9.

The wing will produce more lift compared with mid and low wing, since two parts of the wing are attached 9at least on the top part). 10. For the same reason as in item 8, the aircraft will have lower stall speed, since C Lmax will be higher. 11. The pilot has better view in lower-than-horizon. A fighter pilot has a full view under the aircraft. 12. For an engine that is installed under the wing, there is less possibility of sand and debris to enter engine and damage the blades and propellers. 13. There is a lower possibility of human accident to hit the propeller and be pulled to the engine inlet. In few rare accidents, several careless people has died (hit the rotating propeller or pulled into the jet engine inlet). 14. The aerodynamic shape of the fuselage lower section can be smoother. 15. There is more space inside fuselage for cargo, luggage or passenger. 16. The wing drag is producing a nose-down pitching moment, so it is longitudinally stabilizing. This is due to the higher location of wing drag line relative to the aircraft center of gravity (MDcg < 0). b. Disadvantages 1. The aircraft frontal area is more (compared with mid wing). This will increase aircraft drag. 2. The ground effect is lower, compared with low wing. During takeoff and landing operations, the ground will influence the wing pressure distribution. The wing lift will be slightly lower than low wing configuration. This will increase the takeoff run slightly. Thus, high wing configuration is not a right option for STOL3 aircraft. 3. Landing gear is longer if connected to the wing. This makes the landing gear heavier and requires more space inside the wing for retraction system. This will further make the wing structure heavier. 4. The pilot has less higher-than-horizon view. The wing above the pilot will obscure part of the sky for a fighter pilot. 5. If landing gear is connected to fuselage and there is not sufficient space for retraction system, an extra space must be provided to house landing gear after retraction. This will increase fuselage frontal area and thus will increase aircraft drag. 6. The wing is producing more induced drag (Di), due to higher lift coefficient. 7. The horizontal tail area of an aircraft with a high wing is about 20% larger than the horizontal tail area with a low wing. This is due to more downwash of a high wing on the tail. 8. A high wing is structurally about 20% heavier than low wing. 9. The retraction of the landing gear inside the wing is not usually an option, due to the required high length of landing gear. 10. The aircraft lateral control is weaker compared with mid wing and low wing, since the aircraft has more laterally dynamic stability. Although, the high wing has more advantages than disadvantages, but all items do not have the same weighing factor. It depends on what design objective is more significant than

Short Take Off and Landing

Wing Design