COMMITTEE ON NEEDS ASSESSMENT OF NIGERIAN PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES

Presentation to the NATIONAL ECONOMIC COUNCIL

Council Chamber State House, Abuja Thursday 1st November 2012

Dispute over the implementation of the 2009 Agreement between the FGN and ASUU Efforts to resolve the outstanding issues Revitalisation of the Nigerian University system

Needs Assessment of Nigerian Universities

S/N Name
1
2 3 4 5 6

Institution

Post

Prof. Mahmood Yakubu

Senator Abubakar Atiku Bagudu Honourable Jerry Alagbaoso Raymond Brown Dr. Jamila Shuara Adeyinka O. Jones

Executive Secretary, Tertiary Education Trust Chairman Fund (TETFund) Representative, Senate Committee on Member Education, National Assembly Representative, House of Representatives Member Committee on Education, National Assembly
Representative, Office of the SGF Representative, Federal Ministry of Education Representative, Federal Ministry of Finance Member Member Member

7
8 9 10

Emmanuel Ina Uchola

Mrs. Victoria Omolade Oluyole, Late Arc. (Mrs.) Chinwe Obi/ Mr. Ayo Bankole Prof. Ukachukwu Aloysius Awuzie

Representative, Federal Ministry of Trade & Member Investment Representative, National Planning Commission Member
Representative, Commission (NUC) National Universities Member Union of Member

11

Mr. Femi Melefa

President/IPP Academic Staff Universities (ASUU) Tertiary Education Trust Fund

Secretary

The Universities produce leaders in all areas: Government, business, innovation and invention. The FUTURE of a nation can be determined by the quality of its education system generally, but especially by its universities in the immediate term.

 Carry out a detailed appraisal of existing physical facilities for teaching and learning in the universities, particularly their capacity and functionality; Give a detailed inventory of learning resources, with particular reference to their relevance and serviceability; Compile the number of teaching staff by academic qualification and programme, indicating whether they are engaged on full-time, part-time or adjunct basis; Compile a list of non-teaching staff and their disposition in each University; Compile a list of full-time students in each programme (undergraduate as well as postgraduate) across all levels; Identify the number of institutions, students and programmes involved in parttime and approved affiliations; Identify the number of on-campus hostels in each university and categorise them by ownership and capacity vis--vis the students population; Give the status of municipal facilities in each university and the requirements for their provision, upgrade and maintenance; Examine any other matter which in the opinion of the Committee is relevant to the revitalization of our universities; and Submit a comprehensive report, making clear and detailed recommendations that are immediately actionable by Government.

 Development of Data Gathering Templates Interactions with Pro-Chancellors and Vice-Chancellors of all public universities Interaction with other university managers (Directors of Academic Planning, Physical Planning, and Works) Collation of data/information from all the public universities Confirmatory visits to all the universities Analysis of data and information (data clean-up and analysis) Comparisons with International Best Practices indices and parameters Comparisons with Nigerian National Minimum Standards Development of Reports

There are 74 public Universities in Nigeria (37 Federal, 37 State) The work of the Committee covers 61 Universities:
27 Federal (the 10 new Universities not included) 34 State (Sokoto State University, North West University Kano and Tai Solarin University of Education, Ijebu Ode, Ogun State, not included)

13 of the 74 are Universities of Science and Technology: 5 Federal, 8 State universities 2 Universities of Education (both of them State Universities) 3 Universities of Agriculture (all of them Federal) 2 Defence/Security Universities (both of them Federal) 1 Petroleum University (Federal) 53 conventional universities (26 Federal, 27 State Universities)

By definition, NEEDS ASSESSMENT entails an appraisal of the existing situation and what is needed for transformation. It is not an assessment of achievements and not a PR exercise. Nations have periodically done self-appraisal of their institutions believing that it is the best way to reposition and transform them.

We have examined the universities beyond the impression we get when we attend convocation ceremonies or give public lectures on their campuses. The Report is factual, graphic and in some cases grim.
The universities have a common problem irrespective of region and ownership.

PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE & LEARNING RESOURCES

Physical infrastructure includes:

for

teaching

&

learning

Lecture Theatres/Auditoria Classrooms Laboratories Workshops/Studios/Gymnasia Libraries Staff Offices Learning resources are:
Laboratory equipment and consumables ICT facilities and services Books, journals and periodicals Machines and other research equipment, etc.

The Committees Assessment found that physical facilities for teaching and learning in Nigerian Universities are:
Inadequate Used beyond the original carrying capacity. Many lecturers, including Professors, share small offices. Dilapidated Poorly ventilated, illuminated, furnished and equipped. Over-stretched/over-crowded Lectures theatres, classrooms, laboratories and workshops shared by many programmes across different Faculties. Improvised Open-air sports pavilion, old cafeteria, convocation arenas and even uncompleted buildings used for lectures. In some cases, workshops are conducted under corrugated sheds or trees.

So much pressure is put on existing facilities mainly due to unplanned expansion of programmes: Ebonyi State University has 11 Faculties in 11 years. The University of Abuja established 4 capital intensive programmes in one day. Osun State University Osogbo has 3 sets of Medical Students in limbo between pre-clinical and clinical stages due to the absence of a Teaching Hospital. Inability to use facility audit as a basis of planning as in the case of the proposed Faculty of Medicine vis--vis existing reality in Umaru YarAdua University in Katsina. as illustrated by the following slide.

CLASSROOMS & LECTURE THEATRES

Typical Over-crowded & Over-stretched Facility with inadequate Furniture, MOUA Umudike

University Students Attending Regular Academic Lecture in a Sports Pavilion: Umudike

Peeping through the Window for Lectures: University of Maiduguri

Sitting on Bare Floor for Lectures: University of Jos

Typical Over-crowded Lecture Hall: DELSU, Abraka

Pioneer Students standing for lectures, Bauchi State University (Bauchi Campus)

Pioneer Students standing for lectures, Akwa Ibom State University (Main Campus Ikot Akpaden)

Improvised Seats in Lecture Theatre at University of Benin

Broken Furniture in Lecture Rooms: OAU Ile-Ife

Simultaneous Lectures Going on in an Improvised Facility, FUT Owerri

Broken furniture at CHS Auditorium, NDU Wilberforce Island

Typical Dilapidated Lecture Room: IMSU, Owerri

Typical Dilapidated Lecture Room: NAU, Awka

Typical Lecturers Office, MOUA, Umudike

LABORATORIES & WORKSHOPS

The Committees findings are as follows:

Many Laboratories and Workshops are old with inappropriate furnishing. Power and water supply problems. Scanty and broken furniture. Overcrowded and overstretched (many double as lecture rooms). Equipment and consumables are absent, inadequate or outdated. Kerosene stoves used as Bunsen burners in some laboratories. Engineering Workshops operating under zinc sheds and trees. In many universities, science-based Faculties are running Dry Lab for lack of reagents and tools to conduct physical/real experiments. No Cutting edge research equipment/facilities. No laboratory, workshop or library ranks among the top 1,000 in the world. Where major equipment exists, the ratio to student, in some universities, is as high as 1:500.

Typical Chemistry Laboratory in Nigerian University

Students Improvise to do their Lab work

Overcrowded Dry Lab (Animal & Environmental Biology Practicals): Univ. of Benin

Kerosene Stoves as Improvised Bunsen burners

Chemistry Lab, University of Uyo

Biochemistry Lab, University of Jos

Botany Laboratory at Unical: Stools donated by Students

Dry Lab in action: no tools, no reagents: Main Teaching Laboratory, Chemistry Dept., ABU Zaria

Lab without Tools: 300 Level Biology and Biotechnology Class, Univ. of Benin

Good Facility without Equipment

Physics Laboratory, Yobe State University, Damaturu

Good Facility without Equipment

Laboratory in fair condition: OAU

Engineering Workshop in a University: Maiduguri

Obsolete Engineering Equipment

Lagos State University

OAU Ile-Ife

Architecture Studio at ABU Zaria

Mechanical Engineering (Automobile) Workshop: FUT Owerri

Agriculture Workshop: ATBU Bauchi

Central Research Lab: University of Ilorin

Central Engineering Workshop: Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta

OTHER LEARNING RESOURCES

Basic Learning Resources are unavailable or in short supply. For instance:

less than 10% of the universities have Video Conferencing facility. Less than 20% of the universities use Interactive Boards (even the ones that deployed Interactive Boards are using them in less than 10% of their lecture rooms/theatres). More than 50% dont use Public Address System in their lecture rooms/theatres. Internet Services are non-existent, or epileptic and slow. Library resources are outdated and manual. No university library is fully automated. Less than 35% are partially automated.

Section of Kashim Ibrahim Library, ABU Zaria

Library, Ignatius Ajuru University of Education, Rumuolumeni

Quantity Procured

Quantity Required

1000

500
100 500 10 20 700 500 100 2,600 150 6 15 15 13 2 5,000 1500 150 500 5 10 300 500 150 4,930 180 4 5 250 150

3 0

PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS

 There are 701 physical development projects dotted across the universities in the country. 163 (23.3%) are abandoned projects 538 (76.7%) are on-going projects These projects, when completed, would help greatly in reducing the pressure on existing facilities. Some of the abandoned projects are over 15 years old. UNN and UDUS have the highest number of abandoned projects (22 and 16 respectively). These abandoned projects are funded through Capital appropriation (Federal and State), NDDC and IGR. It is noteworthy that while over 60% of the ongoing projects are being funded by TETFund, there is no abandoned TETFund project.

