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DEFINE/EXPLAIN: PUBLIC CORPORATIONS One created by the state either by general or special act for purposes of administration of local government or rendering service in the public interest 2) MUNICIPAL CORPORATION body politic and corporate constituted by the incorporation of inhabitants for purposes of local government. It is established by law partly as an agency of the State to assist in the civil government of the country, but chiefly to regulate and administer the local or internal affairs of the city, town or district which is incorporated. Dual Nature of Municipal Corporations: Public/Governmental it acts as an agent of the State for the government of the territory and the inhabitants within the municipal limits. Private/Proprietary it acts in a similar category as a business corporation, performing functions not strictly government or political; those exercised for the special benefit and advantage of the community 3) LOCAL GOVERNMENT a political subdivision of a nation or state which is constituted by law and has substantial control over local affairs 4) PROVINCE cluster of municipalities or municipalities and component cities, and serves as dynamic mechanism for developmental processes and effective governance of LGUs within its territorial jurisdiction 5) CITY composed of more urbanized and developed barangays, serves as a general purpose government for coordination and delivery of basic, regular and direct services and effective governance of inhabitants within its territorial jurisdiction 6) MUNICIPALITY consisting of group of barangays, it serves primarily as a general purpose government for coordination and delivery of basic, regular and direct services and effective governance of inhabitants within its territorial jurisdiction. 7) BARANGAY basic political unit which serves as primary planning and implementing unit of government policies, plans, programs, projects and activities in community, and as a forum wherein collective views of people may be expressed, crystallized and considered and where disputes may be amicably settled 8) LOCAL AUTONOMY means that local government have certain powers given by the Constitution which may not be curtailed by the national government, but that outside of these local governments may not ordinance contrary to statutes In its constitutional sense, to polarize LGUSs from overdependence on central government and do not make LGUS mini-republics or imperium in imperia 9) AUTONOMOUS REGIONS created for decentralization of administration or decentralization of government. There shall be created autonomous regions in Muslim Mindanao and the Cordilleras consisting of provinces, cities, municipalities, and geographical areas sharing common and distinctive historical and cultural heritage, economic and social structures, and other relevant characteristics within the framework of this Constitution and the national sovereignty as well as territorial integrity of the Republic of the Philippines. (Art. X, Sec. 15, 1987 Constitution) 10) SPECIAL METROPOLITAN POLITICAL SUBDIVISIONS created for the sole purpose of coordination of delivery of basic services. It lacks the element of local autonomy to be considered a regular political subdivision The jurisdiction of the metropolitan authority that will thereby be created shall be limited to basic services requiring coordination. (Sec. 11, 1987 Constitution) 1) 1) EXPLAIN Principles of Local Autonomy and Decentralization The State shall ensure the autonomy of local governments ( Sec.

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25, Art. II, 1987 Constitution) The territorial and political subdivisions shall enjoy local autonomy (Sec.2 Art. X, 1987 Constitution) Kinds of Autonomy Decentralization of Administration The central government delegates administrative powers to political subdivisions in order to broaden the base of government power to ensure their fullest development as self-reliant communities. Decentralization of Power involves abdication of political power in favor LGUs declared autonomous Elements of Municipal Corporation Legal creation or incorporation Corporate name Inhabitants constituting the population Territory Authority to Create Local Government (Sec. 6, LGC) An LGU may be created, divided, merged abolished, or its boundaries substantially altered: By a law enacted by Congress for provinces, cities and municipalities By an ordinance passed by the Sanguniang Panlalawigan or Sanguniang Panglungsod concerened in the case of any barangay within its territorial jurisdiction Declaration of Policy under RA 7160 Territory and subdivisions of the State shall enjoy genuine and meaningful local autonomy to enable them to attain fullest development and make them more effective partners in attaining national goals; Ensure accountability of LGUs through institution of effective mechanisms of recall, initiative and referendum; and Require all national agencies and officers to conduct periodic consultations with appropriate LGUs, NGOs and POs and other concerned sector of community before any project or program is implemented in their respective jurisdictions Requisites/Limitation on Creation and Conversion of Political Subdivisions No province, city, municipality or barangay may be created, divided, merged, abolished or its boundary substantially altered, except in accordance with the criteria established in the local government code and subject to approval by a majority of the votes cast in a plebiscite in the political units affected. (Sec. 10, Art. X, 1987 Constitution) Three conditions that must be complied with by Congress in creating LGUs Sec.7, LGC shall be based on Verifiable indicators of viability and Projected capacity to provide services (Verifiable Indicator for the Creation and Conversion of a Local Government Unit) Income must be sufficient to provide for all essential facilities and services commensurate with the size if its population; Population based on total number of inhabitants within the territorial jurisdiction of the local government unit; Land area must be contiguous, unless it comprises two or more islands or is separated by a local government unit; properly identified by metes and bounds and sufficient to provide for such basic services and facilities Authority of the President of the Philippines over the LGUs The President of the Philippines shall exercise general supervision over local governments. (Sec. 4, 1987 Constitution) The President shall exercise general supervision over autonomous regions to ensure that laws are faithfully executed.

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(Sec. 16, 1987 Constitution) Power of Congress over the LGUs