Exercise D Axisymmetric Thick-walled Cylinder

Finite Element Analysis in Practice Steps for Exercises 4.00 07/11/2005 37

Exercise D
Axisymmetric Thick-walled Cylinder
2-D Elements
Objective: Determine the hoop stress at the inner radius of the cylinder from the applied pressure load.

Geometry: Model is built in the YZ plane.
The axis of the cylinder is parallel to the Z axis.
Cross-sectional area = 1 in
2
.




Loads: Uniform internal pressure of 10,000 psi.

Constraints: The bottom edge will be constrained against translation in the Z direction.

Elements: 2-D Axisymmetric

Material: Steel (AISI 4130)

Exercise D Axisymmetric Thick-walled Cylinder
Finite Element Analysis in Practice Steps for Exercises 4.00 07/11/2005 38

Exercise D Axisymmetric Thick-walled Cylinder
Finite Element Analysis in Practice Steps for Exercises 4.00 07/11/2005 39
Solution
Building the Model
The mesh for the 2-D elements will be generated from a sketch in the FEA Editor environment.


"Start: Programs: ALGOR V17:
FEMPRO"
Press the Windows "Start" button. Select the
"Programs" pull-out menu and then select the
"ALGOR V17" pull-out menu. Select the
"FEMPRO" command.
"New" Select the "New" icon at the left side of the dialog.
"New" Press the "New" button.

Exercise D Type "Exercise D" in the "File name:" field in the
"Save As" dialog. Note the default folder location
where the analysis files will be created. This location
can be changed by navigating to an alternate working
folder if desired.
"Save" Press the "Save" button.

"Geometry: Sketch: New Sketch" Access the GEOMETRY pull-down menu and select
the "Sketch" pull-out menu. Select the "New
Sketch" command.

"OK" Press the "OK" button to create a sketch in the YZ
plane at X=0.

"Geometry: Sketch Entities:
Rectangle"
Access the GEOMETRY pull-down menu and select
the "Sketch Entities" pull-out menu. Select the
"Rectangle" command.

7 <Enter> Type "7" in the "Local X:" field and press <Enter> to
define the point (7,0) as the first corner of the rectangle.
(Note: The sketch geometry is always drawn in the YZ
plane.).

10 <Tab> 8 <Enter> Type "10" in the "Local X:" field, press <Tab>, type
"8" and press <Enter> to define the point (10,8) as the
opposite corner.

"Geometry: Sketch: Finish Sketch" Access the GEOMETRY pull-down menu and select
the "Sketch" pull-out menu. Select the "Finish
Sketch" command.
Mouse Right click on the "Sketch 1" heading in the tree view.
"Generate 2-D Mesh" Select the "Generate 2-D Mesh" command.

"Preview" Press the "Preview" button. The default mesh is
acceptable.

"OK" Press the "OK" button to load the mesh into the FEA
Editor environment.

Exercise D Axisymmetric Thick-walled Cylinder
Finite Element Analysis in Practice Steps for Exercises 4.00 07/11/2005 40

Defining the Element and Material Data
Mouse Right click on the "Element Definition" heading for
Part 1 in the tree view.
"Modify Element Definition..." Select the "Modify Element Definition..." command.
"Axisymmetric" In the "Element Definition" dialog, select the
"Axisymmetric" option in the "Geometry Type"
drop-down box.
"OK" Press the "OK" button to accept the change.
Mouse Right click on the "Material" heading for Part 1 in
the tree view.
"Modify Material" Select the "Modify Material" command.
"Steel (AISI 4130)" Highlight the "Steel (AISI 4130)" item in the "Select
Material" section of the "Element Material
Selection" dialog.
"View Properties" Press the "View Properties" button to view the
material properties associated with this type of steel.

"OK" Press the "OK" button to close the properties
window.
"OK" Press the "OK" button to accept the selected material.

After assigning the material properties, all red Xs should now be removed from the tree view.

Adding Loads and Constraints

"Selection: Shape: Rectangle" Access the SELECTION pull-down menu and select
the "Shape" pull-out menu. Select the "Rectangle"
command. This will allow you to select multiple
vertices with a rectangle selection box.

