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Coral Secondary School

Secondary Two Physics 2009


Notes
Name: _____________________________________________ ( ) Class: _________ Date: _________

Unit 7: Practical Electricity II


Instructions to Students
• Step 1: Print Practical Electricity II notes
• Step 2: View the PowerPoint presentation and fill in the various blanks in the notes given.
• Step 3: Submit the completed notes to your physics teacher during the next lesson.
Learning Outcomes
You should be able to,
• state some electrical hazards and precautionary measures to ensure the safe use of electricity in the home.

7.1: Common Household Wiring


• Household wiring is wired as such,

The live wire ( ____________ /


___________ ) is at a __________
voltage. This voltage may vary
between ____________________ .
In Singapore, this voltage is
____________ V.

The earth wire ( _____________ / ___________ ) is at


_________ V. No current flows in this wire under
The neutral wire ( ____________ /
normal operation. It is connected to the ground. _____________ ) is at ________ V.

7.2: What is Short-circuiting?

• A short circuit is an accidental _____________________________________ between two nodes of


an electrical circuit that are meant to be at different voltages
• An example is the accidental connection of the ______________ and ______________ wires for
Household Wiring
• This causes an _____________________ of current in the circuit

7.3: Electrical Hazards


Types of Hazards:
y Electric Shocks and Electrocution
y Occurs: When a person is injured or killed by _______________________ flowing through the

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2009 Mr Chung T W David, Coral Secondary School
body.
y Example: touching exposed live wire.
y Electric Shocks and Electrocution
y Occurs: A short circuit occurs causing the wire to be overheated and
__________________________.
y Example: Connecting too many electrical appliances to same output socket, causing a fire to
break.

Possible Causes:
y Damaged Insulation
y The wires of electrical appliances are insulated with ________________________________
such as rubber
y Due to _________________________, the rubber can become damaged and the wires exposed.

y Overheating of Cables
y Refers to the unusually large amount of heat generated by ________________________ current
flowing through the conducting wires.
y _______________________ of a power point can generate a huge amount of heat too.

y Damp Conditions
y Wet conditions of the skin greatly reduce the _____________________________ of the skin.
y Dry skin has a typical resistance of _____________ or more. However, it may drop
_______________ when wet
y With a voltage of 240V, a deadly current of 0.23A can flow through
the body

7.4: Electrical Safety


y General Guidelines:
y Never overload a socket
y Never use instruments to poke into an electrical socket
y Replace old wiring
y Do not wet electrical appliances, plugs or sockets
y Never use electrical gadgets in wet places
y Disconnect the appliance when cleaning it
y Call the electrician

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2009 Mr Chung T W David, Coral Secondary School
y Safety with Earthing
y When a fault occurs, the earth wire will carry the _________________________________
directly.
y This prevents the person who is in contact with the ground and touching the ‘live’ appliance to be
electrocuted.
y Appliances with ________________________________ are usually earthed.
y Safety with Switches
y Used to ________________________________________ when we are not operating the
electrical appliance.
y Must be fitted to the ______________________.
y Safety by Fuses
y Consist of a thin piece of copper wire, the fuse is given a current rating (i.e the
_________________________ it can carry without melting).
y When a fault occurs and the size of the current flow ___________________________________
of the fuse, the fuse will ‘blow’ (the fuse wire will melt, cutting off current flow).
y Must be fitted to the ___________________.
y Safety by Circuit Breakers
y A special type of switch that ________________________________ electricity supply in a circuit
if the flow of current becomes too large.
y The circuit breaker can only be reset after the fault has been corrected.
y ___________________________________ work like fuses but they ‘trip’ instead of ‘blowing’.
y ___________________________________ detects small leakages in the earth wire and cut off
the current in the live wire.

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2009 Mr Chung T W David, Coral Secondary School

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