. The degree
of deviation will be known only when actual costs are available and this
is a matter of post facto analysis.
4.5
A 'correction
factor' has
been
incorporated
in projections
In recent years, particularly from 2004-05 onwards it has been

observed that the assumption of holding constant the fixed cost
components in cost projection for two to three years does not hold
good. One striking feature that has come out clearly is the rapidity with
which the value of output has increased, and alongside the rental value
of owned land, due to increasing pressure on it. The Commission has
incorporated a 'correction factor'(CF) in its projections, which is the
extent of deviation of projected costs from actual costs on a three year
rolling basis for which actual cost data are available.
Returns on rabi crops during 2008-09 to 2010-11

4.6
Table 4.1 presents returns and rates of return over cost A2+FL and C2
for rabi crops of wheat, barley, gram, lentil, rapeseed/mustard and
safflower. As is evident from the table 4.1, gross returns (gross value of
output A2+FL) for wheat during 2008-09 to 2010-11, stands the
highest at Rs 24332 per hectare while gross rate of return (over A2+FL)
is 127 per cent. In comparison, rapeseed/ mustard had gross returns of
Rs 20691 per hectare with gross rate of return being 165 per cent. It is
48
It is assumed to be an average of latest three years actual yield levels for which the
actual cost data is available For example: for 2012-13 yield, the average yield would be for the
years 2008-09, 2009-10 & 2010-11
This will be available after a gap of three to four years at state level
Price
Policy
Rabi Crops
for
also equally interesting to observe that gross rate of return for gram
and lentil differs by a wide margin of 73 per cent higher on the side of
lentil. Net rate of return (over C2) for gram is lower than that for
lentil due to relatively higher yield of lentil. Barley and gram have
their net rates of return at 39 per cent and 23 per cent respectively.
In regard to safflower, gross returns are very low at Rs 5850 per
hectare. It needs further analysis to understand its dynamics and
implications for price policy.
Gross
returns for
wheat are
highest
among rabi
crops
Table-4.1: Gross & Net Returns on actual estimates of cost for

the years from 2008-09 to 2010-11
CROP
Cost
A2+FL
(Rs./ha.)
Cost C2
GVO
Gross
(Rs./ha.) (Rs./ha.) Returns
(GVOA2+FL)
(Rs./ha.)
Wheat
Barley
Gram
Lentil
Rapeseed/
Mustard
Safflower
19092
16983
11604
10057
31889
26347
18146
18212
43424
36511
22386
26763
24332
19527
10783
16707
12523
9839
21840
13887
33214
15689
20691
5850
Gross
Net
Net rate
Rate of Returns of Return
Return
(GVO (Net
(Gross
C2)
Returns
returns (Rs./ha.) as % of
as % of
C2)
A2+FL)
127
11534
36
115
10163
39
93
4240
23
166
8551
47
165
59
11374
1802
52
13
Source: CS under implementation by DES

Notes: 1: Comprehensive Scheme (CS): Actual estimates for the years 2008-09, 2009-10 and 2010-11 by
states have been averaged with weights at all-India level, with weights being their relative shares in total
production of states.
2: CACP: projected estimates of C2 exclusive of marketing, transportation and crop insurance charges based
on latest available data at the time of price policy formulation. The projection made by revising upward
prices of various inputs for studying increase in overall variable cost.
The details of state-wise returns for rabi crops are given in

Annex table 4.1.
Behaviour and trends in agricultural wage rates
4.7
There is no denying that rising trends in agricultural wage rate in the

last three to four years have contributed to increase in input cost of
cultivation. Preliminary observations of agricultural wage rate as
given by Labour Bureau, Shimla are that it has gone up by more than
49
Price
Policy
Rabi Crops
for
Real wages
increased by
about 9 percent
per annum
during the last
three years
17 per cent in December 2011-May, 2012 over December 2010May, 2011 (Table 4.2). Over the last three years, on an average,
nominal wages have increased by about 20 per cent per annum, and
real wages (after deflating nominal wages by CPIAL) by about 9
percent per annum. This is a very healthy sign as agriculture labour
is generally the poorest of the poor, and his/her real wages having
gone up consecutively at this rate will surely help in reducing rural
poverty much faster. But for the farmers, this reflects the cost side
and unless farmers get either remunerative prices or raise their
productivity, this rising costs start shrinking farmers' margins.
Table 4.2: Compound annual growth rate of agriculture labour wage rate
(Rs/day) for states and at all -India level in nominal and real terms
(Dec.2008-May 2009 to Dec.2011 -May 2012)
State
Relative
share in
agri.
Labour
% increase in the
ave. wage rate
2011-12 over
2010-11
Compound annual
growth rate
(Dec.2008-May
2009 to Dec.2011May 2012 in nominal
terms)
Compound annual
growth rate
(Dec.2008-May
2009 to Dec.2011May 2012 in real
terms)
AP
0.14
11.27
21.73
Assam
0.01
9.21
16.23
Bihar
0.14
20.48
19.11
Gujarat
0.05
23.78
13.44
Haryana
0.01
4.56
15.46
HP
0.00
16.16
11.93
Karnataka
0.06
20.76
23.38
Kerala
0.02
21.00
20.73
MP
0.07
18.32
17.97
Maharashtra
0.11
20.31
22.38
Odisha
0.05
8.72
22.47
Punjab
0.01
29.33
20.38
Rajasthan
0.03
17.97
15.32
TN
0.08
23.93
24.53
UP
0.14
13.63
16.84
WB
0.08
21.30
19.95
All India Wt. Ave
1.00
17.51
20.17
Source: Labour Bureau, Ministry of Labour, Govt. Of India, State -wise relative shares in
total agricultural rural labour are derived from Census 2011, Registrar General of India
Note: Daily Wage rate - average of five operations i.e. ploughing,
sowing, weeding, transplanting and harvesting has been considered.
9.41
4.35
11.10
2.27
3.77
3.29
9.01
10.31
7.08
7.82
12.85
8.27
4.08
13.07
7.91
8.46
8.98
Chart 4.1 gives the details of increase in wage rate during this period
by states and at all India level.
50
Price
Policy
Rabi Crops
for
Chart 4.1: Compound annual growth rate of agriculture

labour wage rate (Rs/day) for states and at all-India level in Nominal terms
(Dec.2008-May 2009 to Dec.2011-May 2012)
Source: Labour Bureau, Ministry of Labour
Input Price Movement

4.8
Wholesale price indices (WPI) with base 2004-05=100 for farm
inputs during the period May, 2011 to May, 2012 reveal that prices
have increased by 13.74 per cent for fertilizers, 5.93 per cent for
electricity for irrigation purposes, 3.86 per cent for pesticides, 4.79
per cent for non-electrical machinery, 3.93 per cent for tractors,
7.70 per cent for lubricants, 9.24 per cent for diesel oil (HSDO),
10.75 per cent for diesel oil (LDO), 14.99 percent for fodder, 7.95
per cent for cattle-feed. Price increase in these farm inputs would
no doubt escalate the overall cost of production, with variation
within a certain range depending upon crops and the states in
which they are grown. Chart 4.2 summarizes percentage increase
in farm input in prices in WPI during May, 2012 over May, 2011. The
details of farm inputs are given in annex table 4.3.
Source: DIPP
Note: The base year for WPI is 2004-05
51
Price
Policy
Rabi Crops
for
Actual cost estimates of cultivation/production and projections for 201213 crop season (2013-14 marketing season)
4.9
The latest data of cost of production estimates for rabi crops of

wheat, barley, gram, lentil, rapeseed/mustard and safflower have
been made available to the Commission under the CS for the year
2010-11. The projections are made as per principles indicated in the
earlier paragraphs. The details of cost estimates for 2010-11
compared to those of the previous year are given in the Annex tables
4.4 (A), 4.4(B), 4.4(C), 4.4(D), 4.4(E), 4.4(F). These tables provide
information on actual estimates on per hectare cost of cultivation;
per quintal cost of production under categories of paid out cost
including family labour (A2+FL), overall cost (C2), and implicit price.
4.10 Annex table 4.5 outlines projections for 2012-13 state wise as well as
all India level for rabi crops and trends of change in composite
variable input price index between 2010-11 and 2012-13. As can be
seen from annex table 4.5, the projected costs of rabi crops both in
A2+FL and C2 are exclusive of cost of transportation, marketing and
crop insurance premium by states and for the country as a whole.
Annex table 4.6 gives projected cost of production in A2+FL and C2
inclusive of these additional charges by states and for the country as a
whole.
4.11 The projected cost for each crop varies widely across States. The
projected All-India C2 & A2+FL costs and their variations across states
are given in table 4.3. It is seen that wheat has the maximum spread in
cost C2 around the all-India weighted average cost as it has a
coefficient of variation (CV) of 39 percent. Rapeseed/mustard is
almost parallel to wheat in cost variation.
52
Price
Policy
Rabi Crops
for
Table 4.3: Variations in projected C2 and A2+FL costs across

states for rabi crops, 2012-13
Crop
Modified cost*
Wheat
Barley
Lentil
Gram
Rapeseed/Mustard
Safflower
C2
A2 + FL
1098.5
687.0
888.0
619.7
3208.5
1926.0
2377.4
1695.8
2031.9
1260.4
3384.1
2754.1
Coefficient of Variation (CV)

C2
38.97
4.55
20.66
30.61
38.72
9.50
A2 + FL
62.06
8.65
35.91
28.87
65.17
11.29
Note: *Modified cost is total projected cost inclusive of transportation, insurance premium
and marketing charges
Terms of Trade Analysis

4.12 The domestic terms of trade between agriculture and nonagriculture is one of the terms of reference for CACP in
recommending its MSP policy. The terms of trade data are being
compiled by the DES as prices received over prices paid by the
farmers. The prices paid by the farmers are collected for three broad
categories of goods for final consumption, intermediate
consumption and for capital consumption. Terms of trade data
available upto the year 2009-10 (provisional) are given in Annex
table 4.9. The index of terms of trade has remained relatively
stable, and in fact, marginally favored agriculture in recent years.
With base year TE 1990-91=100 the index has been oscillating
between 101 and 107 since 1990-91 and has gone up to 102.6 in
2009-10. This methodology, which is more precise, is in contrast to
the ratio of agricultural prices to non-agricultural prices, which is
often taken as an indicator of terms of trade and has improved
substantially during the last few years. Government has already set
up a new committee, under the aegis of DAC, to come up with fresh
estimates of terms of trade.
Effective returns over Projected C2 and A2+FL costs of the rabi season
2012-13 (marketing season 2013-14)
4.13 Charts 4.3 to 4.8 underscore the likely returns that would accrue to
different rabi crops by states as well at all India level with their
corresponding MSPs fixed for the year 2011-12 (marketing season
2012-13). For wheat, at all India level the likely returns over A2+FL
53
Price
Policy
Rabi Crops
for
cost in the marketing season of 2013-14 in reference to MSP for

2012-13 would be 87 per cent. Similarly MSP returns for wheat
over C2 cost would be about 17 per cent at all India level and it
would cover the cost of almost 95 percent of wheat production.
In regard to gram, MSP margins over C2 and A2+FL costs at all
India level stands at 18 per cent and 65 per cent respectively
covering the cost of more than two-thirds of gram production
in the country. In gram production, Uttar Pradesh and
Maharashtra together constitutes about 24 per cent of total
production and they will have marginally negative returns over
C2 costs. In case of lentil, at all India level returns over A2+FL
work out to 45 per cent and over C2 (-) 12.73 per cent. With the
existing MSP of Rs 2800, major states like Uttar Pradesh and
Madhya Pradesh growing lentil and which contribute about 75
per cent of production lose out in recovering their full cost.
Barley's margins at all-India level over both A2+FL and C2 costs
are 58 per cent and 10 per cent respectively. All India weighted
average projected cost for safflower being Rs 3384 per quintal
and the existing MSP being Rs 2500 per quintal, returns would
turn out negative for these two states. Tables accompanying
the charts are given in the Annex table 4.6.
Chart 4.3: Projected Cost and Supply of Rabi Crops by States for 2012-13
(a) - Wheat
54
Price
Policy
Rabi Crops
for
55
Price
Policy
Rabi Crops
for
Inter-crop price parity

4.14 Inter crop price parity being a factor for determination of MSPs, the
Commission makes an in-depth study of per hectare returns of
different crops that are substitutes for each other. The underlying
idea is that area allocation amongst different crops be such that
their respective per hectare returns are more or less even and
balanced. The objective of studying inter crop price parity of crops
competing for area allocation is that the farmers need to grow
crops in an environment of their respective returns neutrality. The
average per hectare returns over C2 cost have been analyzed and
shown in table 4.1 and it is found that there is some degree of
inequality in returns earned.
56
Price
Policy
Rabi Crops
for
4.15 Table 4.4 details relative returns in percentage terms in reference to

that of wheat as numeraire. It is observed that returns over both
A2+FL and C2 for remaining crops of barley, gram, lentil,
rapeseed/mustard and safflower are less than that of wheat.
Barley and rapeseed/ mustard come closer to wheat in their relative
returns. On the contrary, gram and lentil fall way below in returns
relative to that of wheat. So is the case of safflower. The details of
gross returns and net returns by states are given in Annex table 4.1.
Net returns over C2 cost for gram and lentil are 37 percent and 74
percent respectively, relative to wheat (=100 percent). The
implication of this is that if pulses are to be promoted, especially
gram, the relative incentive structure has to be changed, or
productivity should be increased, or both.
Table 4.4 Relative returns (%) of Rabi crops over A2+FL and C2 in 2012-13
CROP
Relative returns over

A2+FL of crops with
wheat as numeraire
Relative returns over C2

of crops with wheat as
numeraire
100
80
44
69
85
24
100
88
37
74
99
16
Wheat
Barley
Gram
Lentil
R &M
Safflower
Restructured cost of production

4.16 The projected costs of production, as has been already elucidated
in the aforesaid paragraphs, are given in the table 4.5. The table
shows modified cost of all rabi crops for the crop season 2012-13
(marketing year 2013-14) at all India level. It is pointed out here
that pending crop-specific information on marketing,
transportation and crop insurance premium from the DES, the
Commission compiles these estimates at all India level on ad-hoc
basis from whatever information is furnished by different state
governments. From table 4.5, it is seen that likely percentage
increase in projected cost of production for the year 2012-13 over
the actual cost estimates of 2010-11 would be around 53 per cent
57
Price
Policy
Rabi Crops
for
for safflower, 43 per cent for lentil, 43 per cent for rapeseed and
mustard, 31 per cent for wheat and 22 per cent for barley. These
increases for different crops are worked out on the basis of
increases in costs of different inputs like human labour, fertilizers
and other inputs like irrigation charges, diesel oil etc., and then duly
weighting them with their relative shares in cost of production.
Table 4.5: Estimated cost of production for Rabi Crops for 2012-13,
inclusive of Marketing/Transportation and crop Insurance
Premium (All India)
(Rs. Per quintal)
Crop
Projected
C2 Cost of
Production
2012-13
% Change
Cost of
Modified
over
Marketing,
Cost*
Actual C2 Transportation
cost of
and Insurance
production
Premium
2010-11
Wheat
Barley
Rapeseed
& Mustard
1066.26
861.95
30.75
22.28
32.21
26.07
1098.47
888.02
1987.43
42.72
44.48
2031.91
Gram
Lentil
(Masur)
2327.70
28.25
49.72
2377.42
3161.52
43.17
46.96
3208.48
Safflower
3338.39
52.59
45.67
3384.06
Note: * Modified cost is total of projected cost plus transportation, insurance

and marketing charges.
4.17 As indicated earlier in this chapter, cost is an important input in price

policy formulation, but not the only one. Demand and supply of a
particular commodity are equally influencing factors, if not more.
Currently, while India is short of edible oils and pulses, it is hugely
surplus in cereals, especially wheat. This indicates the need to
restructure the relative price matrix, so long as India remains
competitive in crops for which MSPs are raised.
58
Chapter 5
Price
Chapter 5
Productivity and Costs of Major Rabi Crops
Policy
Rabi Crops
for
An Aerial View of Growth in Productivity Levels

5.1 The role of productivity in enhancing competitiveness of agricultural
commodities, for that matter all commodities, is critical. Empirical
evidence suggests that volume of international trade, ceteris paribus,
is greatly influenced by prices. One way to reduce real prices of
commodities is to increase their total factor productivity (TFP) much
faster than demand. While there is a need to undertake a
comprehensive study on TFP for Indian agriculture and for specific
crops based on cost of cultivation data, in the absence of such a
study, it would be interesting to see how land productivity, a partial
component of TFP, impacts cost of production. The focus of analysis is
on six major rabi crops namely wheat, barley, gram, lentil,
rapeseed/mustard and safflower.
Six rabi crops

wheat, barley,
gram, lentil, R &
M and
safflower are
analyzed for
their
productivity
5.2 For this, at first the long term compound annual rate of growth
(CARG) in area, production and productivity levels of major rabi
crops during the decades of 1990s and 2000s is considered. The
CARG for the decade of 1990s is worked out by taking period from TE
1991-92 (triennium average of 1989-90 to 1991-92) to TE 2000-01.
Likewise, the CARG for the decade of 2000s, annual compound
growth rate between the periods TE 2001-02 to TE 2011-12, are
worked out and given in Annex tables-5.1 to 5.6. The summary of
these growth levels is presented in table 5.1.
5.3 Based on Table 5.1, it is noteworthy that growth rates in production
as well as areas under R & M and gram have distinctly accelerated
during the decade of 2000s. Though wheat shows deceleration in its
growth rates of all three parameters viz. area, production and yield
during the decade of 2000s compared to the preceding decade,
growth in its production is still higher than that of population and is
not a cause for concern especially when the country has enough
surplus of this crop. Safflower experienced higher magnitude of
negative growth rate in production and deceleration in its yield level
in 2000s compared to 1990s. Given the fact that safflower ultimately
contributes only 0.5 percent in the total domestic availability of
edible oils, emphasis need to be laid on oilseeds such as oil palm
which has the potential of far higher yield of oil on per hectare basis.
61
Price
Policy
Rabi Crops
for
Table-5.1: Growth (CARG) in Area, Production and Yield of Rabi Crops at AllIndia during Decades of 1990s and 2000s (%)
Growth rates
in area &
production of
R & M and
gram have
distinctly
accelerated
in 2000s
compared to
1990s
Crops
Growth in Decade of 1990s*
Wheat
Barley
Gram
Lentil
Rapeseed &
Mustard
Safflower
Growth in Decade of 2000s#
Area
Production Yield
CV (in
yield)
Area
Produ
ction
Yield
CV (in
yield)
1.30
-2.34
0.12
2.18
-0.17
3.07
-0.87
1.42
2.20
0.27
1.74
1.50
1.24
0.03
0.51
5.96
6.71
7.34
7.38
11.43
0.86
-0.80
3.41
0.10
1.53
1.64
0.66
4.43
-0.12
3.32
0.76
1.42
1.04
-0.19
1.77
6.09
9.08
7.51
6.98
9.35
-4.95
-3.53
1.68
26.23
-4.39 -3.73
0.66
16.46
Source: Collated on the basis of data of DES, New Delhi.

* During T.E. 2000-01 over T.E. 1991-92
# During T.E. 2011-12 over T.E. 2001-02
Cost of Production and Yield Rates
Notching up
yield level can
contain real
cost (CoP)
62
5.4
Of late, demand from various stakeholders to increase MSP of

various agricultural commodities has been intensifying and the main
ground on the basis of which this demand is justified is the
monotonously increasing cost of production year after year. As
noted earlier, MSP is recommended not solely on the basis of costs,
though it is duly factored in while recommending price policy. The
answer to contain increasing cost of production lies in enhancing
yield levels as, on a priori basis, one would expect an inverse
relationship between real cost of production and yield rates.
5.5
To find empirical evidence in support of this, cost and yield data of

six rabi crops, drawn from CS Scheme for 2000-01 to 2009-10 across
all the major producing states of the relevant crops, are analysed.
Based on panel data (across states and over these years),
relationships between yield rates and real cost of production for six
crops are depicted in charts-5.1a to 5.1f. These scatter diagrams
(charts-5.1a to 5.1f) exhibit the existence of an inverse relationship
between yield rates and real cost of production. Thus, it is inferred
that cost of production can be contained by improving productivity.
Charts-5.1a to 5.1f: Relationship between Real Cost of Production

and Yield Rates
(Constant prices 2010-11 =100)
Price
Policy
Rabi Crops
for
63
Price
Policy
Rabi Crops
for
Measure of Impact of Yield Improvements on Costs

5.6
To measure impact of variation in yield on cost of production, linear
regression analyses have been undertaken, separately for each of six
crops under reference by fitting the following model:
CoPi = a+ bi*yi
th
where CoPi = real Cost of Production of i crop, i=1,26
th
yi = Yield rate of i crop
th
bi = regression coefficient (also called beta coefficient ) of i crop; and
a = constant
5.7
Based on above regression model, beta coefficient for each of six

crops has been determined which have been converted into
respective elasticities by the following formula:
ei = bi *(Average yi / Average CoPi )
th
where ei = elasticity of i crop.
The crop-wise elasticities are presented in table-5.2.
Table-5.2 : Impact of Variation in Yield on CoP (%)

Crop
Elasticity
Wheat
Barley
Gram
Lentil
Rapeseed & Mustard
Safflower
-0.4167
-0.9532
-0.3969
-0.1327
-0.5495
-0.6652
*
*
*
*
*
No. of
Observations
111
20
82
40
75
16
R2 Adjusted
0.6753
0.5646
0.3887
0.0027
0.6879
0.4823
Notes: 1. Coefficients marked with asterisk (*) are statistically significant at 95% level of
confidence and an unmarked coefficient is not significantly different from zero.
2. Since elasticities are worked out on the basis o f panel data, value of R 2 has
rather limited meaning.
5.8
64
It can be inferred from table-5.2 that cost of production of barley

can be brought down by about 10 percent if its yield is improved by
10 percent. The impact of yield enhancement on cost reduction is
estimated to be 7 percent in case of safflower, 5 percent in R&M,
4 percent each in wheat and gram, if their respective yield levels
increase by 10 percent, while in case of lentil, it is insignificant.
Benchmarking Productivity: India vis--vis other Leading Producing

Countries
5.9
In a globalised scenario, relative performance in yield
improvement is as critical as temporal improvement in
Price
Policy
Rabi Crops
for
productivity levels. The role of productivity in enhancing

competitiveness is critical as it can reduce cost and thus prices.
Therefore, it would be interesting to envision India's standing vis-vis other major rabi crop producing countries on land productivity
scale. This would help in benchmarking productivity standards,
and set our targets accordingly with a view to gain greater
competitiveness. Keeping this in view, crop specific efficiency gap,
an indicator defined as (1-e) *100, where 'e' denotes the ratio of
India's yield rate to that of corresponding world average, has been
used. Similarly, efficiency gaps are also worked out with reference to
benchmark countries (the country which has the highest land
productivity of that crop). The crop specific efficiency gaps, thus
worked out, are presented in Table-5.3.
Table-5.3 : Gaps in India's Yield Levels of Various Rabi Crops
Crop
(1)
Share of
India as
percent of
World
Production
India's
Yield
T.E.201011
(Kg/Ha)
World's Yield T.E.2010

(Kg/Ha)
(2)
(3)
(4)
Average
Benchmark
Country*
(5)
Efficiency
gap in
India's yield
level is
highest in R
& M. India
is still way
behind
benchmark
countries on
productivity
scale.
Efficiency Gap in India's Benchmark

Yield Level (%) w.r.t.
Country (with its
share in World
World
Benchmark production)*
Average
(6)
Country*
(7)
(8)
Wheat
11.9
2847
3041
7736
6.4
63.2
Germany (3.7%)
Barley
1.0
2061
2709
6662
23.9
69.1
France (8.2%)
Gram
67.7
856
864
1707
0.9
49.9
Canada (0.9%)
Lentil
23.4
666
1003
2042
33.6
67.4
China (3.5%)
R&M
10.9
1101
1904
3982
42.2
72.4
Germany (9.6%)
Safflower
30.6
638
828
1634
22.9
61.0
USA (18.4%)
Sources: FAO {col. (2), col. (4) & (5)}, DES for Col. (3).
* The country that has the highest yield in the world is taken as 'benchmark'. The figures in
parentheses indicate their respective shares in total world production.
Note: Countries with low shares of production in total world production have not been
considered for benchmarking. Depending upon size and production distribution of crops
across countries, threshold for the purpose of 'benchmark' is fixed at 3.5% for wheat,
0.9% for gram and 1% for other four crops.
5.10 It may be noted that India is below World average on productivity

scale in all six crops. The efficiency gap is the highest in case of R&M
(42%), followed by lentil (34%), barley (24%). The efficiency gaps
become more glaring when productivities of domestic crops are
compared with those of the benchmark countries. India's ranking,
both in terms of yield levels and production in respect of aforesaid six
crops, and also leading countries which are ahead of India on
productivity scale is given in annex table 5.8. It is apparent that to
enhance the productivity levels of domestic crops, there is an
imperative need to first understand how the benchmark countries
65
Price
Policy
Rabi Crops
for
have achieved such heights of productivity. It is, therefore

recommended that an Expert Group be set up to study the best
international farming practices, deepen the understanding of factors
(natural and man-made) that have helped benchmark countries
achieve the high levels of productivity and also to explore the
possibility of using those practices/factors, with mutatis mutandis, in
Indian conditions after taking its agro-climatic conditions in view.
Drivers of Productivity
5.11 Having established empirically that real cost of production can be
reduced by increasing land productivity, the next logical question
arises as to what drives land productivity. To find an answer to this,
various causal factors are tested. Basically these factors fall in three
categories: (a) gross returns over A2+FL of the crop under question in
real terms in period t-1 as a proxy to price incentives; (b) technology
factors such as fertilizers consumption per hectare, or percent area
irrigated, or seeds, etc.; and (c) Nature represented by actual rainfall
or percent deviation from normal rainfall. The impact of each one of
this is explored by undertaking simple linear regression analyses.
Based on this approach, elasticities for six important rabi crops
under reference are estimated and presented in table-5.4.
.
10% increase in
gross returns, in
the preceding
year may increase
yield levels in the
range of 1% to 5%
in succeeding
year, depending
upon crop.
Table-5.4: Elasticity of Yield w.r.t. Various Causal Factors (Drivers of Yield)

Crop
Elasticities
% Area
Irrigated
Wheat
Gross returns
in preceding
year at
constant
prices (2004 05=100)
0.5109
Seed
(Kg/ha.)
Barley
0.1338
0.1515
Gram
0.1930
0.6863
Lentil
0.1848
0.1402
R&M
0.0867
Safflower
0.1754
Winter Rain
(% Deviation
from normal)
0.0141
Quality of
Labour##
0.1663 ***
0.2584
*: Statistically significant at 95% level of confidence
66
***: Statistically significant at 88% level of confidence

#: Not significantly different from zero in statistical sense of the term.
Notes 1: Blank cells indicate that the corresponding variable was not found appropriate
to explain variability in yield levels
2. Given that regression analysis are based on panel data, not much significance can be
attached to value of R2 and therefore not reported in the above table.
## Quality of labour is defined as ratio of expenditure incurred on machine labour to total
expenditure incurred on both human & animal labour.
0.1357
Price
Policy
Rabi Crops
for
5.12 The results of the regression analysis show that farmers respond
strongly to gross returns over A2+FL compared to any other
variable in the equation. It has strong implication in terms of policy
which would indicate that price policy has critical role to play in
gross returns and therby in overall production and productivity of
the crop under consideration. The gross returns is a sort of a 'catch
all variables' in influencing productivity.
Land Productivity: Divergence in Two Official Series
5.13 Having underscored the need for enhancing productivity, an
important tangent to the issue is its measurement in a manner that
truly reflects the ground reality. In this context, it is pertinent to
bring out that yield rates generated from the CS are at significant
variance with the corresponding figures obtained under Crop
Cutting Experiments (CCEs). To gauge the degree of divergence
between the two series, average divergence during last eleven
years, state-wise and crop-wise, have been worked out and given
in annex tables. The summary of these divergences is presented in
table-5.5.
Divergence
between
yields
obtained
from CCEs
and those
from CS
Scheme calls
for deeper
investigation.
Table-5.5: Average Divergence between CS and CCE Yield Rates during

2000-01 to 2010-11
Crop
Average Divergence (%)
Wheat
13.54
Barley
31.00
Gram
10.47
Lentil
18.99
Rapeseed/ Mustard
17.39
Safflower
-11.28
Note: Divergence = (CS/CCE -1)*100
It is noted that CS yield rates in general are higher compared to

those obtained under CCEs in most rabi crops, except in case of
safflower, in the range of 10 percent to 31 percent. This issue
needs to be studied and resolved. The working group that is being
constituted by government to look into entire gamut of the CS
Scheme is best equipped to revisit this issue.
5.14
To recapitulate, the following key messages emerge from the

foregoing analyses:
I.
A prudent response to ever increasing costs of

production lies in productivity enhancement;
67
Price
Policy
Rabi Crops
for
II.
Efficiency gaps in India's yield levels compared to those of world

average are quite significant. These gaps increase substantially when
our yield levels are compared with those of benchmark countries. To
ramp up our productivity levels to be more competitive, there is a
need to set up an Expert Group to study the best international
farming practices, deepen the understanding of factors that have
helped benchmark countries achieve the highest levels of
productivity and also to explore the possibility of using those
practices/factors, with mutatis mutandis, in Indian conditions after
taking its agro-climatic conditions in view.
III. Gross return over A2+FL is an important factor that drives

productivity. This indicates that price policy has critical role to play in
promoting overall production and productivity. Therefore, there is
an urgent need to getting the prices right.
68
Chapter 6
Price
Chapter 6
Considerations and Recommendations for Price Policy
Factors that go into consideration for recommending the MSP Policy:
6.1
As per the mandate of the Commission, the first and foremost need
is to make Indian agriculture remunerative enough so that farmers
feel incentivized to adopt new technologies, and raise productivity
in a sustainable manner. Profitability is a function of costs and
prices, but costs are heavily influenced by the levels of productivity.
Increase in productivity would therefore help cut down real costs of
production over time, making Indian agriculture not only a globally
competitive sector, but also a remunerative one for cultivators and
agri-labour alike, which in turn can drastically reduce poverty in
rural areas.
6.2
Policy
Rabi Crops
for
Profitability
is a function
of both
costs and
prices, and
costs can be
reduced by
enhancing
productivity
In doing so, the Commission is expected to take into account the

following factors which are part of the broad terms of reference
namely, the cost of production of the commodity, overall demandsupply, domestic and international prices, inter-crop parity in
returns, a balance in terms of trade between agriculture and nonagriculture sector, and their likely impact on the overall prices in the
economy. It is within this framework that the Commission has
looked into the emerging demand-supply patterns of rabi crops in
the country as well as their international scenario and links
between costs and productivity.
Overall Demand and Supply

6.3
In 2011-12, India is expected to reap a record harvest of grains
crossing 257 million tonnes and total grain stocks with public
agencies have touched 80.5 million tonnes on July 1, 2012 (more
than double the buffer stock norms of 32 million tonnes and much
higher than the available covered stocking capacity of only 45
million tonnes) (Chart 6.1). The public granaries are overflowing
with a huge surplus with a substantial part (about half is kept in
kutcha and pucca plinths) susceptible to damage. Carrying such
huge stocks also involves high carrying costs. The main reasons,
behind this accumulation are export ban on wheat and common
rice during 2007-2011; record production aided by good weather,
open-ended procurement with additional bonuses on MSP
(especially in Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan); high statutory levies
71
Price
Policy
Rabi Crops
for
Chapter 1.
(especially in Punjab and Haryana) which drives the private sector out
and distort the
foodOverview
grain markets; along with stagnating offtake from
An
the PDS.
Chart 6.1: Bulging Stocks of Foodgrains with State Agencies (2007 - 12)
100.00
Mn tonnes
80.00
60.00
57.9
80.5
36.2
40.00
23.9
20.00
Comfortable
stocks of
foodgrains
but large
deficit of
edible oils and
pulses.
0.00
2007
2008
2009
2010
Rice
Wheat
2011
2012
Source: FCI
Note: The stocks of rice and wheat are as on 1st July of each year.
6.4
72
52.5
64.0
In case of oilseeds (edible oils) and pulses, India still remains a large
importer, indicating that demand exceeds supplies by large margin.
In case of edible oils, India has imported a whopping US$ 9.7 billion
(Rs 46,242 crore) worth of edible oils in 2011-12 a 47.5 percent
jump from last year. Imports of edible oils constitute almost half of
total domestic consumption of edible oils. This should be a matter
of concern for policy makers. Similarly, India imported pulses worth
US$ 1.8 billion (Rs 8767 crore) during 2011-12- an increase of 16.4
percent as compared to last year (Chart 6.2). Oilseeds (edible oils)
and pulses thus remain major challenges for India in terms of
meeting its demand from domestic production. Oilseeds and
pulses are mainly rainfed crops and the benefits of major
agricultural subsidies viz fertilizer, irrigation and power, accrue
mostly towards irrigated crops. In the current design of the system,
there is an inherent bias against rainfed crops like pulses and
oilseeds and farmers need to be incentivized adequately to shift
cultivation of these crops to better irrigated lands. The key
question is whether India should pay more for imports on per unit
basis (like for palm oil) or should one give a higher MSP at home to
incentivize farmers to produce more of oilseeds, whose demand is
increasing much faster than that for cereals. The answer is obvious
that domestic production is always preferable as long as it is
internationally competitive.
Price
Policy
Rabi Crops
for
Chart-6.2: Rising Imports of Edible Oils & Pulses

60,000.00
55010
Rs crore
50,000.00
36297
40,000.00
21808
30,000.00
20,000.00
37010
13432
15676
10,000.00
0.00
2006-07
2007-08 2008-09 2009-10

Edible Oils
Pulses
2010-11
2011-12
Source: DOC
6.5
In this context, it may be noted that largest chunk (more than 70

percent) of edible oil imports consists of palm oil. The demand for
edible oils has been increasing at a fast pace and in order to develop
an edible oil industry through seasonal crop, it would need huge
amount of land (16 million ha) to produce 4 million tonnes of oil.
But 1 million ha. of oil palm can give 4 million tonnes of oil.
Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop oil palm on the
identified areas. Currently, 2 lakh ha are under oil palm and another
8 lakh ha. can be developed. The Commission has already
submitted a separate report to the Government in January, 2012,
which gives a development strategy wherein an investment of Rs
10,080 crore spread over 6 years can help bring in additional 8 lakh
ha. under palm. This will help save an import bill equal to Rs 6 lakh
crore (cumulative) over the next 27 years. This needs to be given a
high priority to help contain the rising import bill of edible oils.
Global Scenario
6.6
FAO-OECD's latest agriculture outlook (2012-2021) suggests that
global economic growth and stronger demand for agricultural
products, high and rising oil and energy prices, along with growing
biofuel demand and slowing production growth, are expected to
help keep the prices of agricultural products at relatively high levels
over the outlook period. Global agricultural production is projected
to grow at 1.7 percent annually, on average, compared to 2.6
percent in the previous decade. Growing resource constraints,
environmental pressures, and higher costs for some inputs are
Agri-prices
are expected
to stand firm
in the next
decade
73
Price
Policy
Rabi Crops
for
anticipated to inhibit supply response in virtually all regions. To ease

the pressure on international prices, emphasis needs to be laid on
increasing sustainable agricultural productivity growth. The latest
FAO Price indices also signal firm pricing scenario for food products.
Since the latter half of June 2012, international wheat prices have
risen aligning themselves with corn prices which are under pressure
(Chart 6.3).
Chart 6.3: CBOT Wheat quotes during April-July 2012
1000
$/ Bushel
900
800
700
600
500
400
25.07.12
18.07.12
11.07.12
03.07.12
26.06.12
19.06.12
12.06.12
05.06.12
29.05.12
22.05.12
15.05.12
08.05.12
01.05.12
24.04.12
17.04.12
10.04.12
02.04.12
300
Source: Newswire 18
Note: 1 metric tonne equals 36.74371 bushels of Wheat
6.7
Avoid
commodity
export bans,
regulate
exports
through
tariffs
74
03
India is a major player in global agricultural trade and is among 15

leading exporters of agricultural products in the world. The ratio of
agricultural exports and imports as a percent of agricultural GDP
has risen from 4.9 percent in 1990-91 to 17.9 percent in 2011-12.
India is a net exporter of agricultural commodities with agricultural
exports constituting 11.9 percent of India's total exports in 201112. India is the second largest producer of agricultural produce in
the world but it has a share of only 1.7 percent in world trade of
agricultural products in 2010. This is mainly due to a cautious agriexport policy that India follows given the need to feed a large and
growing population. This makes exports of some food products
more as a residual i.e. after meeting the domestic needs.
Nevertheless, over the years, India's overall agricultural exports
and imports have made rapid strides particularly after 2005-06
(Chart 6.4). If India follows a more liberal and stable export policy, it
is very likely that India's agri-exports can go up even further
indicating a 'revealed comparative advantage' in agriculture.
Price
Policy
Rabi Crops
for
Chart 6.4: India's Agri Exports & Agri-Imports

40.00
35.00
US$ Billion
30.00
25.00
20.00
15.00
10.00
5.00
2011 - 12
2009- 10
2008- 09
2007- 08
2006- 07
Agri Exports
2010 - 11
Agri Imports
2005- 06
2004- 05
2003-04
2002- 03
2001- 02
2000-01
0.00
Source: DOC & Agricultural statistics at a Glance
Costs, Returns and Terms of Trade

6.8
As can be seen from Table 6.1, the average margins for actual C2
costs in major rabi crops over MSP for the period 2008-09 to 201011 have been positive for wheat, R&M, lentil and barley but
negative for gram and safflower. Wheat farmers have been
earning similar margins over MSP and over actual prices received
by farmers indicating that MSP and market prices for wheat are
aligned. It also indicates that MSP policy is very effective in
ensuring a good margin over cost C2 as far as wheat production is
concerned. For R&M also, the margins of MSP and actual prices
over C2 are similar at 26.6 percent and 23 percent respectively.
For gram, the net returns are negative with respect to its MSP, but
the actual realized net returns on the basis of actual costs and
revenue are higher for both gram & lentil. This indicates that MSP,
especially for rabi pulses, is out of sync with market prices.
Wide gap
between
Margins over
MSP and
Market
Prices
Table 6.1: Average Margins of MSP over C2 and Net Returns for Major Rabi
Crops
Crop
Average Margin (%) of Average Net Returns as
MSP over C2 (2008-09 to
a % C2 (2008-09 to
2010-11)
2010-11)
Wheat
38.2
36
Gram
-3.6
39
R&M
26.6
23
Lentil
4.2
47
Barley
12.9
52
Safflower
-19.6
13
Source: Calculated on the basis of CS data available from DES
75
Price
Policy
Rabi Crops
for
6.9
The projected cost levels for the crop season 2012-13 for the major
rabi crops are indicated in table 6.2. It has been observed that
returns for wheat over A2+FL and C2 costs have been greater than
rabi pulses. Therefore, given the high import bill of pulses, the
incentive structures for pulses need to be made favourable to
augment their production.
Table 6.2: Projected C2 costs for crop season 2012-13 for major rabi crops
Crop
Wheat
Barley
Gram
Lentil
Rapeseed/Mustard
Safflower
Projected C2 costs for crop season

2012-13 (Rs /qtl)
1098.47
888.02
2377.42
3208.48
2031.91
3384.06
Note: Projected C2 costs include costs of transportation, marketing and insurance
6.10 The terms of trade between agriculture and non-agriculture,

measured as the ratio of prices received by the farming community
for their produce sold and prices paid for products that are bought
by peasantry, have remained somewhat stable during the last five
years. The index is prepared by DES, and it shows movement
marginally in favor of agriculture (Annex table 4.9).
Productivity & Costs
Need to
focus on the
drivers of
productivity
and
reduction in
costs
76
6.11 A prudent response to ever increasing costs of production lies in

productivity enhancement. But alarmingly, the growth in yield
levels for all rabi crops except R&M has decelerated in 2000s as
compared to 1990s. Efficiency gaps in India's yield levels compared
to those of world average are quite significant. These gaps increase
substantially when our yield levels are compared with those of
benchmark countries. To ramp up our productivity levels to be
more competitive, there is a need to set up an Expert Group to
study the best international farming practices and deepen the
understanding of factors that have helped benchmark countries
achieve the high levels of productivity.
Price
6.12 Gross returns over A2+FL is an important factor that drives
productivity which indicates that price policy has a critical role to
play in overall production and productivity. Therefore, there is an
urgent need to getting the prices right. Another innovative way
by which farmers could reduce costs is by adopting better farming
practices and/or by forming farmer groups. Producer groups are
better at adoption of new farming practices, as well as saving
through bulk purchase of various inputs and bulk selling of their
produce, thereby empowering them in the supply chain. Group
farming also opens up the option of using micro finance
institutions to reach the farmers with reasonable cost of credit.
Policy
Rabi Crops
for
Cost of Living
6.13 There has been a rising concern over the high food inflation leading
to the high cost of living for rural and industrial workers. However, a
careful analysis of food inflation reveals that a larger chunk of food
inflation is originating from fruits & vegetables, milk and fish, meat
& eggs rather than cereals and pulses.
Commission's recommendation of MSP Policy for Rabi Crops to be
marketed in 2013-14:
Keeping all these factors in mind, the Commission recommends the
following MSPs of different Rabi crops for RMS 2013-14: (Table 6.3).
77
Price
Policy
Rabi Crops
for
Table 6.3: Recommended MSPs of Rabi Crops (RMS 2013-14) and their Justification
(Rs./qtl)
Note: 1. Figures in parentheses indicate percentage increase over last year

2. The wholesale price for Wheat is for Bulandshahar in UP, for Bengal Gram-Hoshangabad in MP,
for R&M- Bharatpur in Rajasthan, for Lentil Banda in UP, for Barley-Udaipur in Rajasthan, for
Safflower- Jalana in Maharashtra taken from AGMARKNET
3. International prices are taken from World Bank for Wheat (US), no. 1, Hard Red Winter, ordinary
protein, export price delivered at the US Gulf port , Barley (Canada), feed, Western no. 1, from
Cereals & Oilseeds Review - Statistics Canada for Rapeseed
4. Figures in braces are in Rs/qtl at the prevailing exchange rate
(Ashok Gulati)
CHAIRMAN
(Ashok Vishandass)
MEMBER
78
August 6, 2012
(Anandi Subramanian)
MEMBER SECRETARY

S.No.
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
2.10
TABLES
Contents
PageNo.
AllIndiaEstimatesofArea,ProductionandYieldofAllCrops
13
TrendsinArea,ProductionandYieldofMajorCrops
410
Wheat :Area,ProductionandYield
11
Barley:Area,ProductionandYield
12
Gram :Area,ProductionandYield
13
Masur(Lentil) :Area,ProductionandYield
14
Rapeseed/Mustard:Area,ProductionandYield
15
Safflower :Area,ProductionandYield
16
MinimumSupportPricesRecommendedbyCACPandFixedbyGovernment
17
PurchasesofGram,Masur,Rapeseed/MustardandSafflowerUnderPriceSupport
18
&CommercialbyNAFED
2.11
2.12
2.13
2.14
2.15
2.16
2.17
2.18
2.19
2.20
2.21
2.22
2.23
2.24
2.25
2.26
2.27
BufferStockofCerealswiththeCentralPool
SchemewiseOfftakeofFoodgrainsfromtheCentralPool
CentralIssuePricesofCereals
Wheat :MonthendWholesalePrices
Barley:MonthendWholesalePrices
Gram :MonthendWholesalePrices
Masur(Lentil) :MonthendWholesalePrices
Rapeseed/Mustard:MonthendWholesalePrices
MustardOil :MonthendWholesalePrices
Safflower :MonthendWholesalePrices
SafflowerOil :MonthendWholesalePrices
AllCommodities:IndexNumbersofWholesalePrices
Cereals :IndexNumbersofWholesalePrices
Pulses:IndexNumbersofWholesalePrices
Oilseeds :IndexNumbersofWholesalePrices
Edibleoils :IndexNumbersofWholesalePrices
AvailabilityofRabiCrops
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
IndicesofInternationalCommodityPrices
InternationalCommodityPrices
InternationalandDomesticWholesalePrice(Quarterly)
ComparisonofunitvalueofexportofwheatwithMSP
ExportandImportofFoodgrains
ExportandImportofPulses
ImportofEdibleOils
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4(A)
4.4(B)
4.4(C)
4.4(D)
4.4(E)
4.4(F)
4.5
4.6
4.7
StatewiseReturnsoverActualCostofProduction
MonthwiseAverageDailyWageRatesforAgriculturalLabour(Man)
FarmInputs:IndexnumbersofWholesalePrices
CostEstimatesforWheat
CostEstimatesforBarley
CostEstimatesforGram
CostEstimatesforLentil/Masur
CostEstimatesforRapeseed/Mustard
CostEstimatesforSafflower
ProjectedCostofProductionofRabiCrops
ProjectedCostofProduction(C2&A2+FL)forRabi201213
ComparativeStatementofCostEstimatesofRabiCropsprovidedunder
ComprehensiveSchemeandthosebyStateGovernment
19
20
21
2223
24
2526
27
2829
30
31
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
4546
47
48
49
49
50
50
51
51
52
5354
5556
4.8(1)
4.8(2)
4.8(3)
4.8(4)
4.8(5)
4.8(6)
4.8(7)
4.8(8)
4.8(9)
4.8(10)
4.8(11)
4.8(12)
4.8(13)
4.8(14)
4.8(15)
4.8(16)
4.8(17)
4.8(18)
4.9
Wheat
:EstimatesofCostofCultivation/Productionandrelateddata
Wheat
:BreakupofCostofCultivationperhectare
Wheat
:VariableInputPriceIndex
Barley
Barley
Barley
Gram
Gram
Gram
Lentil/Masur
Lentil/Masur
Lentil/Masur
Rapeseed/Mustard
Rapeseed/Mustard
Rapeseed/Mustard
Safflower
Safflower
Safflower
IndexofInputOutputPriceParitybasedonIndexofTermsofTrade
5.1
84
5.7
StatewiseCompoundAnnualRateofGrowthinArea,ProductionandYieldofWheatDuringDecadesof
1990svisavis2000s
StatewiseCompoundAnnualRateofGrowthinArea,ProductionandYieldofBarleyDuringDecadesof
1990svisavis2000s
StatewiseCompoundAnnualRateofGrowthinArea,ProductionandYieldofGramDuringDecadesof
1990svisavis2000s
StatewiseCompoundAnnualRateofGrowthinArea,ProductionandYieldofLentilDuringDecadesof
1990svisavis2000s
StatewiseCompoundAnnualRateofGrowthinArea,ProductionandYieldofRapeseed/MustardDuring
Decadesof1990svisavis2000s
StatewiseCompoundAnnualRateofGrowthinArea,ProductionandYieldofSafflowerDuringDecades
of1990svisavis2000s
SharesofProduction,Yieldlevels,IrrigationandSRRinMajorRabiCropsProducingStates
5.8
India'sRankinlandproductivityintheWorldinrespectofVariousRabiCrops
91
5.9
StatewiseandYearwiseDivergencebetweenYieldLevelsUnderCSSchemeandCCEsinWheatGrowing
States
StatewiseandYearwiseDivergencebetweenYieldLevelsUnderCSSchemeandCCEsinBarleyGrowing
States
StatewiseandYearwiseDivergencebetweenYieldLevelsUnderCSSchemeandCCEsinGramGrowing
States
StatewiseandYearwiseDivergencebetweenYieldLevelsUnderCSSchemeandCCEsinLentilGrowing
States
StatewiseandYearwiseDivergencebetweenYieldLevelsUnderCSSchemeandCCEsinRapeseed/
MustardGrowingStates
StatewiseandYearwiseDivergencebetweenYieldLevelsUnderCSSchemeandCCEsinSafflower
GrowingStates
AnnexureI:MinimumSupportPrices(MSP)RecommendedbyStateGovernments
AnnexureII:WholesalePricesFallenBelowMSP
92
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.10
5.11
5.12
5.13
5.14
5758
5960
6163
64
65
66
67
68
6971
72
73
7475
76
77
7879
80
81
82
83
85
86
87
88
89
90
93
94
95
96
97
98
99100
P-1
Table - 2.1
All India Estimates of Area of Agricultural Commodities

