Energy Conversion Factors

CUBIC FEET (cf) 1 cf = 1 0.001 0.000001 0.000000001 1,000 1 0.001 0.01 0.001 cf Mcf MMcf Bcf Btu MBtu MMBtu Therm Dekatherm 1 Btu = BTUS 0.001 0.000001 0.000000001 1E-12 1 0.001 0.000001 0.00001 0.000001 cf Mcf MMcf Bcf Btu MBtu MMBtu Therm Dekatherm 1 Therm = THERMS 100 0.1 0.0001 0.0000001 100000 100 0.1 1 0.1 cf Mcf MMcf Bcf Btu MBtu MMBtu Therm Dekatherm

1 Mcf =

1000 1 0.001 0.000001 1000000 1000 1 10 1

cf Mcf MMcf Bcf Btu MBtu MMBtu Therm Dekatherm

1 MMBtu =

1000 1 0.001 0.000001 1,000,000 1000 1 10 1

cf Mcf MMcf Bcf Btu MBtu MMBtu Therm Dekatherm

1 Dekatherm =

1000 1 0.001 0.000001 1,000,000 1000 1 10 1

cf Mcf MMcf Bcf Btu MBtu MMBtu Therm Dekatherm

1 Bcf =

1,000,000,000 1,000,000 1,000 1 1,000,000,000,000 1,000,000,000 1,000,000 10,000,000 1,000,000

Cf Mcf MMcf Bcf Btu MBtu MMBtu Therm Dekatherm

TO CALCULATE COSTS OF ALTERNATE FUELS Cost/Unit ----------------- x 1,000,000 = cost per 1,000,000 BTU BTU/Unit Example #1: Cost of Propane on a Per Dekatherm basis $.70 / Gallon ---------------------- x 1,000,000 = $ 7.6484 per 1,000,000 BTU 91,523 BTU/Gal $ 7.6484 per MMBtu or Dth
Propane at $.70/gallon is equal to the burner tip price of $7.64/dth for natural gas

OTHER NOTES: The calculations in the above table are approximations. 1 dekatherm is actually slightly less than one MMBtu; however for purposes of the above chart, we have rounded the numbers.

HEATING VALUES TABLE Electricity Natural Gas Gasoline #2 Oil #4 Oil #6 Oil Propane * Assumes 100% efficiency 3,413 1,000 125,000 138,500 145,850 153,200 91,523 Btus / Kwh * Btus / cf Btus / gallon Btus / gallon Btus / gallon Btus / gallon Btus / gallon

Example #2: Cost of #2 Oil on a Per Dekatherm basis $.60 / Gallon ---------------------- x 1,000,000 = $ 4.3321 per 1,000,000 BTU 138,500 BTU/Gal $ 4.3321 per MMBtu or Dth
#2 oil at $.60/gallon is equal to the burner tip price of $4.33/dth for natural gas

Prepared by Energy Solutions, Inc.

9/30/2013

Alternate Fuel Price Conversions

Estimated utility distribution charges: Estimated pipeline charges (basis): Estimated balancing per dth: $ $ $ 0.40 0.50 -

#2 Oil: Prices
$ 1.59 #2 Oil 138,500 Btus/gallon x 1,000,000 Btus/Dth = $ 11.48 Equivalent Cost per Dekatherm of natural gas at BURNER TIP $ Balancing (estimated) $ 0.40 Utility Charges (estimated) $ 11.08 Equivalent City Gate Price (NYMEX Plus Basis) $ 0.50 Pipeline Transportation (Basis) $ 10.58 Estimated NYMEX equivalent price = $ 1.25 Equivalent Cost per Gallon of Oil

9.00 Nat Gas/Dth @ burner tip 1,000,000 Btus/Dth

138,500

Btus/Gallon

#4 Oil: Prices
$ 1.450 #4 Oil 145,850 Btus/gallon x 1,000,000 Btus/Dth = $ $ $ $ $ $ = $ 9.94 0.40 9.54 0.50 9.04 Equivalent Cost per Dekatherm of natural gas at BURNER TIP Balancing (estimated) Utility Charges (estimated) Equivalent City Gate Price (NYMEX Plus Basis) Pipeline Transportation (Basis) Estimated NYMEX equivalent price

6.13 Nat Gas/Dth @ burner tip 1,000,000 Btus/Dth

145,850

Btus/Gallon

0.89 Equivalent Cost per Gallon of Oil

#6 Oil: Prices
$ 1.35 #6 Oil 153,200 Btus/gallon x 1,000,000 Btus/Dth = $ $ $ $ $ $ = $ 8.81 0.40 8.41 0.50 7.91 Equivalent Cost per Dekatherm of natural gas at BURNER TIP Balancing (estimated) Utility Charges (estimated) Equivalent City Gate Price (NYMEX Plus Basis) Pipeline Transportation (Basis) Estimated NYMEX equivalent price

5.22 Nat Gas/Dth @ burner tip 1,000,000 Btus/Dth

153,200

Btus/Gallon

0.80 Equivalent Cost per Gallon of #6 Oil

Propane: Prices
$ 1.19 Propane 91,523 Btus/gallon x 1,000,000 Btus/Dth = $ 13.00 Equivalent Cost per Dekatherm of natural gas at BURNER TIP $ Balancing (estimated) $ 0.40 Utility Charges (estimated) $ 12.60 Equivalent City Gate Price (NYMEX Plus Basis) $ 0.50 Pipeline Transportation (Basis) $ 12.10 Estimated NYMEX equivalent price = $ 1.11 Equivalent Cost per Gallon of Propane

12.10 Nat Gas/Dth @ burner tip 1,000,000 Btus/Dth

91,523

Btus/Gallon

Note: Burner Tip is equal to the city gate price plus all utility charges. It is that cost at your meter. Dth = Dekatherm

Prepared by Energy Solutions, Inc.

9/30/2013

Alternate Fuel Volume Conversions #2 Oil: Volumes

55,000 gallons of #2 Oil x 138,500 Btus/Gallon = 7,617,500,000 1,000,000 4,500,000,000 138,500 Btus/Dth = 7,618 dekatherms of natural gas

4,500 dekatherms of natural gas

1,000,000

Btus/Dth

Btus/Gallon

32,491 gallons of #2 oil

#4 Oil: Volumes
40,000 gallons of #4 Oil x 145,850 Btus/Gallon = 5,834,000,000 1,000,000 6,500,000,000 145,850 Btus/Dth = 5,834 dekatherms of natural gas

6,500 dekatherms of natural gas

1,000,000

Btus/Dth

Btus/Gallon

44,566 gallons of #4 oil

#6 Oil: Volumes
50,000 gallons of #6 Oil x 153,200 Btus/Gallon = 7,660,000,000 1,000,000 8,000,000,000 153,200 Btus/Dth = 7,660 dekatherms of natural gas

8,000 dekatherms of natural gas

1,000,000

Btus/Dth

Btus/Gallon

52,219 gallons of #6 oil

Propane: Volumes
150,000 gallons of propane x 91,523 Btus/Gallon = 13,728,450,000 1,000,000 13,860,000,000 91,523 Btus/Dth = 13,728 dekatherms of natural gas

13,860 dekatherms of natural gas

1,000,000

Btus/Dth

Btus/Gallon

151,437 gallons of propane

Prepared by Energy Solutions, Inc.

9/30/2013