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OPEN SHORTEST PATH FIRST ASSIGNMENT

By, Charu Joshi Neha Sablok Praveen Reddy Shruthi B.N

1. Open Shortest Path First

The open shortest path first protocol is an intradomain routing protocol based on the link state routing. Its domain is also an autonomous system.

2. Areas
To handle rounting efficiently and in a timely manner, OSPF divides an autonomous system into areas. An area is collection in networks, hosts and routers all contained within an autonomous system. An autonomous system can be divided into many different areas. All networks inside an area must be connected Routers inside an area flood the area with routing information. At the border of an area, special routers called area border routers summarize the information about the area and send it to other areas. Among the areas inside an autonomous system is a special area called the backbone, all of the areas inside an autonomous system must be connected to the backbone. In other words, the backbone serves as a primary area and the other areas as secondary areas. The router inside the backbone are called the backbone router.

3. Metric
The OSPF protocol allows the administrator to assign a cost called the metric to each route. The metric can be based in a type of service(minimum delay , maximum throughput and so on) .

4. Types of links
In OSPF terminology a connection is called a link. Four types of links have been defined : Point-to-point Transient Stub Virtual

Point-to-point link The point to point link connects two routers without any other host or router in between. An example will be a telephone.

Transient link A transient link is a network with several routers attached to it. The data can enter through any router and leave from any router. All LANs and some WANs with two or more routers are of this type.

Stub link
A stub link is a network that is connected to only one router. The data packets enter the network through this single router and leave the network through this same router. It is an special case of transient network.

Virtual Link When the link between two routers is broken, the administration may create a virtual link between them using a longer path that probably geos through several routers.

5. OSPF Packets
OSPF uses five different types of packets

6. Common Header
All OSPF packets have the same common header

Version # The OSPF version number. This specification documents version 2 of the protocol. Type The OSPF packet types are as follows. The format of each of these packet types is described in a succeeding section. Type Description ________________________________ 1 Hello 2 Database Description 3 Link State Request 4 Link State Update 5 Link State Acknowledgment Packet length The length of the protocol packet in bytes. This length includes the standard OSPF header. Router ID The Router ID of the packet's source. In OSPF, the source and destination of a routing protocol packet are the two ends of an (potential) adjacency. Area ID A 32 bit number identifying the area that this packet belongs to. All OSPF packets are associated with a single area. Most travel a single hop only. Packets travelling over a virtual link are labelled with the backbone Area ID of 0.0.0.0. Checksum The standard IP checksum of the entire contents of the packet, starting with the OSPF packet header but excluding the 64-bit authentication field. This checksum is calculated as the 16-bit one's complement of the one's complement sum of all the 16-bit words in the packet, excepting the authentication field. If the packet's length

is not an integral number of 16-bit words, the packet is padded with a byte of zero before checksumming. AuType Identifies the authentication scheme to be used for the packet. Authentication is discussed in Appendix D of the specification. Consult Appendix D for a list of the currently defined authentication types. Authentication A 64-bit field for use by the authentication scheme.

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