Crops
1
Rice
Kharif
Rabi
Total
Wheat
Barley
Coarse Cereals
Kharif
Rabi
Total
Cereals
Kharif
Rabi
Total
Jowar
Kharif
Rabi
Total
Bajra
Maize
Kharif
Rabi
Total
Ragi
Tur (Arhar)
Moong
Urad
Gram
Pulses
Kharif
Rabi
Total
Foodgrains
Kharif
Rabi
Total
Groundnut
Kharif
Rabi
Total
Soyabean
Sunflower
Kharif
Rabi
Total
Sesamum
Nigerseed
Rapeseed/
Mustard
Safflower
Nine Oilseeds
Kharif
Rabi
Total
Cotton
Jute
Mesta
Jute & Mesta
VFC Tobacco#
Sugarcane
(Million hectares)
2010-11 2011-12*
12
13
2000-01
2
2001-02
3
2002-03
4
2003-04
5
2004-05
6
2005-06
7
2006-07
8
2007-08
9
2008-09
10
2009-10
11
40.70
4.01
44.71
25.73
0.78
40.62
4.28
44.90
26.34
0.66
38.04
3.14
41.18
25.20
0.70
39.23
3.36
42.59
26.59
0.66
38.37
3.54
41.91
26.38
0.62
39.34
4.32
43.66
26.48
0.63
39.60
4.21
43.81
27.99
0.65
39.45
4.46
43.91
28.04
0.60
40.79
4.74
45.53
27.75
0.71
37.60
4.32
41.92
28.46
0.62
38.03
4.83
42.86
29.07
0.71
40.07
3.91
43.97
29.90
0.65
23.86
6.40
30.26
22.89
6.63
29.52
20.57
6.42
26.99
24.52
6.28
30.80
22.58
6.45
29.03
22.70
6.36
29.06
22.39
6.31
28.71
22.62
5.87
28.49
20.83
6.62
27.45
21.31
6.37
27.68
22.15
6.29
28.43
20.67
5.70
26.37
64.56
36.14
100.70
63.51
37.26
100.77
58.61
34.75
93.36
63.75
36.24
99.99
60.94
36.37
97.31
62.04
37.17
99.21
62.00
38.52
100.52
62.07
38.36
100.43
61.62
39.12
100.74
58.91
39.14
98.05
60.18
40.18
100.36
60.74
39.51
100.25
4.86
4.99
9.85
9.83
4.47
5.32
9.80
9.53
4.24
5.06
9.30
7.74
4.46
4.87
9.33
10.61
4.10
4.99
9.09
9.23
3.76
4.90
8.67
9.58
3.74
4.73
8.47
9.51
3.50
4.26
7.76
9.57
2.89
4.64
7.53
8.75
3.24
4.55
7.79
8.90
3.07
4.31
7.38
9.61
2.60
3.73
6.32
8.69
5.99
0.62
6.61
1.76
3.63
3.01
3.01
5.19
5.93
0.65
6.58
1.65
3.33
3.09
3.30
6.42
5.98
0.66
6.64
1.42
3.36
3.01
3.55
5.91
6.59
0.75
7.34
1.67
3.52
3.55
3.42
7.05
6.59
0.84
7.43
1.55
3.52
3.34
3.17
6.71
6.76
0.83
7.59
1.53
3.58
3.11
2.97
6.90
6.96
0.93
7.89
1.18
3.56
3.19
3.07
7.49
7.12
1.00
8.12
1.39
3.73
3.73
3.19
7.54
6.89
1.28
8.17
1.38
3.38
2.84
2.67
7.89
7.06
1.20
8.26
1.27
3.47
3.07
2.96
8.17
7.28
1.27
8.55
1.29
4.37
3.51
3.26
9.19
7.39
1.32
8.71
1.21
4.04
3.43
3.30
8.32
10.66
9.69
20.35
10.72
11.29
22.01
9.95
10.55
20.50
11.68
11.78
23.46
11.32
11.45
22.77
10.68
11.68
22.36
10.68
12.52
23.19
11.49
12.14
23.63
9.81
12.29
22.09
10.58
12.70
23.28
12.32
14.08
26.40
11.35
13.44
24.78
75.22
45.83
121.05
74.24
48.54
122.78
68.56
45.30
113.86
75.44
48.01
123.45
72.26
47.82
120.08
72.72
48.85
121.57
72.67
51.04
123.71
73.56
50.51
124.07
71.43
51.40
122.83
69.49
51.84
121.33
72.50
54.27
126.76
72.09
52.95
125.03
5.71
0.85
6.56
6.42
5.46
0.78
6.24
6.34
5.27
0.66
5.94
6.11
5.20
0.79
5.99
6.55
5.79
0.85
6.64
7.57
5.74
1.00
6.74
7.71
4.78
0.83
5.61
8.33
5.31
0.98
6.29
8.88
5.29
0.88
6.16
9.51
4.62
0.86
5.48
9.73
4.98
0.88
5.86
9.60
4.30
1.02
5.31
10.18
0.42
0.66
1.08
1.72
0.44
4.48
0.31
0.87
1.18
1.67
0.48
5.07
0.53
1.11
1.64
1.44
0.41
4.54
0.61
1.39
2.00
1.70
0.43
5.43
0.87
1.29
2.16
1.84
0.43
7.32
0.92
1.42
2.34
1.72
0.41
7.28
0.86
1.30
2.16
1.70
0.47
6.79
0.76
1.15
1.91
1.80
0.41
5.83
0.66
1.15
1.81
1.81
0.39
6.30
0.57
0.91
1.48
1.94
0.38
5.59
0.32
0.61
0.93
2.08
0.37
6.90
0.26
0.46
0.72
1.92
0.36
5.92
0.42
0.40
0.37
0.36
0.37
0.36
0.38
0.32
0.29
0.29
0.24
0.24
15.78
6.99
22.77
8.54
14.98
7.66
22.64
9.13
14.35
7.14
21.49
7.67
15.02
8.64
23.66
7.60
16.77
10.45
27.22
8.79
17.37
10.49
27.86
8.68
16.77
9.74
26.51
9.14
17.95
8.74
26.69
9.41
18.53
9.03
27.56
9.41
17.97
7.99
25.96
10.13
18.23
9.00
27.22
11.24
18.49
7.95
26.44
12.18
0.87
0.86
0.85
0.77
0.76
0.79
0.81
0.17
0.17
0.15
0.14
0.14
0.14
0.15
1.04
1.04
1.00
0.91
0.90
0.94
0.96
0.14
0.15
0.18
0.18
0.19
0.21
0.21
4.41
4.52
3.94
3.66
4.20
5.15
5.06
* : Fourth Advance Estimates
# : Tobacco Board.
Source : Directorate of Economics & Statistics, Ministry of Agriculture.
0.79
0.12
0.90
0.23
4.42
0.81
0.09
0.91
0.26
4.17
0.77
0.10
0.87
0.26
4.88
0.81
0.10
0.91
0.22
5.09
(Contd..)
0.83
0.19
1.02
0.04
4.32
P-2
Table - 2.1
All India Estimates of Production of Agricultural Commodities

Crops
1
Rice
Kharif
Rabi
Total
Wheat
Barley
Coarse Cereals
Kharif
Rabi
Total
Cereals
Kharif
Rabi
Total
Jowar
Kharif
Rabi
Total
Bajra
Maize
Kharif
Rabi
Total
Ragi
Tur (Arhar)
Moong
Urad
Gram
Pulses
Kharif
Rabi
Total
Foodgrains
Kharif
Rabi
Total
Groundnut
Kharif
Rabi
Total
Soyabean
Sunflower
Kharif
Rabi
Total
Sesamum
Nigerseed
Rapeseed/
Mustard
Safflower
Nine Oilseeds
Kharif
Rabi
Total
Cotton$
Cotton$$
Jute##
Mesta##
Jute & Mesta##
VFC Tobacco#
Sugarcane
(Million tonnes)
2010-11 2011-12*
12
13
2000-01
2
2001-02
3
2002-03
4
2003-04
5
2004-05
6
2005-06
7
2006-07
8
2007-08
9
2008-09
10
2009-10
11
72.78
12.20
84.98
69.68
1.43
80.52
12.82
93.34
72.77
1.42
63.08
8.74
71.82
65.76
1.41
78.62
9.91
88.53
72.16
1.30
72.23
10.90
83.13
68.64
1.20
78.27
13.52
91.79
69.35
1.22
80.17
13.18
93.35
75.81
0.65
82.66
14.03
96.69
78.57
1.20
84.91
14.27
99.18
80.68
1.69
75.92
13.18
89.09
80.80
1.35
80.65
15.33
95.98
86.87
1.66
91.53
12.79
104.32
93.90
1.61
24.86
6.22
31.08
26.71
6.67
33.38
19.99
6.08
26.07
32.22
5.38
37.60
26.36
7.10
33.46
26.74
7.33
34.07
25.61
8.31
33.92
31.89
8.86
40.75
28.54
11.49
40.04
23.83
9.72
33.55
33.37
10.32
43.68
32.26
9.75
42.01
97.64
88.10
185.74
107.23
92.25
199.48
83.07
80.58
163.65
110.83
87.45
198.28
98.59
86.64
185.23
105.01
90.21
195.22
105.78
97.30
203.08
114.55
101.46
216.01
113.45
106.45
219.90
99.75
103.70
203.45
114.02
112.52
226.54
123.79
116.45
240.24
4.56
2.97
7.53
6.76
4.23
3.33
7.56
8.28
4.22
2.79
7.01
4.72
4.84
1.84
6.68
12.11
4.04
3.20
7.24
7.93
4.07
3.56
7.63
7.68
3.71
3.44
7.15
8.42
4.12
3.81
7.93
9.97
3.05
4.19
7.25
8.89
2.76
3.94
6.70
6.51
3.44
3.56
7.00
10.37
3.24
2.79
6.03
10.05
10.22
1.82
12.04
2.73
2.25
1.02
1.30
3.86
11.25
1.91
13.16
2.37
2.26
1.11
1.50
5.47
9.27
1.88
11.15
1.32
2.19
0.87
1.47
4.24
12.73
2.25
14.98
1.97
2.36
1.70
1.47
5.72
11.48
2.70
14.18
2.43
2.35
1.06
1.33
5.47
12.16
2.55
14.71
2.35
2.74
0.95
1.25
5.58
11.56
3.54
15.10
1.18
2.31
1.12
1.44
6.33
15.11
3.85
18.96
2.15
3.08
1.52
1.46
5.75
14.12
5.61
19.73
2.04
2.27
1.03
1.17
7.06
12.29
4.43
16.72
1.89
2.46
0.69
1.23
7.48
16.64
5.09
21.73
2.19
2.86
1.80
1.76
8.22
16.22
5.35
21.57
2.01
2.65
1.71
1.83
7.58
4.45
6.63
11.08
4.84
8.53
13.37
4.15
6.98
11.13
6.17
8.74
14.91
4.72
8.41
13.13
4.86
8.50
13.36
4.80
9.40
14.20
6.40
8.36
14.76
4.69
9.88
14.57
4.20
10.46
14.66
7.12
11.12
18.24
6.16
11.05
17.21
102.08
94.73
196.81
112.07
100.78
212.85
87.22
87.55
174.77
117.00
96.19
213.19
103.31
95.05
198.36
109.87
98.70
208.58
110.57
106.71
217.28
120.96
109.82
230.78
118.14
116.33
234.47
103.95
114.16
218.11
121.14
123.64
244.78
129.94
127.50
257.44
4.91
1.50
6.41
5.28
5.62
1.41
7.03
5.96
3.10
1.03
4.12
4.66
6.86
1.27
8.13
7.82
5.26
1.51
6.77
6.88
6.30
1.70
7.99
8.27
3.29
1.57
4.86
8.85
7.36
1.82
9.18
10.97
5.62
1.55
7.17
9.91
3.85
1.58
5.43
9.96
6.64
1.62
8.27
12.74
5.10
1.84
6.93
12.28
0.24
0.41
0.65
0.52
0.11
4.19
0.16
0.52
0.68
0.70
0.13
5.08
0.27
0.60
0.87
0.44
0.09
3.88
0.31
0.62
0.93
0.78
0.11
6.29
0.43
0.76
1.19
0.67
0.11
7.59
0.46
0.98
1.44
0.64
0.11
8.13
0.37
0.86
1.23
0.62
0.12
7.44
0.46
1.00
1.46
0.76
0.11
5.83
0.36
0.80
1.16
0.64
0.12
7.20
0.21
0.64
0.85
0.59
0.10
6.61
0.19
0.46
0.65
0.89
0.11
8.18
0.15
0.35
0.50
0.82
0.10
6.78
0.20
0.22
0.18
0.13
0.17
0.23
0.24
0.22
0.19
0.18
0.15
0.12
11.94
6.50
18.44
14.00
9.52
9.32
1.24
10.56
0.04
295.96
13.22
7.44
20.66
15.80
10.00
10.58
1.09
11.68
0.18
297.21
8.98
5.86
14.84
13.60
8.62
10.27
1.00
11.28
0.19
287.38
16.52
8.67
25.19
17.90
13.73
10.25
0.92
11.17
0.22
233.86
14.15
10.21
24.35
24.30
16.43
9.40
0.87
10.27
0.24
237.09
16.77
11.21
27.98
24.10
18.50
9.97
0.87
10.84
0.23
281.17
14.01
10.28
24.29
28.00
22.63
10.32
0.96
11.27
0.27
355.52
20.71
9.04
29.76
30.70
25.88
10.22
0.99
11.21
0.25
348.19
17.81
9.91
27.72
29.00
22.28
9.63
0.73
10.37
0.32
285.03
15.73
9.15
24.88
30.50
24.02
11.23
0.59
11.82
0.32
292.30
21.92
10.56
32.48
33.91
33.00
10.01
0.61
10.62
0.30
342.38
20.79
9.23
30.01
34.51
35.20
10.89
0.68
11.57
N.A.
357.60
(Contd..)

## : Million bales of 180 kgs each.
# : Tobacco Board.
$ : CAB estimates of million bales of 170 kgs each.
$ $ : Million bales of 170 kgs each.
P-3
Table - 2.1 (Concluded)
All India Estimates of Yield of Agricultural Commodities

Crops
1
Rice
Kharif
Rabi
Total
Wheat
Barley
Coarse Cereals
Kharif
Rabi
Total
Cereals
Kharif
Rabi
Total
Jowar
Kharif
Rabi
Total
Bajra
Maize
Kharif
Rabi
Total
Ragi
Tur (Arhar)
Moong
Urad
Gram
Pulses
Kharif
Rabi
Total
Foodgrains
Kharif
Rabi
Total
Groundnut
Kharif
Rabi
Total
Soyabean
Sunflower
Kharif
Rabi
Total
Sesamum
Nigerseed
Rapeseed/
Mustard
Safflower
Nine Oilseeds
Kharif
Rabi
Total
Cotton $
Cotton
Jute
Mesta
Jute & Mesta
VFC Tobacco#
Sugarcane
(Kgs per hectare)

2010-11 2011-12*
12
13
2000-01
2
2001-02
3
2002-03
4
2003-04
5
2004-05
6
2005-06
7
2006-07
8
2007-08
9
2008-09
10
2009-10
11
1788
3042
1901
2708
1833
1982
2993
2079
2763
2155
1658
2784
1744
2610
2010
2004
2947
2078
2713
1975
1882
3080
1984
2602
1958
1990
3127
2102
2619
1938
2024
3129
2131
2708
1006
2095
3146
2202
2802
2000
2081
3011
2178
2907
2394
2019
3053
2125
2839
2172
2121
3175
2239
2989
2355
2284
3274
2372
3140
2481
1042
972
1027
1167
1006
1131
972
947
966
1314
858
1221
1168
1102
1153
1178
1152
1172
1144
1316
1182
1410
1511
1431
1371
1735
1459
1119
1525
1212
1507
1641
1536
1561
1711
1593
1512
2438
1844
1688
2476
1980
1417
2319
1753
1739
2413
1983
1618
2382
1904
1693
2427
1968
1706
2526
2020
1845
2645
2151
1841
2721
2183
1693
2649
2075
1895
2800
2257
2038
2948
2396
938
595
764
688
946
626
772
869
994
552
754
610
1085
377
716
1141
987
641
797
859
1082
726
880
802
992
727
844
886
1177
894
1021
1042
1055
904
962
1015
853
865
860
731
1120
826
948
1079
1249
749
954
1156
1706
2935
1821
1551
620
339
432
744
1896
2948
1999
1439
679
360
454
853
1551
2852
1680
933
652
288
415
718
1932
2987
2041
1180
670
482
430
811
1740
3224
1907
1567
668
317
420
815
1799
3076
1938
1534
765
304
419
808
1661
3792
1913
1002
649
351
470
845
2123
3855
2336
1550
827
364
440
763
2048
4387
2414
1477
671
360
427
895
1740
3694
2024
1489
713
225
418
915
2285
4005
2541
1703
655
513
539
895
2195
4047
2476
1661
656
499
555
911
417
684
544
451
756
607
417
662
543
528
742
636
417
734
577
456
727
597
450
751
612
557
689
625
478
804
659
397
823
630
578
790
691
543
822
694
1357
2067
1626
1510
2076
1734
1272
1933
1535
1551
2004
1727
1430
1988
1652
1511
2020
1716
1522
2091
1756
1644
2174
1860
1654
2263
1909
1496
2202
1798
1671
2278
1931
1803
2408
2059
860
1765
977
822
1029
1801
1126
940
587
1547
694
762
1319
1608
1357
1194
908
1776
1020
909
1097
1702
1187
1073
689
1879
866
1063
1386
1857
1459
1235
1063
1764
1163
1041
835
1830
991
1024
1335
1846
1411
1327
1186
1805
1305
1207
571
618
600
302
250
935
502
604
577
418
272
1002
511
541
532
305
208
854
508
446
465
459
256
1158
494
589
551
364
256
1037
496
692
615
372
261
1117
426
661
567
363
258
1095
605
870
764
422
268
1000
540
696
639
354
297
1143
378
697
574
303
266
1183
609
748
701
429
291
1185
557
770
692
428
275
1146
476
547
484
356
459
627
637
688
642
621
615
502
757
929
810
279
190
2021
1175
1864
1055
68572
883
626
1100
837
965
836
1154
972
821
1003
989
1068
1055
1034
913
691
1065
895
1004
916
1115
294
301
400
470
472
521
555
186
191
307
318
362
421
468
2190
2139
2175
2197
2362
2342
2271
1132
1056
1104
1122
1136
1212
1188
2013
1960
2014
2032
2176
2159
2102
1312
1277
1242
1329
1194
1312
1191
67379
63575
59355
64778
66930
69033
68812
# : Tobacco Board.
$ : CAB estimates
961
875
1203
1097
1146
1174
1006
958
1193
524
512
513
403
403
499
2207
2492
2329
1141
1122
1115
2071
2349
2192
1375
1247
1166
64553
70021
70091
1124
1160
1135
482
491
2423
1194
2285
70311
P-4
Table - 2.2
All India Trends in Area under Agriculture
Year
1
T.E.1990-91
T.E.2000-01
T.E.2010-11
Compnd. Gr Rate
1990-91 to 2000-01
2000-01 to 2010-11
1990-91 to 2010-11
Fitted Gr Rate
1990-91 to 2000-01
2000-01 to 2010-11
1990-91 to 2010-11
CV :
1990-91 to 2000-01
2000-01 to 2010-11
1990-91 to 2010-11
Gross
Cropped
Area*
2
183429
188462
194231
Foodgrains
Cereals
Kharif
3
81406
74150
71139
Rabi
4
46021
48957
52505
Total
5
127427
123106
123644
0.27
0.34
0.30
-0.93
-0.41
-0.67
0.62
0.70
0.66
-0.34
0.04
-0.15
0.24
0.73
0.22
-0.73
-0.34
-0.46
0.78
1.52
0.59
1.39
3.29
2.54
3.02
2.96
3.74
4.57
5.45
5.23
Kharif
6
70036
63883
60236
Coarse Cereals
Rabi
7
33652
37569
39482
Total
8
103688
101451
99718
-0.92
-0.59
-0.75
1.11
0.50
0.80
-0.15
0.41
-0.05
-0.66
-0.49
-0.55
1.57
2.65
2.24
2.80
3.09
4.04
* : In case of Gross Cropped Area, data available is up to 2009-10

# : Tobacco Board
Kharif
9
30721
23181
21426
Rabi
10
6842
6466
6426
Total
11
37564
29646
27852
-0.22
-0.17
-0.20
-2.78
-0.78
-1.79
-0.56
-0.06
-0.31
1.30
1.15
0.69
0.02
0.13
-0.10
-2.27
-0.72
-1.26
5.03
4.35
5.28
1.19
2.28
2.01
8.53
5.31
9.58
Area (in '000 hectares)

Cotton
SugarVirginia
cane
Tobacco #
Oilseeds
Pulses
Kharif
12
11372
10267
10937
Rabi
13
12370
11388
12948
Total
14
23741
21655
23926
Kharif
15
13680
15685
18231
Rabi
16
9268
8742
8549
Total
17
22948
24427
26914
18
7492
8862
10258
19
3484
4197
4492
20
111
135
249
-2.34
-0.62
-1.48
-1.02
0.63
-0.19
-0.82
1.29
0.23
-0.92
1.00
0.04
1.38
1.52
1.45
-0.58
-0.22
-0.40
0.63
0.97
0.80
1.69
1.47
1.58
1.88
0.68
1.28
1.96
6.31
4.11
-0.20
-0.28
-0.49
-1.85
-0.62
-1.10
-1.15
0.53
0.04
-0.79
2.64
0.27
-0.94
1.64
0.16
0.66
2.31
0.99
-2.22
1.78
-1.07
-0.41
2.20
0.25
2.18
2.64
1.29
1.74
1.07
1.24
-2.93
13.15
3.50
5.22
3.19
5.38
6.79
4.02
7.97
4.84
7.00
6.10
8.67
9.40
8.00
5.02
7.24
5.81
3.99
8.65
8.12
10.88
13.63
12.84
4.77
9.19
6.89
9.09
11.41
11.36
7.25
10.32
11.05
29.39
33.42
31.19
(Contd..)
P-5
All India Trends in Agricultural Production
Foodgrains
Year
1
T.E.1990-91
T.E.2000-01
T.E.2010-11
Compnd. Gr Rate
1990-91 to 2000-01
2000-01 to 2010-11
1990-91 to 2010-11
Fitted Gr Rate
1990-91 to 2000-01
2000-01 to 2010-11
1990-91 to 2010-11
CV :
1990-91 to 2000-01
2000-01 to 2010-11
1990-91 to 2010-11
Cereals
Coarse Cereals
Pulses
Production (in '000 tonnes)

Cotton Sugarcane
Total
16
17
18
17855
10003
223747
21300
11114
294668
28360
26433
306571
Oilseeds
Virginia
Tobacco #
Kharif
2
98690
103504
114411
Rabi
3
73759
99904
118040
Total
4
172449
203408
232451
Kharif
5
93176
98702
109074
Rabi
6
65616
91572
107554
Total
7
158792
190274
216628
Kharif
8
27987
24375
28582
Rabi
9
4989
6540
10508
Total
10
32977
30916
39091
Kharif
11
5515
4802
5337
Rabi
12
8143
8332
10438
Total
13
13657
13134
15823
Kharif
14
9983
13408
18128
Rabi
15
7873
7892
9772
0.48
1.01
0.74
3.08
1.68
2.38
1.66
1.34
1.50
0.58
1.00
0.79
3.39
1.62
2.50
1.83
1.31
1.57
-1.37
1.60
0.11
2.74
4.86
3.79
-0.64
2.37
0.85
-1.37
1.06
-0.16
0.23
2.28
1.25
-0.39
1.88
0.74
2.99
3.06
3.03
0.02
2.16
1.09
1.78
2.90
2.34
1.06
9.05
4.98
2.79
0.40
1.59
2.79
8.13
5.43
0.72
1.46
0.92
2.99
2.82
1.96
1.77
2.13
1.41
0.81
1.43
0.94
3.29
2.71
2.06
1.93
2.04
1.46
-0.49
1.87
0.79
2.18
6.67
2.99
0.00
2.94
1.27
-1.08
2.06
0.33
0.08
4.08
0.99
-0.37
3.45
0.78
3.18
5.57
2.71
-1.91
4.65
0.63
1.03
5.40
1.90
0.87
13.73
5.04
2.57
1.69
1.28
-2.05
13.59
4.94
3.95
9.23
8.60
10.71
10.61
13.47
6.69
9.11
10.29
4.00
9.00
8.56
11.40
10.37
13.92
7.01
8.88
10.46
10.70
14.64
13.71
10.87
24.53
24.51
8.79
14.03
13.57
9.89
19.07
15.18
11.47
15.06
12.76
8.56
14.08
11.27
15.19
23.09
23.04
11.91
19.20
15.02
10.18
20.70
18.23
12.68
41.78
43.60
9.60
13.59
13.02
31.82
33.88
38.69
19
109
143
313
# : Tobacco Board
(Contd..)
P-6
Table - 2.2 (Continued)
All India Trends in Agricultural Yield
Foodgrains
Year
1
T.E.1990-91
T.E.2000-01
T.E.2010-11
Compnd. Gr Rate
1990-91 to 2000-01
2000-01 to 2010-11
1990-91 to 2010-11
Fitted Gr Rate
1990-91 to 2000-01
2000-01 to 2010-11
1990-91 to 2010-11
CV :
1990-91 to 2000-01
2000-01 to 2010-11
1990-91 to 2010-11
Cereals
Coarse Cereals
Pulses
Yield (in Kg/hectare)

Cotton
Sugarcane
Oilseeds
Virginia
Tobacco #
Kharif
2
1212
1396
1608
Rabi
3
1603
2041
2248
Total
4
1353
1652
1880
Kharif
5
1330
1545
1811
Rabi
6
1950
2437
2724
Total
7
1531
1876
2172
Kharif
8
912
1051
1332
Rabi
9
729
1011
1634
Total
10
879
1043
1402
Kharif
11
485
468
488
Rabi
12
658
732
806
Total
13
575
606
661
Kharif
14
730
855
994
Rabi
15
849
903
1143
Total
16
778
872
1054
17
227
213
438
18
64216
70213
68254
19
980
1063
1308
1.42
1.43
1.42
2.45
0.97
1.71
2.02
1.30
1.66
1.51
1.60
1.55
2.26
1.12
1.69
2.05
1.48
1.76
1.43
2.39
1.91
3.32
4.92
4.12
1.73
3.01
2.37
-0.36
0.42
0.03
1.06
0.97
1.02
0.53
0.87
0.70
1.60
1.52
1.56
0.61
2.39
1.50
1.15
1.91
1.53
-0.62
7.47
3.34
0.90
-0.28
0.31
0.81
2.10
1.45
1.46
1.81
1.38
2.19
1.29
1.37
1.93
1.71
1.46
1.49
1.92
1.50
1.96
1.54
1.37
1.91
1.91
1.56
1.82
2.61
2.07
2.38
6.97
3.50
1.89
3.58
2.39
0.07
1.53
0.30
0.88
1.40
0.72
0.58
1.78
0.62
2.50
3.19
1.70
0.32
2.81
1.72
1.44
3.13
1.64
-1.29
10.80
3.70
0.82
0.61
0.04
0.90
0.90
1.55
5.70
8.19
9.82
7.85
5.48
9.10
6.79
6.90
9.70
5.66
8.39
10.40
7.07
6.12
9.08
6.65
7.43
10.27
9.97
13.42
16.07
10.65
24.63
26.77
9.26
14.57
17.43
8.86
12.88
10.81
5.93
6.91
6.97
6.38
7.38
6.88
13.20
18.01
17.20
9.06
10.30
13.53
7.80
14.67
14.18
10.14
33.02
33.18
3.89
4.94
4.57
6.76
6.95
11.42
# : Tobacco Board
(Contd)
P-7
All India Trends in Area, Production and Yield of Cereals

Prod (in '000 tonnes)
Rice
Year
1
T.E.1990-91
T.E.2000-01
T.E.2010-11
Compnd. Gr Rate
1990-91 to 2000-01
2000-01 to 2010-11
1990-91 to 2010-11
Fitted Gr Rate
1990-91 to 2000-01
2000-01 to 2010-11
1990-91 to 2010-11
CV :
1990-91 to 2000-01
2000-01 to 2010-11
1990-91 to 2010-11
Jowar
Area
2
42199
44892
43439
Production
3
72784
86912
94752
Yield
4
1725
1936
2181
Area
5
14598
9967
7567
Production
6
11583
8210
6982
0.62
-0.33
0.15
1.79
0.87
1.33
1.16
1.20
1.18
-3.74
-2.72
-3.23
0.66
-0.07
0.08
1.80
1.54
1.25
1.13
1.61
1.16
2.51
3.21
2.80
6.64
8.60
9.66
4.51
6.97
8.23
Bajra
Yield
7
793
824
924
Area
8
11141
9341
9090
Production
9
7108
6499
8588
-3.38
-1.61
-2.50
0.37
1.14
0.76
-1.75
-0.27
-1.01
-3.41
-3.07
-2.99
-3.40
-0.38
-2.41
0.01
2.78
0.59
12.31
10.53
19.32
19.03
5.40
21.16
12.13
11.57
11.71
Maize
Yield
10
638
696
945
Area
11
5905
6412
8330
-0.89
2.83
0.95
0.87
3.11
1.98
-1.08
-0.17
-0.53
0.90
2.53
2.06
5.37
7.72
7.03
19.64
24.26
25.45
Ragi
Production
12
8947
11567
19392
Yield
13
1515
1804
2328
Area
14
2277
1717
1312
Production
15
2505
2543
2041
Yield
16
1100
1481
1556
0.83
2.65
1.73
2.60
5.30
3.94
1.76
2.58
2.17
-2.78
-2.66
-2.72
0.15
-2.18
-1.02
3.02
0.49
1.75
2.00
2.70
2.60
1.08
2.84
2.03
3.38
5.75
4.40
2.28
2.83
2.33
-2.33
-2.98
-2.40
-0.05
-0.94
-1.43
2.34
2.10
1.00
17.32
19.30
23.16
3.86
9.40
13.24
12.23
21.05
29.59
9.00
12.84
16.48
9.46
12.64
16.16
7.58
20.21
16.19
9.68
15.63
13.33
(Contd)
P-8
All India Trends in Area, Production and Yield of Cereals

Wheat
Year
1
T.E.1990-91
T.E.2000-01
T.E.2010-11
Compnd. Gr Rate
1990-91 to 2000-01
2000-01 to 2010-11
1990-91 to 2010-11
Fitted Gr Rate
1990-91 to 2000-01
2000-01 to 2010-11
1990-91 to 2010-11
CV :
1990-91 to 2000-01
2000-01 to 2010-11
1990-91 to 2010-11
Barley
Gram
Area
2
23926
26913
28426
Production
3
53031
72446
82786
Yield
4
2216
2692
2912
Area
5
1011
765
678
Production
6
1613
1472
1569
Yield
7
1595
1924
2313
Area
8
6934
6600
8443
Production
9
4901
5258
7583
1.18
0.55
0.87
3.17
1.34
2.25
1.96
0.79
1.37
-2.75
-1.19
-1.98
-0.91
0.64
-0.14
1.89
1.86
1.87
-0.49
2.49
0.99
0.71
3.73
2.21
1.32
1.26
0.79
3.10
2.21
1.83
1.75
0.94
1.03
-2.34
-0.74
-2.08
-0.84
0.94
-0.78
1.54
1.69
1.33
-0.37
4.62
0.94
5.20
4.53
5.70
10.84
8.66
12.37
6.49
4.54
7.23
9.60
7.79
15.15
8.42
12.09
11.67
6.90
8.46
9.98
14.25
15.55
13.82
Lentil
Yield
10
707
797
898
Area
11
1127
1443
1451
Production
12
764
977
976
Yield
13
678
677
673
1.20
1.21
1.21
2.50
0.06
1.27
2.50
-0.01
1.23
0.00
-0.07
-0.04
0.72
6.30
1.80
1.09
1.60
0.85
2.47
-0.03
1.16
2.21
0.06
1.09
-0.25
0.10
-0.07
17.84
21.90
19.71
7.45
7.73
8.18
9.15
4.46
8.89
12.74
7.05
11.36
7.47
6.22
6.72
(Contd)
P-9
All India Trends in Area, Production and Yield of Oilseeds

Groundnut
Year
1
Area
2
Production
3
T.E.1990-91
T.E.2000-01
T.E.2010-11
8516
6941
5833
8425
6883
6954
-2.02
-1.72
-1.87
Compnd. Gr Rate
1990-91 to 2000-01
2000-01 to 2010-11
1990-91 to 2010-11
Fitted Gr Rate
1990-91 to 2000-01
2000-01 to 2010-11
1990-91 to 2010-11
CV :
1990-91 to 2000-01
2000-01 to 2010-11
1990-91 to 2010-11
Soyabean
Yield
4
Area
5
Production
6
989
992
1192
2184
6378
9616
1985
6500
10869
-2.00
0.10
-0.95
0.02
1.86
0.94
11.31
4.19
7.69
-2.48
-0.94
-2.05
-1.72
1.66
-0.84
0.79
2.63
1.24
8.68
6.67
14.04
14.10
22.67
18.94
13.17
21.15
19.01
Sunflower
Yield
7
Area
8
Production
9
909
1019
1130
1310
1396
1406
12.59
5.28
8.87
1.15
1.04
1.10
9.26
5.38
5.76
10.40
9.17
6.80
27.68
17.84
32.72
33.70
30.15
41.52
Nigerseed
Yield
10
Area
11
Production
12
625
761
887
477
546
631
612
488
380
184
134
108
0.64
0.08
0.36
1.99
1.54
1.76
1.35
1.46
1.40
-2.24
-2.48
-2.36
1.04
3.60
0.98
-4.76
0.35
-1.39
-4.59
2.51
-0.66
0.18
2.15
0.74
11.96
16.65
14.11
23.24
28.23
24.01
23.40
29.89
24.98
8.25
13.68
11.92
Sesamum
Yield
13
Area
14
Production
15
Yield
16
300
274
285
2450
1630
1945
754
508
707
308
312
364
-3.10
-2.12
-2.61
-0.89
0.37
-0.26
-3.99
1.78
-1.15
-3.87
3.36
-0.32
0.13
1.55
0.84
-2.88
-1.80
-2.70
-4.04
-0.26
-3.34
-1.19
1.57
-0.65
-4.78
2.08
-1.15
-4.38
2.77
0.28
0.43
0.67
1.45
10.26
8.14
17.70
16.24
10.16
24.78
8.37
8.73
9.81
18.11
9.22
15.89
18.38
18.94
18.49
9.98
14.75
15.95
(Contd)
P - 10
All India Trends in Area, Production and Yield of Oilseeds

Tur
Year
1
T.E.1990-91
T.E.2000-01
T.E.2010-11
Compnd. Gr Rate
1990-91 to 2000-01
2000-01 to 2010-11
1990-91 to 2010-11
Fitted Gr Rate
1990-91 to 2000-01
2000-01 to 2010-11
1990-91 to 2010-11
CV :
1990-91 to 2000-01
2000-01 to 2010-11
1990-91 to 2010-11
Area
2
Production
3
3561
3500
3737
2627
2550
2530
-0.17
0.66
0.24
Moong
Yield
4
Area
5
Production
6
738
728
677
3332
2890
3127
1374
1087
1167
-0.30
-0.08
-0.19
-0.13
-0.73
-0.43
-1.42
0.79
-0.32
-0.30
1.12
0.28
0.44
2.00
0.60
0.74
0.87
0.32
3.07
7.97
6.22
11.92
11.90
11.90
11.96
8.63
10.14
Urad
Yield
7
Area
8
Production
9
412
376
373
3407
2956
2940
1623
1326
1372
-2.31
0.71
-0.81
-0.91
-0.08
-0.50
-1.41
-0.05
-0.73
-1.39
0.53
0.35
-2.77
1.11
-0.50
-1.79
0.58
-0.83
8.27
8.66
9.12
13.54
30.17
23.02
11.31
23.16
18.05
Rapeseed/Mustard
Yield
10
Area
11
Production
12
476
449
467
5194
5672
6262
4577
5213
7329
-2.00
0.35
-0.84
-0.60
0.40
-0.10
0.89
0.99
0.94
-1.23
-1.04
-0.13
-1.84
0.00
-0.21
-0.62
1.06
-0.08
7.20
8.23
7.86
9.91
12.67
11.27
6.07
8.48
7.35
Safflower
Yield
13
Area
14
Production
15
Yield
16
881
919
1170
827
435
275
417
235
173
504
541
627
1.31
3.47
2.38
0.42
2.45
1.43
-6.23
-4.46
-5.35
-5.58
-3.02
-4.31
0.69
1.50
1.10
-1.05
3.32
-0.01
-0.70
5.68
1.70
0.35
2.28
1.71
-5.29
-4.63
-5.51
-4.61
-1.03
-3.95
0.71
3.78
1.65
10.69
17.36
12.96
12.73
23.51
20.13
10.84
10.16
14.20
24.56
16.25
38.68
38.69
16.87
43.41
26.45
16.83
22.23
P - 11
Wheat : Area, Production and Yield
State
1
Bihar
Area
Production
Yield
Jharkhand
Area
Production
Yield
Gujarat
Area
Production
Yield
Haryana
Area
Production
Yield
Himachal Pradesh
Area
Production
Yield
Jammu & Kashmir
Area
Production
Yield
Karnataka
Area
Production
Yield
Madhya Pradesh
Area
Production
Yield
Chhattisgarh
Area
Production
Yield
Maharashtra
Area
Production
Yield
Punjab
Area
Production
Yield
Rajasthan
Area
Production
Yield
Uttar Pradesh
Area
Production
Yield
Uttarakhand
Area
Production
Yield
West Bengal
Area
Production
Yield
All India
Area
Production
Yield
Area : '000 ha
Prod : '000 tonnes
Yield: Kg/ha
2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12*
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
2126
4391
2065
2131
4041
1896
2077
3689
1776
2028
3263
1609
2004
3239
1617
2050
3911
1908
2163
4450
2058
2158
4410
2043
2193
4571
2084
2104
4098
1948
2170
4787
2206
65
115
1765
64
104
1625
75
118
1573
63
150
2381
58
78
1340
84
129
1529
86
140
1621
100
154
1541
100
173
1737
96
158
1643
179
335
1876
470
1145
2435
436
857
1966
760
2037
2681
727
1806
2482
916
2473
2700
1201
3000
2498
1274
3838
3013
1091
2593
2377
878
2352
2679
1274
4020
3155
1351
4100
3035
2300
9437
4103
2267
9188
4053
2315
9114
3937
2322
9058
3901
2304
8857
3844
2376
10055
4232
2462
10236
4158
2462
10808
4390
2492
10500
4213
2515
11630
4624
2522
12684
5030
367
637
1738
359
496
1379
361
498
1380
362
684
1890
359
679
1894
362
502
1385
367
504
1376
360
547
1520
353
327
928
357
547
1530
357
596
1671
259
343
1325
244
402
1646
255
459
1804
248
474
1910
248
444
1790
260
492
1893
278
496
1782
279
484
1735
289
290
1003
291
446
1535
289
406
1404
261
199
763
247
148
598
232
96
415
242
179
740
253
217
858
269
205
762
276
261
946
269
247
918
283
251
887
255
279
1094
230
194
843
3704
6001
1620
3382
4923
1456
4091
7365
1800
4136
7177
1735
3693
5958
1613
3993
7326
1835
3742
6033
1612
3785
6522
1723
4276
8410
1967
4341
7627
1757
4889
10580
2164
98
104
1057
93
99
1063
106
109
1024
97
82
853
102
91
886
92
92
1002
93
99
1059
89
93
1040
112
122
1086
111
127
1144
109
129
1186
776
1077
1388
760
984
1295
665
778
1170
756
1016
1344
933
1300
1393
1231
1631
1325
1253
2079
1659
1022
1516
1483
1081
1740
1610
1307
2301
1761
843
1313
1558
3420
15499
4532
3375
14175
4200
3444
14489
4207
3482
14698
4221
3468
14493
4179
3469
14596
4208
3488
15720
4507
3526
15733
4462
3522
15169
4307
3510
16472
4693
3513
17207
4898
2288
6389
2793
1801
4878
2709
2103
5876
2794
2010
5707
2839
2124
5865
2762
2565
7056
2751
2592
7125
2749
2295
7287
3175
2394
7501
3133
2479
7215
2910
2935
9320
3175
9256
25498
2755
9094
23612
2596
9150
25567
2794
9000
22514
2502
9164
24074
2627
9198
25031
2721
9115
25679
2817
9513
28554
3002
9668
27518
2846
9637
30001
3113
9731
30293
3113
380
735
1933
411
750
1825
397
745
1877
394
803
2038
395
645
1633
391
801
2049
397
814
2050
398
797
2003
395
845
2139
379
878
2315
369
874
2369
434
962
2215
405
887
2189
426
986
2315
400
842
2103
367
774
2109
351
800
2282
353
917
2602
307
765
2490
316
847
2680
317
874
2760
316
884
2800
26345
72766
2762
25196
65761
2610
26595
72156
2713
26383
68637
2602
26484
69355
2619
27995
75807
2708
28039
78570
2802
27752
80679
2907
28457
80804
2839
29069
86874
2989
29902
93904
3140
* :Fourth Advance Estimates

Source : Directotrate of Economics & Statistics
P - 12
Table - 2.4
Barley : Area, Production and Yield
State
1
Bihar
Area
Production
Yield
Jharkhand
Area
Production
Yield
Haryana
Area
Production
Yield
Himachal Pradesh
Area
Production
Yield
Madhya Pradesh
Area
Production
Yield
Chhattisgarh
Area
Production
Yield
Punjab
Area
Production
Yield
Rajasthan
Area
Production
Yield
Uttar Pradesh
Area
Production
Yield
Uttarakhand
Area
Production
Yield
West Bengal
Area
Production
Yield
All India
Area
Production
Yield
Area : '000 ha
Prod : '000 tonnes
Yield: Kg/ha
2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12*
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
22
27
1236
20
23
1153
21
24
1121
17
18
1058
16
19
1153
19
20
1064
15
18
1212
15
16
1089
12
13
1122
20
25
1261
14
20
1435
12
11
885
14
13
929
13
12
923
13
12
907
13
12
923
10
10
1000
10
9
900
9
9
924
30
86
2867
30
81
2700
27
73
2704
25
67
2680
27
76
2815
38
115
3026
40
120
3000
53
185
3491
42
137
3262
37
129
3486
42
153
3643
25
35
1388
24
31
1297
24
31
1292
24
42
1750
25
18
730
24
24
1008
24
25
1081
23
29
1270
21
16
764
22
28
1242
22
30
1377
84
108
1286
81
102
1256
84
123
1460
83
104
1251
78
100
1288
59
70
1175
48
56
1163
81
102
1259
85
110
1297
79
103
1310
81
138
1707
4
4
833
4
3
775
4
4
977
4
3
842
4
3
842
4
3
833
3
4
1152
3
3
912
3
2
774
3
2
533
3
2
750
23
78
3391
26
85
3269
23
77
3348
22
74
3364
19
63
3316
19
64
3368
16
57
3563
16
55
3438
14
47
3357
12
44
3667
12
45
3750
174
447
2571
192
447
2330
182
409
2249
176
418
2380
202
492
2441
232
592
2547
249
539
2163
287
878
3061
223
620
2774
328
955
2911
278
789
2839
254
592
2331
254
564
2225
221
485
2198
205
412
2004
215
413
1925
193
386
2000
155
328
2111
172
376
2186
171
362
2117
162
334
2059
158
390
2468
23
25
1100
29
36
1241
32
34
1063
24
33
1375
25
18
720
26
30
1154
24
26
1083
28
22
786
24
26
1083
24
30
1249
23
28
1217
3
3
1077
3
2
920
3
4
1323
2
4
1667
2
3
1250
3
3
929
2
3
1286
3
4
1500
2
2
1412
2
3
1400
2
3
1400
660
1425
2160
702
1407
2006
657
1298
1975
617
1207
1958
630
1221
1938
646
1328
2055
603
1196
1985
706
1689
2394
624
1355
2172
705
1663
2357
650
1608
2475