"Selection: Select: Vertices" Access the SELECTION pull-down menu and choose
the "Select" pull-out menu. Select the "Vertices"
command.
Mouse Draw a box enclosing the vertices along the bottom
edge (see Figure 2).

Exercise D Axisymmetric Thick-walled Cylinder
Finite Element Analysis in Practice Steps for Exercises 4.00 07/11/2005 41

Figure 2: Rectangle Select of Vertices

Mouse Right click in the display area.
"Add: Nodal Boundary Conditions" Select the "Add" pull-out menu and select the
"Nodal Boundary Conditions" command.

Mouse Activate the "Tz" checkbox in the "Constrained
DOFs" section to add the constraint in the Z
direction.

"OK" Press the "OK" button to apply these constraints to
the selected vertices. A red circle will appear on each
vertex along the bottom to indicate that it is partially
constrained.

"Selection: Shape: Point" Access the SELECTION pull-down menu and select
the "Shape" pull-out menu. Select the "Point"
command.

"Selection: Select: Surfaces" Access the SELECTION pull-down menu and choose
the "Select" pull-out menu. Select the "Surfaces"
command.
Mouse Click on the left vertical line of the rectangle.
Mouse Right click in the display area.
"Add: Surface Pressure/Traction" Select the "Add" pull-out menu and select the
"Surface Pressure/Traction" command.
10000 Type "10000" in the "Magntiude" field.
"OK" Press the "OK" button to apply the pressure.
Running the Analysis

"Analysis: Perform Analysis" Access the ANALYSIS pull-down menu and select
the "Perform Analysis" command to run the
analysis. At the completion of the analysis, FEMPRO
will automatically transfer to the Results environment.

Exercise D Axisymmetric Thick-walled Cylinder
Finite Element Analysis in Practice Steps for Exercises 4.00 07/11/2005 42

Results Evaluation and Presentation
The hoop stress is in the tangential (X) direction, which is normal to the plane formed by the radial
(Y) and axial (Z) directions.

"Results: Stress: Stress Tensor: 1) XX" Access the RESULTS pull-down menu and select the
"Stress" pull-out menu. Select the "Stress Tensor"
pull-out menu and select the "1) XX" command.
Your screen should now look like Figure 3.


Figure 3: Hoop Stress Results

To compare the results with the theoretical value, the hoop stress must be obtained at a node at a
distance removed from the free ends, which the theoretical solution does not take into account.
When comparing FEA results with closed form solutions, it is important to be aware of any
assumptions or limitations of the theoretical solution.


"Inquire: Results" Access the INQUIRE pull-down menu and select the
"Results" command to bring up the "Inquire:
Results" dialog.

Mouse Click on the node at the middle of the inner radius.
The "Inquire: Results" dialog indicates that node
number 70, at coordinates (0,7,4), has a stress value of
approximately 29,186 psi.

"Close" Press the "Close" button to close the "Inquire:
Results" dialog.

Exercise D Axisymmetric Thick-walled Cylinder
Finite Element Analysis in Practice Steps for Exercises 4.00 07/11/2005 43
Validation of Results
Reference

Roark, R. J. and Young, W. C., Roark's Formulas for Stress and Strain, Fifth Edition, New York,
McGraw-Hill, 1975, page 504, Table 32, Case 1A.

Theoretical Solution

2
is the normal stress in the hoop or tangential direction at radius r.

=
2 2
2 2
2
2
2
b a
r a
r
qb


Variable Value Units Comments
a 10 in. Outer radius
b 7 in. Inner radius
q 10,000 psi Internal pressure
r - in. Radial location at which
results are calculated.

For r = 7":
2
= 29,216 psi

Comparison of Results
Theoretical ALGOR % Difference
29,216 29,186 0.10%

This completes the exercise. To review a completed archive of this exercise, refer to the file
Exercise D.ach in the "exercise D\results archive" directory.

Exercise D Axisymmetric Thick-walled Cylinder
Finite Element Analysis in Practice Steps for Exercises 4.00 07/11/2005 44