M. A.

Programme in HRM & LR First Year (2013 2015) Course Title : FCHR 6: Qualitative Research Total Credit Hours : 30 Course Facilitator : Dr. P. Premalatha Email: premalatha@tiss.edu Required Text Creswell, John W. (2007). Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing Among Five Traditions. London: Sage Publications. Reference Text Books Denzin, N., and Lincoln, Y. (1997). Handbook of Qualitative Research. London: Sage Publications. Evaluation Scheme Class Participation 10% Quiz 10% Group Project 20% End Term Examination 60% Module I: Conceptualizing Qualitative Research Session 1 - Qualitative Research Introduction Qualitative Research Introduction The Qualitative Orientation The History of Qualitative Research Characteristics of Qualitative Research The Process Model Assumptions Values & Ethics Qualitative Vs Quantitative Research Essential Readings: Denzin, N., and Lincoln, Y. (1997). The discipline and practice of qualitative research. In Handbook of Qualitative Research, pp. 1-28. London: Sage Publications. [Chapter 1]. Lawrence, N. W. (2009). Qualitative research design. In Social Research Methods: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches, pp. 327-36. London: Pearson. [Chapter 13] Bryman, A. (1988). The debate about quantitative and qualitative research. In Quantity and Quality in Social Research, pp. 93-125. London: Unwin Hyman Ltd. Christains, C. G. (2000). Codes of ethics. In N. K. Denzin and Y. S. Lincoln (eds) Handbook of Qualitative Research, pp. 133-55. London: Sage Publications. Session 2 - Conceptualizing Qualitative Research When to use Qualitative Research The Process of Designing a Qualitative Study Structure of a Plan or Proposal Building a Conceptual Framework

Essential Readings:

Creswell, J. W. (2007). Designing a qualitative study. In Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing Among Five Traditions, pp. 35-52. London: Sage Publications. Miles, M. B., and Huberman, A. M. (1994). Focusing and bounding the collection of date. In Qualitative Data Analysis (second edition), pp. 28-33. Thousand Oaks, California: Sage Publications. [Chapter 2].

Module II: Qualitative Approaches to Inquiry - Designing Qualtative Research Session 3 - Narrative Research Definition and Background Types of Narrative Studies Procedures for conducting Narrative Research

Creswell, J. W. (2007). Narrative research. In Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing Among Five Approaches, pp. 53-57. London: Sage Publications. Ollerenshaw, J. A., and Creswell, J. W. (2002). Narrative research: A comparison of two restorying data analysis approaches. Qualitative Inquiry, 8(3), 329-47.

Supplementary Readings: Clandininm D. J. (2007). Handbook of Narrative Inquiry: Mapping a Methodology. London: Sage Publications. Riessman, C. K. (1993). Narrative Analysis. London: Sage Publications. [Qualitative Research Methods Series 30]. Session 4 - Phenomenological Research (Dr. Srinath Jagannathan) Definition and Background Types of Phenomenology Procedures of conducting Phenomenological Research Challenges Essential Readings:

Cresswell, J. W. (2007). Phenomenological research. In Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing Among Five Approaches, pp. 57-62. London: Sage Publications. Wrathall, M. A., and Dreyfus, H. L. (2006). A brief introduction to phenomenology and existentialism. In H. L. Dreyfus and M. A. Wrathall (eds) A Companion to Phenomenology and Existentialism, pp. 1-6. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. Jay, M. (2006). The lifeworld and lived experience. In H. L. Dreyfus and M. A. Wrathall (eds) A Companion to Phenomenology and Existentialism, pp. 91-104. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.

Supplementary Readings:

Brough, J. B., and Blattner, W. (2006). Temporality. In H. L. Dreyfus and M. A. Wrathall (eds) A Companion to Phenomenology and Existentialism, pp. 127-34. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. Brenner, A. (2006). The lived-body and the dignity of human beings. In H. L. Dreyfus and M. A. Wrathall (eds) A Companion to Phenomenology and Existentialism, pp. 478-88. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. Jacobs, C., and Coghlan, D. (2005). Sound from silence: On listening in organizational learning. Human Relations, 58(1), 115-38. Yakhlef, A. (2010). The corporeality of practice-based learning. Organization Studies, 31(4), 409-30.

Session 5 - Grounded Theory Research Definition and Background Types of Grounded Theory Studies Procedures of Conducting Grounded Theory Research Essential Readings: Creswell, J. W. (2007). Grounded theory research. In Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing Among Five Approaches, pp. 62-67. London: Sage Publications.

Strauss, A. and Corbin, J. (1990). Grounded theory research: Procedures, canons, and evaluative criteria, Qualitative Sociology, 13(1), 3 21. Suddaby, R. (2006). From the editors: What grounded theory is not. Academy of Management Journal, 49(4), 633-642.