P - 13
Table - 2.5
Gram : Area, Production and Yield
State
1
Andhra Pradesh
Area
Production
Yield
Bihar
Area
Production
Yield
Jharkhand
Area
Production
Yield
Gujarat
Area
Production
Yield
Haryana
Area
Production
Yield
Karnataka
Area
Production
Yield
Madhya Pradesh
Area
Production
Yield
Chhattisgarh
Area
Production
Yield
Maharashtra
Area
Production
Yield
Odisha
Area
Production
Yield
Punjab
Area
Production
Yield
Rajasthan
Area
Production
Yield
Uttar Pradesh
Area
Production
Yield
Uttarakhand
Area
Production
Yield
West Bengal
Area
Production
Yield
All-India
Area
Production
Yield
Area : '000 ha
Prod : '000 tonnes
Yield: Kg/ha
2008-09 2009-10 2010-11
9
10
11
2001-02
2
2002-03
3
2003-04
4
2004-05
5
2005-06
6
2006-07
7
2007-08
8
2011-12*
12
285
363
1274
390
382
979
422
457
1083
341
345
1012
394
627
1591
602
653
1085
630
912
1448
607
857
1412
647
846
1308
584
720
1233
565
520
920
68
65
957
71
72
1010
80
79
979
72
60
835
62
56
902
57
46
818
69
67
972
61
57
925
58
58
1014
51
60
1187
56
63
1134
30
25
811
77
71
923
75
69
925
90
80
897
63
58
914
70
74
1052
149
155
1036
49
27
554
58
29
503
150
132
884
123
99
803
167
142
850
246
214
870
215
210
977
175
177
1011
132
125
947
176
200
1136
240
273
1138
143
122
853
55
41
745
123
100
813
107
91
850
130
72
554
108
91
843
107
54
505
129
135
1047
84
62
738
112
110
982
79
72
911
480
282
587
480
252
525
510
171
336
418
224
536
418
229
548
651
308
473
605
367
607
724
395
546
972
574
591
959
631
658
799
378
473
2554
2408
943
2471
1713
694
2791
2585
926
2747
2549
928
2561
2371
926
2463
2413
980
2439
1735
711
2841
2786
981
3086
3304
1071
3112
2687
863
3044
3290
1081
170
125
735
176
113
644
205
197
964
211
114
542
232
163
706
214
180
843
236
206
874
240
199
831
252
222
880
252
242
959
242
240
995
756
450
595
796
449
564
795
421
530
830
466
561
1020
705
691
1308
924
706
1353
1116
825
1149
824
717
1291
1114
863
1438
1300
904
1051
815
775
30
19
651
21
13
619
29
18
619
33
20
607
35
23
646
37
24
652
41
26
634
38
25
662
45
34
748
42
33
780
39
27
695
7
6
873
7
7
957
6
5
900
5
4
863
4
3
750
4
4
1000
3
3
1000
2
2
1000
3
3
1133
2
3
1286
2
3
1300
970
736
759
450
341
757
1118
707
633
1035
773
747
1082
479
443
1011
873
863
1231
574
466
1259
877
696
884
535
604
1783
1601
898
1434
991
691
841
817
971
873
779
893
761
787
1035
739
672
910
740
661
893
675
501
742
505
376
745
554
562
1014
618
509
824
570
530
930
577
720
1248
1
1
833
1
1
1000
1
1
1000
3
2
667
1
1
1000
1
1
1000
1
1
1000
1
0
1000
1
1
1000
1
0
800
1
1
1000
51
43
850
48
37
781
47
48
1026
38
39
1024
40
37
913
31
24
769
25
25
984
22
22
1000
22
24
1110
22
24
1070
23
26
1117
6416
5473
853
5906
4237
717
7048
5718
811
6715
6896
7494
7544
5469
5575
6334
5749
815
808
845
762
7973
7053
885
8169
7476
915
9186
8221
895
8317
7585
912
P - 14
Table - 2.6
Lentil (Masur) : Area, Production and Yield
State
1
Assam
Area
Production
Yield
Bihar
Area
Production
Yield
Jharkhand
Area
Production
Yield
Haryana
Area
Production
Yield
Madhya Pradesh
Area
Production
Yield
Chhattisgarh
Area
Production
Yield
Maharashtra
Area
Production
Yield
Punjab
Area
Production
Yield
Rajasthan
Area
Production
Yield
Uttar Pradesh
Area
Production
Yield
Uttarakhand
Area
Production
Yield
West Bengal
Area
Production
Yield
All India
Area
Production
Yield
2001-02
2
2002-03
3
2003-04
4
2004-05
5
2005-06
6
2006-07
7
Area : '000 ha
Prod : '000 tonnes
Yield: Kg/ha
2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11
8
9
10
11
21
11
526
20
11
550
22
12
545
21
12
561
19
10
532
20
11
550
22
12
545
22
11
512
21
11
505
24
12
494
173
138
798
180
157
872
171
160
935
179
127
711
163
115
705
167
117
705
163
129
793
164
129
785
171
151
880
239
215
900
6
4
641
6
4
603
22
14
642
23
16
715
17
11
671
20
15
764
23
17
744
20
16
810
23
13
559
21
17
823
9
8
876
5
5
944
6
5
810
9
8
953
5
4
796
4
4
1000
4
3
780
4
3
744
5
4
800
3
3
788
500
240
481
467
181
388
479
240
502
498
248
498
564
288
510
522
259
497
468
206
440
531
268
505
541
284
525
591
178
301
16
5
327
15
5
307
18
6
344
17
4
256
19
6
324
17
5
327
17
6
335
16
5
327
16
5
306
14
4
302
8
4
500
6
2
333
8
3
375
6
1
200
9
4
414
9
4
411
10
5
500
8
3
375
9
3
364
4
2
500
4
3
698
4
3
675
4
2
639
3
2
485
2
1
500
2
1
381
1
1
500
1
1
636
1
1
636
1
1
636
17
15
906
6
6
966
26
29
1103
29
29
993
19
17
908
14
13
921
15
11
709
21
18
869
27
24
896
44
38
871
625
500
800
584
450
771
557
505
907
613
501
818
608
435
715
616
434
705
507
368
726
521
460
883
592
476
803
586
411
701
15
8
523
15
7
497
14
8
556
14
8
556
21
9
449
14
6
429
16
9
571
17
6
353
19
12
632
12
9
738
71
38
525
69
43
629
69
53
767
63
38
604
62
47
764
64
43
665
59
45
763
50
32
652
52
47
911
57
53
930
1466
974
664
1377
873
634
1396
1038
743
1473
994
675
1506
946
628
1469
913
621
1306
812
622
1376
953
693
1480
1032
697
1597
944
591

P - 15
Table - 2.7
Rapeseed & Mustard : Area, Production and Yield
State
1
Assam
Area
Production
Yield
Bihar
Area
Production
Yield
Jharkhand
Area
Production
Yield
Gujarat
Area
Production
Yield
Haryana
Area
Production
Yield
Punjab
Area
Production
Yield
Madhya Pradesh
Area
Production
Yield
Chhatisgarh
Area
Production
Yield
Odisha
Area
Production
Yield
Rajasthan
Area
Production
Yield
Uttar Pradesh
Area
Production
Yield
Uttarakhand
Area
Production
Yield
West Bengal
Area
Production
Yield
All-India
Area
Production
Yield
Area : '000 ha
Prod : '000 tonnes
Yield: Kg/ha
2008-09 2009-10 2010-11
9
10
11
2001-02
2
2002-03
3
2003-04
4
2004-05
5
2005-06
6
2006-07
7
2007-08
8
2011-12*
12
272
137
504
261
130
498
264
138
523
245
129
528
213
97
456
238
116
487
235
123
523
226
123
543
245
129
525
239
139
581
240
134
558
93
78
839
90
62
688
84
69
824
83
67
805
82
76
926
87
89
1029
86
82
947
85
82
959
89
89
1008
87
90
1028
90
104
1151
67
33
496
60
37
619
67
36
541
96
56
578
111
72
653
198
126
635
247
292
1182
161
172
1072
269
396
1469
291
405
1390
338
456
1349
361
504
1396
337
551
1635
294
334
1136
216
341
1579
223
349
1565
208
328
1577
535
796
1488
607
697
1148
619
965
1559
702
826
1177
709
792
1117
597
802
1343
499
598
1198
515
895
1738
513
849
1655
504
942
1869
535
861
1609
50
60
1200
66
60
909
52
62
1192
60
62
1033
49
54
1102
41
46
1122
28
33
1179
27
33
1222
30
39
1300
31
41
1323
30
40
1333
506
459
908
370
240
649
537
580
1081
682
674
988
809
848
1047
694
693
999
579
537
927
713
737
1034
791
849
1074
745
855
1148
785
870
1108
50
19
372
48
16
328
55
23
412
57
21
375
57
19
330
59
24
399
53
21
402
52
20
379
60
25
419
52
21
407
50
22
436
14
2
155
12
2
131
16
3
195
16
3
188
17
3
190
15
3
171
16
3
201
14
3
182
13
3
211
16
3
210
10
2
212
1841
1943
1056
1518
1318
868
2142
2740
1279
3682
3971
1078
3665
4417
1205
3212
3806
1185
2496
2362
946
2838
3503
1234
2310
2948
1276
3679
4370
1188
2502
2971
1187
847
845
998
848
759
895
781
787
1008
819
801
979
790
908
1149
827
874
1057
862
997
1157
884
992
1123
613
682
1113
604
717
1187
639
719
1125
13
8
598
13
8
615
13
11
846
17
11
647
18
12
667
16
9
563
14
9
643
14
10
714
15
12
800
14
11
814
15
12
800
440
337
766
408
329
805
452
419
928
457
427
934
422
383
909
422
339
803
408
362
888
413
315
764
410
443
1080
411
420
1021
419
440
1049
5073
5083
1002
4544
3880
854
5428
6291
1159
6298
7201
1143
5588
6608
1183
6901
8179
1185
5915
6776
1145
7316
7277
6790
5826
7593
8131
7438
5834
1038
1117
1095
1001
P - 16
Table - 2.8
Safflower : Area Production and Yield
State
2001-02
1
2
Andhra Pradesh
Area
20
Production
6
Yield
300
Area : '000 hectares

Production : '000 tonnes
Yield : Kg per hectare
2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12*
9
10
11
12
2002-03
3
2003-04
4
2004-05
5
2005-06
6
2006-07
7
2007-08
8
19
7
337
17
5
294
19
8
421
17
8
471
14
9
643
16
12
750
13
6
462
14
6
429
13
9
692
10
6
600
Karnataka
Area
Production
Yield
92
73
791
85
55
650
99
42
422
94
44
468
81
60
741
81
61
753
73
58
795
73
58
795
68
50
735
55
46
836
46
25
543
Maharashtra
Area
Production
Yield
287
139
484
263
116
441
245
87
355
252
120
476
263
159
605
279
169
606
186
105
565
186
105
565
188
109
580
173
94
543
123
67
545
All-India
Area
Production
Yield
404
221
546
370
179
483
364
135
371
295
189
642
288
179
621
244
150
617
242
120
498
369
365
377
295
174
229
240
189
470
627
637
642
P - 17
Table 2.9
Minimum Support/Procurement Prices Recommended by CACP and Fixed by Government

(Marketing Season)
Commodity
OTHER CROPS RABI CROPS
KHARIF
CROPS
Reco
Paddy Common
Paddy (F)
Paddy(SF)
Coarse Cereal
Jowar-Hybrid
Jowar-Maldandi
Bajra
Ragi
Maize
Tur (Arhar)
Moong
Urad
Groundnut
Sunflower Seed
Soyabean
Black
Yellow
Sesamum
Nigerseed
Cotton
F414/H777/J 34 (Raj.)
H-4 /S-6
VFC - Tobacco (Rs. Per Kg)
F2
L2
Wheat
Barley
Gram
Lentil (Masur)
Rapeseed/ mustard
Safflower
Toria
Jute (TD5)*
Sugarcane
Revised
Copra@
Milling
Ball
2001-2002
Revised Fixed
2002-2003
Reco
Fixed
2003-2004
Reco
Fixed
2004-2005
Reco
Fixed
2005-2006
Reco
Fixed
520
550
530
560
530
560
530
560
550
580
550
580
560
590
560
590
560
600
570
600
485
485
485
485
505
505
515
515
525
525
2006-2007
Reco
Fixed
2007-2008
Reco
Fixed
2008-2009
Reco
Fixed
2009-2010
Reco
Fixed
(Rs per quintal)

2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
Reco
Fixed Reco
Fixed Reco Fixed
570
600
580
610
645
675
645(p+)
675(p+)
1000
1050
850(v)
880(v)
950
980
1000
1030
1000
1030
1000
1030
1080
1110
1080
1110
1250
1250
1280
540
555
540
540
540
1410
1520
1520
1520
1500
600
620
600
600
620
1550
1700
1700
1550
1510
600
620
600
600
620
1550 (b+)
1700(b+)
1700(b+)
1550
1510
840
860
840
915
840
2000
2520
2520
2100
2215
840
860
840
915
840
2000
2520
2520
2100
2215
840
860
840
915
840
2300
2760
2520
2100
2215
840
860
840
915
840
2300
2760
2520
2100
2215
880
900
880
965
880
2800
3170
2900
2300
2350
880
900
880
965
880
3000
3170
2900
2300
2350
980
1000
980
1050
980
3100
3400
3300
2700
2800
980
1000
980
1050
980
3200
3500
3300
2700
2800
1500
1175
1500
1175
1500
1520
1175
1500
1175
4300
3700
3700
4300
3700
3700
485
1320
1320
1320
1340
1185
485
1320
1320
1320
1340
1185
485
1320
1330
1330
1355
1195
485
1320
1330
1330
1355
1195
505
1360
1370
1370
1400
1250
505
1360
1370
1370
1400
1250
525
1390
1410
1410
1500
1340
525
1390
1410
1410
1500
1340
540
1400
1520
1520
1520
1500
540
1400
1520
1520
1520
1500
540
555
540
540
540
1410
1520
1520
1520
1500
795
885
1400
1100
795
885
1400
1100
795
885
1450
1120
795
885
1450
1120
840
930
1485
1155
840
930
1485
1155
900
1000
1500
1180
900
1000
1500
1180
900
1010
1550
1200
900
1010
1550
1200
900
1020
1560
1220
900
1020
1560
1220
910
1050
1580
1240
910
1050
1580
1240
1350
1390
2750
2405
1350
1390
2750
2405
1350
1390
2850
2405
1350
1390
2850
2405
1400
1440
2900
2450
1400
1440
2900
2450
1650
1690
3400
2900
1650
1690
3400
2900
2200
2200
4200
3500
4200
3500
1675
1875
1675
1875
1675
1875
1675
1875
1725
1925
1725
1925
1760
1960
1760
1960
1760
1980
1760
1980
1770
1990
1770^
1990^^
1800
2030
1800
2030
2500
3000
2500 a
3000 aa
2500
3000
2500
3000
2500
3000
2500
3000
2800
3300
2800
3300
3600
3900
3600
3900
27.00
29.00
580
450
1050
1200
1120
1120
810
62.05
27.00
29.00
610
500
1100
1200
1200
1200
1165
810
62.05
28.00
30.00
610
500
1200
1300
1300
1300
850
64.50
69.50
28.00
30.00
620
500
1200
1300
1300
1300
1265
850
64.50
69.50
31.00
33.00
620
500
1220
1320
1330
1300
860
65.50
73.00
31.00
33.00
620
500
1220
1320
1330
1300
1295
860
73.00
34.00
36.00
630
525
1400
1500
1600
1500
890
74.50
32.00
34.00
630
525
1400
1500
1600
1500
1565
890
74.50
34.00
36.00
640
540
1425
1525
1700
1550
910
79.50
32.00
34.00
640
540
1425
1525
1700
1550
1665
910
79.50
34.00
36.00
650
550
1435
1535
1715
1565
1000
80.25
32.00
34.00
650 &
550
1435
1535
1715
1565
1680
1000
80.25
34.00
36.00
700
565
1445
1545
1600
1565
1055
81.18
32.00
34.00
750(a+ )
565
1445
1545
1715
1565
1680
1055
81.18
1000
650
1600
1700
1800
1650
1000
650
1600
1700
1800
1650
1080
680
1730
1870
1830
1650
1100
750
1760
1870
1830
1680
1100
750
1760
1870
1830
1680
1120 1120&*& 1285

780
780
980
2100
2100
2800
2250
2250
2800
1850
1850
2500
1800
1800
2500
1285
980
2800
2800
2500
2500
1250
81.18
1250
81.18
1080
680
1730
1870
1830
1650
1375
125
129.84
3300
3550
3300
3550
3300
3550
3320
3570
3320
3570
3500
3750
3500
3750
3570
3820
3570
3820
3590
3840
3590
3840
3620
3870
3620
3870
3660
3910
3660
3910
3250
3500
460
1060
1135
1125
Rs. 5/- additional for drought relief

: An additional incentive bonus of Rs. 40/- per quintal is payable on Procurement between 1.10.2006 to 31.3.2007.This will be
Subject to the condition that state Government fully exempt this bounus amount from all state taxes and levies.
^ : refer to the vareity F414/H777 as Medium Staple Length from 2006-07 on ward
^^ : refer to the vareity H 4 as Long Staple Length from 2006-07 on ward
& : Additional bonus of Rs. 50.00 per quintal for wheat for 2006 -07 marketing season.
(p+) : Additional incentive bonus of Rs. 100.00 per quintal for paddy for 2007-08 entire Kharif marketing season (Rs. 50/- Notification
(b+) : An additional incentive bonus of Rs. 40/- per quintal be given over and above the MSP for 2007-08 season.
(a+) : An additional incentive bonus of Rs. 100/- per quintal is payable on Procurement during rabi marketing season 2007-08.This will be
Subject to the condition that state Government fully exempt this bounus amount from all state taxes and levies.
4450
4700
1375
1575
1575
1675
1675
107.76 139.12 139.12 145.00 145.00
129.84
4450
4700
4450
4700
4450
4700
4525
4775
(v) : bonus of Rs. 50/qtl is payable over the MSP

a : Staple length(mm) of 24.5-25.5 and micronaire value of 4.3-5.1
aa : Staple length(mm) of 29.5-30.5 and micronaire value of 3.5-4.3.1
: 50 Rs. Incentive Bonus for paddy precurement during2009-10
: The nomenclature SMP has been changed to Fair & Remunerative Price (F & RP) since 2009-10,
based on 9.5 percent recovery ratio.
&*& : 50/- Rs. Incentive Bonus for wheat precurement during 2011-12
4525
4775
2200
2200
5100
5350
5100
5350
P - 18
Table - 2.10
Commercial Purchases of Gram, Lentil (Masoor), Rapeseed/Mustard and Safflower by NAFED
Year
1997-98
1998-99
1999-00
2000-01
2001-02
2002-03
2003-04
2004-05
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
upto 16.5.2012
GRAM
Avg. unit
value
Quantity
8849
1358
17809
934
27611
1127
18151
1413
15012
1675
27142
1569
21686
1621
1455
1651
2032
1586
9394
1998
27096
2334
21684
2388
18952
2014
15384
2191
8088
2198
1058
3407
LENTIL/MASOOR
Quantity
5288
5794
2421
3068
2648
4898
4688
2412
3066
816
701
3300
204
0
Avg. unit value

1634
1572
1468
1721
1745
1707
1681
1837
2432
3248
3609
3420
2786
0
Quantity : Metric tonne

Value : Rs/Quintal
RAPESEED/MUSTARD
SAFFLOWER
Avg. unit
value
Quantity Avg. unit value Quantity
18364
1164
270
1061
6904
1490
15
1393
27959
1318
258
1536
8161
1179
28932
2078
53609
1742
448
1603
49331
1920
37800
2340
12378
2291
30885
2107
356
1347
11765
2318
70.2
2197
3650
3734
0
0
Purchases Under Price Support Scheme of Gram, Lentil (Masoor), Rapeseed/Mustard and Safflower by NAFED
Year
1997-98
1998-99
1999-00
2000-01
2001-02
2002-03
2003-04
2004-05
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
upto 16.5.2012
Gram
Avg. unit
value
Quantity
322
895
282540
1560
107797
1618
6344
2285
-
Rapeseed/Mustard
Quantity
245001
329895
467809
18577
2093298
2203807
22091
-
Avg. unit value

1210
1320
1430
1600
1885
1700
1715
-
Quantity : Metric tonne

Value : Rs/Quintal
Safflower
Lentil(Masur)
Sunflower
Avg. unit
Avg. unit
value
value
Quantity Avg. unit value Quantity
Quantity
6610
1210
3202
1320
2029
1430
71
1500
31805
1714
5454
1727
50779
1720
5085
1650
121
1726
-
P - 19
Table - 2.11
Buffer Stocks of Cereals with the Central Pool

( As on the 1st of the Month)
Year
April
1
RICE
July
October
2
3
January
4
April
5
WHEAT
July
October
6
7
January
8
April
9
(Million Tonnes)
TOTAL
July
October
January
10
11
12
Stipulated
10.80
9.20
6.00
7.70
3.70
13.10
10.60
7.70
14.50
22.30
16.60
15.40
Actual
1992-93
8.86
7.37
5.07
8.52
2.21
6.48
4.37
3.28
11.07
13.85
9.44
11.80
1993-94
9.93
9.27
7.22
11.17
2.74
14.89
13.67
10.82
12.67
24.16
20.89
21.99
1994-95
13.55
13.26
10.87
17.42
7.00
17.49
15.58
12.88
20.55
30.75
26.45
30.30
1995-96
18.08
16.44
13.00
15.41
8.72
19.22
16.95
13.15
26.80
35.66
29.95
28.56
1996-97
13.06
12.88
9.34
12.94
7.76
14.13
10.54
7.08
20.82
27.01
19.88
20.02
1997-98
13.17
10.95
7.04
11.49
3.24
11.42
8.30
6.76
16.41
22.37
15.34
18.25
1998-99
13.05
12.04
8.96
5.08
16.48
15.24
18.13
28.52
24.20
Stipulated*
11.80
10.00
6.50
4.00
14.30
11.60
15.80
24.30
18.10
Actual
1998-99
8.40
11.68
8.40
12.70
16.80
24.38
1999-2000
12.16
10.56
7.74
14.72
9.66
22.46
20.31
17.17
21.82
33.02
28.06
31.89
2000-2001
15.72
14.49
13.21
20.70
13.19
27.76
26.85
25.04
28.91
42.25
40.06
45.74
2001-2002
23.19
22.75
21.45
25.62
21.50
38.92
36.83
32.42
44.70
61.67
58.28
58.03
2002-2003
24.91
21.94
15.77
19.37
26.04
41.07
35.64
28.83
50.95
63.01
51.41
48.20
2003-2004
17.16
10.97
5.24
11.73
15.65
24.19
18.43
12.69
32.80
35.17
23.67
24.41
2004-2005
13.07
10.76
6.09
12.76
6.93
19.15
14.22
8.93
20.00
29.92
20.32
21.69
Stipulated**
12.20
9.80
5.20
11.80
4.00
17.10
11.00
8.20
16.20
26.90
16.20
20.00
Actual
2005-2006
13.34
10.07
4.85
12.64
4.07
14.45
10.29
6.19
17.41
24.53
15.14
18.83
2006-2007
13.68
11.14
5.97
11.98
2.01
8.21
6.41
5.43
15.68
19.35
12.38
17.41
2007-2008
13.17
10.98
5.49
11.48
4.70
12.93
10.12
7.71
17.87
23.90
15.61
19.19
Stipulated$
14.20
11.80
7.20
13.80
7.00
20.10
14.00
11.20
21.20
31.90
21.20
25.00
Actual
2008-2009
13.84
11.25
7.86
17.58
5.80
24.91
22.03
18.21
19.64
36.16
29.89
35.79
2009-2010
21.60
19.62
15.35
24.35
13.43
32.92
28.46
23.09
35.03
52.54
43.81
47.45
2010-2011
26.71
24.27
18.44
25.58
16.13
33.58
27.78
21.54
42.84
57.85
46.22
47.12
2011-2012
28.82
26.86
20.36
29.72
15.36
37.15
31.43
25.68
44.18
64.01
51.79
55.39
2012-2013
33.35
19.95
53.30
* : The Minimum Stock to be maintained under the

Buffer Stocking System with effect from 30 .10.1998
** : The Minimum Stock to be maintained under the
New Buffer Stocking System with effect from 29.03.2005
$ : Buffer Stock of Rice includes Food Security Reserve of 20 lakh tonnes from 1.1.2009 onwards and
Buffer Stock of Wheat includes Food Security Reserve of 30 lakh tonnes from 1.7.2008 onwards.
Source : Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution
P - 20
Table - 2.12
SCHEME-WISE OFFTAKE OF FOODGRAINS FROM CENTRAL POOL

(April - March)
A.
B.
SCHEME
TPDS
BPL
APL/ADDITIONAL
ANTYODAYA
Total
SPECIAL ADHOC
150/174 Districts
Sub Total (A)
WELFARE SCHEMES
SGRY
SGRY(SPL.COMP.)
MID-DAY-MEAL
WBNP
NFFWP
EFP
WFP
HOSTEL SC/ST/OBC/GB/ANGANWADI (&)(^)
ANNAPURNA
NPAG(*)
VGBS($)
RELIEF
EARTHQUAKE
JAWAHAR ROJGAR YOJNA
MODERN FOOD INDUSTRIES Ltd./UNITS
DEFENCE
OPEN / TENDER SALE
EXPORT
Total (B)
Rice
2007-2008
Wheat
Total
Rice
2008-2009
Wheat
Total
Rice
2009-2010
Wheat
Total
Rice
2010-2011
Wheat
('000 tonnes)
2011-2012
Wheat
Total
Total
Rice
5969
9679
3128
18776
2423
302
21501
17303
16090
9709
43102
7216
640
50958
10405
5789
6258
22452
4724
2933
3181
10838
15129
8722
9439
33290
10031
5710
6326
22068
5624
3710
3199
12533
15656
9420
9525
34601
10433
6537
6442
23411
488
6113
9526
3353
18991
376
16545
16063
9794
42402
864
11446
6867
6528
24841
2108
6003
9749
3127
18879
1570
17449
16616
9655
43720
3678
22452
10838
33290
22068
12533
34601
23899
19367
43266
26949
20449
47398
11334
6411
6581
24326
4793
338
29457
645
68
1441
179
288
165
395
274
933
233
1836
453
1582
215
437
392
2019
607
1854
240
446
513
2300
753
1928
293
481
754
2409
1047
1917
263
449
879
2365
1142
16
16
161
70
35
21
40
33
30
3
2
16
56
193
100
38
23
17
8
243
64
46
5
238
22
41
31
13
5
49
17
31
284
95
60
10
287
17
5
267
55
31
5
368
52
66
28
6
6
97
17
58
333
83
38
11
466
17
4
274
68
7
7
93
22
58
29
3
2
9
17
26
332
97
10
9
102
15
2
180
66
21
5
56
21
40
21
50
4
5
15
23
219
87
71
9
61
117
9
128
9
245
18
119
14
125
1229
245
1244
120
511
128
1636
248
2147
120
169
111
1154
231
1323
117
19
2778
1367
4145
2552
2344
4896
3473
2980
6453
2980
2623
5603
2660
8
1184
99
2759
125
1203
99
5419
(&) : Grain Bank and Anganwadi from February,2003 (Rice)

(^) : Anganwadi from June,2003 (Wheat)
(*) : Scheme started from April,06
($) : These schemes are included from June,06
P - 21
Table - 2.13
Central Issue Prices of Cereals

(Rs. per quintal)
RICE
Common
Grade-A
BPL
Common/Grade-A
550
700
1135
1087
795
695
795
700
905
1180
1130
830
730
830
350
350
590
565
565
565
565
APL
BPL
450
650
682
900
830
610
510
610
250
250
250
450
415
415
415
415
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
APL
BPL
AAY*
16.11.2005
70% of
Economic Cost
50% of
Economic Cost
Rs. 2.00 per Kg.
03.10.2008
Rs. 4.50 per Kg. Rs. 3.00 per Kg.
Rs. 1.50 per Kg.
APL
Effective From
01.12.1997 to 28.01.1999
29.01.1999 to 31.03.2000
01.04.2000 to 24.07.2000
25.07.2000 to 11.07.2001
12.07.2001 to 31.03.2002
01.04.2002 to 30.06.2002
01.07.2002 to till date
WHEAT
01.06.1997 to 28.01.1999
29.01.1999 to 31.03.1999
01.04.1999 to 31.03.2000
01.04.2000 to 24.07.2000
25.07.2000 to 11.07.2001
12.07.2001 to 31.03.2002
01.04.2002 to 30.06.2002
01.07.2002 to till date
(Rs. per quintal)

AAY*
COARSE GRAINS
* : with effect from December,2000

AAY*
300
300
300
300
300
300
P - 22
Table - 2.14
Wheat : Month-end Wholesale Prices

State/Centre Variety
ANDHRA PRADESH
Hyderabad Bansi
Kurnool
Sharbathi
Hyderabad
Year
April
May
June
Sept
Oct
Nov
Dec
1400
1500
1750
1800
1750
1400
1500
1700
1800
1700
1450
1550
1675
1650
1800
1425
1600
1700
1700
1450
1600
1750
1750
1450
1600
1750
1600
1450
1600
1650
1700
1480
1800
1700
1650
1500
1800
1775
1650
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
1750
1830
2000
2000
2000
1900
1900
2200
2200
2100
2550
2400
2200
2200
2300
2200
2100
2100
2000
2300
2000
2200
2000
2200
1950
2000
2000
2100
1000
1000
1520
Sharbathi
White
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
1000
BIHAR
Patna
FAQ
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
1250
1300
1550
1725
1470
1250
1310
1050
1700
1460
1175
1390
1000
1500
1250
Jainagar
White
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
1450
1420
1325
JHARKHAND
Jamshedpur White
Aug
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
ASSAM
Dhubri
Tezpur
Chhapra
July
Jan
(Rs. per quintal)

Feb
March
1550
1800
1800
1650
1500
1850
1800
1650
1500
1700
1800
1650
2100
2500
2200
2100
2300
2150
2100
2500
2200
2100
1500
1500
1450
1420
1050
1175
1310
1110
1325
1100
1330
1300
1350
1100
1360
1450
1450
1225
1410
1450
1400
1150
1420
1500
1400
1150
1500
1525
1420
1250
1500
1550
1500
1300
1525
1600
1450
1310
1560
1700
1480
1200
1225
1300
1300
1250
1300
1400
1500
1450
1425
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
930
950
950
1250
1475
1500
1475
1500
1475
1600
1600
1570
1560
1700
1520
1470
1450
1700
1400
1630
1410
GUJARAT
Patan
Hybrid
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
1200
1177
1382
1255
1280
1097
1260
1335
1150
1425
1025
1217
1362
1060
1375
1077
1205
1312
1087
1052
1222
1282
1072
1030
1285
1270
977
1017
1460
1395
1012
1110
1612
1512
1050
1135
1565
1362
1142
1187
1525
1400
1185
1110
1397
1337
1185
1225
1332
1400
1285
Rajkot
Tukde
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
1090
1275
1500
1285
1525
1015
1275
1390
1135
1500
1090
1265
1305
1145
1375
1105
1270
1400
1150
1065
1310
1370
1020
1075
1345
1305
1110
1112
1525
1485
1135
1115
1650
1365
1210
1125
1520
1430
1250
1175
1520
1425
1230
1150
1560
1325
1210
1220
1425
1480
1530
HARYANA
Karnal
Hissar
Maxican
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
1000
1080
1100
1170
1285
1080
1080
1115
1170
1270
1065
1070
1120
1100
1285
1075
1090
1120
1120
1075
1125
1100
1200
1070
1125
1100
1200
1065
1120
1090
1120
1200
1050
1175
1200
1135
1340
1225
1200
1120
1290
1300
1110
1130
1112
1300
1250
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
1201
1240
1170
1240
1200
1225
1300
1150
1320
1300
1350
1300
1160
1735
1300
1170
1300
1350
1380
1050
1550
1881
1550
1146
1450
1180
1295
1340
1150
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
1500
1400
1550
1400
1400
1400
1400
1500
1250
1400
2000
2000
1900
1250
1500
1800
1700
1300
1950
1980
1300
1450
1850
1700
1250
2000
1950
1350
1350
1940
1960
1900
1760
2000
1620
2100
1850
1980
1900
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
1350
1550
1500
1600
1600
1350
1500
1600
1600
1350
1530
1500
1700
1300
1600
1300
1600
1500
1600
1300
1600
1500
1550
1600
1600
1600
1400
1600
1500
1650
1500
1700
1600
1500
1600
1600
1500
1600
1550
1600
1500
1600
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
1250
1137
1125
1250
1300
1250
1463
1421
1120
1250
1200
1462
1070
1272
1511
1435
1140
1270
1600
1430
1170
1239
1165
1480
1450
1100
1570
1445
1280
1280
1050
1120
1280
1555
1300
1186
1262
1605
1250
1198
KARNATAKA
Dharwar
White
Bijapur
FAQ
Bangalore
MADHYA PRADESH
Chindwara
Gr.II
Medium
Basoda
Medium
Bhopal
Lokvan
1220
1301
1550
1475
1875
1920
1300
1320
1255
(Contd..)
P - 23
Table - 2.14
Wheat : Month-end Wholesale Prices

State/Centre Variety
MAHARASHTRA
Raver
WS-147
Year
April
May
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
1100
1050
1150
1400
1100
1050
1160
1400
1250
June
July
Aug
Sept
Oct
Nov
1151
1150
1400
1080
1150
1400
1075
1150
1400
1300
1250
1400
1350
1150
1400
1379
1150
1400
1050
1100
1150
1400
1050
1140
1100
1465
1291
1200
1125
1601
1541
1150
1275
1671
1521
1175
1300
1581
1366
1300
1361
1500
1425
1200
1113
1465
1441
1250
1180
1160
1220
1220
1150
1280
1240
1070
1290
1300
1200
1300
1300
1000
1180
1120
1120
1050
1250
1245
1120
1080
1250
1120
1120
1150
1250
1120
1120
1480
1380
1320
1140
1480
1400
1300
1130
1370
1380
1325
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
1111
1351
1481
1240
1300
1111
1335
1445
1350
1300
1100
1461
1451
1150
1250
1400
1300
1160
1150
1400
1300
1250
1175
1391
1300
1120
PUNJAB
Kotkapura
PBW-343
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
1000
1080
1100
1120
1270
1000
1080
1100
1120
1285
1001
1080
995
995
992
1125
1130
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
1000
1080
1120
1300
1300
1300
1120
1300
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
1000
1080
1100
1120
1285
1000
1080
1100
1120
1285
1000
1080
1150
1120
1285
1000
1060
1100
1120
1000
1080
1100
1180
1005
1080
1150
1120
1080
1050
1120
1000
1300
1120
1120
1012
1067
1380
1320
979
993
992
995
1380
1260
1375
1320
Ludhiana
Patiala
HD-2329
PBW-343
PBW-343
RAJASTHAN
Jaipur
Mexican
TAMIL NADU
Chennai
FP
UTTAR PRADESH
Hapur
Dara
Shahjahanpur Dara
Kanpur
Bahraich
Ballia
DELHI
Dara
Dara
Dara
(Rs. per quintal)

Feb
March
1080
1150
1400
WS-147
Jagraon
Jan
1100
1150
1400
1350
Jalgaon
Bhatinda
Dec
1400
1340
1080
1005
1080
980
1080
1080
1150
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
1380
1350
1325
1380
1375
1320
1380
1330
1330
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
750
750
900
1050
1050
750
750
900
1050
1050
750
750
750
750
750
750
750
1050
1050
1050
1050
1050
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
1085
1080
1050
1170
1145
1005
1080
1170
1115
1015
1080
1170
1170
1110
1015
1000
1240
1100
1060
1110
1195
1100
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
1045
1005
1100
1170
1285
1030
1105
1175
1135
1010
1080
1130
1180
1125
1010
1020
1135
1165
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
1015
1050
1770
1145
1185
1010
1080
1105
1175
1190
1010
1080
1115
1185
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
1085
1075
1100
1200
1300
1080
1075
1150
1250
1260
1100
1070
1150
1250
1270
1280
1375
1280
1380
1260
1325
1380
1320
750
750
900
1050
750
1050
1050
750
1050
1050
750
900
1050
1050
750
900
1050
1050
750
900
1050
1050
1025
1150
1150
1130
1020
1280
1175
1300
1220
1070
1350
1280
1085
1100
1340
1290
1125
1140
1325
1255
1110
1085
1200
1225
1120
975
1055
1105
1165
995
1080
1140
1140
990
1105
1140
1135
1005
1210
1130
1120
1010
1235
1165
1050
1070
1280
1260
1125
1060
1230
1255
1115
1065
1150
1230
1135
1005
840
1125
1190
1000
1000
1130
1185
930
1000
1130
1180
945
1050
1135
1160
955
1200
1140
1160
960
1160
1180
985
1225
1200
1160
990
1230
1245
1035
1220
1260
1080
1075
1250
1200
1070
1100
1250
1200
1070
1175
1240
1150
1150
1175
1250
1150
1070
1260
1290
1260
1070
1450
1300
1150
1090
1090
1350
1250
1080
1300
1350
1260
1100
1200
1200
1260
Source : Directorate of Economics & Statistics

P - 24
Table - 2.15
Barley : Month-end Wholesale Prices

State/Centre
BIHAR
Muzaffarpur
Variety
Desi
Year
(Rs. per quintal)

Jan
Feb
April
May
June
July
Aug
Sept
Oct
Nov
Dec
Mar
2011-12
2012-13
1120
1140
1140
1140
1200
1325
1400
1400
1540
1020
1500
1100
1550
1105
735
923
1100
1150
1050
680
955
1100
920
698
975
1010
905
672
950
950
860
760
1040
861
852
840
1100
988
780
860
1100
990
845
847
1100
950
750
820
1100
990
732
811
1050
1275
825
930
1380
1100
850
925
1260
1050
740
780
1325
1350
HARYANA
Hissar
Local
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
950
800
875
1195
1450
1130
765
905
1216
1200
PUNJAB
Bhatinda
Desi
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
880
765
850
1100
1400
1110
950
860
925
1140
1450
1165
830
890
1325
1325
1173
760
980
1190
1180
1150
745
1030
1170
1080
780
1040
1125
1020
740
1075
1050
1030
760
1325
1030
900
930
1250
950
900
930
1180
1000
925
800
1000
950
990
935
995
950
980
1110
1000
1000
1030
1000
990
1090
1075
1085
1090
850
870
1250
1205
Dara
880
1400
1220
1100
RAJASTHAN
Jaipur
Local
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
UTTAR PRADESH
Sitapur
Dara
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
820
880
800
900
1000
825
980
1085
1090
1140
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
900
855
890
1040
NR
1090
845
895
1400
1200
1065
810
970
1160
1125
1020
825
980
1260
1000
885
915
865
930
900
955
915
1000
1015
945
965
1200
1220
1180
1160
1200
1150
955
975
1000
1155
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
950
860
840
1075
1150
1025
890
900
1100
1210
1050
850
900
1150
1240
1025
950
935
1040
860
900
1040
850
900
1200
850
900
1070
950
1100
1075
1150
960
1180
1080
1050
920
1250
1180
900
900
1200
1225
900
870
1150
1260
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
1080
1175
950
1250
1450
1200
1170
1100
1400
1450
1250
1170
1075
1400
1250
1200
1175
1050
1200
1160
1175
1200
1175
1150
1175
1200
1225
1150
1175
1300
1250
1150
1200
1250
1275
1150
1000
1200
1250
1160
1000
1400
1250
1170
950
1425
1370
1175
950
1300
1350
Ballia
Hathras
Hapur
DELHI
K-12
Dara
Dara

P - 25
Table - 2.16
Gram (Whole) : Month-end Wholesale Prices

State/Centre
Bihar
Patna
Variety
Dohad
(Rs. per quintal)

September October November December January February
Year
April
May
June
July
August
Desi
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
2800
2800
2650
2700
4450
2900
2775
2670
2900
4250
2800
2470
2670
3050
4270
2900
2600
2670
3100
2800
2650
2700
3350
2900
2730
2660
3820
2625
2825
2850
4200
3550
2865
2820
4300
2600
2900
3050
4250
2550
3000
2975
4350
2660
2850
2930
4320
March
2600
2700
2925
4400
Desi
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
2360
2200
2100
2190
3580
2250
2070
2065
2225
4110
2410
2075
2035
2550
4100
2525
2250
2291
2700
2431
2100
2150
3025
2340
2275
2275
3500
2075
2325
2325
3200
2050
2450
2375
3150
1950
2300
3150
2200
2050
2575
3175
2100
2000
2500
3550
1925
2000
2380
3275
Haryana
Ambala City
Desi
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
2400
2250
2215
2250
3640
2550
2270
2200
2410
3750
2450
2250
2125
2440
3700
2560
2460
2260
2800
2560
2360
2240
2860
2450
2250
2260
3300
2150
2450
2400
3350
2250
2460
2500
3500
2325
2490
2430
3360
2150
2270
2560
3300
2150
2150
2650
3340
2175
2260
2400
3500
Hissar
Desi
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
2505
2222
2125
2050
3600
2370
2105
2118
2100
4050
2375
2075
2152
2440
4000
2250
2275
2220
2788
2395
2117
2080
2950
2445
2210
2080
3100
2150
2300
2250
3150
2200
2500
2360
3165
2100
2400
2250
3175
2035
2245
2400
3055
2075
2050
2455
3675
2000
2184
2250
3400
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
2325
2165
2200
2180
3500
2360
2270
2200
2300
4200
2350
2050
2200
2300
4000
2390
2300
2250
2750
2325
2250
2200
2950
2360
2200
2150
3300
2300
2150
2275
3200
2175
2500
2325
3200
2225
2480
2400
3100
2175
2370
2450
3150
2150
2250
2500
3300
2025
2100
2500
3500
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
3200
2600
2750
3100
3200
3200
2750
3000
2700
3200
2700
3600
2900
2700
3900
2850
2700
4100
3050
2800
2800
4450
2950
3000
2800
2900
2950
2800
2800
2800
4500
2750
2800
4500
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
2375
2205
2475
1820
2142
1870
2269
2200
2563
1864
2406
2193
2538
2200
2300
2112
2600
2050
2180
2211
3263
2136
2247
3441
2240
2393
3151
1989
2438
3064
2123
2666
2983
1964
2160
1972
2326
3538
1950
1900
2300
3000
2000
1950
2200
3778
1950
1900
2300
4186
3700
2100
2050
2400
2200
2100
2100
2550
2100
2100
3100
2129
2100
3200
1950
2250
2200
3200
1950
2350
2150
3195
1950
2150
2300
3080
1950
2050
2500
3175
1950
1900
2300
3250
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
2300
2000
2000
2100
2000
2000
1900
3500
2100
2000
2000
2000
3500
2100
2000
2000
2100
2100
2000
2000
2100
2100
2000
2100
2000
2100
2000
2100
2000
2100
2100
2000
2000
2000
2000
2700
2800
2800
2900
2900
2600
2600
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
1800
1500
1400
1800
1300
1400
1900
3000
1800
1300
1350
2000
1800
1300
1350
2200
1800
1350
1350
2300
1750
1200
1350
2000
1700
1550
1350
2000
1600
1500
1250
2200
1600
1400
1500
2000
1550
1400
1200
2500
1450
1400
1210
2500
2500
1800
1350
1400
1800
3000
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
2490
1950
1929
2371
1960
1825
2371
1898
1831
2440
2577
2085
2322
2021
2026
2350
2084
2176
2086
2100
2200
2601
2071
2500
1945
4000
3550
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
2550
2700
2400
2350
3600
2475
2750
2400
2500
4500
2600
2650
2300
2650
4600
2675
2600
2300
2950
2625
2650
2300
3200
2500
2600
2450
3700
Jammu & Kashmir

Jammu
Black
Karnataka
Gulbarga
Madhya Pradesh
Bhopal
Desi
Sagar
Sehore
Maharashtra
Malegaon
Aurangabad
NCT of Delhi
Delhi
Desi
No II
Local
Garara
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
3500
2600
3000
4500
2181
2600
2600
2550
3800
2600
2650
2500
3800
2600
2625
2400
3300
2600
2600
2600
3300
2650
2200
2500
3400
2600
2250
2350
3600
(Contd..)
P - 26
Table - 2.16 (concluded)
Gram (Whole) : Month-end Wholesale Prices

State/Centre
Punjab
Amritsar
Batala
Rajasthan
Alwar
Variety
Black
(Rs. per quintal)

September October November December January February
Year
April
May
June
July
August
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
3300
2700
2600
4400
3000
2800
2600
4500
3000
3000
2700
3450
3400
3400
2700
3400
3400
3000
2700
3600
4400
3000
2800
4000
3800
3300
3000
4200
3600
3300
3000
4400
4000
3200
3200
4300
2800
2600
3000
4300
2900
2800
2800
4200
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
2700
3000
4700
4500
5000
3050
3000
3000
3200
2700
3600
2900
3200
3400
3000
3000
4000
3900
3900
NR
4200
4700
4450
5000
4100
4750
2600
3600
3500
4100
2700
4100
5500
5000
2800
4300
5500
5100
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
2300
2055
2024
2200
3920
2310
2025
1980
2300
3835
2200
2070
2800
2325
2450
2040
2700
2100
2035
2225
2140
3050
2040
2250
2300
3140
1825
2220
2060
2060
3390
2100
1900
1965
2050
3050
3350
2350
2275
2140
2600
2300
2150
2130
2900
2250
2130
2170
3175
2225
2120
2180
3100
2100
2220
2270
3250
2050
2225
2280
3400
2100
2080
2350
3100
2000
2090
2470
3500
1850
2125
2475
3400
2200
2140
2770
2332
2000
1991
2801
2075
2201
3196
2032
2140
3060
2035
2400
2270
3150
1835
2035
2200
2970
2075
2000
2370
2062
1851
2373
1800
1911
2250
2800
5100
Jaipur
Local
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
2450
2175
2280
2040
3400
2300
2050
2180
2160
4000
2300
2075
2080
2370
4000
Sriganganagar
Local
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
2257
2073
2115
3575
2350
2015
2025
2221
3939
2285
2000
1981
2431
3865
4800
2280
2095
2100
2250
March
Tamil Nadu
Coimbatore
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
3200
3200
3150
3500
4400
3200
3200
3150
3500
5200
3200
2850
3150
3600
5600
3200
2850
3150
3500
3300
3200
3150
3750
3300
3000
3150
4500
3300
3150
3150
4500
3000
3150
3150
4600
3000
3150
3250
4600
3000
3150
3450
4200
3200
3150
3600
4200
3200
3150
3500
4200
Uttar Pradesh
Gorakhpur
Desi
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
2815
2610
2580
2730
3815
2810
2645
2570
2765
3960
2808
2660
2500
2750
4200
2830
2720
2480
2800
2885
2770
2500
3210
2875
2785
2600
3725
2810
2800
2670
3970
2800
2825
2700
3965
2635
2835
2710
3925
2610
2870
2740
4000
2660
2650
2775
3860
2575
2555
2810
3865
Jhansi
Desi
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
2350
2050
1875
2100
3160
2270
1900
1900
2350
3740
2300
1925
1925
2400
3850
2400
2150
2000
2650
2250
2140
1950
2800
2260
2130
1975
3250
2100
2100
2040
2950
1950
2100
2125
3100
2050
2125
2150
3100
2000
2120
2350
3100
1900
2030
2370
3100
1940
2000
2100
2950
Kanpur
Small
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
2490
2480
2180
2270
3425
2365
2275
2500
3640
2460
2200
2260
2535
3780
2465
2395
2250
2680
2580
2410
2270
2800
2615
2400
2445
2960
2500
2550
2450
3480
2450
2560
2400
3370
2360
2470
2370
3550
2380
2640
2430
3425
2210
2310
2440
3615
2300
2300
2420
3560
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
2750
2450
2500
3900
2600
2400
2800
4100
2500
2500
3000
4500
3300
2650
2750
3200
3350
2550
2650
3200
3450
2650
2650
4000
3400
2650
2600
4000
3800
2900
3000
4000
3800
2600
2800
3900
2850
2500
2850
3800
2850
2400
2700
3700
2700
2500
2550
3800
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
2700
2650
2650
2600
2800
2700
2650
2800
2600
2800
2650
2600
2800
2600
2800
2650
2700
2800
2600
2700
2700
2800
2800
2800
2800
2200
2800
2800
2750
2200
2800
2775
2800
2200
2600
2750
2800
2200
2600
2750
2800
2200
2600
2700
2750
2200
2700
2650
2700
2200
2800
West Bengal
Kolkata
Sainthiya
Small