 All NDDC projects across the universities in the Niger Delta States are abandoned. About 84.6% of them are students hostels viz:
% Completion
20% 35% 25% 20% 20%

S/No
1 2 3 4 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Name of Facility
Students Hostel Students Hostel 500-Room Students Hostel Medical College Complex Students Hostel 300-Room Hostel Students Hostel Students Hostel Laboratory 500-Bed NDDC Hostel A 500-Bed NDDC Hostel B Students Hostel 500-bed students hostel

University
Fed. University of Technology, Akure Fed. Univ. of Pet. Resources , Effurun Fed. Univ. of Technology, Owerri University of Benin University of Port Harcourt Abia State University Ambrose Alli University Imo State University Imo State University Niger Delta University Niger Delta University University of Benin Adekunle Ajasin Univ., Akungba

10% 10%

 Some States rely entirely on Federal intervention through TETFund for capital projects. There are 20 projects at IBBU, Lapai, as follows:
ON-GOING PROJECTS
Construction of ICT Centre

Source of Funding
TETFund TETFund

% Completion
10%

Abandoned Project
Senate Building 2 No. Sci. Deptl Building 2No. Soc. Sci. Deptl Building

Source of Funding
NSG NSG NSG

% Completion
30% 50% 50% 50% 50% 35% 10% 30% 20% 10%

Furnishing of ICT Centre

25%
25% Done 25% 40% 25% 60% 60% 60%

Procurement ICT Equipment TETFund Procurement of Generator Procurement of Auditorium Furniture Procurement of Textbooks Equipping & Furnishing Lib. ICT equipment for Library Central Laboratory Twin Theatre complex TETFund TETFund TETFund TETFund TETFund TETFund TETFund

Science Lecture NSG theatre Social Sci. Lecture NSG theatre Water works NSG Sporting Facilities Road networks Street Lights Students Centre NSG NSG NSG NSG

There are 8 on-going projects at the Nasarawa State University, Keffi. None of them is funded by the State Government viz:
On-going Projects Funding Source % Completion

Lecture Theatre (Fac. of Admin) Construction of Fac. of Arts Construction of Fac. Soc. Sci. Construction of Fac. of Law Lib. Lecture Theatre (Fac. of Law) Academic Office Complex I

TETFund TETFund TETFund TETFund TETFund TETFund

40% 31% 35% 15% 10% 37%

Academic Office Complex II

Postgraduate School

TETFund
CBN

12%
10%

There are 9 out of 15 abandoned projects by the proprietor at CRUTECH and equal number of on-going projects with TETFund viz:
S/No Abandoned Projects 1 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. Guest House, Calabar Campus New Cafe Building, Calabar Campus NDDC Hostel Building Hostel Block, Obubra Campus Staff Quarters, Obubra Campus Sports Pavilion, Obubra Campus Male Hostel, Obubra Female Hostel 1, Obubra Female Hostel 2, Obubra Cafeteria Forestry Farm Water Project Staff Offices Funding % CRS CRS NDDC CRS CRS CRS IBCA IBCA IBCA IBCA IBCA CRS CRS 20% 35% 25% 10% 3. 10% 10% 30% 25% 20% 10% 35% 8. 9. 10. 5. 6. 7. 4. Drawing Studio(400) CRS 90% 80% Renovation of Engineering CRS Faculty Laboratory/Office Postgraduate School Building Faculty of Education Block TETFund TETFund 2.

S/No Ongoing Projects

1 Advanced Workshop

Funding

%
50%

Manufacturing CRS

Foundry Workshop building

CRS

45%

30% 45% 50%

Faculty of Management Science TETFund Block 2No Animal House Animal Farm House Classroom/Lecture Hall TETFund CRS TETFund

30% 40% 50%

14.
15.

Pavilion
Residential Quarters

CRS
CRS

Abandoned NDDC Medical College: University of Benin

One of the 22 Abandoned Projects at UNN

Abandoned Library Complex: NDU

TEACHING STAFF

In the course of our assignment, the Committee found that majority of the universities in the country are:
grossly under-staffed rely heavily on part-time and visiting lecturers have under-qualified Academics bottom-heavy (with junior lecturers forming large chunk of the workforce) only a few of them attract expatriate lecturers have no effective staff development programme outside TETFund intervention and, potentially, the Presidential First Class Scholarship programme. closed (homogeneous staff in terms of ethno-cultural background)

 Based on the available data, there are 37,504 Academics in Nigerian Public Universities. 83% of the lecturers are male while 17% are female.

 23,030 (61.0%) of the lecturers are employed in Federal universities while 14,474 (39.0%) teach in State Universities. The teaching staff-students ratio is very high in many universities: National Open University of Nigeria 1:363 University of Abuja 1:122 Lagos State University 1:114 (Compare the above with Harvard 1:4; MIT 1:9; Yale 1:4, Cambridge 1:3; NUS 1:12; KFUPM 1:9; Technion 1:15).

 Teaching Staff distribution in the country, both by qualification and by rank, indicates that Nigerias university system is in crisis of manpower. Instead of having 100% of the Academics having PhDs, only about 43% do so. The remaining 57% have no PhDs. Instead of having 75% of the Academics between Senior Lecturers and Professors, only about 44% are within the bracket while the remaining 56% are not. Only 7 Universities have up to 60% of their teaching staff with PhD qualifications (i.e. IMSU, Unical, Ondo State Univ. of Science & Tech Okitipupa, NOUN, Uniport, Unilorin and Uniuyo). While majority of the universities in the country are grossly understaffed, a few cases present a pathetic picture.

 There are universities in which the total number of Professors is not more than Five (5)! And total number of PhDs in the whole university is not up to Thirty (30)! Examples are:
the Kano University of Science and Technology, Wudil, established in 2001 (11 years old) with only 1 Professor and 25 PhD holders. Kebbi State University of Science and Technology, Aliero, established in 2006 has only 2 Professors and 5 PhDs. Ondo State University of Science & Technology Okitipupa, established in 2008, has a total of 29 lecturers. There is an increasing culture of visiting lecturership in the university system. Out of a total of 37,504 lecturers, only 28,128 (75%) are engaged on full-time basis. This means that 9,376 (25%) are recycled as Visiting, Adjunct, Sabbatical and Contract lecturers.

 In the Gombe State University, only 4 out of 47 Profs are full-time and all 25 Readers are visiting. In the Plateau State University, Bokkos, 74% of the lecturers are visiting. In the Kaduna State University, only 24 out of 174 PhD holders are full-time staff. The phenomenon seems unregulated or the regulation is defied. A tenure staff in one university can visit many universities, irrespective of distance, without any control. Some Academics are always on the road travelling from one university town to another and unable to meet their primary obligations with their tenure-employer. It is making some proprietors of State Universities to believe that they can run Universities without any programme for academic staff development and for recruiting full-time lecturers.

INTELLECTUAL ACHIEVEMENT

 Over the past three years, the Universities have witnessed increase in publications:
7935 articles are published by the Universities per annum There is also an average of 2504 citations per annum 3304 articles are in local journals published in-house 3288 are published other local journals 1343 are published in foreign journals

Teaching Staff in Nigerian universities published heavily in local journals (over 80%) majority of which have no visibility in the international knowledge community. This has a detrimental effect on the reputation of Nigerias academics. The TETFund initiative of supporting the Journals of Nigerian professional association would help. 102 journals have been supported in 2 Phases to improve their content including indexing and web. visibility. No Nigerian academic is in the league of Nobel Laureates or a nominee of Nobel Prize. There are only 2 registered patents owned by Nigerian Academics in the last 3 years.

NON-TEACHING STAFF

 Non-teaching staff in the university system are intended to provide administrative and technical support for the maintenance of infrastructural facilities (including laboratories and workshops etc.), the provision of payroll/personnel services, library support services are some of their key responsibilities that make the university system complete, effective and efficient. In Nigerian universities, however, the disposition of NonTeaching staff appears to redefine the objectives of the University: there are numerically more support staff in the services of the universities than the teaching staff they are meant to support a scenario in which the tail is wagging the dog More expenditure is incurred in administration and routine functions than in core academic matters

 There are 77,511 full-time non-teaching staff in Nigerias public universities. This is twice the total number of full-time teaching staff. In most of the Universities, there are more nonteaching staff than teaching staff. In fact, the number of non-teaching staff in some Universities doubles, triples or quadruples that of teaching staff. In some universities, the number of senior administrative staff alone is more than the number of teaching staff (e.g. Uniben, OAU Ile-Ife). In the University of Benin, there are more senior staff in the Registrar cadre (Dep. Registrars, PARs, SARs) than Professors.

 Almost all the universities are over-staffed with nonteaching staff. The implication of this is over-blown personnel cost and misuse of available resources in the university system. In a number of universities, in spite of the general glut of non-teaching staff, those that reached retirement age are still retained in the university service on contract while new recruitment still continues. This is partly responsible for the ballooning of the non-teaching staff. Over 70% of non-teaching staff do not have a first degrees showing low professionalism or unqualified personnel in specific roles within the universities.

STUDENTS ENROLLMENT

The Committee found that: There are 1,252,913 students in Nigerian Public Universities. 85% of the students are undergraduates 5% Sub-degree 3% Postgraduate diploma 5% Masters students 2% PhD students

PG Masters, Sub-Degree, 5% 5% PG Diploma, 3% PhD, 2%

Undergraduat es, 85%

960,132 students (76.6%) are enrolled in 25 universities (16 Federal, 9 States). Overall, 798,661 students (63.7%) are enrolled in Federal Universities. 34 State Universities have 454,252 students (36.3%).

 About 43% of the students are female while 57% are male. 8 Universities (LASU, University of Abuja, NOUN, Uniben, Uniport, ABU, MAU, Ekiti State University and Unimaid) account for about 33% of total students enrolment in Nigeria.
Female 43 Male 57

In contrast, 7 Universities put together have total student enrollment of less than 1% of the overall national figure i.e. 6,868 (0.5%). The universities with the least student enrollment are: Ondo State University of Science & Technolgy (212 students) Plateau State University, Bokkos(328 students) Bauchi State University (445 students) Federal University of Petroleum Resources, Effurun (682 students) Akwa Ibom State University (837 students) Yobe State University, Damaturu (2113 students) Kebbi State University of Science & Technology, Aliero (2251 students)

 Among the undergraduate students: 33.1% are studying courses in Arts and Social Sciences 33% are studying Management Sciences and Education courses 16% studying Science and Education-Science courses 6.3% are studying Engineering courses 5% studying Medicine 3.9% Studying Agriculture 1.4% studying Pharmacy 1.3% studying Law

Indeed the current enrollment is a reversal of the National Policy as the current Science to Non-science ratio of 32:68 instead of 60:40 There is no relationship between enrollment and the tangible manpower needs of the nation.

There are 1,252,913 students in 61 public universities in Nigeria. In 2012, some 1,503,931 candidates sat for the UTME examinations, more than the total current enrollment in public universities. The crisis of access remains while quality is also a major challenge.

The Committee found out that compared to developing countries with high and medium populations, the carrying capacity of our Universities is very low in relation to the Open University system, the hybrid (Open and in situ) system and conventional universities as follows:

The Open University system

S/No. University Enrollment

1.
2. 3.

NOUN
Indira Gandhi NOU (India) Allama Iqbal OU (Pakistan)

57,759
3,500,000 1,121,038

4.

Bangladesh Open University, Gazipur

600,000

The Hybrid system

S/No. University Enrollment

1.

LASU

90,885

2.
3. 4.

University of Abuja
Anadolu University, Eskisehir, Turkey Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran

62,528
1,141,180 818,150

Conventional System
S/No. University Enrollment

1.
2. 3.

