Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
aBiomolecular EngineeringPerspective
Safety y
http://www.metrasens.com/images/safety1.jpg
www.topmedicalsupply.com/plasticmriwarning.
MagneticResonanceImaging
*PhysicalPrinciples
MR
(NuclearMagneticResonance)
FelixBloch(19051983)
EdwardMillsPurcell(19121997)
Wiki di Wikipedia.com
NoblePriceinPhysics,1955.
FirstNMRsignalsofwater
Bloch,F.,Hansen,W.W.andPackard,M.Phys. Rev.70,474485(1946);
Bloch,F.,Hansen,W.W.andPackard,M.Phys. Rev.70,474485(1946);
NMRExperiment
http://www.fotosearch.com/ART435/aa041117/
http://www.graphicsfactory.com/
rf sendersamplerf receiver
= (1)B0
= (1)B0
:ChemicalShift
FirstNMRsignalsofwater
Bloch,F.,Hansen,W.W.andPackard,M.Phys. Rev.70,474485(1946);
FirstNMRsignals g ofethanol(1951) ( )
CH3CH2OH
http://wwwbioc.rice.edu/bios576/nmr/nmr.html
RichardErnst(1933 )
PaulLauterbur (19292007)
http://nobelprize.org
BackProjectionMRI
2003NoblePrizeinMedicine
1991NoblePrizeinChemistry
MRIExperiment
http://www.fotosearch.com/ART435/aa041117/
http://www.graphicsfactory.com/
rf sendersamplerf receiver
NMRImagingwithLinearMagneticField G di Gradients
NMR Spectroscopy NMR Imaging
o = (1- o)B o
o = (1-o )(Bo+xG x )
Gx = B z /x Bo y z z y
B o + Gx
12
BackProjection
PaulLauterbur,Nature242,1973
http://www.magnet.fsu.edu
MagneticResonanceImaging
+3Dimagingofopaqueobjectsispossible +nondestructive/noninvasive (idealforthestudyoftimedependentphenomena) +welldefinedcontrast
(selectivedetectionoffluids,studyofphysicochemicalproperties)
moderatespatialresolution limited li i dsensitivity ii i onlyforliquidorsoftsamples only l for f nonconducting d i and dnonmagnetic i samples l
ClinicalMRI
Medicine:
Source:www.cmiv.liu.se
VeterinaryMRI
http:/www.advancedveterinarycare.net/mri.asp
MolecularImaging?
http://www.keck.bioimaging.wisc.edu/symposium2005
www.nature.com
ImagingofMolecules
TheResolutionofMRI
Example:
high hi hresolution l ti MRIof famouse FieldofView=22mm 256x256Voxel. =>(Inplane)resolution 86 m
MRIofSingleCells?
Paramecium:
immobilized(dead?) measuring i time: ti 8h
MRIofMolecules?
However,
MagneticResonanceSpectroscopycantellusa lotaboutmolecules
Example:13CDEPT135 spectrumofStrychnine
MRS:DetectingBiochemistry VolumeSelectiveSpectroscopy
(1) MRIwithhyperpolarizednuclei
(difficulttechnology,limitedlifetimeofhyperpolarization)
TM HyperSense H S
www.oxfordinstruments.com
(2) 19FMRI
(~3/4thesensitivityof1Hbutnobiologicalbackground
www.bioe.umd.edu
(3)ContrastAgents
Overlay:1H 19Fimages
ContrastAgents
InfluencetheMRIsignalof1Hnucleiin surrounding gwater.
apod.nasa.gov
Superparamagnetic IronOxideNanoparticles
c:ShengTong/GTBME
TargetingofSPIOs
ClusteringofSPIOsleadstoenhanced (negative) ( g )contrast.
futuredevicesformedicaldiagnostics
Copyright:
/spectrum.ieee.org/biomedical/diagnostics/bedsidecancerdetector
(courtesy:ShengTong/GTBME)
Outlook
ThereismuchmoreApplicationsofMRIinBiomedicalEngineering MRIofBioreactorswithculturedcells Cardiacmodels(invitroandinvivo) Development evelopmentandTestingofImplantsetc. TestingofBiomedicalProductsandDevices StudyofAnatomicalPreparations Phenotyping ofTransgenicSpecies BiomechanicalStudies Succesful BiomedicalEngineeringleadsoftentoPreclinicalStudies, whereMRIisalsog gaining gimportance. p