P - 27
Table - 2.17
Masur (Lentil) : Month-end Wholesale Prices

State/Centre
Assam
Dibrugarh
Year
April
May
June
July
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
3900
5250
4100
5600
4150
5960
4150
5600
5300
6000
5370
6000
5100
6000
5050
5000
5050
5060
5600
5400
4800
4600
5000
5000
5000
4800
4600
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4000
4000
4350
4350
2800
4225
4000
2800
3580
3300
4150
3700
3500
3850
3550
3900
3950
4350
3900
3600
4460
4000
4350
3600
4500
3950
4200
3600
4640
3940
4200
4050
4625
4100
4180
4600
4650
4200
4150
4500
4650
4150
3800
4350
4700
3120
3825
4350
4525
3100
3825
4280
4350
3200
3800
4200
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4200
4200
4200
4400
4000
4500
4300
Bihar
Patna
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
Chhattisgarh
Raipur
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
Haryana
Hissar
Karnataka
Bangalore
Madhya Pradesh
Bhopal
-
Sagar
Maharashtra
Mumbai
NCT of Delhi
Delhi
Black
Punjab
Batala
Uttar Pradesh
Hapur
Dara
Kanpur
(Rs. per quintal)

August September October November December January February March
Variety
Bada Dana
Lucknow
West Bengal
Kolkata
Small
5000
3600
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
4100
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
3450
3850
4200
4000
4000
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
4250
4225
5000
4200
4800
4550
4600
4400
4300
4200
3700
3600
2793
3450
3850
4200
4000
4500
3450
3850
3600
4500
3900
5200
4200
3600
5400
4200
3500
5550
4050
4000
6500
4050
3700
5250
4050
3640
3250
5250
3900
3600
3250
4500
3250
3700
3700
3800
3850
4200
4000
3900
4400
3500
2900
4400
4400
3500
3000
4400
3600
2700
4000
3600
2500
3800
3500
2450
3900
4000
2532
3650
4000
2670
3500
4000
2692
3200
3900
2660
3800
3200
2980
3600
2800
2905
2000
4500
3000
2700
2700
3200
4200
3000
2700
3200
4200
3000
2700
3200
4000
4000
4050
4000
4500
4000
4000
4000
4000
5100
4000
5100
3000
2700
2800
2800
3000
3000
2700
2700
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
2900
5100
5000
2700
5100
3000
3000
2700
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
4129
4525
4540
4025
3400
3975
4675
4350
3800
3500
4366
4925
4350
3550
3500
4708
5141
4225
3550
4616
5360
4066
3450
4725
5250
4266
3660
4866
5145
4054
3300
4800
5125
3750
3300
4287
5125
3808
3400
5260
5050
3975
3250
4350
4650
4050
3250
4350
4360
4100
3400
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
3350
4000
4200
2900
3350
3450
4100
3800
2800
3475
3750
4150
3800
2700
3700
3800
4250
3600
2700
3850
4400
3600
2850
4000
4500
3650
3000
3925
4550
3350
2900
3900
5100
3300
2800
3900
4700
3100
2950
4000
4000
3600
3000
3850
3400
2950
3125
3900
4200
3250
3025
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
3000
4500
5400
6300
5100
2950
5000
5600
5500
5100
3300
5000
6000
5300
2850
4900
2750
4900
2750
3650
4000
3900
5600
5000
5200
6350
4950
6100
4700
6400
4700
5000
4100
5600
6500
5000
4500
6000
6500
5000
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
2400
4200
4850
3200
3400
2550
4300
4500
3200
3300
2900
4300
4500
3100
3600
3000
4200
4100
3000
3400
5250
4150
3150
3150
3800
2950
3800
4800
3900
3000
4900
3800
3000
4600
4900
3500
3100
4400
4850
3400
3300
4650
4800
3400
3250
4200
4700
3350
3350
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
3210
4150
3700
2950
3175
4260
3700
2800
3260
3310
4000
3630
2915
3240
3315
4380
3410
2840
3725
4410
3280
2875
3700
4380
3400
2875
3850
4450
3365
2940
4350
4550
3340
2970
4375
4620
3210
2825
4465
4920
3250
2900
4080
4110
3215
3070
4400
3790
3120
3050
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
4000
3725
3500
3700
4000
3685
3700
4000
4100
3700
3950
3900
4050
3660
4700
4100
3450
5400
4050
3475
5900
4100
3800
6000
4100
4000
4500
3650
4000
4550
3600
3700
4200
3700
3600
4000
3760
3500
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
4250
4000
3300
3400
4300
3750
3550
3400
4200
3850
3350
3600
5400
4850
3800
3400
5500
4950
3700
3400
5700
5100
3700
3700
6000
5200
3500
3400
4700
4900
3600
3400
4700
4950
3200
3300
4700
4200
3750
3300
4400
3950
3450
3400
3950
4200
3350
3400

6100
P - 28
Table - 2.18
Rapeseed /Mustard : Month-end Wholesale Prices

State/Centre
Assam
Dibrugarh
(Rs. per quintal)

August September October November December January February
March
Variety
Year
April
May
June
July
Imported
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
2450
2100
2800
2450
1950
2850
2200
2800
2600
2900
2300
3150
2750
2500
2700
2500
1900
2500
1950
2500
2600
2800
2600
2600
2500
2600
2400
2400
2000
2600
2600
2500
2500
2600
2500
2800
1950
2800
2600
2500
3000
2500
4000
2250
3000
5000
4000
2250
3000
2500
4000
3000
2500
4000
2250
3000
1800
4000
2250
1800
2000
2375
2250
2250
2000
2375
3000
Goalpara
M-27
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
2400
2250
2000
2375
3000
2400
2250
2500
2375
3000
2400
2500
2500
2250
2400
2500
2500
2250
2700
2500
4000
2250
Bihar
Sasaram
Patna
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
2100
2100
2100
2100
2100
2850
4200
5150
2650
4400
5170
3200
4200
4900
3400
4350
3650
4500
3700
4500
3750
4400
3900
4350
3800
4500
3200
3800
4800
3200
3780
4900
2900
3825
5150
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
2340
2285
2175
2325
3450
2295
2152
2212
2375
3462
2725
2275
2235
2460
3385
2665
2142
2165
2445
3553
3000
2265
2200
2515
3620
2940
2152
2160
2365
3402
2940
2285
2380
2660
2825
2370
2300
2605
2840
2331
2300
2585
2625
2340
2330
2635
2720
2590
2485
2825
2620
2500
2530
3210
2275
2125
2570
3000
1950
2180
2575
3125
2025
2200
2892
2140
2340
2565
2815
2272
2275
2502
2780
2087
2220
2457
2637
2200
2260
2520
2682
2440
2330
2790
2620
2377
2490
3067
2127
2100
2485
2892
1942
2075
2540
3040
1955
2375
2390
3675
Gujarat
Deesa
Patan
Black (Red)
Red & Black
3440
Haryana
Hissar
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
2261
2286
2170
2300
3450
2491
2301
2180
2440
3250
2695
2275
2216
2475
3300
2685
2320
2351
2525
2510
2407
2344
NR
2638
2360
2376
2550
2550
2425
2398
2600
2651
2500
2399
2818
2600
2675
2500
3120
2390
2290
2407
2980
2000
2300
2450
3460
1881
2150
2284
3480
Rohtak
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
2250
2250
2225
2300
3500
2550
2275
2150
2500
3575
2850
2350
2250
2525
3500
2750
2380
2400
2700
2625
2500
2400
2600
2675
2450
2350
2700
2500
2450
2360
2750
2640
2540
2485
2830
2615
2670
2410
3125
2200
2450
2350
3200
1975
2250
2475
3450
1900
2200
2400
3500
Haryana
Sirsa
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
2250
2200
2160
2330
3500
2600
2260
2100
2375
3450
2640
2260
2150
2425
3300
2650
2275
2250
2520
2600
2350
2290
2550
2700
2300
2275
2540
2625
2350
2300
2550
2400
2600
2500
2400
2950
2310
2550
2400
3225
2400
1975
2225
2300
3300
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
3000
3000
2300
2300
3000
3000
2300
2300
2300
2300
2300
2300
2500
2300
2350
2500
2300
2350
3000
2300
2300
2350
3000
2300
2300
3000
2300
2300
2300
2300
2300
2300
2300
2300
2300
2300
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
2450
3100
2600
2680
3850
2750
3100
2700
2875
3800
3050
3100
2650
2900
3865
3100
3100
2650
2950
3100
3100
2650
2990
3100
3100
2650
3030
3100
3100
2700
3075
3100
3100
2650
3300
3100
3175
2800
3590
3100
3100
2780
3400
3100
2850
2750
3600
3100
2700
2400
3715
Jammu & Kashmir

Jammu
Local
NCT of Delhi
Delhi
Laha
2350
2450
3175
3000
(Contd..)
P - 29
Table - 2.18 (concluded)
Rapeseed /Mustard : Month-end Wholesale Prices

State/Centre
Rajasthan
Jaipur
Sriganganagar
(Rs. per quintal)

March
Variety
Year
April
May
June
July
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
2300
2300
2280
2300
3550
2300
2300
2190
2400
3400
2600
2260
2230
2480
3500
2630
2325
2380
2450
2650
2380
2325
2560
2560
2280
2350
2550
2650
2380
2380
2550
2600
2480
2430
2630
2600
2580
2450
3050
2550
2280
2480
3400
2150
2280
2460
3300
2000
2250
2340
3500
Laha
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
2335
2130
2375
3311
2421
2300
2250
2490
3200
2576
2336
2241
2515
3285
2328
2424
2535
2527
2401
2370
2546
2585
2373
2370
2517
2566
2344
2346
2600
2575
2621
2429
2751
2465
2596
2495
3166
1991
2262
2485
3030
1981
2211
2401
3400
1971
2237
2300
3200
Uttar Pradesh
Bareilly
Black
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
2525
2355
2150
2330
3100
2755
2285
2125
2475
3200
2980
2345
2150
2580
3325
2960
2350
2200
2625
2925
2410
2325
2675
2935
2440
2300
2700
2940
2460
2425
2650
2820
2500
2375
2650
2800
2520
2475
2760
2265
2470
2550
2850
1965
2275
2600
2750
2000
2200
2480
2825
Etawah
Black
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
2350
2225
2175
2280
3300
2600
2200
2130
2625
3475
2800
2175
2165
2640
3400
2950
2300
2210
2750
2800
2400
2340
2780
2850
2375
2350
2780
2700
2390
2345
2770
2600
2470
2350
2900
2700
2475
2400
3000
2275
2400
2365
3150
2000
2210
2340
3050
2000
2170
2275
3300
Black (S)
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
2140
2550
2270
2175
2860
2190
2645
2280
2190
2950
2222
2665
2150
2310
3035
2360
2380
2225
2365
2485
2270
2285
2370
2500
2345
2265
2410
2630
2425
2250
2450
2610
2520
2270
2515
2730
2580
2290
2560
2720
2575
2300
2685
2660
2400
2345
2800
2500
2250
2280
2760
Black
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
2260
2280
2280
2475
2680
2260
2375
2700
3450
2860
2225
2325
2730
3580
2850
2320
2490
2810
2860
2490
2770
2350
2780
2375
2630
2475
2320
2375
2010
2425
2780
2780
2800
2920
2800
2965
1900
2000
2300
2800
1960
2000
2350
3500
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
2300
1700
2500
2400
3100
2400
1700
2100
2400
3100
2500
1900
2100
2550
3100
2550
2275
2280
2625
2500
2400
2400
2600
2300
2300
2550
2700
2700
2250
2600
2700
2700
2400
2600
2700
2700
2300
2700
2700
2800
2300
2700
2750
2100
2400
2800
2600
1800
2400
2800
2650
Rai UP
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
2700
3600
3400
3000
3200
3300
Gorakhpur
Hathras
Uttrakhand
Haldwani
West Bengal
Kolkata
3500
2800
4000
2900
3900
2950
4000
3050
Source : Directorate of Economics & Statistics,

3300
3500
3700
2825
3550
3000
4000
P - 30
Table -2.19
Mustard Oil: Month-end Wholesale Prices

(Rs. per quintal)
State/Centre
Bihar
Patna
Punjab
Amritsar
Uttar Pradesh
Kanpur
West Bengal
Kolkata
NCT of Delhi
Delhi
Year
April
May
June
July
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
6500
5300
5273
6700
8700
6553
5327
5000
6753
8987
6600
5520
5200
6700
8900
6500
5727
5400
7027
6600
5853
5600
7153
6600
5853
5700
7200
6647
5853
6000
7200
6147
5853
6173
7300
6147
5800
6173
7700
6027
5500
6200
7953
5900
5500
6200
8000
5400
5260
6500
8527
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
5300
5500
5800
9200
5000
5500
5800
9000
5300
5300
5700
6000
6800
5300
5700
6200
7000
5500
5800
6200
7200
5200
5800
7300
7300
5500
5800
7600
8300
5600
5800
8200
8200
5600
5800
8200
5600
5500
5800
8000
5600
5500
5800
8800
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
5900
5373
5273
6053
7753
7100
5587
5400
6653
6853
5633
5440
6773
6800
5400
6773
5453
5513
7100
6853
5493
5273
6153
8100
6820
5653
5627
7200
6500
5673
5767
7580
5800
6227
6200
7453
5700
5500
6233
7460
6300
5833
6900
9000
5967
6900
9833
7000
6667
6667
9333
7000
6000
6667
9667
5800
8400
6853
5453
5280
6293
8373
7000
5500
6973
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
5867
6933
9667
6033
7500
8500
6020
7533
9100
6367
7533
6620
7833
6533
7667
6533
7833
6867
8000
7133
8667
6233
7167
8667
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
5800
7167
6600
6500
9000
6200
6833
6333
7000
8833
7000
7333
6333
7167
8667
7067
7333
7000
7333
6667
7167
7167
7333
6933
7000
6333
7333
6933
6833
6333
7333
7000
5667
6500
8000
7000
7000
7000
8667
6800
6667
7000
8667

March
P - 31
Table - 2.20
Safflower : Month-end Wholesale Prices
State/Centre
Maharashtra
Jalna
Karnataka
Raichur
Gulbarga
Year
April
May
June
July
August
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
2100
2200
1850
2500
2200
1825
2275
2200
1925
3100
2250
1875
2300
3100
2600
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
2020
2269
1789
2104
3011
2351
2239
1762
2179
3125
2439
2239
1645
2141
3251
2596
2049
(Rs. per quintal)

September October November December January February March
2650
2811
1900
2350
2000
2000
2375
2506
2612
1911
2061
2252
2050
2450
2800
2100
2300
2450
1609
1769
1501
2510
2050
2001
2150
2500
2100
1850
2150
2550
2069
1919
2010
1816
2600
2851
Table - 2.21
Safflower Oil : Month end Wholesale Prices
State/Centre
Year
1
2
Maharashtra
Mumbai
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
April
3
May
4
June
5
July
6
August
7
6353
5900
7300
9100
7500
6800
5900
7300
9000
8800
6800
5900
7300
9100
8800
6800
6000
7300
8800
6800
6000
7300
(Rs. per quintal)

September October November December January February March
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
9000
6800
6000
7300
8840
6800
6053
7300

8800
6500
6600
7300
8800
6500
6800
7300
6253
6500
6800
7300
6253
6500
6867
8460
6353
6320
7213
9133
P - 32
Table - 2.22
Index Numbers of Wholesale Prices

Commodity
Year
April
1
2
3
All Commodities
2005-06
102.7
2006-07
107.8
2007-08
114.5
2008-09
123.5
2009-10
125.0
2010-11
138.6
2011-12
152.1
2012-13
163.1
Foodgrains
2005-06
100.6
2006-07
112.9
2007-08
127.3
2008-09
139.5
2009-10
154.7
2010-11
171.8
2011-12
175.5
2012-13
187.5
Primary Articles
2005-06
99.1
2006-07
106.7
2007-08
120.8
2008-09
132.1
2009-10
140.8
2010-11
171.0
2011-12
196.8
2012-13
215.9
Agricultural Commodities
2005-06
99.1
2006-07
104.3
2007-08
119.0
2008-09
127.7
2009-10
137.4
2010-11
164.8
2011-12
188.0
2012-13
203.9
Food Articles
2005-06
100.4
2006-07
106.4
2007-08
121.5
2008-09
128.9
2009-10
140.1
2010-11
168.8
2011-12
186.8
2012-13
206.4
Non - Food Articles
2005-06
94.7
2006-07
97.3
2007-08
110.5
2008-09
123.5
2009-10
128.3
2010-11
151.5
2011-12
192.2
2012-13
195.3
Manufactured Products
2005-06
102.9
2006-07
105.6
2007-08
111.5
2008-09
119.2
2009-10
119.7
2010-11
127.9
2011-12
136.6
2012-13
143.6
(Base :2004-05=100)
Feb.
March
13
14
May
4
June
5
July
6
August
7
Sept.
8
Oct.
9
Nov.
10
Dec.
11
Jan.
12
102.5
108.7
114.7
124.1
125.9
139.1
152.4
163.9
102.9
109.9
114.8
127.3
126.8
139.8
153.1
104.0
110.8
115.7
128.6
128.2
141.0
154.2
104.1
111.5
116.0
128.9
129.6
141.1
154.9
104.9
112.2
116.0
128.5
130.3
142.0
156.2
105.4
112.7
116.3
128.7
131.0
142.9
157.0
105.5
112.6
116.8
126.9
132.9
143.8
157.4
104.9
112.2
116.7
124.5
133.4
146.0
157.3
105.4
112.4
117.5
124.4
135.2
148.0
158.7
105.6
112.6
119.0
123.3
135.2
148.1
159.3
105.7
112.8
121.5
123.5
136.3
149.5
161.0
104.5
111.4
116.6
126.0
130.8
143.3
156.1
163.5
100.9
114.9
126.8
139.0
156.1
172.2
176.7
190.4
103.0
116.6
126.5
139.5
157.1
173.4
177.0
105.4
116.6
128.7
141.3
158.9
174.2
178.6
106.0
117.8
129.7
143.2
161.1
174.4
180.2
106.5
122.2
129.7
143.2
164.1
174.0
180.8
107.7
126.2
132.8
147.3
166.9
173.4
182.9
108.5
128.8
133.0
148.3
173.6
174.4
182.4
109.4
129.4
132.2
148.4
177.3
175.2
182.1
112.6
128.8
132.7
149.8
179.0
176.4
183.3
113.4
128.8
134.1
152.0
175.3
178.2
183.5
113.1
125.9
137.0
152.1
172.2
175.6
185.6
107.3
122.4
130.9
145.3
166.4
174.4
180.7
189.0
98.9
108.4
121.2
134.2
143.3
172.6
194.9
216.1
101.1
111.3
121.1
138.3
146.5
176.0
195.9
104.6
112.5
124.2
141.1
149.3
177.8
198.2
105.2
114.5
125.2
139.2
152.9
177.3
199.4
105.8
115.6
125.3
138.3
153.0
180.8
202.9
107.5
117.5
124.7
140.8
155.3
183.4
203.5
108.2
117.6
125.6
141.4
161.6
185.3
201.8
105.3
117.0
123.2
137.5
162.2
192.0
198.9
106.1
116.2
121.2
137.2
164.9
195.3
200.7
105.5
117.0
124.8
134.4
163.6
189.6
203.0
104.3
117.6
128.9
135.8
165.9
188.2
207.8
104.3
114.3
123.9
137.5
154.9
182.4
200.3
216.0
99.2
106.1
119.3
129.4
139.4
167.2
185.6
204.5
100.8
109.0
119.0
130.6
142.0
170.2
187.0
104.1
109.5
121.7
133.8
146.2
172.2
189.0
103.7
111.9
123.3
134.6
148.9
171.5
191.0
104.1
114.5
123.0
135.4
149.7
175.5
194.2
106.3
115.7
123.1
137.9
151.9
177.5
194.5
107.2
115.9
123.0
138.5
158.2
179.0
191.9
103.7
114.9
120.4
134.2
159.0
186.3
188.2
104.8
115.8
119.1
135.0
160.0
190.0
189.3
104.7
116.2
121.6
131.9
158.6
183.7
191.1
103.1
116.1
125.3
133.1
160.6
181.8
195.5
103.4
112.5
121.5
133.5
151.0
176.6
190.4
204.2
100.3
108.3
122.3
130.2
141.8
172.1
186.3
206.3
102.3
111.8
121.8
130.3
145.0
175.4
188.8
106.5
112.2
124.8
133.4
150.4
178.2
192.8
106.2
114.9
126.1
134.4
153.7
176.7
193.7
106.7
118.1
125.5
135.8
154.7
179.9
197.2
109.0
119.8
126.0
140.3
157.8
180.9
199.3
109.9
119.9
125.2
141.1
164.7
181.4
196.5
105.5
117.8
121.6
136.3
164.6
189.4
190.9
106.7
118.9
119.9
137.2
164.9
192.4
191.1
106.1
119.2
122.5
134.1
163.4
181.3
192.4
105.0
118.9
125.6
135.6
163.6
179.0
197.1
105.4
115.5
123.6
134.8
155.4
179.6
192.7
206.4
95.7
98.8
109.1
126.8
131.4
150.8
183.1
198.6
95.7
99.7
109.4
131.6
132.0
152.9
181.1
95.9
100.6
111.1
135.1
132.0
152.2
176.2
95.3
101.6
113.7
135.1
132.8
153.8
181.8
95.4
102.3
114.7
134.2
133.0
160.6
184.0
97.1
102.0
113.5
129.8
132.1
166.1
178.4
98.0
102.3
115.5
129.8
136.1
170.8
176.6
97.6
105.0
116.5
127.0
140.3
176.0
179.2
98.4
105.3
116.5
127.4
143.6
181.8
183.1
99.8
105.9
118.4
124.7
142.6
191.6
186.8
96.5
106.7
124.1
124.8
150.3
191.4
189.9
96.7
102.3
114.4
129.2
136.2
166.6
182.7
197.0
102.5
106.1
111.6
119.2
120.2
127.9
137.4
144.3
102.1
106.6
111.9
120.7
120.4
127.8
137.9
101.9
107.2
112.1
121.4
120.5
128.1
138.0
101.9
107.8
112.2
121.8
121.4
128.3
138.4
102.0
108.2
112.3
121.8
122.0
128.7
139.0
101.9
108.5
112.8
121.5
122.2
129.2
139.6
102.0
108.5
113.0
120.0
122.8
129.8
140.4
101.8
108.7
113.3
119.1
123.4
130.9
140.9
102.3
109.3
114.9
119.5
125.2
132.6
141.5
102.8
109.5
115.8
119.2
125.4
134.0
141.8
103.2
109.9
117.8
119.4
125.6
135.6
142.6
102.3
108.0
113.3
120.2
122.4
130.1
139.5
144.0
Source : Office of the Economic Adviser,

Ministry of Commerce and Industry
Avg
15
P - 33
Table - 2.23
Cereals : Index Numbers of Wholesale Prices

Commodity
1
Wheat
(Base :2004-05=100)
Feb.
March
13
14
Year
2
April
3
May
4
June
5
July
6
August
7
Sept.
8
Oct.
9
Nov.
10
Dec.
11
Jan.
12
Avg
15
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
95.8
111.6
130.1
146.7
155.7
168.9
169.2
174.7
96.1
114.4
128.8
146.4
158.0
168.1
167.4
178.8
98.1
116.3
127.9
145.6
158.4
168.8
168.7
100.3
115.9
131.6
147.1
157.5
167.8
170.8
100.6
119.1
133.1
147.0
156.5
172.5
168.9
101.3
125.6
133.1
146.6
159.1
171.6
166.9
103.5
127.4
135.5
144.8
163.3
168.2
165.3
104.7
134.9
137.7
145.9
174.0
172.7
164.3
107.0
137.1
137.1
147.0
180.8
173.3
166.6
116.7
135.8
137.6
150.7
182.1
175.2
169.2
119.4
134.8
139.0
152.3
179.4
177.1
170.1
116.7
128.6
139.9
150.7
172.8
173.1
172.1
105.0
125.1
134.3
147.6
166.5
171.4
168.3
176.8
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
101.1
115.4
123.9
152.6
151.4
152.3
165.3
210.2
102.0
122.4
122.3
150.1
151.6
152.4
181.0
212.7
105.4
121.1
121.7
158.0
151.1
151.0
177.8
108.6
121.1
121.6
155.4
148.8
153.3
181.7
108.9
121.2
123.8
152.2
149.7
158.5
180.1
111.6
122.0
134.2
151.0
148.7
157.7
177.4
114.7
123.4
141.7
150.1
148.9
165.7
174.6
121.5
127.1
143.6
155.0
149.6
169.6
176.0
124.4
129.9
144.7
153.0
150.3
176.6
174.0
129.0
127.7
151.2
152.4
152.7
179.3
182.3
129.3
126.9
152.7
151.9
151.8
187.5
189.0
121.6
126.3
157.7
152.6
152.6
184.3
203.1
114.8
123.7
136.6
152.9
150.6
165.7
180.2
211.5
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
102.5
105.6
115.7
132.6
150.9
163.5
167.3
176.8
102.5
106.4
116.2
132.7
151.0
163.5
169.7
178.3
104.3
107.0
116.6
132.6
151.8
164.3
169.0
105.7
107.3
117.8
133.9
151.4
165.9
169.9
106.7
107.8
119.3
134.9
153.1
164.4
172.9
107.0
108.9
120.6
135.7
157.6
166.6
173.3
107.6
111.7
126.1
145.0
160.2
168.7
176.3
106.6
112.0
125.4
146.3
162.6
170.3
175.4
105.0
111.9
124.8
146.3
164.5
171.1
173.1
104.9
113.3
127.3
147.0
164.7
170.6
172.2
105.0
113.9
128.8
149.3
164.1
170.4
173.0
105.0
114.5
130.9
151.1
163.3
167.0
175.4
105.2
110.0
122.5
140.6
157.9
167.2
172.3
177.6
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
99.5
120.5
131.9
153.4
151.9
172.3
218.5
236.8
106.0
126.5
142.6
154.7
160.8
177.1
237.4
240.8
112.7
130.1
151.8
154.6
165.6
183.5
256.8
115.6
126.6
149.5
151.3
168.9
183.2
261.3
109.8
115.0
148.8
152.4
172.9
186.7
261.7
105.8
118.8
147.8
151.8
169.4
184.8
256.9
108.0
119.8
149.1
151.1
168.5
187.3
248.7
105.4
121.5
149.6
147.8
167.7
187.4
246.1
106.6
126.1
152.3
147.3
172.3
192.1
247.9
113.7
129.1
151.0
148.1
173.6
200.9
259.4
115.6
130.9
150.3
155.1
176.8
213.0
250.8
115.7
130.6
151.2
146.7
174.8
206.2
237.1
109.5
124.6
148.0
151.2
168.6
189.5
248.6
238.8
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
109.4
117.6
132.3
128.9
161.7
172.4
188.6
209.5
109.7
121.0
132.7
128.8
165.5
171.9
198.4
210.5
107.2
118.9
129.3
131.2
160.2
176.3
189.2
108.0
119.1
128.6
133.4
159.9
178.1
193.3
109.7
121.0
130.3
138.5
165.0
182.6
194.9
110.6
121.4
124.0
138.5
166.8
177.8
194.2
108.7
118.7
123.3
140.4
163.4
170.3
184.5
108.7
125.5
127.7
141.9
171.7
171.0
184.1
111.4
126.1
127.2
141.9
177.9
174.6
187.2
113.4
127.5
127.3
143.6
177.8
177.2
200.1
113.5
125.0
125.8
148.6
173.7
176.5
199.9
115.4
127.7
127.7
154.1
173.2
178.3
204.1
110.5
122.5
128.0
139.2
168.1
175.6
193.2
210.0
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
111.1
115.9
134.9
134.5
148.6
153.1
202.8
225.2
109.6
116.2
131.9
134.7
150.1
152.8
208.6
220.5
110.6
118.2
131.6
137.7
151.8
157.8
207.2
112.6
116.5
131.9
137.4
153.0
166.2
205.7
111.2
118.8
130.4
138.2
156.2
169.4
209.3
112.0
119.0
126.9
136.9
155.6
168.1
201.1
111.4
117.6
127.3
138.2
154.5
167.2
194.1
110.7
122.0
126.9
140.5
155.3
171.1
194.1
115.4
126.5
125.9
138.8
154.3
171.9
200.4
117.5
130.6
130.0
142.4
154.1
174.7
210.1
118.2
133.3
131.1
144.6
153.5
183.1
213.8
116.9
135.3
134.0
145.3
153.1
191.9
220.4
113.1
122.5
130.2
139.1
153.3
168.9
205.6
222.9
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
101.8
102.3
125.4
123.9
172.6
173.6
184.6
223.5
101.6
102.9
123.1
123.9
172.9
174.0
186.2
228.4
100.7
105.5
122.1
127.9
177.9
172.9
192.5
101.0
108.2
124.9
123.3
177.1
172.5
197.3
99.7
108.3
123.9
125.1
177.0
173.2
208.1
100.2
110.7
123.7
126.9
176.2
171.5
206.1
99.4
113.7
124.3
137.1
172.4
170.4
208.7
101.8
114.9
121.6
137.0
172.8
170.8
210.1
102.5
116.3
122.1
138.1
174.1
172.0
214.8
102.3
117.0
122.8
139.5
174.2
172.9
215.8
102.7
122.4
122.5
144.2
174.0
181.4
216.1
102.6
123.8
123.9
172.3
174.9
180.3
218.7
101.4
112.2
123.4
134.9
174.7
173.8
204.9
226.0
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
101.0
109.1
122.8
137.9
152.9
165.2
172.5
182.5
101.2
110.8
122.8
137.9
154.1
165.0
174.5
184.5
103.0
111.9
122.8
137.9
154.8
166.3
174.7
104.7
111.8
124.6
139.0
154.5
167.4
176.1
105.1
112.9
125.8
139.8
155.5
168.7
177.4
105.4
115.9
126.1
140.0
158.7
169.3
176.3
106.5
117.8
129.9
144.5
161.2
169.0
176.3
106.3
121.1
130.4
145.6
166.4
171.7
175.4
106.7
122.2
129.9
145.9
169.9
172.6
175.6
110.3
122.9
131.7
147.8
170.5
173.5
177.4
111.3
123.0
132.9
150.1
169.2
175.0
178.2
110.4
121.5
134.6
150.7
166.5
172.3
180.3
106.0
116.7
127.9
143.1
161.2
169.7
176.2
183.5
Barley
Rice
Jowar
Bajra
Maize
Ragi
Cereals

P - 34
Table - 2.24
Pulses : Index Numbers of Wholesale Prices

Commodity
1
Pulses
(Base :2004-05=100)
Feb.
March
13
14
Year
2
April
3
May
4
June
5
July
6
August
7
Sept.
8
Oct.
9
Nov.
10
Dec.
11
Jan.
12
Avg
15
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
98.9
131.0
148.3
147.3
163.2
202.5
189.6
211.0
100.0
134.2
145.7
144.5
165.6
206.2
187.2
218.3
103.1
139.0
144.0
147.3
168.1
206.8
187.5
108.3
139.1
147.6
152.3
179.9
205.8
190.4
110.1
141.1
147.9
159.4
187.2
201.7
193.1
111.7
151.6
146.4
158.3
189.2
196.5
202.2
113.4
166.1
146.7
160.7
193.7
194.1
214.0
119.0
165.2
145.2
161.1
208.0
187.2
215.2
122.5
163.5
142.7
160.6
212.1
187.2
212.9
123.7
156.6
137.3
158.7
219.1
189.9
210.8
123.4
156.3
139.6
160.8
204.1
193.4
208.6
126.0
146.5
147.8
159.1
198.9
191.0
210.3
113.3
149.2
144.9
155.8
190.8
196.9
201.8
214.7
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
90.9
101.1
118.0
133.5
164.9
224.3
197.9
175.7
93.4
101.4
117.9
129.7
170.1
228.6
191.4
181.0
95.0
103.2
117.9
131.8
181.1
225.6
183.8
101.0
100.7
121.7
138.3
206.8
222.8
180.5
101.9
102.8
126.3
146.3
220.3
199.4
176.4
102.0
111.0
126.2
147.1
221.3
203.2
183.0
102.3
113.2
127.4
148.9
224.7
196.9
184.9
102.8
110.3
131.2
148.4
237.2
185.6
181.5
98.5
110.6
131.4
148.4
236.2
181.7
181.4
98.6
112.0
130.2
148.7
262.7
190.4
182.8
93.7
118.0
128.6
153.8
231.0
202.8
178.3
96.5
115.4
136.2
156.4
220.1
199.4
176.5
98.1
108.3
126.1
144.3
214.7
205.1
183.2
178.4
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
108.1
154.0
162.6
132.4
161.5
316.0
254.6
236.8
109.7
158.2
157.8
130.7
167.6
322.9
251.2
235.7
111.5
159.8
147.3
133.4
177.2
327.2
248.2
115.6
155.5
149.2
141.4
189.8
309.5
248.5
116.2
152.8
145.6
154.9
198.1
305.0
248.3
116.3
159.1
142.3
159.3
222.7
270.7
249.1
117.3
168.1
138.1
160.5
237.0
257.4
251.8
124.5
165.1
133.9
161.1
267.2
243.5
239.3
125.3
164.9
130.3
157.2
292.5
248.7
240.5
131.4
160.8
125.4
157.7
301.9
258.6
230.3
139.9
163.8
129.6
158.7
290.6
255.4
234.2
144.1
161.5
132.1
157.7
299.5
250.4
237.1
121.7
160.3
141.2
150.4
233.8
280.4
244.4
236.3
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
105.1
171.8
179.2
148.5
178.7
261.6
256.8
215.7
110.4
179.2
173.8
145.4
180.0
275.7
257.9
214.8
114.3
186.1
170.6
147.3
183.2
287.2
258.3
117.1
184.9
171.8
154.3
196.4
294.2
244.5
119.6
187.9
170.5
161.3
211.9
294.9
237.0
122.3
200.0
166.0
163.4
215.4
292.6
240.1
129.1
217.3
165.1
164.0
233.7
285.5
245.7
149.7
209.3
151.4
163.7
263.5
260.2
242.0
154.5
201.7
146.4
164.7
273.9
255.5
228.4
148.0
187.5
137.9
165.8
283.1
252.1
227.4
150.6
190.5
137.6
168.6
266.1
250.1
222.8
152.3
179.8
146.9
170.4
255.3
251.4
219.1
131.1
191.3
159.8
159.8
228.4
271.8
240.0
215.3
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
98.4
127.6
150.3
153.3
150.6
143.9
152.5
224.7
98.5
130.8
147.0
150.1
151.0
144.1
151.9
236.9
102.1
138.0
146.2
152.5
147.9
143.2
157.2
108.1
141.1
150.4
154.6
154.2
145.2
169.1
110.5
144.5
150.1
159.6
155.9
149.2
178.8
112.9
158.2
149.4
155.2
152.6
146.6
193.8
114.0
180.7
150.7
157.4
152.3
149.5
215.4
117.4
183.4
151.2
157.3
159.2
151.8
224.1
125.6
182.0
148.1
155.4
156.4
154.9
222.5
126.5
171.5
142.3
150.3
155.1
155.4
219.7
125.2
166.5
146.7
151.1
146.4
159.2
217.8
128.1
149.5
155.4
148.7
144.3
156.6
222.5
113.9
156.2
149.0
153.8
152.2
150.0
193.8
230.8
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
95.7
115.9
132.9
164.8
207.6
219.9
170.8
170.0
92.8
117.1
137.5
165.7
211.5
219.3
162.9
180.1
96.3
116.2
141.7
174.3
214.1
213.1
157.7
100.1
113.3
148.3
183.6
221.3
208.4
156.2
101.3
112.8
149.9
192.7
230.9
195.0
157.0
102.0
113.4
149.1
193.0
229.5
190.8
160.9
102.3
113.7
149.8
203.1
226.3
191.4
164.1
104.0
111.8
148.7
208.2
236.6
184.5
161.3
101.3
111.6
149.9
217.3
250.7
177.3
164.0
112.7
115.5
142.2
219.9
252.0
178.2
168.1
111.5
116.4
142.1
223.4
239.0
179.2
165.4
110.1
121.9
156.1
207.9
218.4
176.3
164.9
102.5
115.0
145.7
196.2
228.2
194.5
162.8
175.1
Tur (Arhar)
Moong
Urad
Gram
Masur (Lentil)

P - 35
Table - 2.25
Oilseeds : Index Numbers of Wholesale Prices

Commodity
1
Oilseeds
Year
2
April
3
92.8
2005-06
86.8
2006-07
107.2
2007-08
127.5
2008-09
130.1
2009-10
138.6
2010-11
2011-12
152.5
2012-13
177.9
Rapeseed/Mustard
95.1
2005-06
91.9
2006-07
103.1
2007-08
130.5
2008-09
133.4
2009-10
136.5
2010-11
2011-12
130.1
2012-13
173.3
Safflower seed
88.8
2005-06
87.6
2006-07
98.0
2007-08
104.9
2008-09
122.2
2009-10
122.2
2010-11
2011-12
142.4
2012-13
134.9
Groundnut
96.0
2005-06
95.4
2006-07
133.9
2007-08
146.4
2008-09
146.4
2009-10
162.0
2010-11
2011-12
183.6
2012-13
230.5
Soyabean
90.0
2005-06
73.1
2006-07
94.8
2007-08
127.2
2008-09
138.7
2009-10
139.9
2010-11
2011-12
139.8
2012-13
182.7
Sunflowerseed
101.2
2005-06
91.9
2006-07
117.6
2007-08
138.4
2008-09
124.5
2009-10
120.1
2010-11
2011-12
166.0
2012-13
168.9
Gingelly seed/Sesamum seed
101.4
2005-06
113.4
2006-07
131.5
2007-08
169.1
2008-09
174.5
2009-10
253.2
2010-11
2011-12
198.1
2012-13
256.1
Nigerseed
86.9
2005-06
79.5
2006-07
163.0
2007-08
256.2
2008-09
206.5
2009-10
140.8
2010-11
2011-12
147.5
2012-13
183.8
(Base :2004-05=100)
Feb.
March
13
14
May
4
June
5
July
6
August
7
Sept.
8
Oct.
9
Nov.
10
Dec.
11
Jan.
12
92.3
88.5
107.9
129.9
134.6
137.7
154.3
183.9
92.5
89.6
109.2
136.2
134.9
137.7
155.4
93.6
89.7
111.9
137.9
134.1
137.1
156.2
92.2
90.3
111.4
135.8
135.0
138.4
161.3
92.4
91.8
111.2
133.0
133.4
139.7
160.3
92.0
91.7
110.1
130.8
130.3
140.1
154.5
91.8
95.2
110.5
131.1
134.4
138.6
154.6
85.4
100.7
112.6
128.6
137.4
141.9
156.9
86.3
101.3
117.4
129.3
140.0
144.9
163.4
86.9
103.8
119.3
126.2
139.2
150.2
164.3
86.1
104.5
129.9
127.7
136.2
151.0
171.3
90.4
94.5
113.2
131.2
135.0
141.3
158.8
180.9
94.7
93.1
103.4
133.5
137.4
136.2
132.2
179.9
94.7
93.8
104.6
147.9
137.8
136.7
139.7
96.2
94.4
106.1
151.7
139.0
133.6
143.6
96.4
95.3
107.0
151.2
140.3
133.3
149.3
96.1
95.4
107.1
150.1
138.1
133.1
152.2
95.3
95.4
107.5
151.3
139.2
134.3
150.4
94.8
98.2
110.4
151.2
139.9
134.2
149.8
93.7
101.8
111.2
151.5
144.3
134.6
157.9
92.5
102.2
124.3
148.1
144.3
136.9
164.6
92.5
100.5
126.7
134.0
140.2
136.9
162.7
91.9
100.8
138.7
131.7
136.7
134.8
164.7
94.5
96.9
112.5
144.4
139.2
135.1
149.8
176.6
90.8
87.4
98.0
118.7
122.2
122.2
143.3
149.2
91.2
87.5
98.0
122.2
122.2
122.2
141.0
86.9
87.1
98.0
122.2
122.2
122.2
146.9
89.2
87.3
100.0
122.2
122.2
137.3
154.5
87.3
87.3
105.8
122.2
122.2
136.5
155.4
89.6
85.5
105.8
122.2
122.2
138.3
126.8
86.0
85.1
105.3
122.2
122.2
137.1
126.6
84.2
88.2
105.6
122.2
122.2
140.1
129.1
92.9
89.6
105.1
122.2
122.2
144.7
130.9
93.4
87.9
104.9
122.2
122.2
148.0
130.9
88.0
91.9
111.8
122.2
122.2
144.8
132.6
89.0
87.7
103.0
120.5
122.2
134.6
138.4
142.1
96.3
98.8
136.6
150.6
146.0
163.4
188.8
235.0
97.1
100.4
141.9
155.1
145.1
163.4
191.5
102.1
101.7
146.5
149.2
140.2
166.3
194.4
98.7
101.4
145.5
150.4
141.4
173.5
203.3
99.9
103.0
145.1
139.5
144.6
178.4
205.0
101.8
104.0
140.1
139.9
141.5
172.1
196.9
103.3
110.3
134.1
137.8
152.0
158.6
191.3
91.5
116.4
136.1
141.7
156.0
157.6
192.4
89.8
122.5
136.7
142.1
153.7
154.3
208.4
91.6
128.2
140.9
137.8
156.0
156.9
214.0
93.5
132.2
146.5
141.3
152.9
171.3
230.6
96.8
109.5
140.3
144.3
148.0
164.8
200.0
232.8
87.5
75.5
95.1
127.8
153.0
137.0
141.3
202.5
90.0
76.2
95.2
131.7
152.4
132.7
141.4
88.9
76.6
95.7
135.5
143.2
126.6
136.7
87.0
74.7
93.6
129.6
140.3
117.8
141.1
87.7
74.0
94.4
130.1
135.2
117.1
136.8
84.0
73.8
94.8
125.0
129.1
117.1
124.8
82.0
78.7
98.1
133.3
137.8
118.2
129.5
66.8
91.3
100.5
119.0
137.8
125.9
137.2
72.8
84.0
111.8
128.0
143.5
128.1
148.8
74.7
87.3
104.6
132.6
144.0
140.0
150.9
73.0
88.4
129.2
137.2
139.9
140.2
161.0
82.0
79.5
100.7
129.8
141.2
128.4
140.8
192.6
101.6
91.5
115.3
137.7
129.1
121.2
161.6
174.7
101.6
94.5
118.5
141.1
127.0
121.0
159.9
104.9
98.1
131.2
141.9
124.2
120.6
169.4
104.6
96.0
126.8
134.4
124.4
129.9
165.3
103.9
94.6
129.1
135.7
122.5
122.2
166.9
91.8
85.5
132.5
130.2
119.0
139.6
156.5
89.4
88.2
132.8
126.1
115.3
147.7
156.4
89.6
106.7
131.2
121.6
125.3
162.6
161.6
88.5
124.3
142.7
119.6
132.3
166.1
160.4
87.0
128.2
152.0
121.3
125.2
173.9
160.7
87.6
120.2
154.2
122.2
127.8
164.3
167.8
96.0
101.6
132.0
130.9
124.7
140.8
162.7
171.8
103.5
114.9
121.5
177.6
194.4
246.9
194.8
257.9
101.8
116.8
123.1
176.4
201.6
252.0
178.1
102.5
115.4
126.3
173.5
242.0
254.4
187.0
97.0
114.1
129.2
162.7
249.2
249.7
187.6
98.6
122.8
132.5
159.6
247.4
240.9
183.4
101.7
128.4
127.1
159.8
247.4
242.7
201.4
109.6
134.0
128.8
162.8
251.2
245.6
212.2
107.2
127.5
137.8
168.2
254.4
249.7
214.9
108.2
124.4
137.6
163.5
252.5
247.4
220.2
109.2
129.3
157.5
160.3
246.2
247.4
230.3
111.9
138.1
164.9
160.2
241.5
240.3
237.5
104.4
123.3
134.8
166.1
233.5
247.5
203.8
257.0
87.5
78.7
179.4
257.5
207.2
139.5
147.0
195.8
89.1
81.0
166.9
283.7
181.4
136.8
147.3
90.5
87.5
177.7
274.3
167.7
134.1
176.0
89.3
92.6
211.9
243.6
163.4
134.1
175.8
89.3
98.7
197.7
232.8
161.7
137.5
177.1
81.7
97.6
183.8
201.6
151.6
141.7
174.9
83.6
99.9
144.9
200.4
149.4
161.0
169.0
83.3
102.4
146.0
182.4
152.6
161.0
171.7
82.0
110.1
153.1
180.4
172.8
148.1
177.1
82.6
135.1
220.6
206.6
168.3
142.2
167.7
81.2
162.0
267.7
217.6
146.6
146.2
174.4
85.6
102.1
184.4
228.1
169.1
143.6
167.1
189.8