ABU Zaria
University of Ibadan University of Nigeria, Nsukka

49,436
33,481 23,815

4.
5. 6. 7.

University of Buenos Aires, Argentina

National Autonomous University of Mexico University of South Africa, Pretoria Cairo University, Giza, Egypt

316,050
314,557 250,000 200,000

Nigeria needs to understudy these countries in expanding access to university education based on the three modes of enrollment.

HOSTEL ACCOMMODATION

 The provision of decent hostel accommodation to at least 50% of the student population in any residential university is proving to be an uphill task for Nigerian universities. University managers have, over the years, been unable to diversify their means of providing hostel accommodation and associated facilities to students. The management styles of students accommodation is generally ineffective and has left majority of the hostel facilities in state of disrepair. There has been, over the last two decades, an upsurge of students population in almost all Nigerian universities but there was no commensurate improvement of accommodation and other student services.

 Consequently, there is a lot of pressure on the available accommodation facilities. As a result, there is: rapid deterioration of hostel facilities overcrowding and undue congestion in rooms overstretched lavatory and laundry facilities poor sanitation, etc.

These conditions, coupled with the general condition of the universities, produce graduates that lack confidence and sometimes even selfworth.

The Committee found that:

There are about 109,509 (representing 10.3% of total student population) on-campus hostels bed spaces across all public universities in Nigeria. Except NDA Kaduna, no university in Nigeria is able to accommodate more than 35% of its students.

Less than 1% of the hostels are provided via PPP

All Federal Universities charge Ninety Naira only (N90.00) per bed space per session plus hostel maintenance fee that varies between Five thousand Naira only (N5,000.00) to Twenty thousand Naira (N20,000.00).
The hostels attract an average fee of N6,000 for maintenance, while each bed space costs at least N90 per session. There are however many universities that charge higher than this.

The lavatories in most of the hostels of Nigerian universities are both inadequate and unfit for human use. This is not surprising given the average ratio of toilet to users of 1:20. The unhealthy condition of lavatories is forcing some students to use the bush and/or the surrounding compounds of the hostels as open toilets. This poses serious health hazard. In some universities (e.g. MOUAU), female students take their bath in the open because the bathrooms are in very poor condition. The hostels are infested with rodents. Laundries and common rooms in many universities have been converted into rooms where students live. In these improvised rooms, there is no limit to the number of occupants.

 In a few universities (e.g. KASU Kaduna), there are private hostels on campus jointly owned by universities and private developers or fully owned by the private developers. They charge between N25,000.00 N100,000.00 per session.

In a few other universities (e.g. University of Ibadan), the management of university-owned hostels has been outsourced. In such cases, the cost of bed space is a bit more expensive. But the halls are more decent, less congested and properly maintained.
A few universities are fully non-residential: LAUTECH, Osun State University Osogbo, OOU Ago-Iwoye and IMSU or partially residential in favour of medical and some female students like AAU Akungba).

There are some 12 abandoned NDDC hostel projects.

 More than 70% of the universities-owned hostels require minor rehabilitation or major reconstruction. Most State universities charge commercial rates for hostel accommodation. This however forced some students to live in students villages scattered around university campuses. In TSU Jalingo and KWASU Malete, there are unoccupied rooms because students cannot afford the rates. In most universities, there is sufficient land to develop more hostels but the universities cannot utilize capital votes for provision of hostel accommodations. There is need to review this policy. Considering the general condition of university-owned hostels where university students live, it is easy to see why the selfesteem of Nigerian students is eroding and their self-confidence shrivelling very fast. In off-campus hostels, students are susceptible to extraneous influences and violence (cultism, prostitution, rape, gang violence, armed robbery and brigandage).

FEMALE HOSTEL AT DELSU, ABRAKA

DANFODIO HOSTEL, ABU ZARIA

STUDENTS HOSTEL AT EBSU, ABAKALIKI

Cooking in Congested Bedroom, University of Benin

Male Hostel: KSUST Aliero

Inside Students Room: KUST, Wudil

Inside the Female Hostel, MOUA Umudike

Inside the Female Hostel, AAU Akungba, Akoko, Ondo State

Female Dormitory: 12 per room

Laundry turned into Hostel Room: Univ. of Maiduguri

Male Hostel, Malabo Republic, University of Calabar

Toilet, Female Hostel, Malabo Republic, University of Calabar

Postgraduate Hostel Facility, UDUS Sokoto

Toilet, IMSU Owerri

Toilet, KASU Kaduna

Students Toilet, University of Jos

KWASU

UNAAB

Private Hostel at KASU, Kaduna

Univ.-managed Hostel at KASU, Kaduna

MUNICIPAL INFRASTRUCTURE & SERVICES

 Municipal/infrastructural facilities in the university are necessary ingredients/services that make the university a complete community. Providing them in every university campus is necessary not only as facilitators of teaching and learning but also for the campuses to be habitable and decent places for living. These facilities include: Power Supply Street Lighting and Illumination Sporting Facilities (Sport complexes, courts & pitches etc.) Road Network Students Centre Water Supply Campus Market (Shopping malls, General Landscaping Souvenir stores, bookstores, Banks, Printing press, pharmacy, Health and Sanitation travel agents, and Eateries etc.) Staff Club Security Gymnasia None of the universities provide any information about their campus markets. Only 4 universities provide information about their health services while only universities with physiotherapy or physical and health education departments provide information about their gymnasia. Few universities provide data on staff clubs and sporting facilities while majority of the universities have given detailed information about water supply, power supply, road network, and street lighting.

The summary of the Committee findings are as follows:

It is generally observed that very poor maintenance culture is costing Nigerian Universities a lot of resources. Municipal services that require cheap and routine maintenance schedules are generally ignored until they completely fail or collapse. Artisans and technicians in most universities are side-lined in favour of contractors who are not familiar with university installations and infrastructures. Basic municipal facilities like water, electricity, transportation, market etc. are either lacking or highly inadequate. Most of the universities rely on water tankers and boreholes. There is no university that has a functional integrated water supply and distribution network. There is no organised market on most of the university campuses resulting in inappropriate use of learning spaces for trade. Healthcare facilities at the Universities are grossly inadequate. The land areas of most universities are unsecured and are therefore encroached upon by neighbouring communities.

Queuing for Water in Hostel, FUT Owerri

Acute Water Problem, Female Hostel, Kogi State University, Anyigba

KSU

Collapsed shallow well in hostel where students lost their lives: AAU, Ekpoma

RIP: Miss Angelinta Okha (400L Bus. Admin) and Miss Abigail Iyaughe (100L Econ.)

Medical Centre, University of Jos

Medical Centre, IMSU Owerri

Medical Centre, KASU

Access Road to UNAAB

Typical Road, BUK

Campus Road, UI

Access Road into the main campus, ATBU

Campus Road, UNN

Campus Road, NSU

UniUyo

Erosion, University of Benin

Swamp Threat behind the Faculty of Engineering, NDU Wilberforce Island

Erosion, Delta State University, Abraka

FUNDING

 The major funding sources for the universities in descending order are: Recurrent allocation (which contributes 68%) Internally Generated Revenue (16%) Capital Allocation (7%) TETFund (4%) Research Grants (3%) Service Charges (2%) Donations/Aid/Endowment (less than 1%).

RECOMMENDATIONS

Arising from these findings, one can surmise that the problems of Nigerian Universities are:
Students sitting on bare floor or peeping through windows to attend lectures Over 1000 students being packed in lecture halls meant for less than 150 students Over 400 students being packed in laboratory meant for 75 students Students cannot get accommodation, where they get they are packed like sardines in tiny rooms No light and no water in hostels, classrooms and laboratories Students use the bushy areas of their campus for toilet because lavatory facilities are too hazardous to use Academic culture is dying very fast Library facilities and services are archaic and comatose Many laboratory equipment are only known to students in theory (never seen many of them not to talk of using them) Broken furniture everywhere Unkempt buildings and dilapidating facilities Over-worked, untrained, and inadequate teachers, etc The list continues, BUT.

These problems are actually SYMPTOMS of the real PROBLEMS. The real problems of the universities are:
The quality of Leadership and Governance in the Universities Prioritization of Resource Allocation Limited Resources (Some proprietors have abdicated responsibility for funding of capital projects to TETFund)
In universities where councils/managers:
Spend millions to erect super-gates when their Libraries are still at foundation level; Expend millions to purchase exotic vehicles for university officers even though they lack basic classroom furnishings; Spend hundreds of millions in wall-fencing and in-fencing when students accommodation is inadequate and in tatters; Are more interested in spending money on creation of new programmes instead of consolidating and expanding access to existing ones; Are more keen to award new contracts rather than completing the abandoned projects or standardizing existing facilities; Expend hundreds of millions paying visiting and part-time lecturers rather than recruiting full-time staff and/or training existing ones;

the

 Are spending hundreds of millions in mundane administration cost instead of providing boreholes and power supplements and hostels and academic area; Are more interested in hiring more support staff (even when there is clear overstaffing) instead of recruiting/training more Academics; Rely solely on government envelops instead of being creative and diversifying their sources of income; Are hiring personal staff, including Personal Assistants, Special Advisers, Bodyguards, Personal Consultants, etc. instead of utilising establishment positions in the universities; Are always in tug-o-war with Governing Councils over role-encroachment and contract tendering; Deliberately misinform and/or deceive regulatory agencies so as to get accreditation of their programmes; Consciously hire mercenary staff and/or borrow equipment for the purpose of accreditation Are always at daggers drawn with staff unions over basic welfare issues;

These universities cannot possibly be in a different situation than they presently are.
To address the Needs of Nigeria Universities, there is urgent need to, prima facie, address the issue of provision of quality leadership and governance in public universities. Thus.

The Committee makes 189 recommendations in order to reposition the public University system in Nigeria. These are summarised and appended to this presentation.
These recommendations are grouped into 3 areas: Council and Management Proprietors Regulatory agency (i.e. NUC) However, 2 out of these recommendations are highlighted as follows:

1. Management of the Universities

Nothing can work in our universities without proactive management. Two issues are pertinent. The first is the composition and character of the GOVERNING COUNCILS, especially the external members, among them the Pro-Chancellor, appointed by Government. They need to be carefully chosen and saddled with clear tasks that they must accomplish ab initio. The integrity of Councils is central to the rejuvenation of our Universities.

In Federal Universities, Councils appoint Vice Chancellors and initiate the process of their removal. They must set clear targets for the Universities related to their core mandate and hold the VCs and management to account for the attainment or otherwise of these targets. Specific recommendations are contained in the main report.
The second critical issue in the management of our Universities is the VCs and PRINCIPAL OFFICERS. The major issue here is attitude.

