BSC

1010: Honors Biological Principles

Exam 2 Test Review: Chapter 7 Give short answers to the following:

a. What is the func.on and makeup of the plasma membrane?

It controls movements of substances into and out of the sell and separates the cell from its surroundings. Its made of a phosholipid bilayer, carbohydrates, and proteins.
b. Describe a uid mosaic model

There is a mosaic of various proteins embedded in or a=ached to a bilayer of phospholipids. The membrane if a uid structure. Fluid = not staAc
c. What is the technique of the freeze fracture technique

A cell membrane can be split in two layers along the middle of bilayer & seen under EM Result shows proteins embedded in the phospholipid bilayer Each membrane protein goes wholly with the one of the layers
d. What do carbohydrates do to the uidity of the bilayer?

Cholesterol hinders phospholipid packaging, thus lowers the temperature for membrane solidicaAon.
e. there are 6 types of membrane proteins. Name them.

1. Transport 2. EnzymaAc AcAvity 3. Signal TransducAon 4. Cell-cell recogniAon 5. Intercellular joining 6. A=achment to the cytoskeleton and ECM
f. How do cells recognize other cells?

Cells recognize other cells by binding to carbohydrates oUen on the extracellular surface. Glycoproteins and glycolipids are membrane carbohydrates. Name the following:
a. property of phospholipids being hydrophobic and hydrophilic

amphipathic

b. penetrates the hydrophobic interior

integral protein

BSC 1010: Honors Biological Principles

c. can help pass these molecules through the membrane.

transport protein

d. facilitated diusion uses this type of transport

passive transport acAve transport

e. the sodium-potassium pump uses this type of transport f. bond that holds the membrane together

hydrophobic bonds/interacAons osmoregulaAon

g. cells lacking walls are isotonic or have adapta.ons for __________. h. molecules that can aFach= to the ECM or cytoskeleton to provide stronger framework tha the plasma membrane alone.

proteins ligands

i . a term for any molecule that binds specically to a receptor site on another molecule j. enables the cell to acquire bulk quan..es of specic substances, even though those substances may not be very concentrated in extracellular uid

receptor-mediated endocytosis electrogenic pump gated channels

k . transport protein that generates voltage across a membrane l. ion channels that open and close in response to a s.mulus

State one signicant dierence, as menGoned in parenthesis, between the following:

a. semi permeable membrane and selec.vely permeable (permeability)

semi-permeable- allows diusion on the basis of just the size of parAcles selecAvely permeable- depends on type of transport proteins present and the barrier of the lipid bilayer *check on that
b. lateral movement and ip op movement (frequencies)

lateral- frequent (about 10e7 Ames/sec) ip op- rare

BSC 1010: Honors Biological Principles

c. saturated tails and unsaturated tails (packaging and uidity)

saturated- Pack together & increases viscosity unsaturated-Prevent packing & increases uidity
d. advantage and disadvantage (membrane uidity)

advantage- need to be uid to work properly disadvantage- too much uidity might not be able to support protein structure.
e. peripheral protein and integral protein (occurrence)

peripheral- penetrate the hydrophobic interior integral- not embedded in the bilayer: like appendages
f. channel proteins and carrier proteins (molecules they transport)

channel- Aquaporins allows entry of water molecules. carrier-Glucose transporter (very selecAve and specic)
g. passive transport and ac.ve transport (energy)

passive- no energy required acAve- energy required

h.passive transport and ac.ve transport (concentra.on gradient)

passive- with concentraAon gradient acAve- against concentraAon gradient

i. diusion and osmosis (membranes)

diusion-no membrane is necessary osmosis- semi-permeable membrane is necessary

j. Hypertonic and hypotonic (movement)

Hypertonic- water moves out of the cell. hypotonic- water rushes inside the cell.
k. cholesterol and carbohydrates (func.on)

cholesterol- cell rigidity carbohydrates- cell recogniAon

BSC 1010: Honors Biological Principles

Draw and label the following:

a phospholipid bilayer with proteins (at least 5 important parts to be labeled)

the 6 stages of the sodium potassium pump