Avg
15
P - 36
Table - 2.26
Edible Oils : Index Numbers of Wholesale Prices
(Base :2004-05=100)
Commodity
1
Edible Oil
Year
2
April
3
May
4
June
5
July
6
August Sept.
7
8
Oct.
9
Nov.
10
Dec.
11
Jan.
12
Feb.
13
March
14
Avg
15
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
94.8
96.7
111.0
124.0
114.2
114.3
129.7
144.1
94.3
98.2
111.2
123.2
115.9
114.4
132.1
146.0
93.9
98.8
112.1
126.7
114.6
115.2
133.4
95.3
99.9
114.6
127.8
113.9
116.5
133.7
95.4
102.0
114.7
125.6
114.2
118.2
135.6
95.2
102.5
114.4
123.9
113.3
119.7
136.3
94.7
102.4
114.4
122.0
112.3
119.9
135.4
94.2
103.3
115.0
119.7
113.7
121.0
135.3
93.1
105.4
116.2
119.8
115.9
122.4
137.0
92.4
106.5
119.6
117.1
116.0
127.2
139.2
92.7
106.9
121.8
115.3
114.5
129.4
139.3
93.0
106.8
127.2
113.5
114.0
128.8
141.6
94.1
102.5
116.0
121.6
114.4
120.6
135.7
145.1
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
95.1
91.9
103.1
117.5
114.5
111.4
122.7
151.6
94.7
93.1
103.4
117.8
115.6
111.8
124.9
151.4
94.7
93.8
104.6
124.6
114.2
112.3
126.7
96.2
94.4
106.1
126.8
115.3
113.6
129.2
96.4
95.3
107.0
124.0
114.9
116.0
135.5
96.1
95.4
107.1
123.0
112.7
116.2
137.1
95.3
95.4
107.5
122.0
112.9
116.1
136.7
94.8
98.2
110.4
121.3
115.8
116.3
138.3
93.7
101.8
111.2
122.7
118.8
116.9
141.7
92.5
102.2
114.0
129.6
119.3
121.5
145.5
92.5
100.5
115.8
122.0
115.1
122.3
144.9
91.9
100.8
121.3
117.0
114.1
121.2
147.5
94.5
96.9
109.3
122.4
115.3
116.3
135.9
151.5
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
95.7
94.5
128.3
135.8
125.1
133.2
149.7
187.7
94.5
96.4
127.9
135.4
123.4
135.4
154.4
192.5
94.7
96.9
131.8
138.4
123.1
140.4
159.3
99.3
101.8
139.7
137.9
125.1
146.5
162.8
100.9
106.2
139.8
134.4
125.2
150.9
165.0
101.8
110.1
138.6
133.0
125.2
154.1
167.0
101.8
110.3
133.6
130.9
125.3
151.0
161.1
99.5
112.0
128.0
129.9
129.9
147.9
159.3
96.0
115.3
130.1
130.8
133.0
148.2
162.6
94.8
119.9
131.7
126.3
134.7
148.1
169.6
92.9
125.7
134.9
121.4
132.3
144.7
173.4
92.5
124.3
138.7
120.6
131.5
142.6
181.8
97.0
109.5
133.6
131.2
127.8
145.3
163.8
190.1
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
93.3
95.9
113.0
129.5
119.3
119.0
140.4
157.8
92.0
97.8
113.9
127.9
119.4
118.8
142.0
158.8
91.6
98.8
114.2
129.6
119.5
119.0
144.4
91.6
100.6
115.3
130.4
117.4
119.5
146.4
91.3
103.5
115.6
130.6
117.1
120.6
148.2
90.7
104.3
115.2
130.1
114.7
120.8
148.5
90.4
104.1
116.6
127.1
114.5
121.7
147.0
89.8
104.2
118.2
123.6
116.6
125.2
145.9
89.3
106.3
120.5
124.1
119.5
126.5
147.1
88.1
107.4
124.3
121.3
118.2
134.5
150.3
88.7
106.5
126.2
120.2
117.4
141.1
151.4
90.9
107.3
130.8
119.7
117.5
140.1
154.5
90.6
103.1
118.7
126.2
117.6
125.6
147.2
158.3
2005-06 93.7
2006-07 97.0
2007-08 119.4
2008-09 127.8
2009-10 113.4
2010-11 113.8
2011-12 126.4
2012-13 134.4
Gingelly Oil/Sesamum Oil
2005-06 91.3
2006-07 90.1
2007-08 105.2
2008-09 138.4
2009-10 128.8
2010-11 131.1
2011-12 141.8
2012-13 156.7
93.8
98.1
121.2
127.9
115.8
112.7
129.1
134.0
94.1
98.2
121.7
129.6
114.3
113.8
129.8
95.4
98.7
125.1
129.7
111.6
114.2
131.0
96.3
101.3
122.1
128.0
112.9
115.2
131.5
94.8
102.3
121.0
126.9
112.1
117.3
131.9
94.9
102.0
122.8
128.2
111.8
120.5
134.8
95.6
105.7
127.3
128.6
112.6
126.4
134.5
94.7
115.4
129.4
126.2
115.8
128.4
134.9
93.5
112.6
128.5
112.1
113.8
128.7
134.9
92.7
113.2
131.3
111.3
111.3
128.3
132.1
93.5
111.5
131.7
112.8
112.5
125.9
133.6
94.4
104.7
125.1
124.1
113.2
120.4
132.0
134.2
90.2
92.1
105.2
135.4
130.4
130.1
143.3
155.9
89.1
91.8
107.2
136.0
128.1
130.8
143.8
90.6
91.3
106.5
141.0
126.8
131.9
143.2
89.8
96.0
105.6
137.4
125.5
134.4
143.9
89.3
97.0
106.0
130.3
126.2
133.6
143.4
88.3
99.3
106.1
125.3
126.4
132.6
143.2
88.9
99.2
109.0
121.9
125.3
130.3
146.6
88.2
100.8
113.0
121.4
126.5
133.6
150.4
87.8
101.8
121.5
123.2
130.9
139.6
151.9
87.3
102.3
131.3
121.3
128.0
141.0
151.5
87.8
104.1
143.7
122.1
132.3
141.7
153.3
89.1
97.2
113.4
129.5
127.9
134.2
146.4
156.3
Mustard Oil
Groundnut Oil
Soyabean Oil
Sunflower Oil

P - 37
Table - 2.27
Availability of Rabi Crops

Wheat Availability and Use
Barley Availability and Use
(in million tonnes)

2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
Beginning Stock ^
16.12
15.32
19.32
Production #
80.80
86.87
93.90
Imports**
0.16
0.19
0.00
Supply
97.08
102.38
113.22
Exports **
0.00
0.00
0.00
Total Consumption*
81.76
83.06
85.00
Ending Stock
15.32
19.32
28.22
18.74
23.26
33.20
Stock to Use Ratio (%)
Notes: # : Production figures are from DAC; for 2011-12 as per
4th Advance Estimates
^ : Beginning stock of 2009-10 as per USDA;
* : Consumption figures are as per USDA
** : Export and Import figures for the year 2011-12 are upto Dec,2011
Sources : DAC, Food Bulletin and DGCIS, Kolkata
(in million tonnes)

2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
Beginning Stock ^
0.20
0.19
0.28
Production #
1.35
1.66
1.61
Imports
0.00
0.00
0.00
Supply
1.55
1.85
1.89
Exports
0.00
0.00
0.00
Total Consumption*
1.35
1.55
1.70
Ending Stock
0.20
0.30
0.19
15.16
19.54
11.18
^ : Beginning stock of 2009-10 as per USDA;
* : Consumption figures are as per USDA
Sources : DAC, Food Bulletin and DGCIS, Kolkata
Gram or Chickpeas Availability and Use

(in million tonnes)
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
Opening Stocks ^
0.42
0.99
1.79
Production #
7.48
8.22
7.58
Imports**
0.33
0.10
0.20
Total Supply
8.23
9.31
9.57
Exports **
0.09
0.20
0.14
Consumption *
7.15
7.32
7.32
Total Usage
7.24
7.52
7.46
Ending Stocks
0.99
1.79
2.11
13.67
23.80
28.28
^ : Opening Stock for 2009-10 as per visionagrico;
* : Consumption figures are as per visionagrico
Sources: DAC, DGCIS, Kolkata and visionagrico
Lentils Availability and Use

(in million tonnes)
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
Opening Stocks ^
0.00
0.09
0.16
Production #
1.03
0.94
0.94
Imports**
0.26
0.16
0.11
Total Supply
1.29
1.19
1.21
Exports **
0.00
0.00
0.00
Consumption *
1.20
1.03
0.90
Total Usage
1.20
1.03
0.90
Ending Stocks
0.09
0.16
0.31
7.50
15.53
34.44
^ : Opening Stock for 2009-10 as per visionagrico;
* : Consumption figures are as per visionagrico
Rape and Mustard Seed Availability and Use

(in million tonnes)
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
Opening Stock
0.75
1.36
3.04
Production
6.61
8.18
6.78
Imports
0.00
0.00
0.00
Total Availability
7.36
9.54
9.82
Crush ^
6.00
6.50
7.08
Exports
0.00
0.00
0.00
Total Usage
6.00
6.50
7.08
Ending Stock
1.36
3.04
2.74
22.67
46.77
38.70
Notes: ^ : Opening Stock for 2009-10 as per visionagrico;
^ : Figures as per trade estimates;
Gram or Chickpeas Availability and Use as per Trade Estimates
(in million tonnes)

2009-10
2010-11
Opening Stocks
0.42
0.40
Production ^
6.89
7.33
Imports
0.33
0.10
Total Supply
7.64
7.83
Exports #
0.09
0.20
Consumption
7.15
7.32
Total Usage
7.24
7.52
Ending Stocks
0.40
0.31
5.52
4.12
Notes: # : For 2011-12, during Apr-Dec period exports were
137,035 tonnes (DGCIS), trade estimates Kabuli exports
during Apr-Mar at 198,000 tonne.
^ : visionagrico research production figures
Source: visionagrico research, Trade, DGCIS
2011-12
0.31
6.95
0.20
7.46
0.20
7.32
7.52
-0.06
-0.80
Lentils Availability and Use as per Trade Estimates

(in million tonnes)
2009-10
2010-11
Opening Stocks
0.00
0.06
Production
1.00
0.89
Imports
0.26
0.16
Total Supply
1.26
1.11
Exports
0.00
0.00
Consumption
1.20
1.03
Total Usage
1.20
1.03
Ending Stocks
0.06
0.08
5.00
7.77
Source: visionagrico research, Trade, DGCIS
2011-12
0.08
0.75
0.11
0.94
0.00
0.90
0.90
0.04
4.44
Rape and Mustard Seed Availability and Use as per Trade

(in million tonnes)
2009-10
2010-11
Opening Stock
0.75
0.75
Production
6.00
7.00
Imports
0.00
0.00
Total Availability
6.75
7.75
Crush
6.00
6.50
Exports
0.00
0.00
Total Usage
6.00
6.50
Ending Stock
0.75
1.25
12.50
19.23
Sources: visionagrico, trade, SEA, Sopa and DGCIS
2011-12
1.25
6.15
0.00
7.40
7.08
0.00
7.08
0.32
4.52
P - 38
Table - 3.1
Indices of International Commodity Prices

Commodity
Non-fuel Commodities*
Food
Cereals
Wheat
Maize
Rice
Barley
Vegetable oils and
Protein meals
Soyabeans
Soyabean meal
Soyabean oil
Palm oil
Sunflower oil
Groundnuts
Cotton
(2005=100; in terms of U.S. Dollars)

Quarterly Averages 2012
Monthly Avg
Percentage Change
2010
2011
1st
2nd
May, 2012 June, 2012 June,2011 to May,2012 to
June,2012
June,2012
Weights
2009
36.9
16.7
3.6
1.7
1.0
0.6
0.3
127.4
134.0
162.4
146.6
168.2
204.8
135.0
161.0
149.4
166.5
146.7
189.0
180.9
166.6
189.6
178.8
231.2
207.4
296.5
191.7
217.9
172.8
168.8
216.6
182.9
282.2
192.0
226.7
170.1
171.0
215.7
176.4
274.4
209.0
247.1
169.3
169.7
214.7
173.4
273.1
212.8
249.3
165.7
168.8
217.0
181.2
271.6
210.6
242.5
-14.7
-7.0
-8.8
-15.4
-13.9
17.0
9.7
-2.1
-0.5
-1.0
4.5
-0.6
-1.0
-2.7
4.4
1.2
0.8
0.4
0.7
0.2
0.2
0.7
154.0
169.7
174.6
158.8
175.2
91.0
129.3
113.7
170.4
172.5
161.0
186.6
233.9
103.6
161.1
187.7
209.1
217.0
184.1
245.2
292.8
141.7
224.2
280.2
202.5
209.1
181.0
235.2
287.7
129.2
240.6
182.1
216.8
234.9
221.0
233.0
282.5
125.9
240.2
163.6
214.6
233.5
223.3
228.9
280.4
125.9
210.6
160.5
211.2
234.1
225.5
221.4
252.3
125.9
235.6
149.0
-1.2
4.5
18.5
-12.2
-13.8
-15.3
2.0
-48.8
-1.6
0.3
1.0
-3.2
-10.0
0.0
11.9
-7.2
* : Weights are based on 2002-2004 average world export earnings.

Source : International Monetary Fund.
P - 39
Table - 3.2
International Commodity Prices (Wholesale)

Annual averages
Jan-Dec Jan-Dec Jan-Dec
2007
2008
2009
5
6
7
Jan-Dec
2006
4
111.8
237.7
205.1
109.8
186.5
156.9
144.4
98.7
286.3
217.8
96.2
197.6
152.4
135.7
121.9
304.9
218.0
122.9
216.8
192.0
159.0
163.7
326.4
272.3
162.7
300.4
255.2
238.6
223.1
650.2
482.3
207.8
454.6
326.0
271.5
165.5
555.0
326.4
151.1
300.5
224.1
186.0
185.9
488.9
383.7
165.4
312.4
223.6
229.7
291.7
543.0
458.6
268.7
439.6
316.3
285.9
273.9
562.8
533.6
256.1
n.a.
273.9
255.4
312.6
493.1
419.2
270.5
474.6
339.3
301.9
302.1
567.7
476.2
287.5
429.8
315.6
270.5
269.3
600.1
527.6
261.8
405.2
279.7
250.5
277.7
542.5
520.4
269.6
378.1
278.8
258.9
270.2
583.2
546.8
235.8
n.a.
269.0
251.8
274.0
547.8
533.3
254.9
n.a.
266.3
254.6
269.3
600.5
561.8
216.7
n.a.
264.4
251.3
267.3
601.3
545.3
n.a.
n.a.
276.2
249.5
660.8
1161.0
471.3
241.2
616.0
306.5
617.0
1060.0
422.1
214.4
544.9
274.7
606.9
970.2
478.4
209.2
598.6
268.6
918.9
1352.1
780.3
308.4
881.4
384.0
1224.0
2131.1
948.5
424.4
1258.3
522.8
725
480
1,184
683
408
849
1,124
1,404
901
378
1,005
450
1,730
1,985
1,125
398
1,299
541
1,293
n.a.
1,097
440
1,244
545
1,996
1,830
1,147
400
1,311
557
1,474
2,142
1,079
399
1,324
553
1,377
2,245
1,025
357
1,214
488
1,400
n.a.
1,107
392
1,253
518
1,186
n.a.
1,088
487
1,235
571
1,348
n.a.
1,181
463
1,310
575
1,155
2,555
1,085
496
1,218
573
1,056
2,520
998
503
1,178
566
III Cotton `A' Index

1366.0
1217.0
1267.0
1395.0
1574.0
1382.0
2283.4
3329.0
2102.0
3867.0
2594.0
2284.0
2215.0
Coconut oil (c.i.f. Rotterdam)
Maize (US), no. 2, yellow, f.o.b. US Gulf ports
Groundnut meal (c.i.f. Rotterdam)
Rice (Thai), 5% broken,(f.o.b.Bangkok)
Groundnut oil (any origin), c.i.f. Rotterdam
Rice (Thai), 100% broken,(f.o.b.Bangkok)
Palm oil (Malaysian), 5% bulk, c.i.f. N. W. Europe
Sorghum (US), no. 2 milo yellow, f.o.b. Gulf ports
Soybean oil (Dutch), crude, f.o.b. ex-mill
Wheat (Canadian), no. 1, Western Red Spring (CWRS), in store, St. Lawrence, export price
Soybeans (US), c.i.f. Rotterdam
Soybean meal (any origin), Argentine 45/46% extraction, c.i.f. Rotterdam; prior to 1990, US 44%
Wheat (US), no. 1, hard red winter, ordinary protein, export price delivered at the Gulf port for prompt or 30 days shipment
Wheat (US), no. 2, soft red winter, export price delivered at the Gulf port for prompt or 30 days shipment
1989.0
2203.0
1952.0
II. Fats and Oils ($/mt)

Coconut oil
Groundnut oil
Palm oil
Soyabean meal
Soyabean oil
Soyabeans
Source : World Bank.
Jan-Dec Jan-June Apr-June

2011
2012
2011
9
10
11
Monthly Averages
Apr
May
June
2012
2012
2012
16
17
18
Jan-Dec
2005
3
Commodity/Unit
1
I. Grains ($/mt)
Maize
Rice,Thai, 5 %
Rice,Thai, A1.Special
Sorghum
Wheat, Canada
Wheat, US, HRW
Wheat, US, SRW
Jan-Dec
2010
8
Quarterly Averages
Jul-Sep Oct-Dec Jan-Mar Apr-June
2011
2011
2012
2012
12
13
14
15
Jan-Dec
2004
2
1811.0
P - 40
Table - 3.3
International and Domestic Wholesale Price (Quarterly)
Year
Wheat
Wheat
HRW
SRW
Internatio Internatio
2007-08 Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
2008-09 Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
2009-10 Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
2010-11 Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
2011-12 Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Note:
nal
206
275
342
412
347
318
228
232
251
209
205
195
177
238
284
330
339
316
280
279
nal
187
268
326
384
278
242
183
187
196
165
196
194
187
253
285
321
302
271
250
259
Wheat
Wheat
Domestic
Domestic
Hapur
217
238
256
270
248
236
214
223
221
224
281
280
243
257
273
278
262
242
217
223
Khanna
209
228
242
249
240
227
204
217
221
222
254
272
245
240
244
257
251
249
224
223
Barley
Barley
Gram
Gram
Lentil
Lentil
Internatio Domestic Internatio Domestic Internatio Domestic

nal
168
174
195
217
239
217
130
116
130
122
145
144
147
162
181
198
209
210
211
216
Jaipur
168
222
286
290
263
247
193
162
167
156
187
191
204
225
279
292
272
244
198
232
nal
576
576
590
667
642
633
392
426
465
482
538
518
498
481
520
538
598
693
678
681
Bhopal
529
534
548
569
524
674
400
392
403
434
481
443
420
448
479
523
507
586
639
631
nal
593
625
625
665
692
1075
896
679
758
989
858
900
828
737
982
850
817
622
618
643
Sagar
594
790
602
691
588
731
820
951
1004
854
897
798
804
645
932
810
637
590
573
558
(us$/mt)
Rapeseed Rapeseed
oil
oil (Crude)
Internatio Domestic
nal(Crude)
866
1008
1295
1537
1595
1519
1044
780
871
863
910
909
882
997
1260
1423
1420
1354
1265
1280
1 Wheat (US), no. 1, hard red winter, ordinary protein, export price delivered at the US Gulf port for prompt or 30 days shipment
2 Wheat (US), no. 2, soft red winter, export price delivered at the US Gulf port for prompt or 30 days shipment
3 Barley (Canada), feed, Western No. 1, Winnipeg Commodity Exchange, spot, wholesale farmers' price
Sources: 1
2
3
4
5
6
Bloomberg; US Department of Agriculture; World Bank.for HRW

US Department of Agriculture; World Bank. For SRW
Gram and Lentil international prices from NAFED
Bloomberg; World Bank.for Barley
Rapeseed oil price from Mundi index (Primary source from IMF)
Domestic wholesale Prices from DES
Jaipur
1364
1415
1470
1535
1376
1492
1458
1440
1159
1152
1253
1231
1251
1334
1511
1437
1675
1636
1694
1749
P - 41
Table - 3.4
Comparison of Unit Value of Export of Wheat with MSP
Year
Quantity
1990-91
1991-92
1992-93
1993-94
1994-95
1995-96
1996-97
1997-98
1998-99
1999-00
2000-01
2001-02
2002-03
2003-04
2004-05
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
(April to Oct-2011)
139.47
586.52
36.75
0.39
86.63
632.47
1145.90
1.52
1.76
0.00
813.49
2649.38
3671.25
4093.08
2009.35
746.18
46.64
0.24
1.51
0.02
0.5
172.4
Value
Unit Value
3114
14438
1021
21
4234
36676
69845
223
246
278
538
489
580
610
135
0
41509
133021
175977
237825
144159
55701
3528
24
188
4
60
24587
767
510
502
479
581
717
746
756
1000
1245
2000
1154
1426
Quantity : '000 tonnes

Value : in Rs. Lakhs
Unit Value/MSP : Rs. / Qtl
MSP
+/over MSP
215
225
275
330
350
360
380
475
510
550
580
610
620
620
630
640
700
850
1000
1080
1100
1170
Note : Inclusive of Durum wheat, seed and other wheat

Source : DGCI&S, Kolkata,
8.3
21.2
2.8
208.5
138.7
219.9
229.5
257.0
-550.0
-69.7
-107.9
-140.7
-39.0
87.4
106.5
56.4
150.0
245.0
920.0
53.8
256.4
P - 42
Table - 3.5
Export and Import of Foodgrains

Year
1
Rice
2
Wheat
3
Exports
Total
Pulses
Cereals
4
5
Total
Foodgrains
6
Rice
Wheat
Quantity (in '000 Tonnes)

Imports
Total
Pulses
Total
Cereals
Foodgrains
9
10
11
1990-91
504.99
139.47
651.49
15.11
666.60
66.04
63.61
128.86
1273.43
1402.29
1991-92
678.47
586.52
1350.67
25.78
1376.45
12.12
12.12
312.61
324.73
1992-93
580.41
36.75
634.21
34.31
668.52
102.38
1363.70
1466.08
382.62
1848.70
1993-94
1092.42
0.39
892.81
43.60
936.41
75.52
241.70
317.22
627.96
945.18
1994-95
890.63
86.63
1061.46
50.71
1112.17
6.99
0.54
7.53
554.08
561.61
1995-96
4914.01
632.47
5574.93
61.36
5636.29
0.08
8.24
8.33
485.65
493.98
1996-97
2512.20
1145.90
3728.57
55.15
3783.72
612.68
612.84
654.79
1267.63
1997-98
2389.06
1.52
2403.20
170.76
2573.96
0.05
1485.78
1486.27
1008.15
2494.42
1998-99
4963.68
1.76
4974.82
103.90
5078.72
6.65
1803.70
1812.35
563.53
2375.88
1999-00
1896.17
1906.24
192.17
2098.41
34.99
1365.97
1605.78
252.82
1858.60
2000-01
1531.29
813.49
2393.00
244.26
2637.26
13.19
4.22
46.61
350.57
397.18
2001-02
2208.56
2649.38
4994.91
161.64
5156.55
0.06
1.35
5.87
2232.29
2238.16
2002-03
4967.87
3671.25
8828.13
151.36
8979.49
0.87
0.28
1.26
1995.33
1996.59
2003-04
3412.06
4093.08
8069.40
153.88
8223.28
0.54
1.24
2.04
1723.33
1725.37
2004-05
4778.10
2009.35
7908.35
271.18
8179.53
0.00
1.39
2.88
1339.45
1342.33
2005-06
4088.17
746.18
5372.79
447.80
5820.59
0.26
0.49
23.19
1696.52
1719.71
2006-07
4747.95
46.64
5515.57
250.71
5766.28
0.16
6079.56
5781.19
2270.89
8052.08
2007-08
6469.44
0.24
9657.15
154.42
9811.57
0.15
1793.21
1798.56
2830.53
4629.09
2008-09
2488.30
1.51
6158.18
138.65
6296.83
0.09
0.02
12.04
1338.60
1350.64
2009-10
2156.41
0.02
4948.74
100.55
5049.29
0.07
164.38
186.40
1854.18
2040.58
2010-11
2271.87
0.52
5378.98
208.44
5587.42
0.19
184.28
200.94
2698.66
2899.60
2011-12
2269.13
172.37
4228.65
122.76
4351.41
0.69
5.58
1824.27
1829.85
(April to Oct-2011)
Source: DGCI&S, Kolkata, Ministry of Commerce and Industry
P - 43
Table - 3.6
Export and Import of Pulses
Year
1
1980-81
1981-82
1982-83
1983-84
1984-85
1985-86
1986-87
1987-88
1988-89
1989-90
1990-91
1991-92
1992-93
1993-94
1994-95
1995-96
1996-97
1997-98
1998-99
1999-00
2000-01
2001-02
2002-03
2003-04
2004-05
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
Qty.
2
1.09
0.95
1.71
6.37
3.79
0.57
5.37
9.18
10.10
13.14
15.11
25.78
34.31
43.60
50.71
61.36
55.15
170.76
103.90
192.17
244.26
161.62
151.36
153.88
271.18
447.80
250.71
154.42
138.65
100.55
208.44
122.76
Exports
Value
3
0.35
0.34
0.87
0.66
2.56
0.46
4.77
6.41
11.50
15.98
17.93
39.04
53.44
73.59
90.41
131.81
131.58
360.80
223.03
419.65
537.58
369.20
351.37
328.60
602.57
1116.07
778.97
527.42
547.80
408.390
861.420
726.890
Quantity (in '000 tonnes)

Value (in Rs. Crore)
Unit Value (in Rs./Kg.)
Imports
Unit Value
Qty.
Value
Unit Value
4
5
6
7
3.21
172.96
29.76
1.72
3.58
128.07
44.34
3.46
5.09
102.36
36.68
3.58
1.04
227.90
82.85
3.64
6.75
235.39
100.70
4.28
8.07
431.44
189.06
4.38
8.88
624.79
233.66
3.74
6.98
612.40
272.02
4.44
11.39
755.56
1190.01
15.75
12.16
469.90
228.35
4.86
11.87
1273.43
481.17
3.78
15.14
312.61
254.77
8.15
15.58
382.62
334.38
8.74
16.88
627.96
566.85
9.03
17.83
554.08
593.37
10.71
21.48
485.65
685.55
14.12
23.86
654.79
890.34
13.60
21.13
1008.15
1194.67
11.85
21.47
563.53
708.81
12.58
21.84
252.82
358.25
14.17
22.01
350.57
500.06
14.26
22.84
2232.29
3163.72
14.17
23.21
1995.33
2741.05
13.74
21.35
1723.33
2284.87
13.26
22.22
1339.45
1777.58
13.27
24.92
1696.52
2477.29
14.60
31.07
2270.89
3891.91
17.14
34.16
2830.53
5367.89
18.96
39.51
1338.60
3691.90
27.58
40.62
1854.18
7220.72
38.94
41.33
2698.66
7149.62
26.49
59.21
1824.273
4673.47
25.62
(April to Oct-2011)
Source: DGCI&S, Kolkata, Ministry of Commerce and Industry
P - 44
Table - 3.7
Import of Edible Oils
YEAR
1
1990-91
1991-92
1992-93
1993-94
1994-95
1995-96
1996-97
1997-98
1998-99
1999-00
2000-01
2001-02
2002-03
2003-04
2004-05
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
(April to Oct-2011)
Quantity
2
525.80
226.05
102.77
114.36
346.75
1161.00
1406.00
1265.75
2621.85
4195.64
4177.17
4321.83
4365.03
5290.30
4751.19
4288.11
4269.38
4903.39
6719.88
6933.81
6905.43
4829.55
Quantity (in '000 tonnes)

Value (in Rs. Crore)
Unit Value (in Rs./Kg.)
Edible oils
Value
Unit Value
3
4
325.79
6.20
247.79
10.96
166.88
16.24
166.63
14.57
624.24
18.00
2261.93
19.48
2929.19
20.83
2764.67
21.84
7588.93
28.94
8046.05
19.18
5976.53
14.31
6464.97
14.96
8779.64
20.11
11683.24
22.08
11076.89
23.31
8960.99
20.90
9539.90
22.34
10301.08
21.01
15837.47
23.57
26483.32
38.19
29860.40
43.24
26526.35
54.93
Source : DGCI&S, Kolkata,

P - 45
Table - 4.1
State-wise profitability (Net Revenue) over actual Cost of Production

( Average of 2008-09 to 2010-11)
WHEAT
State
Bihar
Chhattisgarh
Gujarat
Haryana
Himachal Pradesh
Jharkhand
Maharashtra
Madhya Pradesh
Punjab
Rajasthan
Uttrakhand
Uttar Pradesh
West Bengal
ALL-INDIA wt.ave
Cost A2+FL
(Rs./ha.)
15535
12387
17579
21797
10243
17491
24084
13775
20411
19664
17110
20688
24466
19092
Cost C2
(Rs./ha.)
21959
19018
25598
40489
16167
22113
33838
24747
38897
31100
32341
33821
32037
31889
GVO
(Rs./ha.)
29409
19963
41939
58385
15031
15794
35407
35700
52598
51475
47622
43601
27541
43424
Gross Returns
(Rs./ha.)
13874
7576
24360
36588
4787
-1697
11323
21925
32188
31811
30512
22913
3076
24332
Gross
Net Returns
Returns of
(Rs./ha.)
Revenue (%)
89
61
139
168
47
-10
47
159
158
162
178
111
13
127
Net Returns
of Revenue
(%)
7449
945
16341
17896
-1136
-6319
1569
10953
13702
20375
15281
9780
-4496
11534
34
5
64
44
-7
-29
5
44
35
66
47
29
-14
36
Gross
Net Returns
Returns of
(Rs./ha.)
Revenue (%)
Net Returns
of Revenue
(%)
BARLEY
State
Rajasthan
Uttar Pradesh
ALL-INDIA wt.ave
Cost A2+FL
(Rs./ha.)
17269
16624
16983
Cost C2
(Rs./ha.)
25974
27045
26347
GVO
(Rs./ha.)
37721
34754
36511
Gross Returns
(Rs./ha.)
20452
18130
19527
118
109
115
11747
7709
10163
45
29
39
Gross
Net Returns
Returns of
(Rs./ha.)
Revenue (%)
Net Returns
of Revenue
(%)
GRAM
State
Andhra Pradesh
Bihar
Chhattisgarh
Haryana
Jharkhand
Karnataka
Maharashtra
Madhya Pradesh
Rajasthan
Uttar Pradesh
ALL-INDIA wt.ave
Cost A2+FL
(Rs./ha.)
17339
9735
9585
7763
8290
11211
13532
10743
9122
13438
11604
Cost C2
(Rs./ha.)
26294
16250
15597
13823
12618
15661
19421
18000
13881
22480
18146
GVO
(Rs./ha.)
32299
32497
19995
14434
20248
18199
20994
22948
18783
26692
22386
Gross Returns
(Rs./ha.)
14960
22762
10410
6671
11958
6988
7463
12205
9661
13253
10783
86
234
109
86
144
62
55
114
106
99
93
6006
16247
4398
611
7630
2538
1573
4948
4902
4212
4240
23
100
28
4
60
16
8
27
35
19
23
(Contd)
P - 46
State-wise Returns over actual Cost of Production

( Average of 2008-09 to 2010-11)
LENTIL
State
Bihar
Jharkhand
Madhya Pradesh
Uttrakhand
Uttar Pradesh
West Bengal
ALL-INDIA wt.ave
Cost A2+FL
(Rs./ha.)
Cost C2
(Rs./ha.)
GVO
(Rs./ha.)
Gross Returns
(Rs./ha.)
Net Returns
Gross
Returns of
(Rs./ha.)
Revenue (%)
Net Returns
of Revenue
(%)
7101
4757
8960
13461
10562
15631
27318
21280
23290
20217
16522
14329
285
347
160
13857
10718
7658
103
101
49
11809
13445
10057
22043
20747
18212
29874
28168
26763
18065
14723
16707
153
110
166
7830
7422
8551
36
36
47
Gross
Net Returns
Returns of
(Rs./ha.)
Revenue (%)
Net Returns
of Revenue
(%)
RAPESEED/MUSTARD
State
Assam
Bihar
Gujarat
Haryana
Madhya Pradesh
Rajasthan
Uttar Pradesh
West Bengal
ALL-INDIA wt.ave
Cost A2+FL
(Rs./ha.)
12420
12160
15192
15136
9528
11619
12875
18315
12523
Cost C2
(Rs./ha.)
15861
19510
22412
29282
19679
20299
24578
25437
21840
GVO
(Rs./ha.)
13495
21768
34041
45593
31682
33906
34702
27374
33214
Gross Returns
(Rs./ha.)
1075
9608
18849
30457
22154
22288
21827
9060
20691
9
79
124
201
233
192
170
49
165
-2366
2258
11628
16311
12002
13608
10124
1938
11374
-15
12
52
56
61
67
41
8
52
Gross
Net Returns
Returns of
(Rs./ha.)
Revenue (%)
Net Returns
of Revenue
(%)
SAFFLOWER
State
Maharashtra
Karnataka
ALL-INDIA wt.ave
Cost A2+FL
(Rs./ha.)
11258
5879
9839
Cost C2
(Rs./ha.)
15731
8734
13887
GVO
(Rs./ha.)
17728
9950
15689
Gross Returns
(Rs./ha.)
6469
4072
5850
57
69
59
1997
1216
1802
13
14
13
P - 47
Table 4.2
Month-wise average daily wage rates for Agricultural Labour (Man)

A. P. Assam
1
Bihar
Gujarat Haryana H. P.
Karnataka
Kerala
M. P.
(Rupees)
Maha- Odisha Punjab Rajasthan

rashtra
T. N.
U. P.
W. B.
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
85.35
77.48
78.16
86.94
92.67
89.10
91.48
88.90
90.88
97.57
99.03
98.31
106.13
100.08
109.21
112.55
113.75
111.55
115.21
117.03
118.40
116.48
125.38
137.95
136.03
140.28
131.78
143.43
135.41
125.90
141.17
137.66
136.33
139.76
153.21
176.29
171.15
171.26
174.29
173.70
170.79
174.12
173.87
171.33
176.03
176.55
190.57
176.03
176.55
202.74
194.67
206.72
197.71
77.70
77.82
78.12
78.23
79.12
79.99
80.34
84.33
83.30
83.03
82.97
81.19
82.51
82.32
82.79
84.61
86.09
88.33
87.32
90.86
92.77
96.08
96.27
96.40
96.74
94.92
98.19
97.36
99.77
102.23
104.73
111.56
112.60
112.39
112.89
114.10
117.46
118.36
123.28
122.48
122.44
122.63
127.21
127.90
115.45
127.45
131.04
127.04
127.45
131.27
132.19
132.23
134.12
64.35
65.28
65.45
65.60
65.30
65.16
68.91
69.76
69.83
70.14
71.30
71.42
68.30
68.30
73.32
75.70
75.64
75.40
83.46
86.71
88.57
85.47
86.40
86.55
88.76
89.72
89.99
90.30
92.17
92.10
96.71
97.90
98.06
98.69
99.26
101.85
101.07
99.78
101.36
100.95
101.89
103.22
107.86
110.16
112.83
112.82
119.19
112.83
112.82
123.76
126.25
126.85
128.69
73.62
73.43
73.43
74.23
73.99
73.51
76.26
78.47
77.34
78.67
78.67
78.72
80.07
80.07
78.76
78.56
78.72
78.98
80.72
81.21
82.57
82.76
82.76
82.76
83.98
84.06
85.22
85.77
85.96
85.96
88.07
88.37
87.05
89.14
90.23
91.36
92.19
93.67
93.40
94.33
95.06
96.20
111.84
111.87
113.48
113.30
113.30
113.48
113.30
114.99
115.86
117.12
118.44
111.63
115.52
114.51
115.83
115.50
116.06
121.28
121.96
128.05
130.30
132.54
132.64
133.79
133.79
134.25
140.89
140.79
142.75
160.23
162.87
165.94
163.95
168.01
168.22
171.21
176.23
177.27
177.62
179.09
176.35
181.29
187.85
185.35
187.65
188.07
195.02
196.93
201.61
201.94
203.06
202.98
202.95
205.36
205.50
205.75
205.46
214.29
205.75
205.46
211.76
213.01
209.97
210.38
170.00
170.00
178.33
155.67
151.18
147.07
151.57
160.46
162.22
161.54
163.95
164.72
171.83
171.83
171.83
171.83
169.04
167.44
161.99
166.40
170.17
167.60
165.20
180.42
178.17
178.83
178.56
180.78
177.54
178.87
185.78
189.67
193.33
185.71
184.83
195.22
195.22
206.78
206.78
217.44
211.39
218.33
219.22
231.67
232.22
230.40
232.22
232.22
236.74
240.56
240.56
240.56
241.43
67.15
67.92
69.05
69.80
69.67
70.91
71.46
72.86
72.48
72.54
73.29
72.90
73.90
73.90
76.78
77.16
82.41
83.34
83.55
84.76
85.98
86.37
86.40
87.54
88.12
89.58
90.15
92.76
92.68
92.80
95.17
99.21
103.11
105.67
108.99
111.76
116.44
118.42
119.09
120.22
124.99
126.57
127.62
132.62
136.36
136.67
137.72
135.76
136.66
145.43
146.57
146.32
147.73
202.66
203.76
218.94
218.94
218.73
217.49
219.70
219.70
197.70
224.49
224.49
220.27
221.38
221.38
226.71
238.53
255.19
304.16
308.91
309.95
249.21
252.04
252.04
250.79
258.96
257.71
297.77
297.77
297.77
299.16
307.27
307.27
317.77
329.87
329.87
319.13
334.76
334.76
341.13
341.13
341.13
350.22
359.95
372.33
375.84
391.65
453.74
375.84
391.65
419.56
412.89
417.33
417.33
54.04
55.02
64.57
56.67
56.49
56.73
60.92
61.88
61.41
62.97
62.40
61.33
61.80
61.80
63.52
65.11
64.73
66.07
71.13
70.51
69.26
68.17
71.32
69.79
69.49
70.92
72.65
74.25
74.94
76.40
79.33
80.45
80.32
81.27
83.62
84.43
85.68
86.89
89.25
89.08
89.59
89.90
94.20
97.84
97.88
98.96
98.61
97.88
98.96
100.29
105.61
109.85
108.45
73.34
73.55
73.59
76.07
73.65
77.21
76.66
76.83
79.89
79.40
81.39
82.61
83.83
83.83
84.47
84.67
84.98
87.83
90.19
90.52
94.03
94.74
95.52
95.10
96.37
97.29
97.58
97.38
99.09
106.26
109.78
109.18
110.00
114.63
116.61
119.36
124.18
127.40
131.12
131.32
134.93
139.62
155.95
155.04
151.86
153.35
154.71
151.86
153.35
153.34
155.66
156.01
154.18
76.05
74.52
61.39
62.65
61.20
63.78
67.33
66.35
67.29
67.36
67.85
68.05
68.97
68.97
78.12
86.14
90.19
92.22
89.16
87.56
86.83
85.03
84.37
86.70
86.55
92.38
92.79
95.32
95.33
115.39
105.29
105.74
109.21
117.52
120.96
123.96
125.88
132.63
127.52
133.01
134.85
132.64
132.98
134.07
137.24
135.05
138.34
137.08
135.05
139.90
140.46
144.75
148.45
95.58
95.17
96.56
102.86
106.92
107.86
112.98
112.13
114.08
120.80
119.71
130.63
126.46
126.46
133.00
144.80
127.49
137.02
143.30
138.19
138.19
140.54
134.00
133.49
143.26
141.35
141.35
146.99
147.44
163.59
182.24
176.86
172.42
178.37
176.86
176.21
172.49
165.15
168.57
170.24
211.35
188.77
215.13
211.42
188.57
219.14
222.81
188.57
219.14
235.42
233.24
256.36
243.35
102.64
98.67
93.85
97.27
92.57
120.65
121.44
111.00
102.20
103.89
106.44
109.84
109.79
109.79
138.29
113.61
124.47
137.68
126.25
117.76
116.55
130.16
132.33
113.65
129.15
129.05
119.58
127.59
145.71
126.25
136.37
132.17
192.37
144.36
144.79
145.69
139.58
141.13
148.92
163.06
179.20
171.87
207.55
190.91
154.33
162.22
203.06
154.33
162.22
171.87
197.96
194.16
201.89
100.30
100.91
98.63
99.24
99.73
98.41
102.05
103.65
104.60
106.01
110.86
113.28
113.75
113.75
117.07
117.73
115.91
121.12
124.81
125.36
127.62
136.50
138.37
137.98
136.00
148.01
145.03
145.38
145.38
148.01
158.33
153.03
163.06
166.73
178.20
174.08
175.37
180.82
183.94
185.84
177.58
199.02
199.57
207.55
205.94
208.53
212.64
205.94
208.73
231.27
226.33
230.87
232.34
71.76
72.44
74.15
74.29
75.29
78.16
83.41
79.70
79.13
81.39
81.82
81.14
81.32
81.32
82.46
85.19
86.35
86.92
90.58
92.47
92.21
92.63
94.30
94.89
96.42
97.54
98.33
104.03
101.82
103.21
109.05
110.93
112.23
114.63
115.26
116.53
115.37
118.11
115.67
116.08
116.98
119.25
123.03
121.88
122.51
125.97
129.79
122.51
125.97
136.24
135.02
136.06
138.23
80.16
79.92
80.57
80.64
80.43
81.43
85.53
86.29
85.86
85.91
83.55
87.40
86.10
86.10
87.74
88.85
88.86
89.68
92.73
94.14
95.28
96.57
98.74
99.94
101.16
105.12
105.41
106.50
106.44
106.12
109.56
110.64
114.89
114.81
115.28
118.47
122.45
125.85
126.06
125.53
128.77
129.93
133.11
139.39
140.94
141.60
143.33
140.94
141.60
151.41
151.75
159.38
161.18
15.76
9.54
26.30
24.59
3.65
14.21
18.19
22.34
21.04
14.27
10.08
15.14
12.66
30.84
18.16
25.17
Labour Bureau(Daily Wage Rates)

January, 2008
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December, 2008
January, 2009
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
January, 2010
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
January, 2011
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
January, 2012
February
March
April
May
% change of May,2012
over May,2011
Source : Labour Bureau, Ministry of Labour, Govt. Of India

Note : Daily Wage rate - average of five operations i.e. ploughing,
Sowing, Weeding, Transplanting and harvesting has been considered.
P - 48
Table - 4.3
Farm Inputs: Index Numbers of Wholesale Prices ( Base 2004-05=100)

Month/
Year
Fertilisers
1
Annual Average
(July - June)
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2009
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December,2009
Electri.
city
(irrigation)
3
Pesticides
Non-elec
trical
Machinery
5
Tractors
Lubricants
Diesel
Oil
(HSDO)
Diesel
Oil
(LDO)
Fodder
10
Cattle
Feed
11
102.6
105.1
106.6
106.9
110.0
119.2
110.8
116.3
116.0
114.6
118.1
127.2
103.8
107.8
107.5
110.8
111.4
113.6
105.9
107.7
110.0
111.9
116.5
120.5
104.1
108.0
111.1
117.6
123.3
127.9
106.6
138.2
148.1
176.0
177.8
200.3
124.3
129.6
127.7
133.8
138.1
153.9
131.2
145.1
178.5
159.3
172.5
208.6
111.1
117.4
123.0
111.1
156.9
189.1
103.6
116.0
128.2
148.8
170.8
179.7
107.9
107.2
107.7
107.6
107.5
107.6
107.5
107.2
107.1
108.1
108.5
109.0
117.5
117.5
108.7
108.7
108.7
108.7
108.7
117.4
117.4
117.4
117.4
117.4
112.7
112.7
112.6
111.6
110.4
110.1
110.2
110.6
110.4
110.5
110.7
110.6
110.8
110.7
110.3
112.7
112.6
112.8
112.8
112.8
112.8
114.7
118.0
117.8
122.0
122.0
122.1
122.6
122.7
122.7
122.7
122.7
122.6
123.2
123.2
123.2
174.5
174.5
174.5
174.5
174.5
174.5
174.5
174.5
174.5
174.5
174.5
174.5
132.4
125.4
125.7
125.7
125.7
125.7
133.9
133.9
133.9
133.9
133.9
133.9
100.0
116.8
119.6
131.3
140.6
145.6
165.8
159.8
162.0
157.4
160.2
165.2
108.7
109.8
112.2
114.3
114.0
116.0
119.5
123.3
139.8
136.4
144.6
143.0
148.2
149.7
150.0
152.4
157.2
158.2
159.9
165.3
166.3
166.5
166.9
168.8
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December,2010
108.9
109.0
109.8
114.6
115.2
115.3
115.3
116.5
116.5
116.3
116.6
116.3
117.4
117.4
117.4
117.4
126.2
126.2
126.2
126.2
126.2
126.2
126.2
126.2
110.2
110.2
111.8
114.6
113.6
113.6
113.4
113.3
113.4
113.7
114.0
113.9
117.7
118.0
118.6
118.8
117.6
117.8
117.9
117.9
118.0
118.0
118.2
118.1
123.5
123.5
123.7
123.5
123.9
124.0
124.0
124.0
124.2
125.0
125.6
125.6
174.5
174.5
174.5
174.5
194.2
194.2
194.2
194.2
194.2
194.2
194.2
194.2
133.9
136.6
144.6
145.6
145.6
147.4
153.5
153.5
153.5
153.5
153.6
153.6
184.3
185.3
180.1
187.1
187.3
174.9
174.7
170.6
174.3
182.3
190.9
203.0
182.3
176.5
199.1
182.2
165.2
171.3
173.4
180.7
186.5
192.7
190.7
190.1
173.1
175.6
175.8
177.0
177.0
177.0
177.6
177.8
178.0
178.2
178.6
178.5
2011
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December,2011
117.8
120.3
120.7
122.9
125.2
125.7
127.0
127.9
130.4
134.9
137.6
138.7
128.1
128.1
128.1
128.1
128.1
128.1
128.1
128.1
133.8
135.7
135.7
135.7
112.9
113.1
113.9
114.1
113.9
113.8
114.5
114.6
114.8
114.6
114.6
115.3
121.0
122.9
123.2
123.6
123.1
123.5
123.5
123.5
123.8
124.2
125.9
125.8
128.0
128.3
128.9
131.4
134.8
134.8
136.0
136.4
137.2
137.5
137.8
137.8
194.2
194.2
194.2
214.0
220.8
220.8
221.8
231.2
236.6
236.6
236.6
236.6
153.6
153.6
153.6
153.6
153.6
157.1
167.8
167.8
167.8
167.8
167.8
167.8
217.1
218.6
228.3
246.3
256.8
240.2
232.6
240.4
241.4
245.8
243.1
253.0
193.9
198.5
205.8
200.6
176.8
179.5
182.7
188.2
189.8
191.2
196.9
198.9
181.3
181.4
180.5
183.8
181.2
180.0
184.9
186.3
186.4
186.4
186.2
186.2
139.5
140.1
141.1
141.4
142.4
135.7
135.7
135.7
135.7
135.7
115.9
115.9
116.2
116.4
118.3
128.9
128.9
129.0
129.0
129.0
137.9
138.0
138.4
140.1
140.1
236.6
236.6
236.6
236.6
237.8
167.8
167.8
167.8
167.8
167.8
267.9
267.5
289.3
296.1
284.4
198.5
197.4
202.2
206.0
203.3
187.3
191.8
197.3
192.0
195.6
13.74
5.93
3.86
4.79
3.93
7.70
9.24
10.75
14.99
7.95
2010
2012
January
February
March
April
May
% change of May,2012
over May,2011
Source : Office of the Economic Adviser, Ministry of Commerce and Industry
P - 49
Table - 4.4 (A)
Cost Estimates for Wheat

Wheat
States
Bihar
Chhattisgarh
Gujarat
Haryana
Himachal Pradesh
Jharkhand
Madhya Pradesh
Maharashtra
Punjab
Rajasthan
Uttar Pradesh
Uttarakhand
West Bengal
Years
2010-11
2009-10
2010-11
2009-10
2010-11
2009-10
2010-11
2009-10
2010-11
2009-10
2010-11
2009-10
2010-11
2009-10
2010-11
2009-10
2010-11
2009-10
2010-11
2009-10
2010-11
2009-10
2010-11
2009-10
2010-11
2009-10
A2+FL/hec
17797
14837
13723
12247
18726
17967
22944
22383
11289
10376
18316
17923
15504
13355
26179
24143
23063
20223
19596
20277
22307
20776
17879
19181
28568
23904
C2/hec
A2+FL /qtl
24348
558.93
21741
540.73
21313
647.64
17967
1052.59
27297
485.33
26630
530.47
42323
418.75
41693
446.88
17862
666.60
16068
770.57
23732
1257.77
22501
1233.34
27532
470.06
24218
485.85
36488
901.98
33600
968.38
42984
468.47
38283
431.75
31631
411.95
31794
451.49
35984
497.98
33575
515.15
33240
433.90
35411
481.50
37167
930.97
31679
932.66
C2/qtl
764.40
790.50
1008.91
1520.07
708.63
783.88
773.05
832.45
1056.21
1192.89
1629.20
1546.59
834.21
808.25
1256.65
1348.75
871.74
816.89
666.87
709.16
803.68
832.96
807.67
889.66
1210.58
1235.98
C3/qtl
849.54
894.78
1144.94
1672.08
780.91
881.31
869.93
944.6
1227.48
1401.26
1808.28
1701.25
917.63
889.33
1382.32
1483.63
968.29
906.69
757.81
795.24
900.35
926.92
956.13
995.79
1338.81
1359.58
Yield
26.49
23.21
17.02
9.81
36.10
32.15
45.40
40.91
11.96
9.37
12.63
13.06
28.17
25.52
28.37
24.19
42.87
41.18
39.56
34.87
36.81
33.68
34.80
33.00
29.11
23.85
C3/qtl
767.95
657.76
855.48
828.25
Yield
28.26
32.50
33.72
26.64
(in Rupees)
Implicit
MSP
1019.36
1170
1008.67
1100
1171.42
1170
1355.98
1100
1189.62
1170
1353.94
1100
1166.50
1170
1094.85
1100
1101.12
1170
1055.50
1100
1076.49
1170
1179.07
1100
1170
1265.11
1222.16
1100
1170
1428.95
1375.97
1100
1180.80
1170
1100.26
1100
1125.78
1170
1174.98
1100
1170
1073.88
1019.85
1100
1170
1131.37
1099.72
1100
1032.88
1170
1111.17
1100
Table - 4.4 (B)
Cost Estimates for Barley