University managers need to be creative in diversifying sources of revenue to the institutions:

establishing viable commercial ventures marketing their consultancy services commercialization of accommodation charging competitive fees for postgraduate studies converting innovations into commercial products pursuing endowments and bequeaths etc.
Many Councils, VCs and Principal Officers take their appointments as merely perfunctory. Priorities are inverted: back-end becomes front-end and vice versa as graphically illustrated by the following slides.

Department of Biological Sciences

Central Admin Complex

Interior of Vice Chancellors Office

Botany Laboratory

2.

Teaching Staff

With only 28,128 full-time and pensionable academic staff (out of a total 37,504) in 61 public universities in Nigeria, there is a chronic shortage of teaching staff. The Cairo University in Giza, Egypt, alone has 12,158 academic staff. With only 2% of students in Nigerian universities registered for PhD, the system is unable to regenerate itself. 57% of lecturers in Nigerian Universities have no PhD. There are two issues: number and quality of lecturers.

The Committee notes the efforts by TETFund which has so far sponsored 5,867 lecturers of tertiary institutions for PG studies within and outside Nigeria. The Committee also notes the efforts by PTDF and NITDA in awarding scholarships for higher degrees to qualified Nigerians. Similarly, the Committee notes the potential impact of the Presidential First Class Scholarship programme on the number and quality of lecturers. The Committee recommends that: All proprietors of Universities to be given a moratorium of 5 7 years in which 90% of their lecturers should have PhDs. Visiting lectureship should be regulated. Every tenuretrack academic seeking to work as a visiting lecturer to another university must obtain approval from his/her employer through the Senate. Details in the main Report.

 As part of the criteria for licencing new universities or accreditation of programmes by NUC, there must be clear evidence of a robust and continuous investment in academic staff training and development (within and outside Nigeria) by all proprietors. There should be greater synergy among the Federal funding agencies in PG sponsorship. PTDF and NITDA should target university lecturers for sponsorship within their respective mandates to complement TETFund intervention.

 6 Federal Universities (the oldest University in each geo-political zone) should be designated as essentially Postgraduate training institutions. These Universities have the requisite number of senior academic staff who are currently largely engaged in undergraduate teaching. From 2012, 50% of their enrollment should be PG students to rise to 70% by 2016. Already, the University of Ibadan is inching towards this ratio.

 The proposed universities and their number of senior academics are as follows:
S/No. University 1. 2. 3. Prof. Readers Senior Total Lecturers University of Ibadan 272 82 299 653 University of Nigeria, 304 39 405 748 Nsukka Ahmadu Bello University, 236 158 342 736 Zaria University of Benin 239 118 289 646 University of Maiduguri 140 80 149 369 University of Ilorin 156 51 Total 1347 528 243 2727 450 3602

4. 5.
6.

Other Recommendations
Detailed recommendations are attached to this summary covering:

Non-teaching staff Increased access (i.e. students enrollment) Physical Infrastructure for Teaching & Learning Provision of Learning Resources On-Campus Accommodation Improved Funding to complement budgetary allocation Municipal Infrastructure Staff and Students Unions

SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDATIONS

LEADERSHIP AND GOVERNANCE

RECOMMENDATIONS
High quality governance will only come about if Governing Councils/Senates and Vice-Chancellors perform their roles with skill and efficiency. The distinction between governance and management clearly established. The leadership and reporting responsibilities of the Vice Chancellor be well-defined. Committee system arrangements and delegated authorities regularly reviewed and amended. It is therefore recommended that Governing Council: a. Establishes a clear vision and goals for the university. b. Ensures that university planning and implementation is consonant with those goals. c. Distinguishes between its governance role and the responsibilities of management. d. Maintains appropriate conventions and relationships with Senate and Management. e. Establishes the leadership, management and accountability responsibilities of the Vice Chancellor. f. Unequivocally supports management staff as they implement Council policies and decisions. g. Regularly reviews the responsibilities and efficiency of functioning of the committee system. h. Annually reviews and amends formal financial, personnel and other delegations of responsibilities. i. Reviews and reports publicly on its own performance, efficiency and effectiveness. Ensure that universities are, at no time, allowed to remain without a Governing Council in place and that Council members are appointed base on merit (chosen based on their track records of credibility, integrity, reach, competence, patriotism, and commitment to education and development) and they are allowed to live their tenure as provided by the law.

ACTION TO BE TAKEN
University statutes to be reviewed Streamline the functions of Council Committees to be in tune with needs/challenges of universities

Provisions of statutes in respect of tenure of Governing Councils be respected. Objective criterion be put in place for appointment of Council members

RECOMMENDATIONS
Statutes of universities be amended to outline the duties and responsibilities of governing councils and their members. Government shall set both upper and lower bounds on number of meetings of governing councils and their committees per annum to make them both effective and less expensive. As much as possible, Council shall ensure that all appointments in the university are need-based and done in accordance with the provision of the relevant laws and without resort to any regiono-tribal sentiments. Councils shall pursue the attainment of the NUC benchmark on Academic/Support Staff ratio in order to refocus university spending on actual university business. Unless on exceptional circumstances, to be defined by the Senate itself, administrative approval on behalf of Senate be stopped. All businesses of Senate shall be handled by Senate. The statutes of universities need to be reviewed to modify the composition of Senate if it is to be efficient and effective. It is proposed that the composition be modified to include: the Vice Chancellor as Chairman, the Deputy Vice Chancellors, all Deans of Faculties, all Academic Directors, all Heads of Departments whose departments awards degrees (departments in faculties like Law, Medicine, Pharmacy etc that contribute to one degree shall be represented by the Dean of the Faculty), three Professors to be elected by the Faculty Board of each Faculty (no two of which shall belong to the same department), and the Registrar as Secretary. No staff without terminal degree shall be a member of Senate of any university.

ACTION TO BE TAKEN
Draft review to be prepared and sent to NASS Policy statement

Commence recruitment of more academic staff to make up for the short-fall

Draft review to be prepared and sent to NASS

Review university calendars, condition of service and statute

The statutes of universities shall be reviewed to make the meeting of Congregation mandatory at least once every session.

Draft review to be prepared and sent to NASS

RECOMMENDATIONS
The statutes of universities shall be reviewed to make the Annual Convocation Ceremony equivalent to Convocation meeting. It is recommended that the Vice chancellors: a. Shall have well-defined responsibilities b. Shall offer a leadership system providing direction, commitment, consistency of purpose, integrity and performance assessment c. Be Selfless: takes decision at all time in the best interest of the university. Not to do so in order to gain financial or other material benefits for themselves, their family, or their friends. d. Be a person of integrity: not to place themselves under any financial or other obligation to outside individuals or organisations that might influence them in the performance of their official duties. e. Be Objective: in carrying out university business, including making appointments, awarding contracts, or recommending individuals for rewards and benefits, VCs should be guided by merit. f. Be Accountable: VCs are accountable for their decisions and actions to Council. g. Be Open: be as open as possible about the decisions and actions they take with reasons and justifications. h. Be Honest: VCs have a duty to declare any private interests relating to their public duties and to take step to resolve any conflicts arising in a way that protects the university interest. All non-establishment positions created by some vice chancellors (like PAs, SAs, FCs, BGs, etc) be banned in the university system. Governing Councils in conjunction with Senate shall define the responsibilities of the DVCs and minimum qualification required for the appointment of Vice Chancellors be extended to the appointment of DVCs.

ACTION TO BE TAKEN
Draft review to be prepared and sent to NASS Council to articulate and enumerate the responsibilities of the VC

Policy statement. Council ensures compliance Proposal shall emanate from Senate to the Council via the Vice chancellor

RECOMMENDATIONS
Management Information System Units of all university shall be tasked to automate the personnel and students records and all such other records that may be required from time to time for the purpose of planning. All staff in the university shall be made to attend staff induction training at least every five years. Abandoned projects shall be completed (or continued with) before new ones are started by incoming Vice Chancellors

ACTION TO BE TAKEN
Develop information engines for staff and students record Training modules be developed and deployed Be made standing Council decision

For University Management, efficiency depends upon the degree to which management arrangements are linked to universitys aspirations and how systemic and transparent the decision pathways are, and how well they work. It is recommended that: a. Comprehensive financial, personnel and other delegations and policies be reviewed by university management annually. b. Roles of committees and individual managers be distinguished and duplications and gaps in responsibilities be avoided. c. Effective system of public notification and together with effective advice of duties and support for staff members taking up new responsibilities (including membership of committees) be put in place. d. Staff roles and responsibilities be documented. Explicit individual staff and students codes of obligations and rights be developed and advertised. e. Regular individual target setting and performance reviews linked to promotions and rewards. f. Charters and service standards for all service units be developed and publicised. g. As much as possible, university managers shall continue to reach-out to staff union with a view to sustaining and/or establishing cordial working relation with them for the sake of the institutions. h. Unions shall, at all times, be implored to explore dialogue and diplomatic avenues in pressing for their demands. While councils and managements of universities shall, at all times, provide the avenues and create the conditions that would make dialogue with unions possible and successful.

Operational manual for committees and heads of units be developed and periodically updated
University managers and union leaders be reaching out to either party.

RECOMMENDATIONS
All structures meant to facilitate the provision of academic leadership like the Committee of Deans and Directors, Academic Staff Development Committee, Academic Development Committee, University Research Board, Interdisciplinary Research Centres, Quality Assurance Unit (Teaching and Research), shall be put in place and be made to function effectively and unhindered. As much as possible, inbreeding shall be discouraged in the university system and deliberate mentoring policy be introduced in all universities. Governing Councils shall balance between democratization of positions of academic responsibilities and the constraints of providing academic leadership. Council shall note that the higher the proportion of the total annual budget of the university that can be spent on the core functions of teaching and research the better the university is pursuing its mission. Council therefore a. Shall continually monitor and review the teaching/research expenditure ratio, demonstrating the steps that have been taken to maximise resources allocated to teaching and research. b. Ensure that for administrative costs (central) the ratio should be at the lower end of the scale, in the range of 9 to 10 per cent of the operating fund of the university. c. Ensure that the overall administrative costs, that is, the proportion of the overall university budget taken up by administrative costs, including the cost of any outsourced functions (e.g. Cleaning & security), that is central administration plus the administrative costs within units with devolved responsibilities, should not exceed 18 20 per cent.

