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PRINCIPLES OF RADIOGRAPHIC
INTERPRETATION
DR. MUSTAFA ALKHADER
BDS.PHD
Chapter 16
IMAGING AS AN EXAMINATION TOOL
Clinical examination
Signs
Symptoms
Ordering the right type of imaging examination
Ordering the right number of imaging examination
Quality of diagnostic image.
Necessary vs unnecessary examinations
Benefit to the patient
VIEWING CONDITION
Viewbox
Monitor
Prints
Ambient light reduced
Quiet room
Intraoral films mounted on a opaque holder
Equal intensity of light on the view box
The size of the viewbox should accommodate the size
of the film.
Monitors: calibration
Magnification
Software limitations
IMAGE ANALYSIS
Systematic radiographic
examination>>>identify normal anatomy &
examinte the entire film
Inraoral images>>>examine the periapical
films before the bitewing films starting in the
RT maxilla to its LT then drop down in the LT
mandible to its RT
Extraoral images>> panoramic
films,cephalometric views&TMJ views
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LOCALIZE THE ABNORMALITY
LOCALIZED OR GENERALIZED
POSITION IN THE JAWS
SINGLE OR MULTIFOCAL
SIZE
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PERIPHERY
Well defined or ill defined?
Sharp margins, punched out
Corticated margins
Sclerotic margins
Radiolucent band
Blends into adjacent area
Irregular margins, invasive
SHAPE
Circular
Oval
Scalloped
Multilocular
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INTERNAL STRUCTURES
Radiolucent
Mixed
Radiopaque
Trabeculation
Septa
Calcifications
Tooth or similar entities
ADJACENT STRUCTURES
Teeth
Lamina dura
Crestal bone
Periodontal spaces
Alveolar bone
Nerve canals
Maxillary sinuses
Cortical bones
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Radiographic
findings
Abnormal
Developmental Acquired
Cysts
Tumors
(benign/malig)
Inflammatory Bone dysplasia Vascular Metabolic Trauma
Normal