Barley
States
Rajasthan
Uttar Pradesh
Years
2010-11
2009-10
2010-11
2009-10
A2+FL/hec
16392
18881
20193
15084
C2/hec
24094
28912
31573
24840
A2+FL /qtl
464.19
384.47
487.14
456.54
C2/qtl
676.45
585.81
769.98
752.95
(in Rupees)
Implicit
MSP
1012.17
780
861.85
750
971.05
780
927.64
750
(Contd)
P - 50
Table - 4.4 (C) Contd
Cost Estimates for Gram

Gram
States
Andhra Pradesh
Bihar
Chhattisgarh
Haryana
Jharkhand
Karnataka
Madhya Pradesh
Maharashtra
Rajasthan
Uttar Pradesh
Years
2010-11
2009-10
2010-11
2009-10
2010-11
2009-10
2010-11
2009-10
2010-11
2009-10
2010-11
2009-10
2010-11
2009-10
2010-11
2009-10
2010-11
2009-10
2010-11
2009-10
A2+FL/hec
20058
17538
10831
10082
10343
8830
9255
7530
9759
8074
11923
11834
11448
10978
14854
12755
9239
9574
15699
11783
C2/hec
27009
25110
18524
16560
16676
14442
15234
13172
14379
12593
16475
16138
18658
18468
21067
18518
14646
14386
26112
19709
A2+FL /qtl
1466.99
1368.71
693.07
700.70
955.84
956.74
1527.43
1544.86
1333.04
1125.57
1411.90
1443.97
1061.00
909.04
1476.74
1421.32
958.22
1174.63
1166.28
1210.45
C2/qtl
1975.95
1960.63
1186.32
1151.78
1541.37
1565.08
2511.31
2692.65
1965.88
1754.45
1950.04
1969.72
1728.81
1530.30
2095.84
2064.82
1515.53
1774.28
1933.60
2022.28
C3/qtl
2175.98
2156.69
1426.90
1368.25
1732.92
1721.59
2790.33
3011.99
2168.79
1929.90
2145.05
2202.69
1907.89
1685.98
2305.42
2271.30
1727.41
2013.76
2126.96
2242.85
Yield
13.48
12.43
15.27
14.09
10.28
8.67
5.28
4.22
7.03
6.90
8.37
8.11
10.19
11.41
9.74
8.72
8.65
7.07
12.39
9.17
(in Rupees)
Implicit
MSP
2366.27
2100
2097.25
1760
2385.18
2100
2234.03
1760
1968.78
2100
1760
1937.03
2482.38
2100
2798.01
1760
3044.14
2100
1760
2787.35
2279.51
2100
1760
1976.14
2170.79
2100
1945.49
1760
2420.72
2100
2242.16
1760
2143.54
2100
1760
2273.50
2340.21
2100
1760
2314.09
Table - 4.4 (D)
Cost Estimates for Lentil (Masur)

Lentil (Masur)
States
Bihar
Jharkhand
Madhya Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh
West Bengal
Years
2010-11
2009-10
2010-11
2009-10
2010-11
2009-10
2010-11
2009-10
2010-11
2009-10
A2+FL/hec
8748
7328
5377
5247
8718
9963
11851
12660
15724
12509
C2/hec
15581
13902
11545
11332
13159
17605
22615
22591
23664
20660
A2+FL /qtl
916.33
821.46
817.71
846.96
1702.64
1126.39
1156.88
1362.63
1658.62
1398.51
C2/qtl
1631.68
1559.86
1754.58
1828.59
2578.37
1989.70
2204.25
2431.51
2496.15
2311.30
C3/qtl
1894.60
1815.78
1966.72
2011.45
2836.62
2188.67
2441.26
2693.95
2745.77
2542.43
Yield
9.21
8.59
6.29
5.96
4.86
8.51
9.86
9.00
9.06
8.66
(in Rupees)
Implicit
MSP
3359.73
2250
3191.57
1870
3037.56
2250
3578.34
1870
2997.24
2250
3220.39
1870
3023.67
2250
3347.62
1870
3021.86
2250
3353.17
1870
(Contd)
P - 51
Table - 4.4 (E) Concluded
Cost Estimates for Rapeseed/Mustard

Rapeseed/Mustard
States
Assam
Bihar
Gujarat
Haryana
Madhya Pradesh
Rajasthan
Uttar Pradesh
West Bengal
Years
2010-11
2009-10
2010-11
2009-10
2010-11
2009-10
2010-11
2009-10
2010-11
2009-10
2010-11
2009-10
2010-11
2009-10
2010-11
2009-10
A2+FL/hec
14694
12030
13476
11846
16659
15176
14120
16573
10555
9342
11768
11703
13668
12183
21520
17458
C2/hec
18694
15380
21730
18870
25410
22743
29583
30754
22650
18682
20829
20807
26767
24408
30433
24398
A2+FL /qtl
2183.31
1845.05
1204.55
1307.71
890.97
944.75
623.34
837.95
625.25
685.11
698.59
764.77
800.41
740.08
1555.60
1565.03
C2/qtl
2776.73
2358.63
1943.83
2088.03
1359.44
1416.38
1305.96
1555.52
1340.27
1361.60
1238.71
1357.13
1569.88
1482.13
2198.38
2187.23
C3/qtl
3054.40
2632.77
2211.61
2350.48
1577.44
1684.63
1445.43
1749.86
1474.30
1506.89
1384.63
1496.41
1726.87
1641.81
2418.22
2417.26
Yield
6.73
6.52
10.46
8.63
18.36
15.77
20.43
17.69
15.88
12.91
15.87
14.26
16.26
15.69
13.38
10.94
(in Rupees)
Implicit
MSP
2115.08
1850
2039.29
1830
2272.90
1850
2393.04
1830
2331.13
1850
2191.56
1830
2248.98
1850
2191.22
1830
2264.87
1850
2069.10
1830
2223.16
1850
2191.37
1830
2333.62
1850
2145.65
1830
2512.94
1850
2424.86
1830
C3/qtl
2247.50
3237.74
2724.78
2179.22
Yield
8.26
5.39
3.48
4.10
(in Rupees)
Implicit
MSP
2505.18
1800
2639.73
1680
2397.87
1800
2076.45
1680
Table - 4.4 (F)
Cost Estimates for Safflower

Safflower
States
Maharashtra
Karnataka
Years
2010-11
2009-10
2010-11
2009-10
A2+FL/hec
11834
12162
6443
5513
C2/hec
16883
15927
8749
8222
A2+FL /qtl
1432.69
2248.03
1826.38
1327.09
C2/qtl
2043.18
2943.40
2477.07
1981.11
P - 52
Table - 4.5
Projected Cost of Production of Rabi Crops (Rs./Qtl)

Crop/States
Base
Year
1
Composite Variable Input Price Index

2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
2
2004-05
2004-05
2004-05
2004-05
2004-05
2004-05
2004-05
2008-09
2004-05
2004-05
2004-05
2004-05
2005-06
155.33
179.55
153.86
169.82
153.29
171.60
171.39
119.57
166.64
166.72
169.16
162.99
191.08
176.86
231.12
169.01
184.92
214.63
186.23
191.50
131.86
181.31
204.22
186.57
170.75
199.72
188.69
25.10
265.49
13.80
181.62
32.93
200.50
43.99
219.16
10.12
202.30
12.87
210.96
25.76
142.30
25.49
197.93
41.29
225.46
37.21
207.35
35.16
190.53
34.84
207.20
24.73
Weighted Average
688.07
1202.83
695.29
551.30
1400.17
1689.57
604.61
1206.86
631.11
637.11
643.91
319.92
1446.08
654.76
937.18
1750.33
988.15
1023.79
1919.58
2163.27
1006.23
1592.70
1149.89
951.05
1033.15
1156.39
1736.81
1066.26
Barley
Rajasthan
Uttar Pradesh
2004-05
2004-05
176.96
173.93
203.45
192.88
218.48
31.47
214.57
30.32
Weighted Average
613.84
548.06
593.61
841.28
908.48
861.95
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Gram
Andhra Pradesh
Bihar
Chhattisgarh
Haryana
Jharkhand
Karnataka
Madhya Pradesh
Maharashtra
Rajasthan
Uttar Pradesh
2005-06
2004-05
2004-05
2006-07
2004-05
2006-07
2004-05
2004-05
2004-05
2004-05
198.20
152.73
188.30
168.27
174.40
168.39
171.53
173.64
179.28
172.83
214.38
210.86
210.40
210.85
190.57
191.89
191.75
201.97
206.46
186.88
230.38
14.20
244.90
14.06
227.82
9.79
245.43
5.16
207.58
6.78
219.24
8.41
212.86
10.63
224.78
8.84
229.03
7.52
217.07
10.83
Weighted Average
2058.98
797.84
1452.25
2495.25
1617.41
2041.92
1258.95
2109.17
1551.36
1860.95
1646.09
2570.04
1212.21
2095.67
3968.53
2501.32
2600.44
1911.00
2926.13
2119.91
2845.67
2327.70
1
2
3
4
5
Lentil
Bihar
Jharkhand
Madhya Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh
West Bengal
2004-05
2004-05
2004-05
2004-05
2008-09
173.70
190.36
190.72
226.27
142.36
242.74
216.31
208.64
260.46
163.53
256.81
245.69
228.87
300.79
207.81
Weighted Average
8.38
6.41
7.06
9.49
8.41
1475.22
817.91
2255.73
1781.66
2591.77
1879.05
2431.72
2043.27
3391.53
3308.15
3518.46
3161.52
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Rapeseed/Mustard
Assam
Bihar
Gujarat
Haryana
Madhya Pradesh
Rajasthan
Uttar Pradesh
West Bengal
2004-05
2008-09
2004-05
2004-05
2004-05
2004-05
2004-05
2004-05
174.97
122.79
136.15
171.15
167.96
166.14
166.83
175.32
183.09
147.48
159.23
201.95
199.38
205.92
191.86
152.67
199.68
6.23
160.75
9.76
167.19
15.25
245.02
19.35
240.31
13.91
223.70
14.56
225.95
13.36
191.47
10.83
Weighted Average
2970.08
1719.32
1596.29
760.92
812.66
1138.45
1124.74
2649.95
1215.93
3698.48
2476.53
2175.33
1616.09
1647.35
1829.77
2165.40
3432.61
1987.43
1
2
Safflower
Karnataka
Maharashtra
2005-06
2004-05
207.39
212.11
248.32
259.59
326.66
4.66
314.16
7.11
Weighted Average
2418.19
3262.03
2997.77
3037.77
4149.73
3801.51
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Wheat
Bihar
Chhattisgarh
Gujarat
Haryana
Himachal Pradesh
Jharkhand
Madhya Pradesh
Maharashtra
Punjab
Rajasthan
Uttar Pradesh
Uttarakhand
West Bengal
1
2
PROJECTIONS FOR 2012-13

Cost of production
Yield
A2+FL
C2
(Qtl/Hec)
5
6
7
Note:- This projected cost is exclusive of cost of marketing, transportation and crop insurance premium.
P - 53
Table - 4.6
Projected Cost of Production (C2 & A2+FL) for Rabi 2012-13 for by States & their Shares and
Margins in Increasing Order of Cost (Rs./qtl)
Wheat
States
Bihar
Rajasthan
Gujarat
Madhya Pradesh
Haryana
Uttar Pradesh
Punjab
Uttarakhand
Maharashtra
West Bengal
Chhattisgarh
Himachal Pradesh
Jharkhand
All India Wtd. Avg.
C2
938.93
954.11
989.44
1009.29
1028.04
1044.27
1155.89
1156.72
1593.37
1737.16
1750.37
1919.78
2163.35
1098.47
A2 + FL
689.82
640.17
696.58
607.67
555.55
655.03
637.11
320.24
1207.54
1446.43
1202.87
1400.37
1689.65
686.97
MSP
(2012-13)
1285
1285
1285
1285
1285
1285
1285
1285
1285
1285
1285
1285
1285
1285.00
Relative Shares MSP margins MSP margins

in Production over C2 Cost over A2+FLCost
(%)
(%)
(%)
5
10
4
9
13
34
18
1
2
1
1
1
1
100
36.86
34.68
29.87
27.32
24.99
23.05
11.17
11.09
-19.35
-26.03
-26.59
-33.07
-40.60
16.98
86.28
100.73
84.47
111.46
131.30
96.17
101.69
301.26
6.41
-11.16
6.83
-8.24
-23.95
87.05
Barley
States
Rajasthan
Uttar Pradesh
All India Wtd. Avg.
C2
859.34
916.50
888.02
A2 + FL
631.90
556.08
619.68
MSP
(2012-13)
980
980
980

(%)
(%)
(%)
69
31
100
14.04
6.93
10.36
55.09
76.23
58.15
Gram
States
Bihar
Madhya Pradesh
Chhattisgarh
Rajasthan
Jharkhand
Andhra Pradesh
Karnataka
Uttar Pradesh
Maharashtra
Haryana
All India Wtd. Avg.
C2
1212.62
1929.40
2096.96
2127.58
2501.94
2575.08
2604.37
2850.13
2933.46
3969.09
2377.42
A2 + FL
798.25
1277.35
1453.54
1559.03
1618.02
2064.02
2045.85
1865.41
2116.50
2495.81
1695.81
MSP
(2012-13)
2800.00
2800.00
2800.00
2800.00
2800.00
2800.00
2800.00
2800.00
2800.00
2800.00
2800.00

(%)
(%)
(%)
1
37
3
15
1
10
8
9
15
1
100
130.90
45.12
33.53
31.61
11.91
8.73
7.51
-1.76
-4.55
-29.45
17.77
250.77
119.20
92.63
79.60
73.05
35.66
36.86
50.10
32.29
12.19
65.11
(Contd)
P - 54
Projected Cost of Production (C2 & A2+FL) for Rabi 2012-13 for by States & their Shares and
Margins in Increasing Order of Cost (Rs./qtl)
Lentil (Masur)
States
C2
Jharkhand
Bihar
Uttar Pradesh
Madhya Pradesh
West Bengal
All India Wtd. Avg.
2043.99
2440.32
3330.88
3403.99
3520.92
3208.48
A2 + FL
818.63
1483.83
1804.39
2268.18
2594.23
1926.01
MSP
(2012-13)
2800
2800
2800
2800
2800
2800

(%)
(%)
(%)
2
18
48
27
5
100
36.99
14.74
-15.94
-17.74
-20.48
-12.73
242.04
88.70
55.18
23.45
7.93
45.38
Rapeseed & Mustard

States
C2
Haryana
Madhya Pradesh
Rajasthan
Uttar Pradesh
Gujarat
Bihar
West Bengal
Assam
All India Wtd. Avg.
1621.75
1652.35
1852.10
2170.55
2177.27
2477.11
3435.60
3699.32
2031.91
A2 + FL
766.57
817.66
1160.79
1129.89
1598.23
1719.90
2652.94
2970.92
1260.41
MSP
(2012-13)
2500.00
2500.00
2500.00
2500.00
2500.00
2500.00
2500.00
2500.00
2500.00

(%)
(%)
(%)
13
11
50
12
4
1
7
2
100
54.15
51.30
34.98
15.18
14.82
0.92
-27.23
-32.42
23.04
226.13
205.75
115.37
121.26
56.42
45.36
-5.76
-15.85
98.35
Safflower
States
C2
Karnataka
Maharashtra
All India Wtd. Avg.
3052.08
3506.83
3384.06
A2 + FL
2432.49
2872.10
2754.08
MSP
(2012-13)
2500.00
2500.00
2500.00

(%)
(%)
(%)
31
69
100
-18.09
-28.71
-26.12
2.78
-12.96
-9.23
Note:- The projected costs of Rabi 2012-13 has been arranged in ascending order
of costs by states and includs cost of marketing, transportation and crop insurance premium.
P - 55
Table - 4.7
Comparative Statement of Cost Estimates of Rabi Crops provided under Comprehensive Scheme (C.S.)
And those by State Government
Crop/State
Wheat
Bihar
Year
Cost of Cultivation (Rs./Hect)

Yield (Qtl/Hect.)
C.S. Survey
State Reply C.S. Survey State Reply
Cost of Production (Rs/Qtl)

C.S. Survey State Reply
2010-11
2011-12
24348
NA
33600
32491
26.49
NA
28.00
28.00
764
NA
1200
1276
Chhattisgarh
2010-11
2011-12
21313
NA
12910
22360
17.02
NA
12.42
14.89
1009
NA
1039
1502
Gujarat
2010-11
2011-12
27297
NA
27922
31972
36.10
NA
26.62
23.63
709
NA
1049
1353
Haryana
2010-11
2011-12
42323
NA
52715
59292
45.40
NA
43.28
44.84
773
NA
1218
1147
Maharashtra
2010-11
2011-12
36488
NA
25578
28.37
NA
20.52
1257
NA
1472
Madhya Pradesh
2010-11
2011-12
27532
NA
26272
30638
28.17
NA
16.78
18.14
834
NA
1566
1689
Uttar Pradesh
2010-11
2011-12
35984
NA
38182
42108
36.81
NA
28.10
30.10
804
NA
1359
1244
West Bengal
2010-11
2011-12
37167
NA
40453
NA
29.11
NA
28.92
NA
1211
NA
1332
NA
2010-11
2011-12
31573
NA
28396
31066
33.72
NA
24.29
25.03
770
NA
994
1050
2010-11
2011-12
18524
NA
33698
31800
15.27
NA
14.00
14.00
1186
NA
2407
2498
Chhattisgarh
2010-11
2011-12
16676
NA
13100
19950
10.28
NA
7.50
9.00
1541
NA
1747
2217
Haryana
2010-11
2011-12
15234
NA
20566
27405.56
5.28
NA
7.60
9.19
2511
NA
2706
2822
Maharashtra
2010-11
2011-12
21067
NA
14382
9.74
NA
7.50
2096
NA
2237
Madhya Pradesh
2010-11
2011-12
18658
NA
22322
26867
10.19
NA
9.89
9.34
1729
NA
2258
2876
Uttar Pradesh
2010-11
2011-12
26112
NA
20783
22301
12.39
NA
10.40
10.80
1934
NA
1930
2009
(Contd)
Barley
Uttar Pradesh
GRAM
Bihar
P - 56
Comparative Statement of Cost Estimates of Rabi Crops provided under Comprehensive Scheme (C.S.)
And those by State Government
Crop/State
Lentil
Bihar
Year
Cost of Cultivation (Rs./Hect)

Yield (Qtl/Hect.)
C.S. Survey
State Reply C.S. Survey State Reply
Cost of Production (Rs/Qtl)

C.S. Survey State Reply
2010-11
2011-12
15581
NA
24860
23756
9.21
NA
11.00
11.00
1632
NA
2260
2375
Madhya Pradesh
2010-11
2011-12
13159
NA
11932
16387
4.86
NA
5.23
5.68
2578
NA
2281
2885
Uttar Pradesh
2010-11
2011-12
22615
NA
21862
23217
9.86
NA
9.35
9.45
2204
NA
2259
2342
2010-11
2011-12
25410
NA
31103
33714
18.36
NA
15.78
15.00
1359
NA
1921
2345
Haryana
2010-11
2011-12
29583
NA
36891
40216
20.43
NA
15.32
17.55
1306
NA
2408
2291
Madhya Pradesh
2010-11
2011-12
22650
NA
22622
26749
15.88
NA
9.58
9.86
1340
NA
2362
2714
Uttar Pradesh
2010-11
2011-12
26767
NA
26999
29969
16.26
NA
11.60
12.43
1570
NA
2218
2307
West Bengal
2010-11
2011-12
30433
NA
33.39.63
NA
13.38
NA
11.14
NA
2198
NA
2766
NA
2010-11
2011-12
16883.08
NA
13217
NA
8.26
NA
7.67
NA
2043
NA
2064
NA
Rapeseed /Mustard
Gujarat
Safflower
Maharashtra
Source : 1. Directorate of Economics and Statsistics

2. State Replies for 2012-13 Season
P - 57
Table - 4.8 (1)
Bihar
2010-11
2009-10
1
2
3
Cost of Cultivation per hectare(Rs)
A1
14321.91 12431.86
A2
14321.91 12431.86
A2+FL
17797.15 14836.67
B1
15263.18 13552.12
B2
20872.55 19336.01
C1
18738.42 15956.94
C2
24347.80 21740.83
Wheat : Estimates of Cost of Cultivation/Production and related data

Chhattisgarh
Gujarat
Haryana
2010-11
2009-10
2010-11
2009-10
2010-11
2009-10
4
5
6
7
8
9
Himachal Pradesh
2010-11
2009-10
10
11
Jharkhand
2010-11
2009-10
12
13
10156.47
10156.47
13723.23
11540.43
17745.90
15107.19
21312.66
10466.51
10466.51
12247.05
12242.05
16186.29
14022.58
17966.83
16037.40
16208.70
18726.20
17207.02
24779.54
19724.52
27297.04
15367.69
15556.42
17966.50
16635.97
24219.58
19046.05
26629.67
18023.06
18070.55
22943.95
21195.89
37449.66
26069.29
42323.07
16615.28
16644.26
22382.77
20456.54
35954.40
26195.04
41692.91
7586.75
7592.48
11289.14
9819.97
14165.56
13516.64
17862.22
7224.69
7255.76
10375.87
9522.29
12948.36
12642.40
16068.47
13074.84
13074.84
18316.04
14624.51
18491.18
19865.71
23732.38
13690.08
13690.08
17922.99
15051.61
18267.89
19284.52
22500.79
C2*
24598.78
22368.15
21991.78
17966.83
27344.63
27215.57
43300.77
43006.76
18877.41
17157.25
23955.72
22500.79
Yield per hectare (Quintals)

Value of the main-product
per hectare (Rs)
Value of the by-product
per hectare (Rs)
Implicit price (Rs./qtl.)
26.49
27002.82
23.21
23411.29
17.02
19937.51
9.81
13302.15
36.10
42945.21
32.15
43529.09
45.40
52958.95
40.91
44790.31
11.96
13169.41
9.37
9889.99
12.63
13596.08
13.06
15398.63
5454.89
4264.92
4884.35
2474.84
2955.36
2327.09
10955.09
10047.29
5478.56
4322.41
2080.09
1735.64
1019.36
1008.67
1171.42
1355.98
1189.62
1333.61
1166.50
1094.85
1101.12
1055.50
1076.49
1179.07
Cost of production per quintal (Rs)

A1
448.93
A2
448.93
A2+FL
558.93
B1
478.01
B2
653.48
C1
588.93
C2
764.40
451.38
451.38
540.73
489.60
705.40
574.71
790.50
482.61
482.61
647.64
545.05
827.77
726.19
1008.91
893.35
893.35
1052.59
1093.09
1370.47
1242.68
1520.07
415.51
419.86
485.33
446.60
642.22
513.02
708.63
451.00
456.37
530.47
488.13
712.74
559.28
783.88
329.28
330.13
418.75
387.31
684.04
476.32
773.05
331.87
332.45
446.88
408.50
717.88
523.07
832.45
448.41
448.71
666.60
574.19
828.91
801.50
1056.21
538.11
540.47
770.57
707.35
961.99
938.25
1192.89
895.68
895.68
1257.77
1003.64
1270.80
1362.04
1629.20
943.64
943.64
1233.34
1036.16
1251.33
1331.41
1546.59
813.44
894.78
1040.85
1144.94
1520.07
1672.08
709.92
780.91
801.19
881.31
790.84
869.93
858.73
944.60
1115.89
1227.48
1273.87
1401.26
1643.89
1808.28
1546.59
1701.25
112.80
127.12
0.40
410.68
22.91
106.12
108.20
0.00
324.52
35.38
105.17
148.77
0.00
295.20
4.02
157.43
178.80
1.12
361.21
9.22
153.43
186.19
1.36
414.42
11.47
117.21
202.95
0.25
283.58
2.33
118.94
199.41
0.00
337.17
2.67
112.52
57.80
24.60
225.34
34.23
115.31
63.55
24.48
206.59
30.80
C2*
772.31
C3
849.54
Material and labour inputs per hectare
ITEM
Seed
(kgs.)
113.08
Fertiliser (kgs. of Nutrients)
125.60
Manure
(Quintals)
0.25
Human Labour (Man Hours)
478.97
Animal Labour (Pair Hours)
32.05
121.32
121.03
92.12
111.90
0.00
0.00
428.43
400.27
106.04
122.87
(Contd..)
P - 58
Table - 4.8 (1) Concluded
1
Cost of Cultivation per hectar
A1
A2
A2+FL
B1
B2
C1
C2
Madhya Pradesh
2010-11
2009-10
14
15
Maharashtra
2010-11
2009-10
16
17
Wheat : Estimates of Cost of Cultivation/Production and related data

Punjab
Rajasthan
Uttar Pradesh
2010-11
2009-10
2010-11
2009-10
2010-11
2009-10
18
19
20
21
22
23
Uttarakhand
2010-11
2009-10
24
25
West Bengal
2010-11
2009-10
26
27
12588.92
12588.92
15504.33
14184.82
24616.92
17100.23
27532.33
10905.16
10905.16
13355.12
12619.37
21767.80
15069.33
24217.75
21412.98
21412.98
26179.45
24808.00
31721.79
29574.47
36488.27
20538.08
20538.08
24143.36
24276.49
29995.21
27881.77
33600.49
16808.28
21369.04
23063.23
20442.49
41289.79
22136.68
42983.98
15410.85
18465.38
20222.99
18872.23
36525.13
20629.85
38282.74
12581.86
12906.09
19595.57
15858.96
24941.41
22548.44
31630.89
14155.45
14603.59
20276.87
17152.92
26120.82
22826.21
31794.11
17806.69
18215.04
22306.96
20623.12
31892.52
24715.04
35984.44
16331.17
16915.62
20776.26
19112.39
29714.07
22973.02
33574.70
14310.10
14310.10
17879.43
15845.71
29670.45
19415.03
33239.78
16668.86
16668.86
19180.94
19844.43
32898.73
22356.51
35410.81
19350.65
19469.22
28567.61
20144.94
28068.38
29243.33
37166.77
18634.72
18680.89
23903.85
19338.09
26455.79
24561.05
31678.75
C2*
27532.33
24217.75
36488.27
33600.49
43403.88
38628.84
32680.70
32413.10
36650.74
33964.45
33989.54
36033.24
37367.35
31678.75

per hectare (Rs)
per hectare (Rs)
28.17
35638.09
25.52
31189.46
28.37
40539.28
24.19
33284.83
42.87
50621.04
41.18
45308.80
39.56
44535.77
34.87
40971.56
36.81
39529.38
33.68
34348.58
34.80
39371.67
33.00
36290.86
29.11
30067.24
23.85
26501.34
6090.29
2405.25
935.18
1020.62
7511.47
6226.80
9015.45
11798.32
8574.98
6782.91
7247.49
7517.87
1627.84
1977.63
1265.11
1222.16
1428.95
1375.97
1180.80
1100.26
1125.78
1174.98
1073.88
1019.85
1131.37
1099.72
1032.88
1111.17
383.35
383.35
470.06
433.80
744.75
523.37
834.21
367.56
367.56
485.85
425.43
726.97
506.93
808.48
738.71
738.71
901.98
855.70
1093.11
1019.24
1256.65
816.29
816.29
968.38
967.24
1195.49
1120.49
1348.75
342.40
436.19
468.47
417.01
837.21
451.55
871.74
331.78
383.24
431.75
403.25
776.57
443.57
816.89
264.41
271.16
411.95
333.68
525.43
475.12
666.87
315.88
324.54
451.49
383.60
583.96
508.81
709.16
397.43
406.47
497.98
460.10
711.91
551.87
803.68
406.93
420.97
515.15
475.73
737.33
571.36
832.96
352.24
352.24
433.90
397.12
728.60
476.19
807.67
420.18
420.18
481.50
503.76
826.98
566.44
889.66
632.46
637.17
930.97
659.26
916.33
953.51
1210.58
727.78
729.41
932.66
755.15
1032.12
959.01
1235.98
834.21
917.63
808.48
889.33
1256.65
1382.32
1348.75
1483.63
880.26
968.29
824.26
906.69
688.92
757.81
722.95
795.24
818.50
900.35
842.66
926.92
869.21
956.13
905.27
995.79
1217.10
1338.81
1235.98
1359.58
115.60
104.63
0.03
287.76
14.23
115.36
101.22
0.00
290.90
16.31
115.94
192.20
0.33
519.59
43.86
115.25
184.41
0.15
584.96
50.40
107.08
245.02
0.76
160.83
0.76
103.85
238.68
5.00
177.94
1.22
151.08
132.91
3.43
464.34
6.48
160.11
130.84
6.32
464.97
9.88
Cost of production per quinta

A1
A2
A2+FL
B1
B2
C1
C2
C2*
C3
Material and labour inputs pe
ITEM
Seed
(kgs.)
Manure
(Quintals)
Note : The estimates are provisional unless specified.

Cost A1 = All actual expenses in cash and kind incurred in production by owner.
Cost A2 = Cost A1 + rent paid for leased-in land.
Cost A2+Fl = Cost A2 + imputed value of Family Labour.
Cost B1 = Cost A1 + interest on value of owned capital assets (excluding land).
Cost B2 = Cost B1 + rental value of owned land (net of land revenue)
and rent paid for leased-in land.
144.13
145.88
119.59
117.38
117.20
182.19
181.63
117.81
115.10
196.19
1.16
1.28
21.86
36.48
5.58
440.28
466.57
356.36
391.90
829.91
5.58
8.15
0.54
3.31
89.51
Cost C1 = Cost B1 + imputed value of Family Labour.
Cost C2*= Cost C2 estimated by taking into account statutory
minimum or actual wage whichever is higher.
Cost C3 = Cost C2* + 10% of Cost C2* on account of managerial
functions performed by farmer.
Ministry of Agriculture.
130.96
156.67
5.37
833.16
107.08
P - 59
Table - 4.8 (2)
Wheat : Break-up of Cost of Cultivation per hectare (In Rs.)

Cost Items
1
Operational Cost
Human Labour
Casual
Attached
Family
Total
Bullock Labour
Hired
Owned
Total
Machine Labour
Hired
Owned
Total
Seed
Fertilisers and Manure
Fertilisers
Manure
Total
Insecticides
Irrigation charges
Interest on working capital
Miscellaneous
Fixed Cost
Bihar
2010-11
2009-10
2
3
17544.16
14555.65
Chhattisgarh
2010-11
2009-10
4
5
13468.58
12077.18
Gujarat
2010-11
2009-10
6
7
18402.28
17586.25
Haryana
2010-11
2009-10
8
9
22563.70
22028.69
Himachal Pradesh
2010-11
2009-10
10
11
10779.52
9844.69
Jharkhand
2010-11
2009-10
12
13
17706.60
17349.65
2788.73
8.62
3475.24
6272.59
1930.25
15.06
2404.81
4350.12
1300.17
0.00
3566.76
4866.93
2322.06
0.00
1780.54
4102.60
1870.41
79.63
2517.50
4467.54
2113.64
70.63
2410.08
4594.35
2988.89
326.10
4873.40
8188.39
2341.23
350.62
5738.51
8430.36
308.88
2.10
3696.66
4007.64
315.52
1.98
3120.11
3437.61
477.78
0.00
5241.20
5718.98
674.81
0.00
4232.91
4907.72
273.65
562.92
836.57
65.02
497.26
562.28
0.00
841.41
841.41
0.00
118.80
118.80
113.29
389.96
503.25
117.17
455.14
572.31
1.30
210.94
212.24
0.57
220.87
221.44
94.71
201.70
296.41
93.12
176.60
269.72
9.01
4207.13
4216.14
20.50
4212.42
4232.92
3355.45
41.56
3397.01
2005.28
3093.67
10.96
3104.63
1833.32
648.86
511.83
1160.69
1760.86
83.93
945.35
1029.28
1553.65
3555.83
134.43
3690.26
3085.21
2764.49
108.06
2872.55
2721.91
4875.29
838.57
5713.86
1825.32
4294.54
1055.49
5350.03
1722.09
2817.06
29.59
2846.65
1351.22
2521.87
58.43
2580.30
1219.90
1899.08
1.92
1901.00
2241.78
1672.91
7.43
1680.34
2247.99
2050.60
6.34
2056.94
0.00
2549.44
426.33
0.00
6803.64
1947.68
8.86
1956.54
0.00
2380.55
368.21
0.00
7185.18
1565.39
0.00
1565.39
7.92
2965.32
300.06
0.00
7844.08
1878.00
0.00
1878.00
658.45
2419.40
312.02
4.98
5889.65
2556.78
53.55
2610.33
318.21
3246.11
481.37
0.00
8894.76
2444.76
46.10
2490.86
277.85
3596.53
459.89
0.00
9043.42
2729.87
2.04
2731.91
673.82
2636.34
536.07
45.75
19759.37
2452.00
2452.00
698.73
2628.65
493.64
31.75
19664.22
686.99
1068.48
1755.47
32.16
275.34
214.63
0.00
7082.70
685.09
981.76
1666.85
34.70
431.84
203.77
0.00
6223.78
1495.00
0.00
1495.00
0.00
1755.96
377.74
0.00
6025.78
1900.20
0.00
1900.20
0.00
1983.00
397.48
0.00
5151.14
5609.38
0.00
30.92
222.08
5783.89
0.00
32.10
248.93
6205.47
0.00
3.20
251.45
3944.25
0.00
2.86
167.01
7401.21
171.30
9.12
143.51
7394.89
188.73
9.35
182.17
16206.28
47.49
0.00
332.77
15468.88
28.98
0.00
325.10
4339.85
5.74
18.13
485.76
3395.00
31.07
18.50
481.61
3866.67
0.00
24.97
584.47
3216.28
0.00
24.64
548.69
941.26
1120.26
1383.96
1775.53
1169.62
1268.28
3172.83
3841.26
2233.22
2297.60
1549.67
1361.53
Total Cost
24347.80
21740.83
21312.66
17966.83
27297.04
26629.67
42323.07
41692.91
17862.22
16068.47
23732.38
22500.79
Operational Cost (based

on new methodology)
17795.14
15182.97
14147.70
12077.18
18449.87
18172.15
23541.40
23342.54
11794.71
10933.47
17929.94
17349.65
Human Labour (based on

new methodology)
6523.57
4977.44
5546.05
4102.60
4515.13
5180.25
9166.09
9744.21
5022.83
4526.39
5942.32
4907.72
24598.78
22368.15
21991.78
17966.83
27344.63
27215.57
43300.77
43006.76
18877.41
17157.25
23955.72
22500.79
Rental value of owned land

Rent paid for leased-in land
Land revenue,cesses & taxes
Depreciation on implements &
Farm buildings
Interest on fixed capital
Total Cost (based on

new methodology)
(Contd..)
P - 60
Wheat : Break-up of Cost of Cultivation per hectare (In Rs.)

Cost Items
1
Operational Cost
Human Labour
Casual
Attached
Family
Total
Bullock Labour
Hired
Owned
Total
Machine Labour
Hired
Owned
Total
Seed
Fertilisers
Manure
Total
Insecticides
Irrigation charges
Miscellaneous
Fixed Cost
Madhya Pradesh
2010-11
2009-10
14
15
15097.16 12948.60
Maharashtra
2010-11
2009-10
16
17
25748.13 23670.22
Punjab
2010-11 2009-10
18
19
18119.57 16792.38
Rajasthan
2010-11
2009-10
20
21
18855.18 19482.91
Uttar Pradesh
2010-11 2009-10
22
23
21287.69 19642.09
Uttarakhand
2010-11
2009-10
24
25
17614.32 18677.45
West Bengal
2010-11
2009-10
26
27
28091.42 23475.93
1513.60
149.49
2915.41
4578.50
1396.94
117.74
2449.96
3964.64
2926.10
684.90
4766.47
8377.47
2647.94
775.96
3605.28
7029.18
2365.86
455.92
1694.19
4515.97
2019.94
524.14
1757.61
4301.69
1535.43
211.75
6689.48
8436.66
1532.24
191.57
5673.28
7397.09
2418.90
52.00
4091.92
6562.82
1954.66
51.65
3860.64
5866.95
2324.97
94.71
3569.33
5989.01
3588.61
99.86
2512.08
6200.55
4231.05
14.11
9098.39
13343.55
5900.02
9.58
5222.96
11132.56
72.09
476.27
548.36
51.31
549.83
601.14
586.96
1827.44
2414.40
523.44
2622.20
3145.64
1.51
58.74
60.25
1.01
90.77
91.78
38.86
93.27
132.13
43.88
316.51
360.39
9.72
606.58
616.30
8.63
835.16
843.79
0.00
13.18
13.18
69.68
150.80
220.48
333.21
2380.03
2713.24
934.97
1138.13
2073.10
3719.50
193.16
3912.66
1937.81
2972.46
183.44
3155.90
1887.74
4784.90
110.29
4895.19
2966.15
3106.39
210.57
3316.96
2432.24
4897.56
1522.93
6420.49
1574.70
4055.62
1343.02
5398.64
1817.29
3335.74
64.74
3400.48
2352.01
2880.65
328.52
3209.17
2664.37
4675.29
352.39
5027.68
2217.91
4150.06
177.30
4327.36
2181.19
4400.54
637.69
5038.23
1643.70
2298.92
970.00
3268.92
2076.46
2570.38
10.25
2580.63
2111.07
1167.11
2.33
1169.44
2809.55
1509.70
1.03
1510.73
13.64
2226.29
369.17
0.00
12435.17
1338.31
0.00
1338.31
25.48
1657.25
318.14
0.00
11269.15
2884.93
60.14
2945.07
106.05
3407.99
635.81
0.00
10740.14
2584.64
15.14
2599.78
128.77
4409.62
608.03
0.00
9930.27
3259.93
2968.85
7.59
48.30
3267.52
3017.15
1337.59
1117.34
340.40
505.46
497.74
455.60
104.91
87.43
24864.41 21490.36
1950.51
145.29
2095.80
16.93
2052.51
368.66
0.00
12775.71
1757.61
260.68
2018.29
17.69
3397.44
418.47
0.00
12311.20
2691.07
2521.85
40.38
38.46
2731.45
2560.31
40.30
94.42
3570.11
3289.54
521.08
478.23
0.04
0.30
14696.75 13932.61
1611.16
1281.38
2892.54
164.91
1447.14
425.61
0.00
15625.46
1550.36
1254.02
2804.38
1401.69
2215.11
489.86
0.00
16733.36
3164.07
342.65
3506.72
102.96
3148.20
575.55
9.50
9075.35
2485.91
265.12
2751.03
255.23
2731.90
553.12
0.00
8202.82

Farm buildings
10432.10
0.00
4.44
402.73
9148.43
0.00
5.43
401.08
6913.79
0.00
21.29
410.04
5718.72
0.00
19.26
453.88
16286.54 14598.36
4560.76
3054.53
0.00
382.90
376.08
8758.22
324.23
10.28
405.88
8519.75
448.15
10.17
335.66
10861.05 10017.23
408.35
584.45
6.47
7.42
604.46
542.29
13824.74
0.00
6.65
258.46
13054.30
0.00
5.71
497.79
7804.87
118.57
34.83
322.79
7071.53
46.17
36.74
345.02
1595.90
1714.21
3395.02
3738.41
3461.39
3277.10
2997.47
2781.22
1535.61
3175.56
794.29
703.36
Total Cost
27532.33
24217.75
36488.27
33600.49
42983.98 38282.74
31630.89
31794.11
35984.44 33574.70
33239.78
35410.81
37166.77
31678.75

on new methodology)
15097.00
12948.60
25748.13
23670.22
18539.47 17138.48
19904.99
20101.90
21953.99 20031.84
18364.08
19299.88
28292.00
23475.93

new methodology)
4578.50
3964.64
8377.47
7029.18
4647.79
9486.47
8016.08
6256.70
6738.77
6822.98
13544.13
11132.56
27532.33
24217.75
36488.27
33600.49
43403.88 38628.84
32680.70
32413.10
36650.74 33964.45
33989.54
36033.24
37367.35
31678.75

new methodology)
3634.21
4935.87
2816.42
7229.12
P - 61
Table - 4.8 (3)
Wheat : Variable Input Price Index

BIHAR
(Base 2004-05=100)
Indices
Weights
ITEMS
Human Labour
Bullock Labour
Machine Labour
Seeds
Fertilizer
Manure
Insecticide
Irrigation Charges
2010-11
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
0.37
0.05
0.20
0.12
0.12
0.00
0.00
0.15
206.69
147.17
137.65
128.48
114.80
138.37
113.53
128.76
253.88
154.53
150.37
134.90
130.24
138.65
114.85
129.19
274.19
162.26
157.89
136.25
131.54
138.93
115.19
147.59
(Base 2004-05=100)
Indices
CHHATTISGARH
Weights
ITEMS
Human Labour
Bullock Labour
Machine Labour
Seeds
Fertilizer
Manure
Insecticide
Irrigation Charges
2010-11
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
0.37
0.06
0.09
0.13
0.12
0.00
0.00
0.23
258.30
292.32
137.65
161.54
111.68
103.04
113.53
102.28
309.96
336.17
150.37
171.23
137.84
103.55
114.85
222.51
371.95
386.60
180.45
196.92
143.42
104.59
120.59
233.64
(Base 2004-05=100)
Indices
GUJARAT
Weights
ITEMS
Human Labour
Bullock Labour
Machine Labour
Seeds
Fertilizer
Manure
Insecticide
Irrigation Charges
2010-11
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
0.25
0.03
0.21
0.17
0.14
0.00
0.02
0.18
184.20
210.25
137.65
184.56
117.31
150.00
113.53
125.76
220.48
220.76
150.37
201.17
127.08
154.50
114.85
120.56
243.63
231.80
157.89
219.27
131.69
159.14
119.44
126.58
(Base 2004-05=100)
Indices
HARYANA
Weights
ITEMS
Human Labour
Bullock Labour
Machine Labour
Seeds
Fertilizer
Manure
Insecticide
Irrigation Charges
2010-11
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
0.37
0.01
0.26
0.08
0.12
0.00
0.03
0.12
219.08
345.33
137.65
256.87
100.18
147.21
113.53
101.07
245.37
459.29
150.37
259.44
105.19
148.68
114.85
101.37
274.82
610.86
157.89
262.03
111.50
150.17
116.00
102.38
(Contd..)
P - 62
Table - 4.8 (3) Contd..

HIMACHAL PRADESH
(Base 2004-05=100)
Indices
Weights
ITEMS
Human Labour
Bullock Labour
Machine Labour
Seeds
Fertilizer
Manure
Insecticide
Irrigation Charges
2010-11
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
0.38
0.03
0.27
0.13
0.07
0.10
0.00
0.03
171.03
169.78
137.65
158.44
102.69
172.00
113.53
100.80
290.22
176.57
150.37
263.85
105.02
177.16
114.85
101.31
291.67
181.87
156.39
274.41
109.22
182.47
117.15
101.81
(Base 2004-05=100)
Indices
JHARKHAND
Weights
ITEMS
Human Labour
Bullock Labour
Machine Labour
Seeds
Fertilizer
Manure
Insecticide
Irrigation Charges
2010-11
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
0.33
0.24
0.11
0.13
0.09
0.00
0.00
0.10
195.44
175.18
137.65
224.82
100.00
250.82
113.53
128.76
214.99
183.94
150.37
260.79
100.00
263.36
114.85
131.33
236.49
193.14
157.89
302.51
105.00
276.53
117.15
133.96
(Base 2004-05=100)
Indices
MADHYA PRADESH
Weights
ITEMS
Human Labour
Bullock Labour
Machine Labour
Seeds
Fertilizer
Manure
Insecticide
Irrigation Charges
2010-11
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
0.31
0.04
0.27
0.13
0.10
0.00
0.00
0.15
222.19
198.38
137.65
191.98
106.37
169.72
113.53
141.18
248.85
218.22
150.37
201.58
117.00
174.81
114.85
177.40
281.20
240.04
168.42
211.66
128.70
183.56
120.59
186.27
(Base 2008-09=100)
Indices
MAHARASHTRA
Weights
ITEMS
Human Labour
Bullock Labour
Machine Labour
Seeds
Fertilizer
Manure
Insecticide
Irrigation Charges
2010-11
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
0.33
0.10
0.19
0.12
0.11
0.00
0.00
0.14
153.29
89.45
110.27
127.33
107.06
236.36
94.13
94.13
185.40
98.39
120.46
131.15
101.82
242.27
93.68
93.68
203.93
108.23
132.51
135.08
104.87
248.33
96.02
98.36
(contd..)
P - 63

PUNJAB
(Base 2004-05=100)
Indices
Weights
ITEMS
Human Labour
Bullock Labour
Machine Labour
Seeds
Fertilizer
Manure
Insecticide
Irrigation Charges
2010-11
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
0.26
0.00
0.36
0.09
0.18
0.00
0.08
0.03
235.21
161.36
137.65
179.17
107.55
200.00
113.53
354.98
268.44
174.26
150.37
200.67
129.88
224.00
114.85
190.91
300.65
188.21
157.89
224.75
142.87
250.88
120.59
200.45
(Base 2004-05=100)
Indices
RAJASTHAN
Weights
ITEMS
Human Labour
Bullock Labour
Machine Labour
Seeds
Fertilizer
Manure
Insecticide
Irrigation Charges
2010-11
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
0.46
0.01
0.18
0.13
0.11
0.01
0.00
0.11
198.27
216.85
137.65
175.73
109.46
140.00
113.53
146.77
275.39
242.87
150.37
195.06
115.50
142.10
114.85
151.74
311.19
272.02
162.40
216.52
125.90
144.23
117.15
154.77
(Base 2004-05=100)
Indices
UTTAR PRADESH
Weights
ITEMS
Human Labour
Bullock Labour
Machine Labour
Seeds
Fertilizer
Manure
Insecticide
Irrigation Charges
2010-11
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
0.32
0.03
0.24
0.11
0.13
0.00
0.00
0.17
189.32
327.00
137.65
179.58
104.42
159.09
113.53
185.93
219.45
398.94
150.37
188.56
110.64
167.05
114.85
189.81
252.36
486.70
165.41
197.99
119.49
175.40
120.59
199.30
(Base 2004-05=100)
Indices
UTTARAKHAND
Weights
ITEMS
Human Labour
Bullock Labour
Machine Labour
Seeds
Fertilizer
Manure
Insecticide
Irrigation Charges
2010-11
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
0.35
0.00
0.29
0.10
0.09
0.07
0.01
0.08
181.52
118.20
137.65
180.33
100.60
226.92
113.53
205.41
208.75
125.29
150.37
199.26
125.53
249.62
114.85
94.35
240.06
135.32
163.91
221.18
134.32
277.07
122.89
100.95
WEST BENGAL
(Base 2005-06=100)
Indices
Weights
ITEMS
Human Labour
Bullock Labour
Machine Labour
Seeds
Fertilizer
Manure
Insecticide
Irrigation Charges
2010-11
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
0.48
0.10
0.09
0.08
0.11
0.01
0.00
0.11
258.18
181.25
126.69
132.23
103.98
133.33
111.04
114.66
271.09
182.16
138.40
139.50
103.98
133.33
112.34
122.09
284.64
183.07
139.09
147.18
104.50
134.00
112.79
122.33
* : Input Index is projected on the basis of observed changes in the

prices of different inputs.
P - 64
Table - 4.8 (4)
Barley : Estimates of Cost of Cultivation/Production and related data

Rajasthan
2010-11
1
A1
A2
A2+FL
B1
B2
C1
C2
C2*
per hectare (Rs)
per hectare (Rs)
A1
A2
A2+FL
B1
B2
C1
C2
C2*
C3
ITEM
Seed
(kgs.)
Manure
(Quintals)
Uttar Pradesh
2009-10
3
2010-11
2009-10
5
9310.65
9431.78
16392.47
11207.49
17133.71
18168.17
24094.39
11705.34
12067.45
18880.53
14984.49
22098.54
21797.56
28911.62
15879.24
16003.07
20192.51
17674.60
27838.71
21864.04
31573.15
11814.16
11833.50
15084.43
13982.27
21588.90
17233.19
24839.83
24865.35
29513.81
31890.20
24939.83
28.26
28604.01
32.50
28010.13
33.72
32743.93
26.64
24712.35
7140.36
14314.00
7507.75
5937.85
1012.17
861.85
971.05
927.64
260.27
262.92
464.19
305.31
483.48
498.28
676.45
236.41
242.04
384.47
299.23
447.50
437.53
585.81
384.06
387.27
487.14
427.50
665.20
532.28
769.98
355.03
355.69
456.54
417.40
655.74
514.61
752.95
698.13
767.95
597.56
657.76
777.71
855.48
752.95
828.25
123.03
62.67
1.26
391.85
9.96
130.77
83.69
5.78
444.84
13.21
134.10
125.79
1.20
459.67
22.02
131.88
127.09
0.08
432.75
6.98

P - 65
Table - 4.8 (5)
Barley : Break-up of Cost of Cultivation per hectare (In Rs.)