ACTION TO BE TAKEN
These structures shall be manned with the right calibre of personnel to get results

Staff &students exchanges. Scholarship & Studentship

Minimize administrative and overhead costs of running the universities. Prioritize academic and research activities over non-teaching expenditure

Penalties be introduced for managers that failed to access and properly utilise their universities allocation of TETFund subventions for research, staff development (scholarships), conference attendance, publications, etc.

RECOMMENDATIONS
Government needs to empower and re-strengthen the National Universities Commission to enforce all accreditation criteria and ensure objectivity and patriotism in the conduct of the exercise. In this regards, credible scholars and university managers with track records of discipline, quality scholarship, respect of law and laid down procedures, seasoned professionals from the relevant professional bodies, and committed to building a strong university system for the country shall be involved in the exercise. Universities that lied, forged their records, hire equipment or hire mercenary staff just for accreditation purposes shall be closed down for a minimum of five years. A technical committee be set up by Government to critically examine these recommendations with a view to drawing policies for higher education provision in the country

ACTION TO BE TAKEN
Policy statement. Review of accreditation processes

Quality statesmen/women to be selected

Staff evaluation by students shall be introduced in all universities as means of obtaining feedbacks.
All relevant anti-plagiarism software shall be procured and deployed by all universities with a view to improving quality of teaching, research and publications.

Students feedback template to be proposed

Off-the-shelf anti-plagiarism packages be introduced in all universities

PHYSICAL FACILITIES FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING

RECOMMENDATIONS
Government shall consider the provision of quality infrastructure for teaching and learning in all universities as a national emergency.

ACTION TO BE TAKEN
Policy prioritization in respect of implementation of Needs Assessment recommendation Funds made available. Supervision to ensure compliance with project timeline Technical Committee of experts be set to determine the cost Imbue the provisions of international best practices and comply with standards.

All ongoing physical facilities development in the Univ. System shall be completed within the stipulated time and be put to use. All abandoned projects in the university shall be completed as a matter of priority. University facilities shall be conceived and built as role-models in quality, utility and aesthetics so as to reflect these values on university students in their training and also to build their confidence based on the nature of the environment they are being trained Refectories, sporting arenas, convocation squares etc that are converted into lecture halls shall be reverted back to their original intended purpose. A university student that is supposed to be trained in decent lecture rooms and laboratories should not be put in a kitchen or an open-air sport arena or be peeping through the window in the name of lectures. These demoralise and humiliate the student. The result is a university graduate without self-worth. Large lecture theatres shall be discouraged. Universities should be encouraged/directed to adopt the interactive pedagogy which requires students to be taught in small groups. Consequently, 150-300 seat capacity theatre shall be promoted and classrooms of 50-150 seats capacity shall be encouraged

Teaching be restricted to facilities meant for that purpose. More facilities for teaching and learning be provided. Regulatory agencies to ensure compliance. All new lecture facilities development to be made compliant with interactive pedagogy

RECOMMENDATIONS
Government shall allocate appropriate resources to fund the construction of lecture theatres, lecture rooms, laboratories, workshops, etc as recommended in the individual university reports.

ACTION TO BE TAKEN
Technical Committee of experts to be set up by Government to determine the cost of providing the facilities as recommended in the individual universities report

There is an urgent need to establish 6 National laboratories fully equipped with state-of-the-art facilities for cutting-edge scientific research in the country Universities shall step up efforts to attract endowments and bequeaths that would support the provision of physical facilities for teaching and learning Relevant university committees to be set up. Universities to reach-out to private sector, donor agencies and philanthropist.

All physical facilities that need renovation and/or repair shall be given all necessary attention so as to make effective use of them.

Technical Committee of experts to be set up by Government to determine the cost of renovating/repairing the facilities as recommended in the individual universities report

LEARNING RESOURCES: General Learning Resources

RECOMMENDATIONS
Government and all stakeholders in the university system shall, as a matter of urgency consider the provision of general learning resources as an emergency as well as important priority. Libraries in all university shall be automated and subscribed to all major knowledge gateways. Physical collections of books/periodicals need to be updated periodically (every semester) to ensure the currency of the literature being used to train the students. Computing facilities and services shall be made available to students and staff in all universities. Internet services shall, as a matter of utmost importance, be made accessible to all staff and students in all universities. Funding agencies shall assist in the provision of learning centres equipped with workstations to support students learning experiences. To promote interactive pedagogy, white boards, video projectors, Public Address System and interactive boards shall be deployed in lecture venues of all Nigerian universities. Most classes and laboratories are either shabbily furnished or crammed with broken and dilapidated chairs and stools. Universities shall provide decent ergonomic furnishing in libraries, lecture halls/theatres, classrooms and laboratories. Electro-mechanical ventilators, fans and air-conditioning systems shall be put in all learning facilities and be properly maintained. An international conference centre shall be provided in all universities and be equipped with state-of-the-art conference facilities including video conferencing, multi-lingual PAS, internet service etc

ACTION TO BE TAKEN
Policy prioritization in respect of implementation of Needs Assessment recommendation Governing Council to ensure that Universities deploy their Library Funds more judiciously. Regulatory agencies to make automation a precondition for licence/accreditation Broadband service to be provided to universities. Computer clusters and helpdesks be provided in Faculties/Schools. Bulk procurement of basic learning resources .

Identifying, repairing and/or replacing broken furniture. Furnishing of all subsequent facilities to comply with standards Identification and installation in all affected facilities Technical committee of experts to determine the design and costing.

LEARNING RESOURCES: Laboratory Consumables

RECOMMENDATIONS
Government shall collaborate with the private sector in establishing companies that produce laboratory reagents/consumables to ease the access to, and supply of these consumables to the education sub-sector.

ACTION TO BE TAKEN
Feasibility study to be conducted. Relevant contacts to be made. Lab consumables factories be rolled on

In the intervening period, universities shall be allowed to be making direct purchase of consumables from manufacturers instead of going through contractor/vendors that compromise the quality and standards of such supplies. Reagents/Consumables needed by individual universities, as listed in their reports, shall be procured. Regulatory agencies shall sanction any university that runs dry lab in the training of its science-based students.

Adjustment of Public Procurement Act to permit direct purchase of lab consumables

Bulk procurement of reagents and other consumables Snap supervision visits in-between accreditation exercises be conducted

Universities shall be made to develop detail guidelines on inventory taking, laboratory consumables usage, hazard control in laboratories, and code of ethics in experimentation.

Relevant committees be tasked to develop guidelines

LEARNING RESOURCES: Special Equipment

RECOMMENDATIONS
All equipment that are identified to be serviceable shall be serviced immediately Equipment/machines needed by the universities but not available shall be procured. No purchase of equipment shall be made without accompanying the training component for the usage and management of the machine/equipment As much as permitted by the law, universities shall be allowed to be making direct order of equipment/machine from manufacturers. Manufacturers of training equipment/machines shall be invited and encouraged to establish branches in Nigeria Comprehensive guidelines and code of practice for equipment use shall be developed by all universities All universities shall have a central laboratory with customised facilities for special equipment so as to ensure their safety, control their usage, and be routinely maintained.

ACTION TO BE TAKEN
Equipment Maintenance Units to be tasked to evaluate & present for funding Technical Committee to determine the costing Procurement Committees to incorporate this requirement into tendering process Adjustment of Public Procurement Act to permit direct purchase of lab consumables Manufacturers be indentified and contacted. Appropriate environ and incentives be offered Relevant committees be tasked to develop guidelines Technical Committee to determine the costing

Universities shall establish a network for sharing information about available resources/equipment so as to ensure optimal utilization as well as cross-institutional exchange of knowledge and skills.
Some equipment/machine may be used by universities to generate additional income

Appropriate platforms be created such us university expo, students/staff exchange programs, professional online fora, etc.
Set up relevant committees

STAFFING: TEACHING STAFF

RECOMMENDATIONS
Given the inadequacy of teaching staff in the university system, it is recommended that government shall have a deliberate policy of improving the national ratio to 1:20 within the next two years. Using the present figures of student enrolment, this translates to increasing the number of academic staff in Nigerian universities from the current 28,000 to 50,000. To do this, government and other stakeholders need to: Ensure the creation and sustenance of conducive environment of teaching and learning. Ensure the establishment of competitive conditions of service not just to retain the existing academics but also to attract variety of international scholars into Nigerias university system Put in place a massive and sustainable staff development programme to get all university academics acquire the doctorate degrees Ensure that more female academics are recruited into the university service Ensure that the benchmark on staff mix (especially based on rank) is complied with To ensure that all university academics have the minimum qualification to teach in the university, government shall direct the appropriate regulatory agencies to issue a moratorium of Five (5) years within which all teaching staff in the university system should acquire a doctorate degree. During the moratorium, all new employments into academic position must meet the academic requirement (i.e. completed PhD or pursuing one).

ACTION TO BE TAKEN
Recurrent allocation to universities be improved to create the window for more recruitment of academics Conditions of service be made competitive and attractive Provide additional funds for staff development purse linkages and collaborations put in place objective promotion criteria pay serious attention to full-time staff quality, quantity and mix as preconditions for accreditation of programmes

University conditions of service; and appointment & promotions guidelines shall be reviewed to reflect this requirement. Circulars shall be sent to all universities in respect of this

RECOMMENDATIONS
University managers should pursue the endowment of Chairs by private organizations and philanthropists with a view to improving the quality and mix of their staff.

ACTION TO BE TAKEN
Relevant committees to identify and reach out to prospective donors

University with very poor staffing situation and unacceptable staff mix should also be given a moratorium of Six years within which massive recruitment must be made with a view to meeting the minimum number and benchmarked mix of teaching staff. If after Six years the staffing need is not satisfied, such universities should be denied accreditation and be stopped from admitting new students.

Recurrent allocation to universities be improved to create the window for more recruitment of academics Conditions of service be made competitive and attractive Provide additional funds for staff development put in place objective promotion criteria
Avail all universities with the policy document. Set different targets to different universities TETFund be tasked to come up with detail proposal in respect of research funding and the setting up of NRF.

Government should also target the production of academics in key priority areas as defined by the national policy on high-level manpower development. In order to bolster the research profile and improve the standing of Nigerian university academics, there is the need for massive and sustained funding of cutting edge research, especially in priority areas. To do this, a national research fund (resident at TETFund) shall be established. This fund shall have clear, wellpublicised guidelines and timelines for access and utilization. There shall be in place, some appropriate penalty for any defaulting university that failed to access its staff development subvention (and all other interventions) from the TETFund.

