Exhaust Noise & Vibration

System-level structure borne vibration problem

Loud noise in rear passenger seat at cruising speed is believed to be due to exhaust resonance.
Neon RT exhaust test bed as an example of a complex system-level N&V problem

Exhaust Noise & Vibration

Contradictions in diagnosing the problem An increase in the spring rate of the Neon suspension introduces a system-level noise problem in the 300-350 Hz frequency range.
- Why does a change in the suspension subsystem create a vibration

problem in the exhaust subsystem in the first place? - How and why does a stiffness change in the exhaust system inlet pipe affect the vibration problem?

Exhaust Noise & Vibration

Simplified model

An increase in the spring rate of the vehicle suspension subsystem causes the exhaust subsystem resonances to shift upward due to perturbed boundary condition.

Certain modes are affected by increase in suspension stiffness, K2 Increase in K2

Test Setup
Electro-dynamic shaker testing
PCB 288D01 (102.24 mV/lbf, 98.36 mV/g) 356A08/A356B18 (92~102, 907~1042 mV/g)

Electro-dynamic 50-lb skewed shaker excitation at bellows (to excite bending and torsional modes of exhaust)

Neon RT exhaust subsystem (10 tri-axial accelerometer measurements and impedance sensor)

Agilent E1432 51.2 kHz DAQ with MATLAB-based MIMO/MRIT testing interface (51.2 kHz clock speed, 800 Hz bandwidth, 2048 sampling freq., 4096 BS, 50% overlap, 0.5 Hz f)

Experimental Modal Analysis

Modal frequencies and shapes
Mode near 312 Hz appears in all three directions with strongest motion in Y.
___ X-direction - - - Y-direction - - - Z-direction

Modal Deflection

Degree-of-freedom

Results of Design Change

Removal of problem frequency

Problem mode in the 300-350 Hz range is displaced by the reduction in stiffness at the inlet as shown below.

Accel/Force

Frequency [Hz]

Accel/Force

Frequency [Hz]

Structural Modification

Structural Modification
Windowed 41 Hz Concentrate inertia; reduce stiffness

Windowless 90 Hz

Suction Gas Pulsation Model

Annular volume w. const. cross-section

For linear steady, isentropic flow w/o viscosity or body forces

Homogeneous

Inhomogeneous

Model manifold approx. with annular volume

Natural Frequencies
Baseline modal model selection via finite element modeling and analysis Baseline parameters

r=50mm, D=12mm, b=28mm and h=12mm

h 8 10 12 14 Mode 1(0o) 511.546 511.860 512.236 512.692 Mode 1(90o) 511.546 511.860 512.236 512.692 Mode 2(0o) 1023 1024 1024 1025 Mode 2(90o) 1023 1024 1024 1025

Mode 1 2

(Hz) 503.36 512.82

Mode 1 2

(Hz) 1004 1014

Mode 1 2

(Hz) 1466 1487

Repeated Roots (Natural Frequencies)

Symmetry causes repeated natural frequencies, each of which exhibits a different modal deflection shape.
Mode k freq and phase

512 Hz

512 Hz

1023 Hz

1023 Hz

Two periods Md 1 and Md 2 shapes

How do draw a pressure mode shape?

When we draw the pressure mode shape in the volume, we must go through zero twice over 360 degrees and return to the original pressure.

correct

Tennis Racquet

Tennis Racquet

Vehicle

Vehicle

Mackey Arena