UNIT 2.

ELECTRONICS PROJECT #1
In the table below, provide a definition as to the function of each of the listed electrical components, as well as an image of what each component looks like. In addition, include the schematic for the component, if available or appropriate.

1.

RESISTANCE (Ohm)
Image Schematic / Symbol

Definition: A materials opposition to the flow of electricity

How can electrical resistance be useful? Electrical resistance can create heat.

2.

CURRENT (Amperes)
Image Schematic

Definition: The amount of charge flowing past a point at a given time

How can current be increased or decreased? Lower your resistance and higher your voltage

3.

VOLTAGE (Volts)
Image Schematic

Definition: Electrical force

How can voltage be increased or decreased? Adding more batteries to circuit or adding another source of power What is the advantage of high voltage? Being able to run more things at once

4.

POWER (Watts)
Image Schematic

Definition: The SI unit of power. Equals one joule per second

5.

SWITCH
Image Schematic

Definition: A device for turning on or off or redirecting electricity.

What are some different types of switches?

6.

SPDT SWITCH
Image Schematic

Definition: a simple change over switch What would you use a SPDT switch for?

7.

DPDT SWITCH
Image Schematic

Definition: Two single switches interrogated into one mechanism

What would you use a DPDT switch for?

8.

INDUCTOR (COILS & RELAYS)

Image Schematic

Definition:

It temporally stores energy in a magnetic field that is created from wire being coiled

What can a coil be used for in a circuit? Coils can be used to create a electromagnet What can a relay be used for in a circuit?

9.

RESISTOR
Image Schematic

Definition:
resistor is a passive two-terminal electrical component that implements electrical resistance as a circuit element.

How does it change a current?

by providing resistance

10.

TRANSISTOR
Image Schematic

Definition:
A small electronic device containing a semiconductor and having at least three electrical contacts, used in a circuit as an amplifier, detector, or switch

What does a transistor do in electrical circuit?

The device is capable of amplification

11.

CAPACITOR
Image Schematic

Definition:
An electric circuit element used to store charge temporarily, consisting in general of two metallic plates separated and insulated from each other by a dielectric. Also called condenser.

What does a capacitor do in electrical circuit?

store charge temporarily,

12.

DIODE
Image Schematic

Definition: An electronic device that restricts current

flow chiefly to one direction.

What does a diode do in electrical circuit?

that restricts current flow chiefly to one direction.

13.

LIGHT EMITTING DIODE (LED)

Image Schematic

Definition:

diode such that light emitted at a p-n junction is proportional to the bias current; color depends on the material used.

What does a LED do in electrical circuit? Lights up

14.

CONDUCTOR
Image Schematic

Definition:
a substance, body, or device that readily conducts heat, electricity, sound, etc.

15.

CIRCUIT
Image Schematic

Definition:
A closed, usually circular line that goes around an object or area. A closed path followed or capable of being followed by an electric current.

16.

STATIC ELECTRICITY
Image Schematic

Definition:

A stationary electric charge, typically produced by friction, that causes sparks or crackling or the attraction of dust or hair.

Where would you find static electricity? everywhere

Why is static electricity a problem in electronics? Because it is too much for them to handle

17.

CURRENT ELECTRICITY
Image Schematic

Definition:

a flow of electric charge

How is current electricity different than static? Current flows static doesnt List several ways that current electricity is used. To power everything in your house

18.

DIRECT CURRENT (DC)

Image Schematic

Definition:

An electric current flowing in one direction only

No schematic

In what equipment is DC current used?

Direct current is used to charge batteries, and in nearly all electronic systems

What does DC Current look like? Straight

19.

AC CURRENT
Image Schematic

Definition:

An electric current that reverses its direction many times a second at regular intervals, typically used in power supplies

No schematic

In what equipment is AC current used?

What does AC current look like?

20.

THREE PHASE CURRENT (3-Phase)

Image Schematic

Definition:

No schematic In electrical engineering, three-phase electric power systems have at least three conductors carrying voltage waveforms
In what equipment is 3-phase current used? Electrical grids Why is it used? To distribute power

21.

POLARITY
Image Schematic

Definition:

The relative orientation of poles; the direction of a magnetic or electric field.

What happens when you reverse polarity?

Electrical current changes

22.

ANALOG SIGNAL
Image Schematic

Definition:

An Analog or analogue signal is any continuous signal

Where are analog signals used? Broadcasting information

23.

DIGITAL SIGNAL
Image Schematic

Definition:

A signal in which the original informatio n is converted into a string of bits befor e being transmitted.

Where are digital signals used? Transmitting information

24.

INTEGRATED CIRCUIT (IC)

Image Schematic

Definition:

An electronic circuit formed on a small piece of semiconducting material, performing the same function as a larger circuit

Where might an IC be used?

, performing the same function as a larger circuit

What does it do? Performs the same thing as a larger circuit

25.

PHOTO-DIODE Image Schematic

Definition:

A semiconductor diode that, when exposed to light, generates a potential difference or changes its electrical resistance

Where might a photo-diode be used? Solar panels What does it do?

, generates a potential difference or changes its electrical resistance

26.

PHOTOCELL
Image Schematic

Definition:

a transducer used to detect and measure light and other radiations

Where is a photo-diode used? sensors What does it do? a transducer used to detect

and measure light and other radiations

27.

THERMISTOR
Image Schematic

Definition:

An electrical resistor whose resistance is greatly reduced by heating, used for measurement and control

How does it work? By heating

28.

THERMOCOUPLE
Image Schematic

Definition:

A thermoelectric device for measuring temperature, consisting of two wires of different metals connected at two points

How does it work?

It produces a voltage when the temperature of one of the spots differs from the reference temperature at other parts of the circuit

30.

ELECTRONIC SPEED CONTROLLER (ESC)

Image Schematic

Definition:

An electronic speed control or ESC is an electronic circuit with the purpose to vary an electric motor's speed

How does it work?

The ESC generally accepts a nominal 50 Hz PWM servo input signal whose pulse width varies from 1 ms to 2 ms. When supplied with a 1 ms width pulse at 50 Hz, the ESC responds by turning off the DC motor attached to its output. A 1.5 ms pulse-width input signal drives the motor at approximately half-speed. When presented with 2.0 ms input signal, the motor runs at full speed.

31.

SERVO CONTROLLER
Image Schematic

Definition:

Servos are controlled by sending them a pulse of variable width. The control wire is used to send this pulse

How could you use a servo controller? (2 ways)

heavy-duty sail boats, model cars

33.

SERIAL SIGNAL
Image Schematic

Definition:

What does a serial signal look like?

How does it differ from a Parallel signal?

34.

USB SIGNAL
Image Schematic

Definition:
USB was designed to standardize the connection of computer peripherals

What does a USB signal look like?

How is it different from serial and parallel?

What is the distance limit in can move over wire?

35.

DC MOTOR
Image Schematic

Definition:

A DC motor is an electric motor that runs on direct curren

What could you use a DC motor for? In toy cars How does a DC Motor work (think stator)
The stator is stationary in space by definition and therefore the current in the rotor is switched by the commutator to also be stationary in space

36.

SERVO MOTOR
Image Schematic

Definition:

A servomechanism, or servo is an automatic device that uses error-sensing feedback to correct the performance of a mechanism

Where would you use a servo motor? (3 uses) Robotic arms, robots, cnc

37.

STEPPER MOTOR
Image Schematic

Definition:

A stepper motor (or step motor) is a brushless, synchronous electric motor that can divide a full rotation
What is the advantage of a stepper motor?
Step angle of stepper motor is proportional to pulse rate.