TETFund to propose measures based on experiences and patterns of accesses

RECOMMENDATIONS
Visiting lectureship should be regulated. Every tenure-track academic seeking to work as a visiting lecturer to another university must obtain a written approval from his/her employer through the Senate. The visited university should not accept any visiting lecturer without the evidence of permission from his/her University Senate. University shall restrict the number of universities (to a maximum of two within a radius of 200km) that an academic can work as part-time or visiting lecturer simultaneously. Recognising that all teaching staff are responsible for doing their part by upholding the highest standards of competence and character, government shall direct the relevant regulatory agencies to request all universities in the country to codify the Ethics Policy for Academic Staff. This policy shall cover such areas as: teaching & research, mentoring & relating to students, integrity & excellence, relating with colleagues & community, compliance with the law, use of university resources, harassment & discrimination, conflict of interest, intellectual property rights, etc.

ACTION TO BE TAKEN
Senior staff regulations and conditions of service be reviewed appropriately to reflect this provision.

Regulatory agencies to ensure compliance of receiving universities

Relevant committee be set up for the codification of ethics policy. Policy be made available to all academics Be publicised in university publications and websites

STAFFING: NON - TEACHING

RECOMMENDATIONS
For Nigerian universities to be effectively managed, misplacement of priorities and unnecessary personnel cost need to be stopped. The limited budgetary allocation to universities must be deployed frugally for optimal results. Consequently, it is recommended to government to order for an immediate embargo on the recruitment of non-teaching staff in all Nigerian universities. While the embargo lasts, Government shall order for a comprehensive staff audit (general teaching and non-teaching) in all universities. This audit exercise shall among other things Determine whether all the staff on the university payroll are actually on the ground and in active service. Whether all the staff possess the relevant qualifications needed to serve in the capacity they are currently serving. Whether their schedules of duty are explicitly defined and properly streamlined. Whether the university is getting value for the money being expended on the staff. Having the support staff to out-number the main staff is a complete misnomer in the university. This is partly because many universities failed to implement the out-sourcing policy arising from the monetisation circular of government and partly because there is inadequate number of teaching staff in many universities. It is therefore recommended to government to enforce the out-sourcing policy in all universities within a span of two financial years. Defaulting universities should be appropriately reprimanded.

ACTION TO BE TAKEN
Policy statement in respect of hiring of nonteaching staff

Governing Councils to set up high-powered committee to conduct the audit exercise, after NUC most have given the Establishment positions in universities and in line with NNMS

Policy implementation. Proper supervision and sanctioning

RECOMMENDATIONS
Arising from the staff audit report, government should direct all universities to develop a detailed and transparent criteria for staff recruitment that is based on university needs, applicants competence and such other government regulations as defined in the public service rules and regulations. There is a very urgent need to halt the very fast artificial growth of Registry and Bursary departments of Nigerian universities. To this effect, it is recommended to government to direct all university governing councils to constitute a high-powered committee for the reorganization of these departments with a view to making them leaner, more professional and more effective. All the non-establishment positions in the offices of vice chancellors of many universities shall be scrapped forthwith. The positions of special advisers, special assistants, bodyguards, special consultants, etc that are creeping into the university system are no more additional conduit of mismanaging university resources. These positions also have the potential of upsetting the balance of hierarchy and professionalism in the non-teaching cadre of the universities. Vice chancellors shall be directed to desist from making any official employment outside the existing establishment positions in the university

ACTION TO BE TAKEN
Policy statement in respect of hiring of nonteaching staff

Governing Councils to set up high-powered committee to conduct the reorganization exercise

Policy statement directing Governing councils to scrap non-establishment positions. Proper supervision and sanctioning to ensure full compliance

RECOMMENDATIONS
Arising from the staff auditing process, qualified non-teaching staff should be going through periodic retraining through internal and external workshops, seminars and such other courses as their callings deem appropriate.

ACTION TO BE TAKEN
Staff training scheme be put in place. Funds be allocated to sponsor qualified non-teaching staff for relevant refresher courses

No university shall invest staff development fund in training non-teaching staff for PhD programmes. Training for masters programmes shall be strictly based of the university needs and the professional callings of the affected staff.
Non-teaching staff that are due for retirement should be allowed to retire and leave the university service. Government shall request the governing councils to direct the management of the universities to stop hiring non-teaching staff on casual, part-time, or contract basis. For government, and other funding agencies to concentrate on the business of supporting teaching, learning and research; and for and the university managers to concentrate on pursuing the mission, vision and core values of their institution, it is recommended to government to study the feasibility and viability of converting all non-teaching staff in Nigerian universities into the staff of Federal or State Ministry of Education (as the case may be). If this is done, governments and funding agencies know for certain every investment would go into the main mandate of the university. Administrative spending and personnel cost would only be restricted to academic matters. Universities would have more resources, more time, and more attention to research, learning, and teaching. And government would have full control over the increasing growth of the population of non-teaching staff in the universities.

Relevant committees (CDD and/or POs) to ensure compliance. Conditions of service be reviewed.
Policy statement directing Governing Councils.

NUC to work out the modalities

STUDENTS ENROLLMENT & AFFILIATIONS

RECOMMENDATIONS
Government needs to pursue a deliberate policy of expanding access to university education. A situation where the total enrolment in 61 universities in the country is only 4 times the enrolment of a single university in Latin America (for example) clearly explains the Nigerias university enrolment dilemma. A situation where universities are only able to offer places to less than 10% of their prospective applicants each year also buttressed this dilemma. In expanding access, government shall take cognisance of the following: a. the need to target quadrupling university enrolment in the next three years 2013 to 2015 (doubling the enrolment in the first two years and doubling again in the third year). b. the necessity of upgrading existing infrastructure and providing all the requisite facilities needed to drive modern teaching and learning. c. the necessity of providing additional infrastructure and employing new Academics to cater for the expansion needs. d. the need to streamline university programmes to be in tandem with national policy on high-level manpower development. e. the need to have a robust and viable private sector that would compete with government in hiring the services of graduates

ACTION TO BE TAKEN
Technical committee of experts to provide the costing of upgrading existing facilities and developing new ones as recommended in the individual university reports. Review of university admission quotas

RECOMMENDATIONS
In order to drive national development, universities should be producing skill-full and qualitative graduates that would not only lead in innovation, creativity, and discoveries, but also compete favourably with their counterparts globally. In doing this, government policy on high-level manpower development needs to be reviewed with a view to allotting special attention to the training of, and the provision of technical experts in Information & Communication Technology, high-tech engineering, medical sciences, agricultural sciences, and natural sciences etc. Consequently, it is suggested that government need to: a. Promote and enforce the policy of 60:40 Science/Art ratio in all universities. Science in this context means all science-based courses while art means all arts/humanitiesbased courses. b. Strengthen the capacity of all quality assurance agencies in the education sector (e.g. NUC) and make them more dispassionate and scrupulous in the discharge of their responsibilities (especially as they relate to the accreditation of programmes and facilities). c. Set targets to the universities in respect of meeting the quantum and quality of graduates and professionals needed by the country. This target should include, but not limited to, producing graduates that are job-creators rather than job-seekers Looking at the percentage of postgraduate PhD students in the country, it is fair to conclude that succession plan in the higher education system in the country is weak. Universities should expand their postgraduate programmes as well as make them attractive to international students. In doing this, universities a. Should be allowed to charge internationally competitive fees for all postgraduate courses. b. Should endeavour to adopt the international best practices in research and supervision at graduate level. c. Should participate in international collaborations, linkages and professional networks d. Should target having at least 25% of their enrolment to be graduate students

ACTION TO BE TAKEN
Inter-ministerial committee be put in place to review the manpower development policy of the country. The process of accreditation exercise shall be reviewed/strengthened and quality scholars, professionals in practice, and education administrators shall always form the core of the resource persons to conduct the exercise Govt. to review the laws establishing the relevant professional bodies

Introduce feedback mechanisms

Senate of individual universities be tasked with the responsibility of coming up with blueprint

RECOMMENDATIONS
The policy of 60:40 Science : Arts ratio shall be extended to Postgraduate enrolment. This shall be started with 1st generation universities before it is generalized. The 1st generation universities shall also be made to admit more postgraduate students than undergraduates. Government needs to instruct universities to be organising career guidance visits to senior secondary schools and high schools with a view to informing the pupils and raising their awareness about science-based programmes. Given the fact that over 30% of total students population in the country is provided by only 9 Universities while the remaining 63 provides 70%, it can easily be inferred that universities in Nigeria need to expand access and provide more places for the teaming Nigerian youth. Consequently, it is recommended to Government to put and embargo/freeze into the establishment of new universities while concentrated efforts are being put to consolidate the existing ones. This embargo shall be for a period of 10 years. While the embargo lasts, existing universities shall not open any new campuses but rather concentrate in developing the existing ones. While the expansion of access to university education is going on, universities that admit students beyond their approved carrying capacities should be sanctioned. This is necessary given the attendant implication of over-enrolment of students to the facilities and to the quality of services (including teaching and learning). This translates into poor quality of the graduates that such universities produced.

ACTION TO BE TAKEN
Policy statement

Career guidance unit/department to develop visits calendar and programmes Policy statement

Regulatory agencies to be more proactive and creative in monitoring enrolment and ensuring compliance with carrying capacities

RECOMMENDATIONS
The ban by the NUC on universities to stop running diploma programmes at subdegree level should be enforced. Polytechnics and colleges of education shall also concentrate on the training and provision of middle-level manpower through ND, HND and NCE courses that they are established to do, while high-level manpower training shall be left to the universities. In this regard, a program for ending the training of undergraduates in colleges of education and polytechnics shall be put in place by the regulatory agencies in conjunction with the affected institutions. While this program is being worked out, government shall (through its regulatory agency) ensure a comprehensive, fair, and transparent system of accreditation of all non-university degree-training colleges/institutions in sync with the university accreditation template. The universities should develop, maintain or review current internal quality management systems so that they make full use of the competencies of stakeholders and take full responsibility for delivering qualifications comparable in standard to those in the main university The regulatory agency shall provide accurate, reliable and easily accessible information on the criteria and standards for accreditation and subsequent affiliation.

ACTION TO BE TAKEN
This requirement shall be incorporated into accreditation requirements Policy statement by government. Enforcement by relevant agencies

Regulatory agencies to be more dispassionate and professional in conducting accreditation exercise.

University affiliation committees to ensure comparable qualities

Make info accessible to all stakeholders (publications, web-postings, etc)

Universities shall also provide accurate, reliable and easily accessible information on the criteria and procedures of external and internal quality assurance measures.