Rajasthan
2010-11
Cost Items
1
Operational Cost
2009-10
3
Uttar Pradesh
2010-11
2009-10
4
5
15934.75
18129.68
19640.64
14678.85
972.85
69.02
6960.69
8002.56
642.70
242.74
6813.08
7698.52
2555.64
49.81
4189.44
6794.89
2301.10
89.62
3250.93
5641.65
87.70
69.95
157.65
10.31
596.60
606.91
0.00
2239.02
2239.02
0.00
526.30
526.30
3037.09
25.80
3062.89
1822.90
2886.02
173.36
3059.38
1609.90
3730.48
416.15
4146.63
1597.96
3134.08
36.90
3170.98
1542.83
945.29
63.13
1008.42
15.30
1593.09
271.94
0.00
8159.64
1129.00
283.57
1412.57
37.08
3362.39
342.93
0.00
10781.94
1843.98
5.76
1849.74
0.00
2544.18
468.22
0.00
11932.51
1861.25
2.32
1863.57
2.18
1585.04
346.30
0.00
10160.98
5805.10
121.12
5.18
331.41
6751.95
362.11
6.23
382.51
9585.28
123.82
17.08
410.97
7587.30
19.34
17.75
368.48
1896.83
3279.14
1795.36
2168.11
Total Cost
24094.39
28911.62
31573.15
24839.83

on new methodology)
16705.71
18731.87
19957.69
14678.85

new methodology)
8773.52
8300.71
7111.94
5641.65
24465.35
29513.81
31890.20
24839.83
Human Labour
Casual
Attached
Family
Total
Bullock Labour
Hired
Owned
Total
Machine Labour
Hired
Owned
Total
Seed
Fertilisers
Manure
Total
Insecticides
Irrigation charges
Miscellaneous
Fixed Cost
Farm buildings

new methodology)
P - 66
Table - 4.8 (6)
Barley : Variable Input Price Index
(Base 2004-05=100)
Indices
RAJASTHAN
Weights
ITEMS
Human Labour
Bullock Labour
Machine Labour
Seeds
Fertilizer
Manure
Insecticide
Irrigation Charges
2010-11
0.51
0.01
0.20
0.12
0.06
0.00
0.00
0.10
2010-11
204.07
352.26
137.65
183.42
109.46
250.00
113.53
146.77
2011-12
252.17
369.87
150.37
192.59
115.50
250.75
114.85
151.74
2012-13
277.39
388.36
157.89
202.22
121.28
255.77
117.15
154.77
(Base 2004-05=100)
Indices
UTTAR PRADESH
Weights
ITEMS
Human Labour
Bullock Labour
Machine Labour
Seeds
Fertilizer
Manure
Insecticide
Irrigation Charges
2010-11
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
0.35
0.12
0.22
0.08
0.10
0.00
0.00
0.13
184.81
344.16
137.65
167.65
104.42
152.40
113.53
185.93
216.02
378.57
150.37
177.71
110.64
153.92
114.85
189.81
248.42
424.00
165.41
188.37
119.49
155.46
120.59
199.30

P - 67
Table - 4.8 (7 )
Gram : Estimates of Cost of Cultivation/Production and related data

Andhra Pradesh
2010-11
1
2
A1
15305.82
A2
18789.87
A2+FL
20057.82
B1
16298.03
B2
25741.29
C1
17565.98
C2
27009.25
C2*
per hectare (Rs)
per hectare (Rs)
Bihar
Chhattisgarh
2009-10
3
2010-11
4
2009-10
5
13804.05
15940.36
17538.00
15216.27
23512.17
16814.23
25110.13
10141.41
10141.41
10830.89
10705.13
17834.71
11394.61
18524.20
9446.81
9446.81
10082.23
10046.30
15924.97
10681.72
16560.39
2010-11
6
2009-10
7
Haryana
2010-11
8
2009-10
9
Jharkhand
2010-11
10
2009-10
11
7800.43 6747.01 3950.35 4528.29 7806.69 6278.13

7800.43 6747.01 3950.35 4528.29 7806.69 6278.13
10343.29 8830.08 9254.78 7530.18 9759.25 8073.88
8806.79 7889.15 5545.51 6253.86 8476.97 7018.53
14132.90 12358.52 9929.52 10169.89 12426.50 10797.74
11349.66 9972.23 10849.94 9255.75 10429.54 8814.28
16675.76 1441.59 15233.95 13171.78 14379.07 12593.49
Karnataka
2010-11
12
2009-10
13
Madhya Pradesh
2010-11 2009-10
14
15
Maharashtra
2010-11
16
2009-10
17
Rajasthan
2010-11
18
2009-10
19
Uttar Pradesh
2010-11
20
2009-10
21
10106.57 10426.6 9361.45 9099.19 12434.84 10575.10 5532.95 6032.32 10949.39

10106.57 10426.6 9361.45 9099.19 12434.84 10770.64 5576.57 6032.32 10949.39
11922.87 11833.83 11447.59 10978.24 14854.05 12754.89 9239.09 9574.15 15699.33
10661.61 11201.2 10716.20 10715.24 14588.40 13026.78 7531.15 7755.25 12161.66
14658.28 14730.3 16571.62 16589.06 18647.39 16533.50 10983.89 10844.33 21361.58
12477.91 12608.5 12802.34 12594.30 17007.61 15011.03 11193.67 11297.08 16911.60
16474.59 16137.6 18657.75 18468.11 21066.61 18517.76 14646.41 14386.16 26111.52
8801.51
8801.51
11782.60
10298.18
16728.05
13279.28
19709.15
27045.77 25110.13 20258.05 17879.73 17047.46 14441.59 15373.39 13386.15 14422.28 12593.49 16474.59
16414.3 18724.82 18505.19 21066.61 18517.76 15180.88 14841.65 26111.52 19870.02
13.48
12.43
15.27
14.09
10.28
8.67
5.28
4.22
7.03
6.90
8.37
31897.31 26068.83 36421.65 31477.46 20239.04 16794.02 13106.96 11807.59 21400.31 19232.74 19079.50
8.11
10.19
11.41
9.74
8.72
8.65
7.07
12.39
9.17
16026.5 22120.36 22198.09 23577.78 19551.63 18541.60 16073.62 28995.21 21220.19
456.22
804.78
852.25
667.55
1065.39
1083.45
1933.92
1830.85
885.91
761.34
169.96
168.65
1301.30 1297.19
771.35
569.46
2126.22
2457.18
2506.33
1305.38
2366.27
2097.25
2385.18
2234.03
1968.78
1937.03
2482.38
2798.01
3044.14
2787.35
2279.51
1976.14
2170.79 1945.49
2420.72
2242.16
2143.54
2273.50
2340.21
2314.09

A1
1102.48
A2
1342.44
A2+FL
1466.99
B1
1180.17
B2
1871.97
C1
1284.14
C2
1975.95
1069.11
1218.73
1368.71
1193.32
1826.28
1327.67
1960.63
640.24
640.24
693.07
683.56
1138.39
731.48
1186.32
645.90
645.90
700.70
694.37
1105.22
740.94
1151.78
721.01
721.01
955.84
814.03
1306.33
1049.07
1541.37
731.19
731.19
956.74
854.97
1339.33
1080.72
1565.08
814.86
814.86
1527.43
1043.24
1692.71
1861.84
2511.31
1100.59
1100.59
1544.86
1347.77
2026.93
2013.49
2692.65
1064.38
1064.38
1333.04
1146.56
1692.78
1419.66
1965.88
877.59
877.59
1125.57
977.87
1502.52
1229.80
1754.45
1207.82
1207.82
1411.90
1277.81
1736.85
1490.99
1950.04
1274.23
1274.23
1443.97
1370.88
1795.02
1545.59
1969.72
872.48
753.38
872.48
753.38
1061.00
909.04
999.23
886.99
1531.92 1372.02
1196.12 1045.28
1728.81 1530.30
1240.02
1240.02
1476.74
1455.39
1851.37
1699.87
2095.84
1187.38
1206.09
1421.32
1473.18
1838.36
1699.64
2064.82
570.14
574.12
958.22
795.61
1142.61
1168.53
1515.53
737.92
737.92
1174.63
983.35
1335.41
1422.22
1774.28
808.24
808.24
1166.28
905.57
1580.45
1258.72
1933.60
897.78
897.78
1210.45
1048.62
1703.19
1367.07
2022.28
1960.63
2156.69
1297.18
1426.90
1243.86
1368.25
1575.39
1732.92
1565.08
1721.59
2536.66
2790.33
2738.17
3011.99
1971.63
2168.79
1754.45
1929.90
1950.04
2145.04
2002.44
2202.69
1734.44 1532.71
1907.89 1685.98
2095.84
2305.42
2064.82
2271.30
1570.38
1727.41
1830.69
2013.76
1933.60
2126.96
2038.95
2242.85
95.46
84.93
1.20
312.29
33.15
85.77
50.63
0.64
403.96
0.23
86.58
38.62
0.00
398.80
0.12
82.55
45.65
0.00
220.89
31.86
83.77
46.98
0.00
203.22
12.92
40.06
5.41
0.00
193.88
2.91
70.95
46.90
0.00
379.26
39.66
65.00
41.94
0.64
372.17
27.57
58.09
17.59
0.00
218.83
3.82
62.03
20.86
0.23
256.61
11.90
94.37
38.16
0.00
400.40
5.96
89.76
38.43
0.00
370.50
15.76
C2*
1978.16
C3
2175.98
ITEM
Seed
(kgs.)
102.01
98.98
Manure
(Quintals)
0.65
231.09
19.23

37.72
68.22
60.64
64.06
68.81
87.60
0.00
0.02
0.00
39.34
68.28
39.29
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.12
137.38
287.78
262.32
328.96
305.35
230.43
1.92
72.61
57.22
34.40
24.07
11.91
87.62
38.05
0.12
237.04
14.45
P - 68
Table - 4.8 (8 )
Gram : Break-up of Cost of Cultivation per hectare (In Rs.)

Andhra Pradesh
Bihar
Chhattisgarh
Haryana
Jharkhand
Karnataka
Madhya Pradesh
Maharashtra
Rajasthan
Uttar Pradesh
Cost Items
1
Operational Cost
Human Labour
Casual
Attached
Family
Total
Bullock Labour
Hired
Owned
Total
Machine Labour
Hired
Owned
Total
2010-11 2009-10 2010-11

2
3
4
16270.11 15070.10 10595.44
2009-10 2010-11
5
6
9795.37 10080.04
2009-10
7
8487.80
2010-11
8
9083.73
2009-10
9
7388.04
2010-11
10
9298.74
2009-10 2010-11 2009-10 2010-11 2009-10 2010-11 2009-10

11
12
13
14
15
16
17
7622.72 11753.15 11668.71 11037.21 10551.80 14346.89 12024.44
2010-11
18
8958.47
2009-10 2010-11 2009-10

19
20
21
9395.36 15128.88 11484.57
4235.09
80.55
1267.95
5583.59
4807.43
54.74
1597.97
6460.14
3072.62
5.99
689.48
3768.09
2870.62
7.95
635.42
3513.99
1068.09
0.00
2542.86
3610.95
695.22
0.00
2083.07
2778.29
438.41
0.00
5304.43
5742.84
557.57
0.00
3001.89
3559.46
2539.64
0.00
1952.56
4492.20
1690.00
0.00
1795.75
3485.75
3206.53
22.03
1816.30
5044.86
2433.54
1.66
1407.25
3842.45
1488.99
74.64
2086.14
3649.77
1380.81
60.64
1879.05
3320.50
3096.86
211.24
2419.21
5727.31
2282.82
106.58
1984.25
4373.65
880.05
19.51
3662.52
4562.08
502.29
50.09
3541.83
4094.21
1839.39
19.76
4749.94
6609.09
1719.37
14.45
2981.09
4714.91
288.61
642.38
930.99
336.75
958.40
1295.15
0.00
11.42
11.42
0.00
5.01
5.01
0.00
1217.52
1217.52
0.00
89.90
89.90
53.11
243.14
296.25
0.00
255.39
255.39
768.40
595.67
1364.07
568.84
392.71
961.55
896.57
348.16
1244.73
588.41
294.13
882.54
77.78
347.39
425.17
64.08
504.20
568.28
666.99
1529.26
2196.25
256.51
1228.46
1484.97
4.24
94.27
98.51
5.62
382.95
388.57
73.87
439.41
513.28
194.19
205.93
400.12
3200.03
37.74
3237.77
2378.39
16.13
2394.52
1738.58
18.14
1756.72
1679.00
6.59
1685.59
1656.68
163.84
1820.52
2105.24
134.87
2240.11
1319.33
356.93
1676.26
895.06
1167.27
2062.33
897.27
0.23
897.50
917.99
0.00
917.99
1216.65
237.27
1453.92
1443.79
345.71
1789.50
2576.51
103.44
2679.95
2230.93
211.86
2442.79
2141.13
123.65
2264.78
1913.73
115.62
2029.35
1767.41
44.80
1812.21
1209.96
224.86
1434.82
3429.77
551.73
3981.50
2767.38
170.91
2938.29
Seed
2194.56
2140.10
2218.07
2127.40
2060.59
2066.03
987.88
1016.28
2321.94
2080.86
1740.07
1632.76
2310.00
2259.28
2093.72
1877.41
1524.48
1794.00
2547.81
2348.86

Fertilisers
Manure
Total
1798.93
19.54
1818.47
1316.12
35.45
1351.57
844.30
9.62
853.92
660.08
0.00
660.08
806.20
0.00
806.20
717.03
0.00
717.03
84.57
0.00
84.57
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.42
0.00
0.42
0.00
0.00
0.00
681.54
0.00
681.54
1110.94
0.00
1110.94
646.10
8.32
654.42
590.97
6.18
597.15
872.95
0.00
872.95
652.02
60.80
712.82
298.61
0.00
298.61
352.60
6.79
359.39
624.86
0.00
624.86
601.39
0.00
601.39
2042.99 1015.63
0.00
3.63
454.61
408.25
7.13
1.11
10739.14 10040.03
5959.21 6159.60
3484.06 2136.30
1.55
0.90
302.11
331.02
16.94
1670.10
300.18
0.00
7928.76
7129.58
0.00
38.06
197.40
19.69
1506.04
277.57
0.00
6765.02
5878.67
0.00
38.97
247.88
335.86
0.00
228.40
0.00
6595.72
5326.11
0.00
3.19
260.05
393.63
1.80
194.08
6.93
5953.79
4469.37
0.00
3.27
339.01
18.52
162.89
114.52
0.00
6150.22
4384.01
0.00
0.00
171.05
0.00
361.67
132.91
0.00
5783.74
3916.03
0.00
0.00
142.15
0.00
0.00
222.61
0.00
5080.33
3949.53
0.00
11.05
449.46
0.00
0.00
176.57
0.00
4970.77
3779.21
0.00
9.13
442.03
1279.52
7.39
301.12
0.00
4721.44
3996.68
0.00
6.35
163.37
2040.67
58.90
310.95
0.00
4468.85
3529.08
0.00
8.16
156.95
482.50
559.02
271.24
5.14
7620.54
5855.42
0.00
5.55
404.82
506.20
584.05
262.81
10.74
7916.31
5873.82
0.00
5.81
420.63
324.67
500.31
361.44
5.46
6719.72
4059.00
0.00
27.82
479.34
484.75
750.58
304.24
6.67
6493.32
3311.19
195.54
25.25
509.66
256.38
245.72
160.48
0.00
5687.94
3409.12
43.62
3.31
233.69
121.24
3.38
1025.75
534.45
177.38
314.51
0.00
0.00
4990.80 10982.64
3089.08 9199.92
0.00
0.00
7.34
16.35
171.46
554.10
0.50
222.82
257.68
0.00
8224.58
6429.87
0.00
9.89
288.15
563.72
599.50
1006.37
1142.14
1595.16
1725.56
670.29
740.40
555.04
774.66
1354.75
1616.05
2153.56
2451.68
1998.20
1722.92
1496.67
Insecticides
Irrigation charges
Miscellaneous
Fixed Cost
Farm buildings
992.21
1412.21
1212.27
Total Cost
27009.25 25110.13 18524.20 16560.39 16675.76 14441.59 15233.95 13171.78 14379.07 12593.49 16474.59 16137.56
18657.75 18468.11 21066.61 18517.76 14646.41 14386.16
26111.52 19709.15

on new methodology)
16306.63 15070.10 12329.29 11114.71 10451.74
11104.28 10588.88 14345.89 12024.44
15128.88 11645.44

new methodology)
new methodology)
5620.11
6460.14
5501.94
4833.33
3982.65
8487.80
9223.17
7602.41
9341.95
7622.72 11753.15 11945.43
2778.29
5882.28
3773.83
4535.41
3485.75
5044.86
4119.07
27045.77 25110.13 20258.05 17879.73 17047.46 14441.59 15373.39 13386.15 14422.28 12593.49 16474.59 16414.28
3716.84
3357.58
5727.31
4373.65
9482.94
9850.85
5086.55
4549.70
18724.82 18505.19 21066.61 18517.76 15180.88 14841.65
6609.09
4875.78
26111.52 19870.02
P - 69
Table - 4.8 (9)
Gram : Variable Input Price Index

ANDHRA PRADESH
(Base 2005-06=100)
Indices
Weights
ITEMS
Human Labour
Bullock Labour
Machine Labour
Seeds
Fertilizer
Manure
Insecticide
Irrigation Charges
2010-11
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
0.35
0.06
0.20
0.14
0.11
0.00
0.13
0.00
287.39
208.02
126.69
137.61
113.35
110.41
111.04
107.47
307.34
228.82
138.40
143.12
147.34
112.62
112.34
107.43
338.08
237.97
145.32
148.84
153.24
114.87
113.46
108.51
BIHAR
(Base 2004-05=100)
Indices
Weights
ITEMS
Human Labour
Bullock Labour
Machine Labour
Seeds
Fertilizer
Manure
Insecticide
Irrigation Charges
2010-11
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
0.37
0.00
0.17
0.22
0.08
0.00
0.00
0.16
187.58
382.16
137.65
133.09
114.80
500.00
113.53
128.76
323.50
483.44
150.37
154.39
130.24
505.00
114.85
129.19
388.21
611.55
157.89
179.09
131.54
510.05
115.19
147.59
CHHATTISGARH
(Base 2004-05=100)
Indices
Weights
ITEMS
Human Labour
Bullock Labour
Machine Labour
Seeds
Fertilizer
Manure
Insecticide
Irrigation Charges
2010-11
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
0.37
0.12
0.18
0.21
0.08
0.00
0.03
0.00
272.46
269.81
137.65
146.31
111.68
106.15
113.53
102.28
313.33
275.20
150.37
149.23
137.84
107.21
114.85
222.51
360.33
280.71
153.38
152.22
141.98
108.29
116.00
224.74
HARYANA
(Base 2006-07=100)
Indices
Weights
ITEMS
Human Labour
Bullock Labour
Machine Labour
Seeds
Fertilizer
Manure
Insecticide
Irrigation Charges
2010-11
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
0.64
0.03
0.19
0.11
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.02
207.82
325.25
118.73
80.27
99.97
107.19
104.71
100.50
245.23
487.88
129.69
179.04
106.77
109.06
105.93
100.80
289.37
731.82
136.18
179.93
107.83
110.15
108.05
102.82
(Contd..)
P - 70
Table - 4.8 (9) Contd..

(Base 2004-05=100)
Indices
JHARKHAND
Weights
ITEMS
Human Labour
Bullock Labour
Machine Labour
Seeds
Fertilizer
Manure
Insecticide
Irrigation Charges
2010-11
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
0.49
0.15
0.10
0.26
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
204.65
98.32
137.65
174.65
100.00
100.00
113.53
128.76
225.12
99.30
150.37
192.12
100.00
100.00
114.85
131.33
247.63
100.29
157.89
211.33
105.00
105.00
117.15
133.96
(Base 2006-07=100)
Indices
KARNATAKA
Weights
ITEMS
Human Labour
Bullock Labour
Machine Labour
Seeds
Fertilizer
Manure
Insecticide
Irrigation Charges
2010-11
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
0.44
0.11
0.13
0.15
0.06
0.00
0.11
0.00
232.59
142.74
118.73
118.09
160.23
104.06
104.71
106.00
280.06
145.60
129.69
118.09
190.45
105.10
105.93
107.12
336.07
152.88
136.18
129.90
203.78
110.36
111.23
112.47
(Base 2004-05=100)
Indices
MAHARASHTRA
Weights
ITEMS
Human Labour
Bullock Labour
Machine Labour
Seeds
Fertilizer
Manure
Insecticide
Irrigation Charges
2010-11
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
0.41
0.16
0.16
0.15
0.06
0.00
0.02
0.04
230.38
161.52
137.65
141.47
109.46
111.52
113.53
140.13
297.50
171.21
150.37
144.30
104.10
113.75
114.85
139.45
342.13
188.33
165.41
148.63
109.31
119.44
118.30
143.64
MADHYA PRADESH
(Base 2004-05=100)
Indices
Weights
ITEMS
Human Labour
Bullock Labour
Machine Labour
Seeds
Fertilizer
Manure
Insecticide
Irrigation Charges
2010-11
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
0.34
0.04
0.25
0.21
0.06
0.00
0.04
0.05
224.66
182.17
137.65
167.32
106.37
222.58
113.53
141.18
251.62
202.21
150.37
187.18
117.00
233.71
114.85
177.40
284.33
224.45
168.42
204.03
128.70
247.73
120.59
186.27
(Contd..)
P - 71

(Base 2004-05=100)
Indices
RAJASTHAN
Weights
ITEMS
Human Labour
Bullock Labour
Machine Labour
Seeds
Fertilizer
Manure
Insecticide
Irrigation Charges
2010-11
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
0.52
0.01
0.21
0.17
0.03
0.00
0.03
0.03
211.03
150.30
137.65
188.31
109.46
107.21
113.53
146.77
255.46
168.34
150.37
209.02
115.50
108.81
114.85
151.74
288.67
188.54
162.40
232.01
125.90
110.45
117.15
154.77
UTTAR PRADESH
(Base 2004-05=100)
Indices
Weights
ITEMS
Human Labour
Bullock Labour
Machine Labour
Seeds
Fertilizer
Manure
Insecticide
Irrigation Charges
2010-11
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
0.45
0.03
0.27
0.17
0.04
0.00
0.00
0.04
212.44
116.83
137.65
156.98
104.42
561.68
113.53
185.93
222.38
134.36
150.37
185.23
110.64
562.24
114.85
189.81
260.18
157.20
171.42
222.28
119.49
562.81
120.59
199.30

P - 72
Table - 4.8 (10)
Lentil (Masur) : Estimates of Cost of Cultivation/Production and related data

Bihar
1
A1
A2
A2+FL
B1
B2
C1
C2
C2*
per hectare (Rs)
per hectare (Rs)
A1
A2
A2+FL
B1
B2
C1
C2
C2*
C3
ITEM
Seed
(kgs.)
Manure
(Quintals)
Jharkhand
Madhya Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh
West Bengal
2010-11
2
2009-10
3
2010-11
4
2009-10
5
2010-11
6
2009-10
7
2010-11
8
2009-10
9
2010-11
10
2009-10
11
7497.54
7497.54
8748.27
8014.02
14330.43
9264.75
15581.16
16438.76
9.21
30943.15
6214.76
6214.76
7328.19
6721.54
12788.87
7834.97
13902.30
14708.43
8.59
27415.57
3853.94
3853.94
5377.28
4116.79
10021.64
5640.13
11544.98
11757.42
6.29
19106.25
4377.08
4377.08
5247.23
4763.07
10461.59
5633.22
11331.74
11331.74
5.96
21326.92
7441.11
7441.11
8717.64
8046.12
11882.65
9322.64
13159.17
13160.90
4.86
14566.58
8426.78
8426.78
9963.47
8946.69
16068.14
10483.38
17604.82
17604.82
8.51
27405.50
8954.65
8954.65
11850.90
10595.12
19718.38
13891.36
22614.62
22771.39
9.86
29813.38
10164.53
10241.29
12659.82
11528.33
20172.89
13946.86
22591.42
22754.07
9.00
30128.62
11181.75
11181.75
15723.99
11959.37
19121.31
16501.61
23663.55
23663.55
9.06
27378.07
8811.80
8811.80
12509.43
9463.81
16962.22
13161.44
20659.85
20659.85
8.66
29038.47
1132.34
1056.26
868.75
842.31
779.54
1080.29
1160.67
973.13
1269.67
955.16
3359.73
3191.57
3037.56
3578.34
2997.24
3220.39
3023.67
3347.62
3021.86
3353.17
784.69
784.69
916.33
838.93
1512.67
957.94
1631.68
1722.36
1894.60
701.93
701.93
821.46
757.62
1446.64
870.83
1559.86
1650.71
1815.78
585.71
585.71
817.71
625.66
1523.06
857.17
1754.58
1787.93
1966.72
706.32
706.32
846.96
768.61
1688.17
909.02
1828.59
1828.59
2011.45
1473.72
1473.72
1702.64
1603.22
2322.83
1858.76
2578.37
2578.74
2836.62
941.55
941.55
1126.39
1001.38
1805.62
1185.46
1989.70
1989.70
2188.67
865.57
865.57
1156.88
1017.13
1890.67
1330.71
2204.25
2219.33
2441.26
1087.81
1104.39
1362.63
1240.39
2162.34
1509.55
2431.51
2449.04
2693.95
1178.35
1178.35
1658.62
1259.59
2010.45
1745.28
2496.15
2496.15
2745.77
922.17
922.17
1398.51
1066.32
1893.34
1484.28
2311.30
2311.30
2542.43
31.20
39.31
0.00
317.09
21.53
31.92
25.64
0.00
321.91
25.58
20.75
0.00
0.00
274.75
0.00
20.00
0.00
0.00
283.18
0.00
45.35
19.15
0.14
199.93
18.08
44.42
20.62
0.41
245.85
15.21
65.88
27.70
0.00
343.86
9.49
71.84
53.44
0.01
337.98
14.47
43.68
54.67
0.92
484.22
103.61
41.63
47.15
1.92
500.97
85.04


P - 73
Table - 4.8 (11)
Lentil (Masur) : Break-up of Cost of Cultivation per hectare (In Rs.)

Bihar
Madhya Pradesh
Jharkhand
Uttar Pradesh
West Bengal
Cost Items
2010-11
2
8544.14
2009-10
3
7099.37
2010-11
4
5224.24
2009-10
5
4999.91
2010-11
6
8352.69
2009-10
7
9637.62
2010-11
8
11404.07
2009-10
9
12311.17
2010-11
10
15321.22
2009-10
11
12248.64
2205.69
4.75
1250.73
3461.17
1974.46
7.53
1113.43
3095.42
2075.00
0.00
1523.34
3598.34
2550.77
0.00
870.15
3420.92
1769.13
31.53
1276.53
3077.19
1854.19
16.89
1536.69
3407.77
1861.55
271.05
2896.25
5028.85
1600.96
127.11
2418.53
4146.60
3607.20
9.11
4542.24
8158.55
2339.38
12.35
3697.63
6049.36
14.61
512.88
527.49
14.64
488.31
502.95
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
140.27
156.75
297.02
151.80
169.59
321.39
16.84
444.53
461.37
93.40
1076.53
1169.93
1651.84
893.08
2544.92
569.96
1224.15
1794.11
1971.59
26.85
1998.44
1162.39
1227.10
11.75
1238.85
1146.91
825.00
0.00
825.00
688.75
653.85
0.00
653.85
800.00
2539.13
49.88
2589.01
1488.93
2690.92
62.06
2752.98
1803.64
1857.99
629.50
2487.49
2482.61
1718.27
497.24
2215.51
3158.42
810.46
17.55
828.01
1961.96
903.40
24.92
928.32
2116.48
734.82
0.00
734.82
0.00
438.82
221.01
0.00
7037.02
6316.41
0.00
30.52
173.62
455.42
0.00
455.42
0.00
478.43
181.39
0.00
6802.93
6067.34
0.00
29.33
199.48
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
112.15
0.00
6320.74
5904.85
0.00
34.19
118.85
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
125.14
0.00
6331.83
5698.52
0.00
30.34
216.98
319.11
4.32
323.43
296.28
63.49
214.43
2.91
4806.48
3836.53
0.00
5.64
359.31
319.97
20.34
340.31
561.69
189.16
245.48
15.20
7967.20
7121.45
0.00
5.92
319.92
450.37
0.00
450.37
0.00
235.57
257.81
0.00
11210.55
9123.26
0.00
14.09
432.73
908.86
0.19
909.05
0.00
411.88
299.78
0.00
10280.25
8567.79
76.77
12.18
259.70
1081.77
73.35
1155.12
46.77
299.25
326.64
0.00
8342.33
7161.94
0.00
121.98
280.78
885.23
64.62
949.85
9.04
142.36
259.12
0.00
8411.21
7498.41
0.00
45.55
215.23
516.47
506.78
262.85
385.99
605.00
519.91
1640.47
1363.81
777.63
652.02
15581.16
13902.30
11544.98
11331.74
13159.17
17604.82
22614.62
22591.42
23663.55
20659.85

on new methodology)
9401.74
7905.50
5436.68
4999.91
8354.42
9637.62
11560.84
12473.82
15321.22
12248.64

new methodology)
4318.77
3901.55
3810.78
3420.92
3078.92
3407.77
5185.62
4309.25
8158.55
6049.36
16438.76
14708.43
11757.42
11331.74
13160.90
17604.82
22771.39
22754.07
23663.55
20659.85
1
Operational Cost
Human Labour
Casual
Attached
Family
Total
Bullock Labour
Hired
Owned
Total
Machine Labour
Hired
Owned
Total
Seed
Fertilisers
Manure
Total
Insecticides
Irrigation charges
Miscellaneous
Fixed Cost
Farm buildings
Total Cost

new methodology)
P - 74
Table - 4.8 (12)
Lentil (Masur) : Variable Input Price Index

(Base 2004-05=100)
BIHAR
Weights
Indices
ITEMS
Human Labour
Bullock Labour
Machine Labour
Seeds
Fertilizer
Manure
Insecticide
Irrigation Charges
2010-11
0.42
0.06
0.24
0.14
0.09
0.00
0.00
0.05
2010-11
178.24
239.23
137.65
210.51
114.80
119.41
113.53
128.76
2011-12
262.69
264.35
150.37
367.23
130.24
121.79
114.85
129.19
JHARKHAND
2012-13
283.70
292.10
157.89
367.23
131.54
124.23
115.19
147.59
(Base 2004-05=100)
Weights
Indices
ITEMS
Human Labour
Bullock Labour
Machine Labour
Seeds
Fertilizer
Manure
Insecticide
Irrigation Charges
2010-11
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
0.70
0.00
0.16
0.13
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
179.83
181.22
137.65
277.94
100.00
106.15
113.53
128.76
197.81
190.28
150.37
347.42
100.00
111.46
114.85
131.33
217.60
199.79
157.89
434.28
110.00
120.38
117.15
133.96
(Base 2004-05=100)
MADHYA PRADESH
Weights
Indices
ITEMS
Human Labour
Bullock Labour
Machine Labour
Seeds
Fertilizer
Manure
Insecticide
Irrigation Charges
2010-11
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
0.38
0.04
0.32
0.18
0.04
0.00
0.04
0.01
224.32
111.45
137.65
262.86
106.37
106.15
113.53
141.18
251.24
122.59
150.37
276.00
117.00
106.68
114.85
177.40
281.39
134.85
168.42
289.81
128.70
107.22
120.59
186.27
(Contd..)
P - 75
Lentil (Masur) : Variable Input Price Index

UTTAR PRADESH
(Base 2004-05=100)
Weights
Indices
ITEMS
Human Labour
Bullock Labour
Machine Labour
Seeds
Fertilizer
Manure
Insecticide
Irrigation Charges
2010-11
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
0.45
0.04
0.22
0.22
0.04
0.00
0.00
0.02
226.44
363.01
137.65
289.93
104.42
130.47
113.53
185.93
260.40
442.87
150.37
339.22
110.64
136.99
114.85
189.81
299.46
540.30
165.41
396.88
119.49
143.84
120.59
199.30
WEST BENGAL
(Base 2008-08=100)
Weights
Indices
ITEMS
Human Labour
Bullock Labour
Machine Labour
Seeds
Fertilizer
Manure
Insecticide
Irrigation Charges
2010-11
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
0.54
0.17
0.06
0.13
0.07
0.00
0.00
0.02
166.02
125.05
110.27
113.92
103.98
421.05
102.78
104.04
198.52
131.30
120.46
131.01
103.98
425.26
103.98
110.78
277.93
135.24
124.08
144.11
112.30
438.02
108.14
115.21

P - 76
Table - 4.8 (13)
Rapeseed & Mustard : Estimates of Cost of Cultivation/Production and related data

Assam
2010-11
1
2
A1
8582.79
A2
8606.40
A2+FL
14693.70
B1
9474.76
B2
12606.84
C1
15562.06
C2
18694.15
C2*
Yield/ha (Quintals)
per hectare (Rs)
per hectare (Rs)
Bihar
2009-10
3
6815.95
6830.52
12029.73
7689.25
10180.83
12888.46
15380.05
2010-11
4
9776.63
9776.63
13476.44
10526.34
18029.70
14226.15
21729.52
Gujarat
2009-10
5
9200.26
9200.26
11845.69
9867.65
16225.03
12513.08
18870.46
2010-11
6
13348.35
13348.35
16659.48
14832.96
22099.03
18144.10
25410.16
2009-10
7
12395.25
12395.25
15175.53
14094.85
19963.19
16875.13
22743.47
Haryana
2010-11
8
10117.54
10117.54
14120.12
12108.00
25580.58
16110.58
29583.16
2009-10
9
Madhya Pradesh
2010-11
10
2009-10
11
Rajasthan
2010-11
12
10800.14
10800.14
16573.39
13749.38
24980.68
19522.63
30753.93
7860.08 6748.79
7860.08 6748.79
10554.61 9341.63
10396.84 9036.00
19955.00 16089.42
13091.67 11629.07
22649.54 18682.26
7211.61
7455.36
11767.67
10135.90
16516.95
14448.21
20829.25
2009-10
13
7779.71
7811.19
11703.04
11332.24
16915.63
15224.09
20807.48
Uttar Pradesh
2010-11
14
8562.80
8699.57
13667.83
11224.22
21798.39
16192.48
26766.64
2009-10
15
8577.49
8636.48
12183.16
11094.40
20861.44
14641.09
24408.12
West Bengal
2010-11
16
13053.85
13393.34
21519.70
13578.41
22306.31
21704.77
30432.66
2009-10
17
12046.04
12592.64
17457.63
12649.97
19533.21
17514.96
24398.20
18694.15 15605.15
22465.17 19313.28
26808.44 24599.38
29760.59 31449.78
22649.54 18791.46
21172.54 20854.88
26766.64 24578.11
30432.66 24516.36
6.73
6.52
14234.51 13296.14
10.46
8.63
23774.54 20651.91
18.36
15.77
42799.46 34560.87
20.43
17.69
45946.66 38762.70
15.88
12.91
35966.14 26712.04
15.87
14.26
35281.54 31248.99
16.26
15.69
37944.68 33665.27
13.38
10.94
33623.10 26527.94
0.00
0.00
1654.57
1025.01
788.23
642.11
4998.10
4576.21
2266.49
1500.76
2167.21
2284.96
1904.53
1656.57
1140.02
520.95
2115.08
2039.29
2272.90
2393.04
2331.13
2191.56
2248.98
2191.22
2264.87
2069.10
2223.16
2191.37
2333.62
2145.65
2512.94
2424.86
1053.46
1054.83
1845.05
1190.03
1556.94
1991.72
2358.63
2393.43
2632.77
829.43
829.43
1204.55
924.68
1530.16
1338.35
1943.83
2010.55
2211.61
1031.57
1031.57
1307.71
1127.28
1799.06
1416.25
2088.03
2136.80
2350.48
718.07
718.07
890.97
797.16
1182.67
973.93
1359.44
1434.04
1577.44
774.05
774.05
944.75
879.13
1244.28
1051.24
1416.38
1531.48
1684.63
446.39
446.39
623.34
534.59
1129.15
711.40
1305.96
1314.03
1445.43
536.64
536.64
837.95
694.83
1259.36
990.98
1555.52
1590.79
1749.86
454.41
454.41
625.25
610.61
1181.50
769.38
1340.27
1340.27
1474.30
493.24
493.24
685.11
668.46
1169.94
860.12
1361.60
1369.90
1506.89
430.40
446.14
698.59
600.88
981.05
858.54
1238.71
1258.75
1384.63
507.22
509.18
764.17
745.05
1105.95
996.22
1357.13
1360.38
1496.41
503.54
510.64
800.41
658.98
1274.78
954.08
1569.88
1569.88
1726.87
523.18
527.10
740.08
681.82
1270.29
893.66
1482.13
1492.56
1641.81
955.67
985.73
1555.60
996.68
1621.46
1573.60
2198.38
2198.38
2418.22
1081.35
1129.04
1565.03
1134.91
1753.64
1568.50
2187.23
2197.51
2417.26
10.17
39.81
9.04
521.98
201.93
5.75
78.89
6.56
564.16
19.73
6.17
101.39
10.40
486.11
27.38
5.71
143.36
0.00
522.05
5.27
5.50
144.52
0.90
485.32
7.18
3.51
136.57
0.00
212.95
3.95
3.72
130.80
0.00
274.17
3.77
6.86
90.55
1.22
268.91
11.10
6.46
86.17
0.00
246.76
6.18
5.61
78.26
0.63
299.71
3.12
5.97
88.42
1.85
313.50
3.58
5.68
114.03
1.91
424.84
11.33
5.93
111.17
0.67
414.75
8.34
7.57
108.30
7.55
768.52
91.54
7.90
115.92
6.33
704.87
83.97

A1
1281.67
A2
1284.44
A2+FL
2183.31
B1
1407.67
B2
1863.70
C1
2320.70
C2
2776.73
C2*
2776.73
C3
3054.40
ITEM
Seed
(kgs.)
10.37
39.61
Manure
(Quintals)
8.37
556.24
193.32


P - 77
Table - 4.8 (14)
Rapeseed & Mustard : Break-up of Cost of Cultivation per hectare (In Rs.)
Assam
Bihar
Gujarat
Haryana
Madhya Pradesh
Rajasthan
Uttar Pradesh
West Bengal
Cost Items
1
Operational Cost
Human Labour
Casual
Attached
Family
Total
Bullock Labour
Hired
Owned
Total
Machine Labour
Hired
Owned
Total
Seed
Fertilisers
Manure
Total
Insecticides
Irrigation charges
Miscellaneous
Fixed Cost
Farm buildings
2010-11 2009-10 2010-11 2009-10 2010-11 2009-10 2010-11 2009-10 2010-11

2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
14300.52 11636.31 13223.58 11581.82 16509.24 14989.07 13913.95 16300.27 10207.21
2009-10 2010-11 2009-10 2010-11 2009-10 2010-11 2009-10

11
12
13
14
15
16
17
8997.14 11243.33 11407.11 13025.11 11706.42 20943.42 16648.80
1271.98
1142.97
6087.30
8502.25
683.66
745.63
5199.21
6628.50
3024.37
224.03
3699.81
6948.21
2629.78
173.62
2645.43
5448.83
1746.37
69.85
3311.13
5127.35
1279.47
150.84
2780.28
4210.59
1860.17
9.35
4002.58
5872.10
1510.75
42.36
5773.25
7326.36
1531.68
0.00
2694.53
4226.21
856.24
0.00
2592.84
3449.08
1043.89
108.89
4312.31
5465.09
867.40
99.63
3891.85
4858.88
959.87
58.10
4968.26
5986.23
15.96
3127.20
3143.16
18.53
2578.12
2596.65
25.21
606.97
632.18
17.09
695.38
712.47
185.49
100.94
286.43
178.33
235.98
414.31
34.04
153.77
187.81
13.14
198.79
211.93
108.59
166.07
274.66
120.07
103.54
223.61
10.65
67.05
77.70
5.48
134.22
139.70
10.02
531.07
541.09
80.60
690.87
771.47
965.95
1101.93
2067.88
591.05
1058.62
1649.67
457.96
23.68
481.64
285.11
10.28
295.39
1577.06
38.61
1615.67
1261.91
119.79
1381.70
3102.26
151.67
3253.93
3135.04
104.98
3240.02
2966.65
779.31
3745.96
2686.44
1043.36
3729.80
2275.44
681.04
2956.48
1944.96
480.29
2425.25
2776.11
66.38
2842.49
2297.29
243.02
2540.31
2003.93
291.50
2295.43
2012.81
229.93
2242.74
1467.82
37.91
1505.73
958.18
45.62
1003.80
371.63
347.10
473.90
406.45
687.16
318.63
394.63
342.08
237.69
227.29
443.96
446.40
405.06
450.21
360.99
378.78
850.56
629.63
1480.19
909.49
599.62
1509.11
1363.31
131.26
1494.57
1657.73
207.94
1865.67
2038.13
0.00
2038.13
1898.79
36.09
1934.88
1887.30
0.00
1887.30
1682.20
0.00
1682.20
1352.36
122.00
1474.36
1188.41
0.00
1188.41
1164.51
27.06
1191.57
1200.07
61.27
1261.34
1651.01
76.44
1727.45
1473.25
21.65
1494.90
2032.49
502.76
2535.25
1845.57
398.30
2243.87
28.90
43.86
248.89
0.00
4393.63
3108.47
23.61
31.82
337.76
19.01
45.49
195.06
0.00
3743.74
2477.02
14.57
28.59
350.26
88.47
1681.98
288.60
0.00
8505.94
7503.37
0.00
34.75
218.12
183.84
1310.46
270.80
1.60
7288.64
6357.38
0.00
33.50
230.37
31.51
4684.79
399.94
0.00
8900.92
7266.07
0.00
8.47
141.77
125.15
185.22
221.35
186.29
4375.53 1340.59 2467.55
614.29
369.96
300.34
319.00
227.66
0.00
0.00
0.00
9.57
7754.40 15669.21 14453.66 12442.33
5868.33 13472.58 11231.30 9558.16
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
8.93
0.00
0.00
8.84
177.54
206.15
273.12
338.57
244.89
1025.74
194.07
18.80
9685.12
7053.20
0.00
11.58
332.91
22.66
989.83
210.03
0.00
9585.92
6137.30
243.75
9.34
271.24
21.68
0.97
30.33
1911.06 1824.73 1455.12
227.74
244.15
247.26
0.00
0.00
0.00
9400.37 13741.53 12701.70
5551.91 10437.40 9708.04
31.48
136.76
58.99
11.30
17.80
18.91
253.15
488.15
398.85
306.57
1628.14
388.40
0.70
9489.24
8388.41
339.49
30.12
206.67
363.59
1759.68
357.09
2.24
7749.40
6336.63
546.60
27.33
234.90
891.97
873.30
749.70
667.39
1484.61
1699.60
2287.43
2924.29
3552.53
524.55
603.94
1990.48
2949.24
2536.76
2661.42
1423.26 3999.59
44.45
23.81
3546.68 8126.36
5014.39 12149.76
2516.91
4019.33
5.76
4864.99
8890.08
Total Cost
18694.15 15380.05 21729.52 18870.46 25410.16 22743.47 29583.16 30753.93 22649.54 18682.26 20829.25 20807.48 26766.64 24408.12 30432.66 24398.20

on new methodology)
14300.52 11861.41 13959.23 12024.64 17907.52 16844.98 14091.38 16996.12 10207.21

new methodology)
new methodology)
8502.25
6853.60
7683.86
5891.65
6525.63
6066.50
6049.53
8022.21
4226.21
9106.34 11586.62 11454.51 13025.11 11876.41 20943.42 16766.36
3558.28
5808.38
4906.28
5986.23
5184.38 12149.76
9008.24
18694.15 15605.15 22465.17 19313.28 26808.44 24599.38 29760.59 31449.78 22649.54 18791.46 21172.54 20854.88 26766.64 24578.11 30432.66 24516.36
P - 78
Table - 4.8 (15)
Rapeseed & Mustard : Variable Input Price Index

ASSAM
(Base 2004-05=100)
Indices
Weights
ITEMS
Human Labour
Bullock Labour
Machine Labour
Seeds
Fertilizer
Manure
Insecticide
Irrigation Charges
2010-11
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
0.61
0.22
0.03
0.03
0.06
0.04
0.00
0.00
173.57
211.26
137.65
149.90
122.97
150.00
113.53
110.11
173.57
228.16
150.37
157.39
179.06
153.00
114.85
114.04
194.40
241.85
159.39
165.26
188.02
156.06
117.15
116.33
BIHAR
(Base 2008-09=100)
Indices
Weights
ITEMS
Human Labour
Bullock Labour
Machine Labour
Seeds
Fertilizer
Manure
Insecticide
Irrigation Charges
2010-11
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
0.54
0.05
0.12
0.04
0.11
0.01
0.01
0.13
136.03
104.21
110.27
117.14
114.03
100.00
102.78
109.71
177.67
116.71
120.46
126.51
129.36
100.10
103.98
110.08
199.00
130.72
126.49
136.63
130.66
102.10
109.18
115.58
GUJARAT
(Base 2004-05=100)
Indices
Weights
ITEMS
Human Labour
Bullock Labour
Machine Labour
Seeds
Fertilizer
Manure
Insecticide
Irrigation Charges
2010-11
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
0.32
0.02
0.20
0.04
0.13
0.00
0.00
0.29
131.98
190.82
137.65
320.31
117.31
100.60
113.53
125.76
198.96
200.36
150.37
326.71
127.08
100.70
114.85
120.56
212.89
210.38
154.88
333.25
131.69
100.90
119.44
126.58
HARYANA
(Base 2004-05=100)
Indices
Weights
ITEMS
Human Labour
Bullock Labour
Machine Labour
Seeds
Fertilizer
Manure
Insecticide
Irrigation Charges
2010-11
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
0.43
0.01
0.28
0.03
0.14
0.00
0.01
0.10
229.15
184.97
137.65
224.46
100.18
106.15
113.53
101.07
286.43
214.56
150.37
258.12
108.20
111.46
114.85
101.37
358.04
253.19
172.93
296.84
124.43
128.18
132.08
116.57
(Contd..)
P - 79
Rapeseed & Mustard : Variable Input Price Index
(Base 2004-05=100)
Indices
MADHYA PRADESH
Weights
ITEMS
Human Labour
Bullock Labour
Machine Labour
Seeds
Fertilizer
Manure
Insecticide
Irrigation Charges
2010-11
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
0.42
0.03
0.30
0.02
0.14
0.01
0.02
0.06
210.08
259.23
137.65
209.31
106.37
106.15
113.53
141.18
262.59
311.08
150.37
221.87
117.00
107.21
114.85
177.40
328.24
373.29
172.93
255.15
134.55
123.30
132.08
204.01
(Base 2004-05=100)
Indices
RAJASTHAN
Weights
ITEMS
Human Labour
Bullock Labour
Machine Labour
Seeds
Fertilizer
Manure
Insecticide
Irrigation Charges
2010-11
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
0.50
0.01
0.26
0.04
0.11
0.00
0.00
0.09
198.61
102.53
137.65
231.47
109.46
134.38
113.53
146.77
274.87
112.78
150.37
268.51
115.50
137.06
114.85
151.74
302.35
118.42
162.40
295.36
125.90
139.80
117.15
154.77
(Base 2004-05=100)
Indices
UTTAR PRADESH
Weights
ITEMS
Human Labour
Bullock Labour
Machine Labour
Seeds
Fertilizer
Manure
Insecticide
Irrigation Charges
2010-11
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
0.47
0.04
0.18
0.03
0.13
0.01
0.00
0.14
190.89
133.15
137.65
215.31
104.42
210.53
113.53
185.93
234.09
153.12
150.37
236.84
110.64
210.74
114.85
189.81
285.59
176.08
172.93
272.36
121.70
231.81
126.34
208.79
(Base 2004-05=100)
Indices
WEST BENGAL
Weights
ITEMS
Human Labour
Bullock Labour
Machine Labour
Seeds
Fertilizer
Manure
Insecticide
Irrigation Charges
2010-11
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
0.59
0.10
0.07
0.02
0.10
0.02
0.01
0.08
210.05
157.92
137.65
178.08
103.98
119.64
113.53
120.58
161.18
181.60
150.37
204.79
103.98
130.41
114.85
128.39
209.53
227.01
180.45
245.75
124.78
143.45
126.34
141.22

P - 80
Table - 4.8 (16)
Safflower: Estimates of Cost of Cultivation/Production and related data
1
A1
A2
A2+FL
B1
B2
C1
C2
C2*
per hectare (Rs)
per hectare (Rs)
A1
A2
A2+FL
B1
B2
C1
C2
C2*
C3
ITEM
Seed
(kgs.)
Manure
(Quintals)
Maharashtra
2010-11
2009-10
2
3
2009-10
5
8482.47
8482.47
11834.06
10082.01
13531.49
13433.60
16883.08
8832.38
8832.38
12161.56
10216.90
12597.49
13546.08
15926.66
4148.04
4148.04
6443.38
4521.26
6453.60
6816.60
8748.94
4189.31
4189.31
5512.60
4828.01
6898.58
6151.30
8221.87
16883.08
15926.66
8748.94
8221.87
8.26
20692.76
5.39
14228.14
3.48
8344.59
4.10
8513.45
0.00
52.48
115.00
111.95
2505.18
2639.73
2397.87
2076.45
1023.64
1023.64
1432.69
1217.74
1637.18
1623.74
2043.18
1664.92
1664.92
2248.03
1917.72
2363.38
2497.75
2943.40
1319.41
1319.41
1826.38
1393.79
1897.06
1973.80
2477.07
1009.16
1009.16
1327.09
1243.68
1688.50
1536.29
1981.11
2043.18
2247.50
2943.40
3237.74
2477.07
2724.78
1981.11
2179.22
16.57
13.17
0.00
501.43
64.30
22.84
44.54
1.97
395.15
37.84
12.09
44.68
0.00
242.18
18.79
9.76
29.22
0.00
243.72
21.96

Karnataka
2010-11
4
P - 81
Table - 4.8 (17)
Safflower: Break-up of Cost of Cultivation per hectare (In Rs.)