Supplementary Readings:

Glaser, B. G., and Strauss, A L. (1967). The Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research. Chicago: Aldine Publishing Company. Bryant, A., and Charmaz, K. (2007. The Sage Handbook of Grounded Theory. London: Sage Publications. Locke, K. (2001). Grounded Theory in Management Research. London: Sage Publications Limited. Strauss, A., and Corbin, J. (1999). Grounded theory methodology: An overview. In A. Bryman and R. G. Burgess (eds) Qualitative Research Volume III, pp. 72-93. London: Sage Publications. Egan, T M. (2002). Grounded theory research and theory building. Advances in Developing Human Resources, 4, 277-295.

Session 6 - Ethnographic Research

Definition and Background Types of Ethnographies Procedures for conducting an Ethnography Challenges Analytic Ethnography Essential Readings: Creswell, J. W. (2007). Ethnographic research. In Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing Among Five Approaches, pp. 68-72. London: Sage Publications. Lofland, J. (1995). Analytic ethnography: Features, failings, and futures. Journal of Contemporary Ethnography, 24(1), 30-67. Supplementary Readings: Atkinson P. (1990). The Ethnographic Imagination: Textual Constructions of Reality. New York: Routledge.

Sanday, P. R. (1979). The ethnographic paradigm(s). Administrative Science Quarterly, 24(4), 527-538 Hammersley, M., and Atkinson, P. (1995). Ethnography: Principles in Practice. London: Routledge. Spradely, P. J. (1979). The Ethnographic Interview. New York: Rinehart and Winston.

Session 7 - Case Study Research (Dr. P. Vijayakumar) Definition and Background Types of Case Studies Procedures for Conducting a Case Study Challenges Essential Readings:

Creswell, J. W. (2007). Case study research. In Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing Among Five Approaches, pp. 73-75. London: Sage Publications. Eisenhardt, K. M. (1989). Building theories from case study research. Academy of Management Review, 14 (4), 532-550 Yin, R. K. (1984). Introduction. In Case Study Research: Design and Methods. Beverly Hills, California: Sage Publications. Yin, R. K. (1984). Designing case studies. In Case Study Research: Design and Methods. Beverly Hills, California: Sage Publications.

Supplementary Readings: Yin, R. K. (1984). Case Study Research: Design and Methods. Beverly Hills, California : Sage Publications

Module III: Qualitative Research Data Collection Methods Session 8 Sampling Purposeful Sampling Theoretical Sampling Essential Readings: Patton, M. Q. (1990). Purposeful sampling. In Qualitative Evaluation and Research Methods, pp. 169-86. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications. Glaser, B. G., and Strauss, A. L. (1967). Theoretical sampling. In The Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research, pp. 45-77. Chicago: Aldine Publishing Company. [Chapter 3]. Session 9 - Indepth Interviews & Observation Indepth Interviews: Dimensions of Participant control over interviews in three modes of interviewing Interviewing Skills Codes of Ethics Dominance Through Interviews and Dialogues The Problems With Interviews Essential Readings: Charmaz, K. (2006). Intensive interviewing. In Constructing Grounded Theory: A Practical Guide Through Qualitative Analysis, pp. 25-34. London: Sage Publications.

Steinar K. (2006). Dominance through interviews and dialogues. Qualitative Inquiry, 12(3), 480-500. Nunkoosing, K. (2005). The problems with interviews. Qualitative Health Research, 15(5), 698-706.

Supplementary Readings: Corbin, J., and Morse, J. M. (2003). The unstructured interactive interview: Issues of reciprocity and risks when dealing with sensitive topics. Qualitative Inquiry, 9(3), 335-354. Observation: Participant Observation Non Participant Observation Being an insider participant observer Essential Readings: Labaree, R. V. (2002). The risk of going observationalist: Negotiating the hidden dilemmas of being an insider participant observer. Qualitative Research, 2(1), 97122.

Spardley, J. (1980). Participant Observation, pp. 38-52. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.

Session 10 - Focus Group Discussion Focus Group Discussion Introduction Uses of Focus Groups Conducting the Focus Group Analyzing Focus Group Data Essential Readings:

Stewart, D. W., and Shamdasani, P. N. (2006). Introduction. In Focus Groups: Theory and Practice, pp. 9-32. London: Sage Publications. [Chapter 1]. Stewart, D. W., and Shamdasani, P. N. (2006). Conducting the focus group. In Focus Groups: Theory and Practice , pp. 87-121. London: Sage Publications. [Chapter 5]. Stewart, D. W., and Shamdasani, P. N. (2006). Analyzing focus group data. In Focus Groups: Theory and Practice , pp. 102-20. London: Sage Publications. [Chapter 6]. Morgan, D. L., and Krueger, R. A. (1996). When to use focus group and why. In D. L. Morgan (ed) Successful Focus Groups, pp. 3-19. London: Sage Publications.