Make info accessible to all stakeholders (publications, web-postings, etc)

RECOMMENDATIONS
Universities shall ensure that programmes delivered in their name in affiliate institutions/colleges are of comparable quality with those in the university. Commitment to this effect be made public. Universities that are running invisible affiliations (unknown to the NUC) shall be asked to stop forthwith. Universities shall recognise that quality teaching and research is made possible by the quality of Academics and the quality of their working conditions that foster independent and critical enquiry. It is therefore imperative to ensure that academics teaching in affiliate institutions/colleges are up to the mettle. Universities need to ensure the transparency of the financial status of the institutions and/or educational programme being affiliated Universities should share good practices by participating in sector organizations and inter-institutional networks at national and international level. The regulatory agencies shall develop, publicise and enforce clear regulations and minimum benchmarks for the provision of part-time and distance learning degree programmes. In doing this, a balance needs to be struck between commercialization of these programmes and the attendant consequences on standards and the implications on regular degree courses offered in the universities (e.g. staff productivity etc).

ACTION TO BE TAKEN
Strengthen the affiliation conditions, establish effective monitoring and feedback process. Policy statement by government. Enforcement by relevant agencies Strengthen the affiliation conditions, establish effective monitoring and feedback process. University affiliation committees to ensure comparable qualities Access to information on registration charges and annual financial report of affiliate institutions. Establishing linkages an collaborations NNMs and such other documents need to be reviewed

RECOMMENDATIONS
The number of study centres for the Open University shall be streamlined in accordance with the universitys staffing situation and based on the available infrastructure. There shall be a freeze on new study centre and deliberate efforts be made to upgrade the streamlined centres. (e.g. http://www8.open.ac.uk/about/main/the-ou-explained/facts-and-figures ).

ACTION TO BE TAKEN
Government policy statement. Regulatory agency to ensure compliance

ON-CAMPUS ACCOMMODATION
RECOMMENDATIONS
There is a very urgent need for all residential universities to have sufficient hostel facilities that can carry at least 50% of their students population. In meeting this demand, A low-interest facility shall be guaranteed by Government and be made available to all universities to build at least 2000-rooms capacity students hostel, in the first instance. Universities must do away with the policy of charging N90.00 per bed-space. This rate is not only very unrealistic but is also largely responsible for the sorry-state of most university hostels. Universities shall be empowered to engage the services of private developers in the provision and management of hostels accommodation on a jointventure terms. In this regard, a decent, affordable commercial rate shall be charged depending on location and market values. iv. Beside bed-space charges, universities shall be advised to charge between N10,000.00 N20,000.00 as hostel maintenance fees. This fees shall be kept in dedicated hostel maintenance account and be used for routine maintenance and servicing of hostel facilities.

ACTION TO BE TAKEN
Technical committee of experts to come up with design and costing Quantum to be determined by enrolment and projections. CBN. Students Union shall be carried along in the review of cost of accommodation Impediments to PPP be removed. Special hostel grant be allocated to all universities for the take off of the partnership Policy review.

RECOMMENDATIONS
All abandoned hostel projects shall be taken-over by government and be completed on PPP basis. Depending on room size, universities shall be instructed to be allocating between 2 to 4 occupants per room. Universities with dormitories shall be instructed to convert the dormitories in to rooms. Universities shall be instructed to enforce the no-squatting policy in all hostels and mete appropriate sanction to violators (i.e. the squatters and their hosts/hostesses) Existing university-owned hostels shall be renovated and upgraded. In doing this, special attention should be given to lavatories, laundries and common rooms. After the upgrade, the management of these hostels shall be ceded to private managers or to university consultancy services to be operated as both service and business. All laundries and common rooms that have been converted into hostel rooms shall be recovered and returned to the purposes they are intended for. Motorised boreholes shall be drilled in all halls of residence and be reticulated to serve all floors of the halls. These boreholes shall be equipped with overhead tanks, pumping machine and solar-powered generators to ensure their effectiveness. Sound-proof generators shall be provided for each cluster of halls to ensure decent power supply at night. Universities that are experimenting competition with private developers in the provision of hostel accommodation shall be encouraged to continue.

ACTION TO BE TAKEN
Technical committee of experts to come up with costing Room charges and available services be adjusted commensurately. Regulatory agencies together with students unions to ensure compliance. Students handbooks be updated to include the no-squatting policy Technical committee of experts to determine the cost of renovation and upgrade. Appropriate university organ (e.g. student affairs) be tasked to initiate discussion with partners Students living in such facilities be relocated Technical committee of experts to determine the cost of providing and motorising the boreholes Technical committee of experts to determine the cost of providing and motorising the boreholes More competition should be introduced

MUNICIPAL INFRASTRUCTURE & SERVICES: Power Supply

RECOMMENDATIONS
Given the importance of universities to national development, government shall get the appropriate power agency to put all Nigerian universities on 33kVA line and be accorded priority consideration during distribution. By so doing, universities will not only be more productive but also save what would have been expended on fuelling and generator maintenance. Universities shall introduce proper regulation of generator use by the members of the community. This regulation shall provide guidelines on the types of generators permissible within the university, the areas where generators can be installed and operated, the times when generators can be operated in those areas, and the maintenance responsibilities of the generators users. Rather than using large standby generators, universities shall be advised to use generators that are sealed, sound-proof, and medium-sized distributed amongst different buildings on shared management. For instance, all the halls in the students hostels can be grouped into clusters that can be powered by 100-200kVA generators, academic buildings can also be grouped in similar fashion (with laboratories having separate groupings etc). Inverters shall be used to back-up critical ICT infrastructures, specialized Laboratory equipment, and to provide illumination in Libraries. All universities shall be assisted by government to deploy Solar power to provide external illuminations, street lighting, and to power (boost) water supply from the motorized boreholes. In order to save energy and reduce waste, electricity usage manual shall be developed and promoted amongst staff and students. Universities need to deliberately encourage and use energy-saving appliances and tools (including light bulbs).

ACTION TO BE TAKEN
Ministry of power to be requested to accord universities appropriate priority

Appropriate university organ/unit be tasked with the responsibility of proposing such guidelines

Universities to conduct appropriate studies on how best to distribute standbys so as to reduce cost and optimize powerhours Procure inverters and batteries Technical experts to determine cost and advise A committee be tasked to come up with proposed manual

RECOMMENDATIONS
Universities shall aspire to have independent power supply. In this regards, university managers shall be advised to be making compulsory saving of between 10-20% of their IGR in dedicated power account to be used for independent power project.

ACTION TO BE TAKEN
Appropriate university committee put in place. Governing Councils to ensure savings from IGR in dedicated power account

MUNICIPAL INFRASTRUCTURE & SERVICES: Street Lighting and Illumination

RECOMMENDATIONS
All universities shall be made to, as a matter of urgent priority, install street lights along all roads, walk-ways, and exteriors of all buildings (including students hostels). Solar power and/or dedicated generators shall be used to power these street lights throughout the nights. Power intervention grant shall be made available to universities based on size, number of campuses, population of on-campus students, and size of IGR.

ACTION TO BE TAKEN
Procure all the materials needed to provide adequate illumination Procure solar panels and generators Make the grant available

MUNICIPAL INFRASTRUCTURE & SERVICES: Road Network

RECOMMENDATIONS
University works departments shall be up and doing in ensuring that all existing roads are properly maintained, potholes and kerb-erosion are not allowed to deteriorate, and shrubs are not allowed to grow on road shoulders. All roads that have deteriorated as a result of erosion, age, misuse, or poor maintenance should be rehabilitated. This rehabilitation shall include the provision of drainages that are invisible and underground (covered with kerbs and ventilators) and routinely maintained and flushed.

ACTION TO BE TAKEN
Routine maintenance procedure to be regularly serviced Technical Committee of Experts set up by Government

RECOMMENDATIONS
All new roads shall be asphalted or interlocked and adorned with kerbs, street lights and side-trees (including hedges and flowers). Pedestrian walk-ways shall be fully interlocked or surface-dressed and/or beautifully roofed, to connect adjoining buildings in all campuses. All existing laterite-filled roads in Nigerian universities shall be surface-dressed and/or asphalted.

ACTION TO BE TAKEN
University Procurement Committee, tenders board and works department to update requirements in subsequent road projects University Procurement Committee, tenders board and works department to update requirements in subsequent road projects Technical Committee of experts to determine cost implication

MUNICIPAL INFRASTRUCTURE & SERVICES: Water Supply

RECOMMENDATIONS
Universities need to be creative and proactive in addressing water shortages. In particular, universities need to group all existing buildings into clusters of contiguous block and provide each cluster with its independent motorised borehole that supplies the buildings in that cluster through a restricted reticulation. All new building projects shall provide for water supply through borehole (subject to availability of water table) and power supply through soundproofed generators. Students hostels shall have separate motorised boreholes with dedicated generators and efficient operators to ensure steady and uninterrupted water supply.

ACTION TO BE TAKEN
Works departments of universities to consider clustering and segmentation of water reticulation

University Procurement Committee, tenders board and works department to update requirements in subsequent road projects Works departments of universities to consider clustering and segmentation of water reticulation

RECOMMENDATIONS
The university reticulation and other water infrastructure shall be periodically serviced to ensure that blockades, breakages and/or other malfunctions are identified and rectified with dispatch. Universities shall take advantage of municipal water supplies, whenever available to support its boreholes. Large water reservoirs (surface and overheads) shall be provided in every hall of residence to ease the water shortages in students hostels. In order to reduce waste and control overflows, universities shall promote the use of sensor-taps in hostels, homes and other university buildings (especially in lavatories, laundries, bathrooms and kitchens). Universities shall devise some means of recycling used water for the purpose of watering plants and creating green areas.

ACTION TO BE TAKEN
Works and/or maintenance departments to deploy maintenance schedules as at when due. Supervision and reporting system be improved Connect to municipal water supply Technical Committee of experts to determine cost implication Bulk procurement and fixing of sensor-taps

Adopt existing models of water harvesting and recycling or design a new one

MUNICIPAL INFRASTRUCTURE & SERVICES: General Landscaping

RECOMMENDATIONS
Government shall encourage regulators of standards in the university system to allocate some points (rewards) for good landscaping as part of accreditation process. University stabilization fund shall be used to support universities that are being threatened by erosion or by desertification.

ACTION TO BE TAKEN
Review accreditation process

Allocate based on nature of threat and damages caused

RECOMMENDATIONS
Parks and gardens shall be established in all universities with green areas that are properly landscaped and regularly maintained. Parks and gardens managers must be made to brace up for the challenges of creating green areas and providing ornamental plants in our university campuses. All Parking Spaces shall be made some safe distance away from lecture/laboratory facilities. They should be fully commercial and fully secured. Vehicular access beyond parking lots should be restricted. Walk-ways shall be fully interlocked or surface-dressed and/or beautifully roofed to connect all adjoining buildings.