Cost Items
1
Operational Cost
Human Labour
Casual
Attached
Family
Total
Bullock Labour
Hired
Owned
Total
Machine Labour
Hired
Owned
Total
Seed
Fertilisers
Manure
Total
Insecticides
Irrigation charges
Miscellaneous
Fixed Cost
Farm buildings
Maharashtra
2010-11
2009-10
2
3
11436.54
11706.21
Karnataka
2010-11
2009-10
4
5
6315.06
5292.43
3308.58
766.16
3351.59
7426.33
1272.93
433.02
3329.18
5035.13
1123.08
240.99
2295.34
3659.41
1989.66
18.04
1323.29
3330.99
553.76
1831.83
2385.59
616.45
1245.11
1861.56
379.66
346.41
726.07
542.68
201.85
744.53
0.00
27.32
27.32
732.88
2798.45
0.00
2798.45
876.62
578.63
19.79
598.42
247.86
167.12
0.00
167.12
195.40
246.95
0.00
246.95
67.96
304.51
245.00
0.00
5446.54
3449.48
0.00
22.52
375.00
695.98
157.30
853.28
27.32
0.00
253.85
0.00
4220.45
2380.58
0.00
30.83
424.52
803.73
0.00
803.73
157.76
0.00
121.81
0.00
2433.88
1932.33
0.00
9.00
119.33
428.07
0.00
428.07
303.40
2.64
120.28
0.00
2929.44
2070.57
0.00
6.27
213.90
1599.54
1384.52
373.22
638.70
Total Cost
16883.08
15926.66
8748.94
8221.87

on new methodology)
11436.54
11706.21
6315.06
5292.43

new methodology)
7426.33
5035.13
3659.41
3330.99
16883.08
15926.66
8748.94
8221.87

new methodology)
P - 82
Table - 4.8 (18)
Safflower : Variable Input Price Index

(Base 2005-06=100)
Indices
KARNATAKA
Weights
ITEMS
Human Labour
Bullock Labour
Machine Labour
Seeds
Fertilizer
Manure
Insecticide
Irrigation Charges
2010-11
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
0.59
0.12
0.10
0.04
0.13
0.00
0.03
0.00
242.68
222.68
126.69
135.21
114.10
100.00
111.04
109.81
296.59
233.82
138.40
144.67
160.23
100.00
112.34
110.97
397.43
294.61
173.00
180.84
200.29
125.00
140.43
138.71
(Base 2004-05=100)
Indices
MAHARASHTRA
Weights
ITEMS
Human Labour
Bullock Labour
Machine Labour
Seeds
Fertilizer
Manure
Insecticide
Irrigation Charges
2010-11
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
0.66
0.21
0.00
0.07
0.02
0.00
0.01
0.03
263.70
170.13
137.65
165.90
109.46
100.00
113.53
140.13
347.23
178.64
150.37
177.52
104.10
100.00
114.85
139.45
434.04
200.07
168.42
198.82
116.59
110.00
126.34
153.40

P - 83
Table - 4.9
INDEX OF INPUT-OUTPUT PRICE PARITY BASED ON INDEX OF TERMS OF TRADE
YEAR
1
WEIGHTS
1981-82
1982-83
1983-84
1984-85
1985-86
1986-87
1987-88
1988-89
1989-90
1990-91
1991-92
1992-93
1993-94
1994-95
1995-96
1996-97
1997-98
1998-99
1999-00
2000-01
2001-02
2002-03
2003-04
2004-05
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08*
2008-09*
2009-10*
INDEX OF PRICES PAID FOR

INTERCAPITAL
PRICES
MEDIATE
FORMATION
PAID
CONSUMPTION
FOR INPUT
2
21.63
88.5
91.1
91.0
92.3
94.3
98.7
102.3
96.9
99.2
104.0
119.4
139.5
152.9
166.1
174.2
181.5
192.0
197.1
203.9
230.4
235.2
252.7
259.1
264.5
277.1
284.6
301.5
332.8
355.0
56.9
62.6
67.4
72.5
76.4
78.8
82.5
90.9
100.6
108.5
127.2
137.5
147.3
158.4
176.1
188.8
196.7
206.8
212.6
227.0
240.4
245.2
255.7
305.6
310.5
327.8
356.1
380.1
394.0
4.83
(T.E 1990-91=100)
PRICES
INDEX OF
RECEIVED
INPUT-OUTPUT
FOR OUTPUT PRICE PARITY
4
26.46
82.8
85.9
86.7
88.7
91.0
95.0
98.6
95.8
99.4
104.8
120.8
139.1
151.8
164.7
174.5
182.8
192.9
198.9
205.5
229.8
236.1
251.3
258.5
272.0
283.2
292.5
311.5
341.4
362.1
54.9
60.3
64.2
68.0
70.4
76.7
86.0
90.3
97.5
112.3
130.8
138.7
151.4
171.1
182.9
190.6
205.9
220.8
219.8
225.0
235.3
247.9
251.2
258.2
275.8
291.2
324.3
350.9
411.6
150.7
142.5
134.9
130.4
129.3
124.0
114.7
106.1
102.0
93.4
92.4
100.3
100.3
96.2
95.5
95.9
93.7
90.1
93.5
102.1
100.4
101.4
102.9
105.3
102.7
100.4
96.0
97.3
88.0
* Provisional
T.E : Triennium Ending
Source:- Directorate of Economics & Statistics, M/o Agriculture.
P - 84
Table - 5.1
State-wise Compound Annual Rate of Growth in Area, Production and Yield of Wheat During Decades of
1990s vis-a-vis 2000s
(Percent)
S.No.
Crops
Growth in Decade of 1990s *
Growth in Decade of 2000s #
Area Production Yield
CV
CV
(in yield)
(in yield)
01 Bihar
0.25
0.14
-0.11
10.03
02 Jharkhand
6.19
6.65
0.30
15.79
03 Bihar + Jharkhand
0.75
2.72
1.95
8.55
0.51
0.25
-0.27
9.58
04 Gujarat
-1.70
-0.23
1.26
9.32
9.91
12.69
2.42
13.00
05 Haryana
2.20
3.99
1.74
5.54
0.70
1.75
1.04
8.25
06 Himachal Pradesh
-0.13
-1.64
-1.56
21.86
-0.28
-0.01
0.28
18.36
07 Jammu & Kashmir
0.68
0.93
0.54
24.60
0.92
1.93
0.78
17.26
08 Karnataka
2.14
6.70
4.17
16.30
-0.23
0.84
1.07
22.65
09 Madhya Pradesh
2.30
4.56
2.20
10.98
10 Chhattisgarh
2.11
2.93
0.83
9.44
11 Madhya Pd + Chhattisgarh
1.77
3.83
1.92
9.66
1.42
2.89
1.54
10.92
12 Maharashtra
1.87
4.18
2.27
14.91
2.07
4.05
1.88
12.21
13 Punjab
0.38
2.43
2.04
7.87
0.29
0.36
0.07
5.43
14 Rajasthan
3.95
4.63
0.67
11.18
0.68
2.32
1.61
6.30
15 Uttar Pradesh
0.41
1.32
0.90
7.19
16 Uttarakhand
0.04
1.63
1.60
10.40
17 Uttar Pd + Uttarakhand
0.93
2.91
1.97
6.99
0.47
1.34
0.86
7.24
18 West Bengal
3.21
4.96
1.53
5.90
-2.29
-0.88
1.45
5.90
19 All-India
1.30
3.07
1.74
5.96
0.86
1.64
0.76
6.09
* During T.E. 2000-01 over T.E. 1991-92
# During T.E. 2011-12 over T.E. 2001-02
P - 85
Table - 5.2
State-wise Compound Annual Rate of Growth in Area, Production and Yield of Barley During Decades of
(Percent)
S.N
Crops
o.
CV
CV
(in yield)
(in yield)
-3.33
-0.73
-6.12
5.52
0.86
2.65
12.56
11.88
9.88
02 Haryana
-3.19
-0.12
3.20
0.95
2.90
1.88
11.55
14.02
03 Himachal Pradesh
-0.62
-2.01
-1.46
-1.39
-1.59
-0.26
24.37
-0.20
1.44
04 Madhya Pradesh
1.65
11.54
-3.52
-5.30
05 Chhattisgarh
-1.83
18.16
-1.20
-0.28
0.88
9.74
-0.23
1.35
1.59
11.30
07 Punjab
-2.99
-0.99
2.13
9.33
-7.06
-6.74
0.38
4.46
08 Rajasthan
-1.22
-0.38
0.92
11.53
3.31
6.19
2.63
11.35
-4.46
-4.47
09 Uttar Pradesh
-0.02
7.33
-0.34
0.85
10 Uttarakhand
1.16
17.75
-3.14
-1.16
2.00
7.7 -4.16
-4.42
-0.27
7.28
21.02
12 West Bengal
-6.34
-10.01
-4.39
-5.96
-1.36
4.81
18.06
13 All-India
-2.34
-0.87
1.50
6.71
-0.80
0.66
1.42
9.08
* During T.E. 2000-01 over T.E. 1991-92
# During T.E. 2011-12 over T.E. 2001-02
P - 86
Table - 5.3
State-wise Compound Annual Rate of Growth in Area, Production and Yield of Gram During Decades of 1990s visa-vis 2000s
(Percent)
S.No.
Crops
CV
CV
(in yield)
(in yield)
9.70
10.62
1.32
01 Andhra Pradesh
17.77
-5.29
-3.93
1.38
15.93
5.72
6.29
0.50
8.62
03 Haryana
-8.91
-8.37
-0.17
21.89
-2.61
-0.58
2.19
20.37
04 Karnataka
4.86
10.88
5.62
20.74
8.02
7.75
-0.32
16.07
0.85
2.89
1.95
9.86
2.75
3.61
0.92
12.99
06 Maharashtra
3.78
5.35
1.48
17.21
4.36
7.89
3.41
18.41
07 Punjab
-15.11
-13.49
2.26
12.80
-9.43
-7.12
2.65
17.17
08 Rajasthan
1.56
2.75
0.65
15.33
4.17
5.09
0.65
20.96
-3.15
-2.33
09 Uttar Pradesh
0.89
15.43
-2.89
-2.01
10 Uttarakhand
0.63
35.80
8.29
-3.64
-2.92
0.73
-3.10
-2.40
0.76
16.77
13.25
12 West Bengal
3.48
6.19
1.88
-5.95
-3.97
2.20
12.73
13 All-India
0.12
1.42
1.24
7.34
3.41
4.43
1.04
7.51
* During T.E. 2000-01 over T.E. 1991-92
# During T.E. 2011-12 over T.E. 2001-02
P - 87
Table - 5.4
State-wise Compound Annual Rate of Growth in Area, Production and Yield of Lentil During Decades of
(Percent)
S.N
Crops
o.
CV
CV
(in yield)
(in yield)
-0.38
1.47
1.86
16.64
1.74
0.98
-0.83
9.35
02 Haryana
-7.41
-6.29
1.21
11.85 -5.76
-5.28
0.60
10.36
03 Jammu & Kashmir
0.80
-2.21
2.80
48.88
9.45
20.81
4.10
58.31
4.51
4.51 -0.02
6.17
0.87
0.12
-0.64
14.82
05 Maharashtra
0.47
0.57
0.16
17.74 -0.71
-1.79
-0.47
20.01
06 Rajasthan
11.94
16.38
4.26
17.95
1.27
-1.19
-2.09
11.00
8.51 -0.72
1.35
0.87 -0.39
-0.26
0.45
9.07
16.24 -3.29
08 West Bengal
-0.22
1.68
1.71
-2.39
0.94
18.14
09 All-India
2.18
2.20
0.03
7.38
0.10
-0.12
-0.19
6.98
* During T.E. 2000-01 over T.E. 1991-92
# During T.E. 2011-12 over T.E. 2001-02
P - 88
Table - 5.5
State-wise Compound Annual Rate of Growth in Area, Production and Yield of Rapeseed/ Mustard During
Decades of 1990s vis-a-vis 2000s
(Percent)
S.No.
Crops
CV
CV
(in yield)
(in yield)
-0.60
-1.47 -0.87
8.24 -1.27
6.56
01 Assam
-0.13
1.14
-0.37
-0.42 -0.10
12.72
8.00
7.63 -0.34
6.96
03 Gujarat
-2.75
-2.07
0.67
15.14 -1.38
1.94
3.14
13.93
20.99
04 Haryana
-1.40
0.15
1.56
1.01
2.86
1.88
18.17
11.78 -4.95
05 Punjab
-3.43
-2.44
1.15
-3.95
1.03
10.93
0.95
1.51
0.43
13.71
3.50
5.32
1.94
14.03
07 Odisha
-20.47
-29.92 -11.85
62.54 -1.00
1.63
2.79
13.68
08 Rajasthan
1.52
1.67
0.29
12.36
3.46
5.46
1.99
11.79
16.89 -3.68
-1.21
-0.66
0.57
-2.62
1.11
8.42
9.94
10 West Bengal
-0.24
-0.22 -0.14
0.14
2.14
2.02
12.41
11 All-India
-0.17
0.27
0.51
11.43
1.53
3.32
1.77
9.35
* During T.E. 2000-01 over T.E. 1991-92
# During T.E. 2011-12 over T.E. 2001-02
P - 89
Table - 5.6
State-wise Compound Annual Rate of Growth in Area, Production and Yield of Safflower During
Decades of 1990s vis-a-vis 2000s
(Percent)
S.No.
Crops
CV
Area Productio Yield
CV
(in yield)
n
(in yield)
-5.14
-1.78
3.72
15.87 -5.14
20.97
01 Karnataka
-5.29
-0.34
02 Maharashtra
-5.03
-4.34
0.98
32.20 -5.48
-4.26
1.29
14.74
03 All-India
-4.95
-3.53
1.68
26.23 -4.39
-3.73
0.66
16.46
* During T.E. 2000-01 over T.E. 1991-92
# During T.E. 2011-12 over T.E. 2001-02
P - 90
Table - 5.7
Shares of Production, Yield levels, Irrigation and SRR in Major Rabi Crops Producing States
States/ Crops
Share of State
as % of All
India
Production
Yield
TE 2010-11
(Kg/Ha)
% Area
Irrigated
2008-09
SRR (%)
TE 2010-11
1
2
3
4
5
Wheat
Uttar Pradesh
34
2987
97.8
31.28
Punjab
19
4425
98.6
30.67
Haryana
13
4331
99.3
34.04
Madhya Pradesh
10
1816
83.8
19.37
Rajasthan
9
3073
99.4
28.07
Barley
2817
Rajasthan
54
NR
33.86
Uttar Pradesh
22
2121
70.0
25.09
Haryana
9
3073
45.0
74.61
Gram
Madhya Pradesh
37
972
51.4
6.84
Rajasthan
15
733
38.7
10.79
Andhra Pradesh
9
1317
2.1
93.00
Uttar Pradesh
8
923
14.7
20.72
Lentil
Uttar Pradesh
46
796
9.0
30.14
Madhya Pradesh
25
444
19.1
2.16
Bihar
17
855
20.0
10.15
Rapeseed & Mustard
Rajasthan
49
1233
85.9
90.45
Madhya Pradesh
12
1085
51.6
28.31
Uttar Pradesh
10
1141
80.6
63.51
Safflower
NR
Maharashtra
62
563
NR
Karnataka
28
789
1.0
26.00
Chhattisgarh
NR
289
2.0
25.46
Source: DES and State replies
Note: States are arranged in descending order of their respective shares of production
SRR : Seed Replacement Rate
No. of
Irrigation
Avg. duration
of crop
(Months)
4
4
5-6
2-6
5-6
4
5 to 7
41/2 to 5
4
4 to 41/2
3-4
2
2
21/2 to 3
4
4 to 41/2
1-2
1-2
NR
2
31/2 to 4
5
N.R
4
2
1-2
1
3
4
41/2
2-3
1-2
3
41/2
3 to 31/2
3
NR
3-4
NR
NR
4
N.R
P - 91
Table - 5.8
India's Rank in land productivity in the World in respect of Various Rabi Crops
Crop
India's
India's share
as percent of Yield TE
2010
World
(Kg/Ha)
Production
Leading countries in terms of Yield (TE 2010)
India's rank in the World in

terms of
Production
1
Wheat
2
11.9
3
2847
4
Germany (7736Kg/Ha, 3.7%), France (7197
Kg/Ha, 5.7%), China (4750 Kg/ Ha, 17%) and
USA (3042 KG/Ha, 9.3%) .
Barley
1.0
2061
Gram
67.7
Lentil
Yield
2nd
5th
France (6662 Kg/Ha, 8.2%), Germany (6314

Kg/Ha, 8.1%), UK (5830 Kg/Ha, 4.2%), Denmark
(5214 Kg/Ha, 2.3%).
23rd
18th
856
Canada (1707 Kg/Ha, 0.9%), Mexico (1659

Kg/Ha, 1.4%), Myanmar (1378 Kg/Ha, 3.8%) and
Ethiopia (1352 Kg/Ha, 3%).
1st
7th
23.4
666
China (2042 Kg/Ha, 3.5%), Canada (1505 Kg/Ha,

39.7%), USA (1372 Kg/Ha, 6.8%) and Turkey
(1338 Kg/Ha, 7.8%).
2nd
8th
Rapeseed /
Mustard
10.9
1101
Germany (3982 Kg/Ha, 9.6%), France (3461

Kg/Ha, 8.5%), UK (3356 Kg/Ha, 3.4%) and
Czech Republic (2982 Kg/Ha, 1.8%).
3rd
10th
Safflower
30.6
638
USA (1634 Kg/Ha, 18.4%), China (1475 Kg/Ha,

5.2%), Turkey (1391 Kg/Ha, 2.8%) and Mexico
(1271 Kg/Ha, 14.2%).
1st
7th
Note: (1) Countries with low shares of production in total world production have not been considered for benchmarking.
Depending upon size and production distribution of crops across countries, threshold share of production for
the purpose of 'benchmark' is fixed at 3.5% for wheat, 0.9% for gram and 1% for other four crops.
(2) Figures in the parentheses indicate yield and share of production in the total world production.
P - 92
Table - 5.9
State-wise and Year-wise Divergence between Yield Levels Under CS Scheme and CCEs in Wheat Growing States
(Quintal/Ha)
State
Bihar
Scheme/
Deviation
CCEs
CS Scheme
% Deviation
Chhattisgarh CCEs
CS Scheme
% Deviation
Gujarat
CCEs
CS Scheme
% Deviation
Haryana
CCEs
CS Scheme
% Deviation
Himachal
CCEs
Pradesh
CS Scheme
% Deviation
Jharkhand
CCEs
CS Scheme
% Deviation
Madhya
CCEs
Pradesh
CS Scheme
% Deviation
Maharashtra CCEs
CS Scheme
% Deviation
Punjab
CCEs
CS Scheme
% Deviation
Rajasthan
CCEs
CS Scheme
% Deviation
Uttarakhand CCEs
CS Scheme
% Deviation
Uttar Pradesh CCEs
2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11
21.46
24.98
16.40
22.68
28.43
25.35
41.06
41.93
2.12
6.93
6.89
-0.58
14.71
17.20
16.93
45.63
47.80
4.76
24.02
29.20
21.57
27.24
20.65
23.52
13.90
24.35
30.39
24.80
41.03
41.62
1.44
17.38
10.97
-36.88
16.20
18.44
13.83
45.32
45.72
0.88
27.93
35.16
25.89
27.55
18.96
22.53
18.83
10.63
13.81
29.92
19.66
29.20
48.52
40.53
39.61
-2.27
13.79
12.40
-10.08
16.25
15.18
-6.58
14.56
18.35
26.03
42.00
40.66
-3.19
27.09
33.05
22.00
18.25
21.84
19.67
25.96
17.76
21.90
23.31
10.24
12.43
21.39
26.81
31.59
17.83
39.37
39.93
1.42
13.80
12.57
-8.91
15.73
13.42
-14.69
18.00
22.88
27.11
42.07
40.00
-4.92
27.94
32.99
18.07
18.77
23.50
25.20
27.94
16.09
22.70
41.08
8.53
10.61
24.38
24.82
32.38
30.46
39.01
39.48
1.20
18.90
14.96
-20.85
23.81
13.60
-42.88
17.35
21.79
25.59
42.21
42.94
1.73
28.39
32.95
16.06
20.38
26.10
28.07
25.02
16.17
18.78
16.14
8.86
10.78
21.67
27.00
33.37
23.59
38.44
38.65
0.55
18.94
15.80
-16.58
13.40
12.62
-5.82
16.13
20.30
25.85
41.79
42.05
0.62
27.62
33.76
22.23
16.33
23.41
43.36
26.27
19.08
20.50
7.44
10.02
14.38
43.51
24.98
31.65
26.70
42.32
39.76
-6.05
13.85
19.56
41.23
15.29
11.93
-21.98
18.35
22.91
24.85
42.08
42.10
0.05
27.51
36.46
32.53
20.49
25.20
22.99
27.21
20.58
23.90
16.13
10.59
13.03
23.04
30.13
35.79
18.79
41.58
41.99
0.99
13.76
18.93
37.57
16.21
10.73
-33.81
16.12
23.86
48.01
45.07
46.47
3.11
27.49
33.39
21.46
20.50
25.78
25.76
28.17
20.43
25.59
25.26
10.40
14.56
40.00
23.77
30.53
28.44
43.90
45.66
4.01
15.20
9.03
-40.59
15.41
12.92
-16.16
17.23
23.59
36.91
14.83
23.90
61.16
44.62
39.83
-10.74
31.75
37.19
17.13
20.03
36.72
83.33
30.02
20.84
23.21
11.37
10.86
9.81
-9.67
26.79
32.15
20.01
42.13
40.91
-2.90
9.28
9.37
0.97
17.37
13.06
-24.81
19.67
25.52
29.74
16.10
24.19
50.25
43.07
41.18
-4.39
31.33
34.87
11.30
21.39
33.00
54.28
28.46
20.84
26.49
27.11
11.44
17.02
48.78
29.90
36.10
20.74
43.90
45.40
3.42
18.77
11.96
-36.28
14.98
12.63
-15.69
17.57
28.17
60.33
17.30
28.37
63.99
45.07
42.87
-4.88
29.10
39.56
35.95
23.40
34.80
48.72
31.13
CS Scheme
32.59
31.08
30.70
34.01
29.29
28.59
31.92
% Deviation
19.64
12.81
18.26
21.73
17.07
8.83
17.31
West Bengal CCEs
21.09
22.82
CS Scheme
19.90
21.40
% Deviation
-5.64
-6.22
Average Deviation (%)
13.27
7.08
14.65
11.59
11.08
11.23
15.20
Note: Percent divergence is worked out as [(CS-CCEs)/CCEs]*100
CCEs : Crop Cutting Experiments
CS Scheme: Comprehensive Scheme for studying the cost of cultivation of Principal Crops, DES.
33.29
18.18
26.02
24.92
-4.23
14.58
34.99
16.56
24.9
21.12
-15.18
17.70
33.68
18.34
26.80
23.85
-11.01
11.04
36.81
18.25
26.58
29.11
9.52
21.53
Average
Deviation
(%)
19.73
27.00
25.93
0.36
-8.27
-20.27
30.47
58.47
-1.54
22.20
39.04
17.00
-5.46
13.54
P - 93
Table - 5.10
State-wise and Year-wise Divergence between Yield Levels Under CS Scheme and CCEs in Barley Growing States
(Quintal/Ha)
State
Rajasthan
Scheme/
Deviation
2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 Average
Deviation
(%)
CCEs
CS Scheme
% Deviation
18.16
25.62
41.08
25.71
25.96
0.97
23.3
28.02
20.26
22.49
32.3
43.62
23.8
33.9
42.44
24.41
30.93
26.71
25.47
35.36
38.83
21.63
29.81
37.82
30.61
33.66
9.96
27.74
32.5
17.16
26.15
28.26
8.07
26.08
CCEs
CS Scheme
% Deviation
21.07
29.18
38.49
23.31
28.66
22.95
22.25
26.27
18.07
21.98
28.51
29.71
20.04
24.36
21.56
19.25
30.03
56.00
20.00
27.11
35.55
21.11
30.22
43.15
21.86
30.6
39.98
21.17
26.64
25.84
20.59
33.72
63.77
35.92

39.79
11.96
19.16
36.66
32.00
41.36
37.19
40.49
24.97
21.50
35.92
31.00
Uttar
Pradesh
P - 94
Table - 5.11
State-wise and Year-wise Divergence between Yield Levels Under CS Scheme and CCEs in Gram Growing States
(Quintal/Ha)
State
Bihar
Scheme/
Deviation
2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 Average
Deviation
(%)
CCEs
9.02
8.18
CS Scheme
8.75
7.75
% Deviation
-2.99
-5.26
Haryana
CCEs
8.53
7.45
8.13
8.50
8.43
CS Scheme
6.25
3.48
6.23
6.09
6.14
% Deviation
- -26.73 -53.29 -23.37 -28.35
- -27.16
Karnataka
CCEs
5.48
4.73
CS Scheme
7.53
6.62
% Deviation
37.41
39.96
Madhya
CCEs
8.19
9.43
6.94
9.26
9.28
9.26
9.80
Pradesh
CS Scheme
9.36
11.16
8.03
10.87
10.42
9.52
9.42
% Deviation
14.29
18.35
15.71
17.39
12.28
2.81
-3.88
Maharashtra CCEs
5.64
5.30
5.61
6.91
7.06
CS Scheme
7.30
10.16
6.30
7.92
8.03
% Deviation
29.43
91.70
12.30
14.62
13.74
Rajasthan
CCEs
5.90
7.59
7.57
6.33
7.47
4.43
8.63
CS Scheme
7.97
7.16
6.47
5.05
5.87
7.18
10.50
% Deviation
35.08
-5.67 -14.53 -20.22 -21.42
62.08
21.67
Uttar
CCEs
8.44
9.71
8.93
10.35
9.10
8.93
7.42
Pradesh
CS Scheme
12.24
11.23
10.07
9.84
10.38
13.36
8.56
% Deviation
45.02
15.65
12.77
-4.93
14.07
49.61
15.36
31.46
0.40
-1.98
12.11
-2.22
27.25
7.78
9.72
8.22
-15.43
5.05
2.19
-56.63
6.07
7.10
16.97
7.11
9.09
27.85
8.25
9.54
15.64
4.66
7.10
52.36
7.45
9.60
28.86
9.94
9.25
12.81
38.49
10.47
5.97
-42.98
5.46
8.74
60.07
9.81
10.29
4.89
7.17
8.05
12.27
6.96
6.83
-1.87
10.14
10.93
7.79
11.24
10.14
14.09
38.95
7.38
4.22
-42.82
5.91
8.11
37.23
10.71
11.41
6.54
8.63
8.72
1.04
6.04
7.07
17.05
8.24
9.17
11.29
9.90
11.87
15.27
28.64
9.82
5.28
-46.23
6.58
8.37
27.20
8.63
10.19
18.08
9.04
9.74
7.74
8.96
8.65
-3.46
9.30
12.39
33.23
9.31
13.73
-38.62
36.47
12.21
22.05
11.01
20.79
10.47
P - 95
Table - 5.12
State-wise and Year-wise Divergence between Yield Levels Under CS Scheme and CCEs in Lentil Growing States
(Quintal/Ha)
State
Bihar
Scheme/
Deviation
CCEs
CS Scheme
% Deviation
Jharkhand
CCEs
CS Scheme
% Deviation
Madhya
CCEs
Pradesh
CS Scheme
% Deviation
Uttar
CCEs
Pradesh
CS Scheme
% Deviation
West Bengal CCEs
2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 Average
Deviation
(%)
7.98
8.72
9.35
7.11
7.05
7.05
7.93
7.85
8.80
9.00
7.80
10.39
10.64
10.42
8.98
9.39
8.40
7.33
8.59
9.21
-2.26
19.15
13.80
46.55
27.38
33.19
5.93
-6.62
-2.39
2.33 13.71
6.03
6.42
7.34
6.71
7.64
7.44
8.10
5.59
8.23
4.35
2.76
3.14
5.48
5.26
5.68
6.98
5.96
6.29
6.62 -23.57 -27.33
- -27.86 -57.01 -57.22 -18.33 -31.15 -23.66 -13.83
4.22
4.81
3.88
5.02
4.98
5.10
4.97
4.40
5.05
5.25
3.01
8.01
8.27
7.05
9.71
10.91
9.34
7.90
8.08
7.82
8.51
4.86
89.81
71.93
81.70
93.43 119.08
83.14
58.95
83.64
54.85
62.10
61.46 78.19
6.26
8.00
7.71
9.07
8.18
7.15
7.05
7.26
8.83
8.03
7.01
6.06
6.77
8.79
7.79
6.11
10.33
7.70
7.96
9.61
9.00
9.86
-3.19 -15.38
14.01 -14.11 -25.31
44.48
9.22
9.64
8.83
12.08
40.66
7.36
6.52
9.11
9.30
CS Scheme
% Deviation
43.31
18.10
21.75
9.03
20.78
34.16
17.55
18.89
7.50
15.03
11.65
8.66
-4.94
14.69
9.06
-2.58
15.66
2.50
20.51
P - 96
Table - 5.13
State-wise and Year-wise Divergence between Yield Levels Under CS Scheme and CCEs in Rapeseed/ Mustard Growing State
(Quintal/Ha)
State
Assam
Scheme/
Deviation
2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 Average
Deviation
(%)
CCEs
5.14
5.04
4.98
5.23
5.28
4.56
4.87
CS Scheme
5.88
6.07
6.11
5.27
5.89
6.37
6.15
% Deviation
14.40
20.44
22.69
0.76
11.55
39.69
26.28
Gujarat
CCEs
12.36
11.82
10.72
14.69
13.90
13.49
13.96
CS Scheme
14.91
12.47
13.87
18.24
14.53
16.79
14.70
% Deviation
20.63
5.50
29.38
24.17
4.53
24.46
5.30
Haryana CCEs
13.71
14.88
11.48
15.59
11.77
11.17
13.43
CS Scheme
16.75
16.77
10.30
15.89
11.52
14.89
13.86
% Deviation
22.17
12.70 -10.28
1.92
-2.12
33.30
3.20
Madhya CCEs
7.73
9.08
6.49
10.81
9.88
10.47
9.99
Pradesh CS Scheme
11.96
14.87
4.33
17.08
12.24
11.37
11.12
% Deviation
54.72
63.77 -33.28
58.00
23.89
8.60
11.31
Punjab
CCEs
12.08
12.00
9.09
11.92
10.33
CS Scheme
9.83
10.79
8.09
11.75
8.80
% Deviation
-18.63 -10.08 -11.00
-1.43 -14.81
Rajasthan CCEs
9.18
10.56
8.68
12.79
10.78
12.05
11.85
CS Scheme
13.46
13.51
13.76
15.49
13.58
12.93
14.54
% Deviation
46.62
27.94
58.53
21.11
25.97
7.30
22.70
Uttar
CCEs
10.00
9.98
8.91
10.05
9.72
11.38
10.47
Pradesh CS Scheme
13.29
13.05
9.13
10.24
11.37
13.13
13.95
% Deviation
32.90
30.76
2.47
1.89
16.98
15.38
33.24
West
CCEs
9.56
7.66
8.05
9.28
9.34
9.09
8.03
Bengal
CS Scheme
10.45
9.86
10.38
9.63
11.70
10.16
9.44
% Deviation
9.31
28.72
28.94
3.77
25.27
11.77
17.56
22.77
22.47
10.93
13.78
11.41
20.07
17.08
5.23
6.09
16.44
16.35
17.68
8.13
11.98
15.83
32.14
9.27
11.10
19.74
9.46
5.43
5.45
0.37
11.36
11.61
2.20
17.38
19.94
14.73
10.34
12.94
25.15
12.34
5.25
6.52
24.19
15.79
15.77
-0.13
16.55
17.69
6.89
10.74
12.91
20.20
12.76
5.81
6.73
15.83
15.65
18.36
17.32
18.69
20.43
9.31
11.48
15.88
38.33
11.88
12.21
29.07
11.49
13.33
16.01
8.88
11.12
25.23
20.97
13.54
9.72
11.16
13.57
21.59
7.64
7.68
0.52
10.61
14.26
11.76
11.05
15.69
41.99
10.80
10.94
1.30
15.17
15.87
33.59
11.87
16.26
36.98
10.21
13.38
31.05
26.06
17.51
12.86
11.27
26.40
-11.19
26.76
22.75
16.68
17.39
P - 97
Table - 5.14
State-wise and Year-wise Divergence between Yield Levels Under CS Scheme and CCEs in Safflower Growing States
(Quintal/Ha)
State
Scheme/
Deviation
2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 Average
Deviation
(%)
CCEs
7.41
6.54
7.91
CS Scheme
6.11
5.46
6.21
% Deviation
-16.51 -21.49
- -17.54
Maharashtra CCEs
4.12
4.84
4.41
3.55
4.76
6.05
6.06
CS Scheme
3.86
3.82
2.07
2.95
5.02
4.87
7.51
% Deviation
-6.31 -21.07 -53.06 -16.90
5.46 -19.50
23.93
-11.41 -21.28 -53.06 -16.90
5.46 -18.52
23.93
Karnataka
7.95
6.13
-22.89
5.65
5.6
-0.88
-11.89
7.95
6.41
-19.37
5.65
7.69
36.11
8.37
7.35
4.10
-44.22
5.80
5.39
-7.07
-25.64
8.36
3.48
-58.37
5.43
8.26
52.12
-3.13
-28.63
-0.65
-11.28
P - 98
Annexure - I
MSP Recommended by State Governments for the Rabi Crops of 2012-2013

State
Andhra Pradesh
Bihar
Chhattisgarh
Gujarat
Haryana
Himachal Pd.
Jammu & Kashmir
Karnataka
Madhya Pradesh
Odisha
Punjab
Rajasthan
Uttat Pradesh
Uttarakhand
Wheat
(Common)
Barley
3102
1621
1800
1500 (Irrigated)
1700 (Unirrigated)
1650
1285
1350
Gram
5055
1050
3000
3200
1500
980
1000
4000
2800
2240
4000
3000
1800
2300 (Sharbati/Durum)
1750
1600
2200
3237 (for hilly areas)
1320 (for plain areas)
Lentil/
Masur
1493
1500
1900
3755
Source : State Replies
3100
2990
3500
3300
3027
3000
(Rs per quintal)

Rapeseed/
Safflower
Mustard
3680
3873
2700
3000
2800
2400
3200
2500
2500
3000
2850
3800
3300
2805
2800
4000
9541
4133
3302
2700
2500
3500
P - 99
Annexure - II
(a) : Wholesale Prices Fallen Below MSP
State/crop
Centre
WHEAT
MSP
April
2011-12
May
June
July
1170*
Bihar
Patna
Gujarat
Patan
Rajkot
Haryana
1250
1087
1150
Hissar
1100
1120
Karnataka
Dharwad
1150
Madhya Pd.
Bhopal
Maharashtra
Raver
Jalgaon
1150
1120
1120
1120
1120
Tamil Nadu
Chennai
1050
1050
Uttar Pd.
Shahjahanpur
Kanpur
Ballia
1150
1160
1120
1120
1120
1050
1050
1050
1050
1050
1100
1165
1145
1115
1135
1110
1125
1260
1270
2700
2700
1270
1145
2100
2800
Sagar
Sehore
1900
1800
Alwar
Jaipur
LENTIL / MASUR
Madhya Pd.
1280
Delhi
GRAM
Rajasthan
1270
1250
1120
Madhya Pd.
1280
1100
Bhatinda
Ludhiana
Patiala
NCT of Delhi
April
1285
1060
Punjab
MSP
(Rs per quintal)

2012-13
May
June
2000
1900
2000
2060
2040
2250
Bhopal
Sagar
2800
2793
2700

* : includes Rs.50/- of bonus
July
P - 100
Annexure - II
(b) : Wholesale Prices Fallen Below MSP

WHEAT
MSP
April
2011-12
May
June
State
Centre
Bihar
Patna
Himachal Pd.
Kangra
Mandi
1120
1120
1000
900
Karnataka
Nargund
1125
1130
1075
Madhya Pd.
Harda
Indore
Devas
Itarsi
950
1100
1120
950
1100
990
1040
1070
990
1021
Odisha
Sambalpur
Punjab
Amritsar
Patiala
Hoshiarpur
1120
1120
1120
Alwar
Sriganganagar
Hanumangarh
Kota
1086
1154
July
1170*
Rajasthan
Uttar Pd.
Uttarakhand
MSP
April
1120
1000
900
1050
1050
920
1070
1250
1120
1120
1120
1120
1120
1120
1130
1101
1154
1103
1114
1082
1129
1096
1122
1220
1166
1160
1130
1150
1150
1160
1130
1130
1160
1185
1210
1192
1160
1144
1136
1143
Kotdwar
Haridwar
Rudurpur
July
1285
1150
Gorakhpur
Agra
Lucknow
Saharanpur
Kanpur
(Rs per quintal)

2012-13
May
June
1141
1152
1168
1250
1280
1232
1240
1239
1108
1180
1280
1185
* : includes Rs.50/- of bonus
GRAM
MSP
April
2011-12
May
June
State
Centre
Karnataka
Bagalkot
Hubli
Raichur
Laxmeshwar
1805
1300
1729
1096
1700
1526
Pipriya
Indore
Devas
Ganjbasoda
1800
1900
1800
1900
1800
1925
July
2100
Madhya Pd.
Rajasthan
April
1909
1501
1161
1806
1049
1912
1705
1700
1800
2000
2300
1709
2679
2274
1163
Centre
Karnataka
Bailhongal
Bellary
Gadag
Laxmeshwar
Basavakalyana
Hubli
2250
1009
2126
2014
1309
2282
2090
1800
1910
2050
2069
1925
2096
April
2011-12
May
June
SAFFLOWER
State
July
2800
1925
Alwar
Jaipur
Hanumangarh
Kota
MSP
(Rs per quintal)

2012-13
May
June
MSP
1800
July
MSP
April
(Rs per quintal)

2012-13
May
June
2500
1600
1503
1760
1003
1725
1601
1201
1755
1671
1801
2409
1801
2400
1529
Source : State Replies
July

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Price Policy for Rabi Crops

THE MARKETING SEASON 2013-14

COMMISSION FOR AGRICULTURAL COSTS AND PRICES

COMMISSION FOR AGRICULTURAL COSTS AND PRICES

COMMISSION FOR AGRICULTURAL COSTS AND PRICES

Demand-Supply, Procurement and Efficacy of Price Policy

Competitiveness of Indian Agriculture

Costs, Returns and Inter-Crop Price Parity

Productivity and Costs of Major Rabi Crops

Considerations & Recommendations for Price Policy

Actual paid out cost plus imputed value of family labour

Gross Capital Formation

Actual and Recommended MSPs of Rabi crops

Table S.1: Actual and Recommended MSPs of Rabi crops (Rs/quintal)

Non-price Policy Recommendations

production in 2011-12 (94 million tonnes), four years of export

Indian farmers have clocked a record food grain production of 257.4

Source: DES, Ministry of Agriculture

The current peak of 80.5 million tonnes comprises 49.8 million

The enhanced procurement of wheat and rice in recent years has

Note: Allocation and Offtake are for TPDS

The bloating excess stocks, beyond the buffer stock norms, as on 1

infusion of excess money into the economy without

Stocks with FCI

India has been experiencing persistent and elevated food inflation

Both supply and demand factors are contributing to food inflation.

Decile Expenditure Class

1.10 Growth in agriculture is heavily dependent on investments in

1.11 Private investments in agriculture also respond positively to public

1.14 Farming needs to be made a lucrative and sustainable source of income so

Domestic Market Scenario

Rapeseed and Mustard

An examination of the wholesale prices of the major rabi crops,

The NSS Report, 2009-10 (66 Round) on consumer expenditure

With respect to wheat, owing to high production and procurement

But things are now gradually changing. The increased procurement

As per the Fourth Advance Estimates, the estimated total

Oilseeds Rapeseed/mustard & safflower

Rapeseed/mustard is India's biggest domestic oil bearing oilseed.

ratio of gram, as shown in Table 2.1, as the production figures as

Average Monthly Wholesale Prices of Chana and

Source: DES, VISIONAGRICO Research

2.15 Therefore, to keep neutrality in incentives for different types of

Procurement Policy and Operations

Source: DES, DFPD, Agricultural Statistics At A Glance, 2011

2.20 This situation becomes more glaring when procurement is taken as a

Chart 2.10: Procurement as a share of production in MP (2000-01 to 2011-12)

2.23 It is interesting that although, even after 14 years, Decentralised

2.25 An examination of the comparative position of wheat stocks in CAP

2.26 As share of FCI in procurement of wheat, vis--vis state agencies has

2.28 The economic cost of procurement to FCI (worked on constant

2.29 A major contribution of increasing procurement incidentals are the

Price after tax

Efficacy of Price Policy

Box 2.5, Economic Survey (2010-11)

Farmers be empowered through direct investment

2.34 On the distribution side, government policy on distributing food

These recommendations will go a long way in getting markets right

In an economy that is gradually integrating with the world economy,

Exports of agricultural products have increased around six times

exporter of rice worth US$ 4.9 billion in 2011-12- after exports of

India has an inherent competitive advantage in many of the

adopted a cautious approach permitting exports only after