Supplementary Readings:

Morgan, D. L. (1997). Why should you use focus groups? In The Focus Group Guidebook, pp. 9-15. London: Sage Publications. [Chapter 2]. Frey, J. H., and Fontana, A. (1996). The group interview in social research. In D. L. Morgan (ed) Successful Focus Groups, pp. 20-64. London: Sage Publications. [Chapter 2]. Knodel, J. (1996). The design and analysis of focus group studies. In D. L. Morgan (ed) Successful Focus Groups, pp. 35-48. London: Sage Publications. [Chapter 3]. Dreachslin, J. L. (1998). Conducting effective focus group in the context of diversity: Theoretical underpinnings and practical implications. Qualitative Health Research, 8(6), 813-820. Morgan, D. L. (1988). Focus Group as Qualitative Research. Newbury Park, California: Sage Publications Morgan, D. L. (1988). The Focus Group Guidebook. Thousand Oaks, California: Sage Publications Module IV: Qualitative Research Data Analysis Techniques

Session 11: Qualitative Research Data Analysis Techniques Validity in Qualitative Research: Determining Validity in Qualitative Inquiry Validity Procedures withing Qualitative Lens and Paradigm assumptions Coding Paradigm: Open Coding

Axial Coding Selective Coding Essential Readings:

Creswell, J. W., and Miller, D. L. (2000). Determining validity in qualitative inquiry. Theory into Practice, 39(3), 124-130. Whittemore, R., Chase, S. K., and Mandle, C. L. (2001). Validity in qualitative research. Qualitative Health Research, 11(4), 522-537. Strauss, A. L., and Corbin, J. (1998). Qualitative Analysis for Social Scientists, pp. 55-81. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Supplementary Readings: Krik, J., and Miller, M. L. (1986). Reliability and Validity in Qualitative Research . Beverly Hills, California: Sage Publications. Miles, M. B. (1979). Qualitative data as an attractive nuisance: The problem of analysis. Administrative Science Quarterly, 24(4), 590-601 Miles, M. B, and Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative Data Analysis (second edition). Thousand Oaks, California: Sage Publications. Altheide, D. L., and Johnson, J. M. (1994). Criteria for assessing interpretive validity in qualitative research. In N. K. Denzin and Y. S. Lincoln (eds.) Handbook of Qualitative Research, pp. 485-499. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.

Session 12 & 13: Data Analysis Techniques Atlas.ti Getting Started with Computer-assisted qualitative data analysis Atlas.ti to assist with the qualitative analysis of data Lab Sessions Module V: Writing up Qualitative Research & Developing Field Based Theories Session 14 - Writing up Qualitative Research Writing a Qualitative Study: Overall Rhetorical Structure and Embedded Rhetorical Structure in writing a qualitative study using Narrative, Phenomenology, Grounded Theory, Ethnography, Case Study Discussion Reflexivity and Representations in writing Audience for our writings Encoding and Quotes in our writings Essential Readings:

Creswell, J. W. (2007). Writing a qualitative study. In Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing Among Five Approaches, pp. 177-200. London: Sage Publications. [Chapter 9].

Wolcott, H. F. (2002). Writing up qualitative research... better. Qualitative Health Research, 12(1), 91-103. Alvermann, D. E., O'Brien, D. G., and Dillon, D. R. (1996). Conversations: On writing qualitative research. Reading Research Quarterly, 31(1), 114-120. Pratt, M. G. (2009). For the lack of a boilerplate: Tips on writing up (and reviewing) Qualitative Research. Academy of Management Journal, 52(5), 856-862.

Supplementary Readings: Wolcot, H.T. (2001/1990). Writing up Qualitative Research. Newbury Park, California: Sage Publications. Woods, P. (2006/1999). Successful Writing for Qualitative Researchers. Oxon: Routledge. Session 15 - Developing Field Based Theories & Standards of Validation and Evaluation Theory Building What Theory is not? Standards of Validation and Evaluation Essential Readings: Lynham, S. A. (2000). Theory building in the human resource development profession. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 11(2), 159 177.

Sutton, R. I., and Staw, B. M. (1995). What theory is not. Administrative Science Quarterly, 40, 371-384. Creswell, J. W. (2007). Standards of validation and evaluation. In Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing Among Five Approaches, pp. 177-200. London: Sage Publications. [Chapter 10].

Supplementary Readings: Dubin, R. (1978). Theory Building (Revised Edition). New York: The Free Press.