ACTION TO BE TAKEN
Physical planning departments to design parks and maintain them Setting targets and proper supervision and reporting

Physical planning departments to design parking spaces and maintain them

Physical planning departments to design and maintain them

MUNICIPAL INFRASTRUCTURE & SERVICES: General Landscaping

RECOMMENDATIONS
All university health centres shall be upgraded to the level of primary healthcare provider registered with appropriate HMO. Such upgrade shall include, but not limited to, renovation of existing structures, constructing new ones, re-equipping the clinics and recruiting relevant and competent health personnel. Pharmaceutical services shall be provided in the universities on commercial basis, guided by extant regulations and manned by qualified pharmacists. University maintenance units (or sanitation units) must be made to do their work properly. Refuse collection and refuse disposal must be done on daily basis to avoid refuse glut. Cleaners and labourers must be effectively supervised to ensure clean and hygienic environment.

ACTION TO BE TAKEN
Government policy review (NHIS). Costing of upgrades and provision of new facilities to be made committee of experts. Funds to be provided by Government.

Can be operated as part of university investment or as fully privatized venture

Duty schedules and rosters be put in place and supervised. Truant staff be disciplined appropriately

RECOMMENDATIONS
Refuse disposal trucks shall be purchased for all universities.
There shall be properly reticulated underground sewage disposal system in the universities. All mosquito breeding places should be routinely fumigated

ACTION TO BE TAKEN
Government to provide funds
Works department to coordinate Procure sufficient fumigants. Sanitation Units ensures fumigation

MUNICIPAL INFRASTRUCTURE & SERVICES: Staff Club

RECOMMENDATIONS
Staff clubs shall have attractive facilities to draw staff to cool off after a hectic day. They should have kitchen facilities and services, bars and pools, and such other entertainments. Existing staff clubs shall be renovated while universities without one shall be encouraged to construct one using public-private partnership (PPP). Can be operated as part of university investment or as fully privatized venture

ACTION TO BE TAKEN

MUNICIPAL INFRASTRUCTURE & SERVICES: Gymnasia

RECOMMENDATIONS
All inoperable equipment in the gymnasia shall be repaired and/or replaced. Other equipment that are needed in the gyms but not available shall be procured. Universities without gymnasium shall be encouraged to build one that is fully equipped, properly managed, regularly maintained and commercially operated. Or get private developers to build one on PPP terms.

ACTION TO BE TAKEN
Technical Committee to determine costing. Funding to be provided by government Technical Committee to determine costing. Funding to be provided by government

MUNICIPAL INFRASTRUCTURE & SERVICES: Sporting Facilities

RECOMMENDATIONS
All universities without sporting facilities shall be supported to acquire these facilities because of their importance to the wellbeing of students and staff. Courts and pitches shall be renovated and standardised. Universities with inadequate sporting facilities shall be supported to have more. Universities without facilities for indoor games shall be supported to acquire these facilities. As part of maintenance of sporting infrastructure, universities shall ensure regular use of these facilities by both staff and students. In this regards, periodic competition shall be conducted to keep the pitches and courts alive.

ACTION TO BE TAKEN
Costing to be done by technical committee, funds to be provided by government Costing to be done by technical committee, funds to be provided by government Costing to be done by technical committee, funds to be provided by government University sports directorate to ensure utilization

MUNICIPAL INFRASTRUCTURE & SERVICES: Students Centre

RECOMMENDATIONS
Students centres shall be renovated and upgraded in all universities. Universities shall be encouraged to assist students in sourcing for funding assistance (from private sector) towards servicing and maintaining students centre facilities. Advertising companies may be contacted to negotiate some promotion agreement between students centre managers and some firms on maintenance and service provision at the centre.

ACTION TO BE TAKEN
Costing and valuation. Sponsorship.

SUGs an Students affairs divisions to coordinate this

MUNICIPAL INFRASTRUCTURE & SERVICES: Campus Markets

RECOMMENDATIONS
All campus markets shall be standardised. Universities should either get private developers to construct standard malls with variety of shops, including grocers, travel agencies, souvenir stores, business centres and boutiques etc, leased on PPP basis or develop a prototype shop and instruct all operators of businesses in the university to build the similar structure. All the shacks in the university markets shall be removed.

ACTION TO BE TAKEN
University consultancy services or investment companies to commence standardization process.

Works department (university market management etc) to relocate shacks .

Cafeterias and restaurants serving the diverse appetite of an international community shall be fully commercial or part-owned by the varsity
Campus markets shall have managers with standard operating procedures and documented regulations and registration for businesses.

University consultancy services or investment companies to negotiate with restaurateurs.

Develop the operating procedures and rule and regulations

MUNICIPAL INFRASTRUCTURE & SERVICES: Security

RECOMMENDATIONS
More security personnel shall be hired by universities and periodic training be conducted to make them more effective. University stabilization fund shall be used to support large universities so that they can wall-fence their campuses to reduce security challenges. Proper equipment and tools needed to provide effective security services shall be purchased for all universities.

ACTION TO BE TAKEN
Proper screening, need-based recruitment

Cost estimation. Releasing funds Bulk procurement of general security and surveillance equipment

FUNDING
RECOMMENDATIONS
The funding of any university shall remain, primarily, the responsibility of the proprietors of the university. University managers need to be creative in diversifying sources of revenue to the institutions: establishing viable commercial ventures, marketing their consultancy services, commercialization of accommodation, charging competitive fees for postgraduate studies, converting innovations into commercial products, pursuing endowments and bequeaths etc.

ACTION TO BE TAKEN

Capital allocations to universities need to be released in full. The non-release of capital grant contribute a lot in the build up of abandoned projects as well as having inadequate facilities.
Universities where proprietor failed to allocate and release at least N50,000.00 per student per annum as capital grant shall get their licence withdrawn by the regulatory agencies. Recurrent allocations to universities need to be beefed up to allow Varsities to recruit more teaching staff. This is not without prejudice to the recommendations on general staff auditing and transfer of non-teaching staff to mainstream civil service. University managers need to be deploying the Universitys IGR properly. Considering the percentage IGR in relation to TETFund subventions, IGR projects shall be seen to be competing favourably with TETFund projects in many universities. But this is not the case. Accounting procedures of the universities shall be reviewed to ensure that Total Income (including IGR) and Total Expenditure are reported to Council

STAFF AND STUDENTS UNIONS

RECOMMENDATIONS
University-based Unions/associations shall, at all times, be implored to explore dialogue and diplomatic avenues in pressing for their demands. Governing councils and management of universities shall, at all times, provide the avenues and create the conditions that would make dialogue with unions possible and successful. Unions/associations that declare industrial action must outline the dos and donts of such action. For instance, no staff should take away the keys of any building(s) away, disrupt the work of others (whether they belong to the same union/association or not) etc. University managers shall be bold enough to ensure that (whenever necessary) industrial action is restricted to withdrawal of service/labour alone. As much as possible, university managers shall continue to reach out to staff unions/associations with a view to sustaining and/or establishing cordial working relations with them for the collective good of all stakeholders of the institutions. University managers shall, at all times, respect the spirit and letter of the terms and conditions of service of all cadres of staff, including the prompt payment of staff entitlements and other remunerations. This would not only minimize industrial friction but also serve as motivation to staff in the institutions. Visitors to State universities shall be consulting the university laws and avoid breach of statutes. This is one of the common causes of industrial dispute and is easily avoidable.

ACTION TO BE TAKEN

All unions/associations shall make available to their members and the university community their code of ethics and disciplinary procedures.
University managers, proprietors and other stakeholders (including unions/associations) shall always be proactive in nipping issue(s) that can cause industrial disharmony in the bud before they grow out of proportion.

RECOMMENDATIONS Students Union shall be in place in all universities. The guidelines governing the conduct of union elections and their constitutions of the associations need to be reviewed and harmonized not only to ensure consistency with university rules and regulations but also to ensure transparency, prudence, discipline and competence in the administration of these unions/associations/clubs/societies. Universities shall put in place effective mechanism to regulate external solicitations by students associations. These cheap resources that they are receiving from individuals/organizations external to the university has now become a major source of attraction to organized students unionism and one of the main causes of crises and digressions in the students movements. Students Affairs divisions of all universities shall strengthen the registration procedures of clubs/associations/clubs/societies with a view to ensuring accountability. Students Affairs divisions in all universities shall be made to set up a benchmark of useful activities that every association must organize for its constituents per session as pre-condition for renewal of registration. Where student associations are found to be complicit in organizing wanton destruction of university property, disciplinary process must be put in place to ensure that all perpetrators are brought to book. In addition, such associations shall be de-registered and banned from the university. Certain level of academic performance shall be pegged as the minimum requirement to qualify any student to hold a position in any association in the university. This will go a long way in ensuring competence and confidence among students leaders. Universities shall provide decent office accommodation to house the central students body.

ACTION TO BE TAKEN Governing Councils

Management

MISCELLANEOUS RECOMMENDATIONS
RECOMMENDATIONS
A technical committee of experts shall be set up to evaluate the financial implications of remedying the identified deficiencies in physical facilities and learning resources with a view to ensuring that resources are effectively and urgently deployed to address the issues. Universities where proprietor failed to allocate and release at least N50,000.00 per student per annum as capital grant shall get their licence withdrawn by the regulatory agencies. In order to manage the delivery of education services effectively and ensure quality supervision and efficient performance, it is recommended that the Federal Ministry of Education be split into two independent ministries with delineated responsibilities: Ministry of Higher Education and Manpower Development; and Ministry of Education. This recommendation is premised on the fact that: a. The Federal Ministry of Education, as presently constituted, is very big and unwieldy which makes quality assurance, supervision and policy formulation difficult. b. The Ministry has 27 parastatals, each of which is as big as some ministries in the country c. One of the parastatals, the NUC, has over 100 universities to superintend over. d. Some of the universities (e.g. ABU, UNN, UI etc) are much bigger than some Federal ministries both in complexities and responsibilities. e. Many countries with efficient educational system have adopted the two-tier ministries for education (e.g. UK, Ghana, Pakistan, Malaysia, Canada etc) f. Government, in the past, had cause to split some ministries for the purpose of improving their effectiveness (e.g. Agriculture & Water Resources; Transport & Aviation; Works, Housing & Environment; Power & Solid Minerals)

ACTION TO BE TAKEN

We hope the results of this exercise will contribute in the rejuvenation of the Nigerian University System and repositioning the System for International competitiveness and national development.

THANK YOU