Modul Perfect Score SBP Chemistry SPM 2013 SKEMA

@Hak cipta BPSBPSK/SBP/2013
BAHAGIAN PENGURUSAN SEKOLAH BERASRAMA PENUH DAN SEKOLAH KLUSTER

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JAWAPAN MODUL PERFECT SCORE & X A-PLUS 2013
CHEMISTRY
Set Set Set Set Set 1 2 3 4 5
Perfect Score & X A Plus Module/mark scheme 2013
MODULE PERFECT SCORE & X A-PLUS 2013

SET 1 :THE STRUCTURE OF ATOM, PERIODIC TABLE OF ELEMENTS AND CHEMICAL BONDS Question No 1 (a) (i) Melting Mark schemes Mark 1 1 1
(ii) Molecule (b) The heat energy absorbed by the particles is used to overcome the forces of attraction between the naphthalene molecules / particles. (c) (d) (i) The particles move faster X : electron Y : nucleus
1 1 1 1 1+1 10
(ii) Electron (e) (i) W and X
(ii) W and X atom have different number of neutrons but same number of protons Atom// Element W and X has different nucleon number but same proton number
Question No 2 (a) (b) (i) (ii) (c) (i) (ii)

e
Mark schemes No of electrons = 18, No of neutrons = 22 The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom 40 2.1
Mark 1+1 1
XX Xe
3p 4n X
e
(d)
(i) (ii)
W and Y Atom W and Y have the same number of valence electrons
1 1 1 10
(iii) To estimate the age of fossils /artefacts.
Question No. 3 (a) (i) (ii) (iii) 35 18 = 17
Mark Scheme Total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom
Marks 1 1 1 +1
shows nucleus and three shells occupied with electron Label 12 proton, 12 neutron
(iv) (b) (i) (ii)
Number of electrons = 2 Liquid
1 ...5 1
1+1
R ...3
(c)
Temperature/oC
90
67
1+1
Time/s 1st mark - Label X and Y axis with correct unit 2 nd mark - Correct shape of curve 10
a)
(i) (ii)
F Atom F has achieve stable/octet electron arrangement // has 8 valence electron 2D + 2H2O 2DOH + H2 Correct reactant & correct product Balance equation The nuclei attraction towards the valence electrons is weaker in atom G. More easier for atom G to lose / release an electron to form a positively charged ion. Covalent bond
1 1 1 1 1+1
b)
(i)
(ii)
c)
(i) (ii)
1 1
E Y
x x
X Y
x
x x
E Y
(iii) (d)
Cannot conduct electricity at any state/ low melting and boiling point/.... Show coloured ion//formed complex ion//has various oxidation number//act as catalyst
1 1 11
(a) (b) (i) (ii) (iii)
Increasing of proton number. Na/sodium, Mg/magnesium .... Atomic size decreases across the period // Period 3.
1 1 1 1+1
1. Number of protons in atom increases when across the period. 2. Force of attraction between nucleus and electrons in the shell is stronger. Chlorine more reactive than bromine Size of chlorine atom is smaller than bromine atom Chlorine atom is easier to receive one electron Al3+ Ionic compound
..4
(c) 1+1
(d) (e)
(i) (ii)
1 1
1+1
11
(a) (b) (i)
P : liquid
Q : solid
R : gas
1 +1+1 1 1 1 1 1
1. P can be change to Q through freezing process. 2. When the liquid cooled, the particles in liquid lose energy and move slower. 3. As temperature drops, the liquid particles attract tone another and change
into solid
(ii)
1. P can change to R through boiling. 2. When liquid is heated, the particles of the liquid gain kinetic energy and
move faster as the temperature increase
3. The particles have enough energy to overcome the forces between them
and gas is formed (iii) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 20
1. R can be change to P through condensation process. 2. When the gas cooled, the particles in gas lose energy and move slower. 3. Particles attract one another and change into liquid 1. Uniform scale for X-axis and Y-axis and labelled/size of graph plotted of
graph paper. 2. Tranfer of point 3. Smooth curve 1. Dotted line on the graph from the horizontal line to Y-axis at 80oC. 2. Arrow mark freezing point at 80oC 1. Heat released to sorrounding 2. Is balanced when particles comes together to form a solid Supercooling
(c)
(i)
(ii) (iii)
(iv)
Question No. (a) (i) 7 (ii)
Mark Scheme Atom R is located in Group 17, Period 3 Electron arrangement of atom R is 2.8.7. Group 17 because it has seven valence electron. Period 3 because it has three shells filled with electron Atoms P and R form covalent bond. To achieve the stable electron arrangement, atom P needs 4 electrons while atom R needs one electron. Thus, atom P shares 4 pairs of electrons with 4 atoms of R, forming a molecule with the formula PR4 // diagram
Mark 1 +1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
(b)
(i)
(ii)
Atom Q and atom R form ionic bond. Electron arrangement for atom Q is 2.8.1 and electron arrangement for atom R is 2.8.7// Atom Q has 1 valence electron while atow R has 7 valence electron To achieve a stable (octet ) electron arrangement, atom Q donates 1 electron to form a positive ion// equation Q Q+ + e Atom R receives an electron to form ion R-//equation and achieve a stable octet electron arrangement. R+e RIon Q+ and ion R- are attracted together by the strong electrostatic forces to form a compound with the formula QR// diagram
1 1 1
1 1
+ Q R
--
Question No 8 (a)
Mark scheme 12 represents the nucleon number. 6 represents the proton number. Able to draw the structure of an atom elements X. The diagram should be able to show the following informations: 1. correct number and position of proton in the nucleus/ at the centre of the atom. 2. correct number and position of neutron in the nucleus/ at the centre of the atom. 3. correct number and position of electron circulating the nucleus 4. correct number of valence electrons Sample answer:
4 e-
Mark 1 1
(b)
1 1
1 1
eee
-
e-
e-
11p1 12n 2 eeeor
e- 3 e-
eeee
-
11p + 12n e-
eeeee-
e-
(c)
(i)
Atoms W and Y form covalent bond. To achieve the stable electron arrangement, atom W contributes 4 electrons while atom Y contributes one electron for sharing. Thus, atom W shares 4 pairs of electrons with 4 atoms of Y, forming a molecule with the formula WY4 // diagram
1 1 1 1 1
(ii)
Atom X and atom Y form ionic bond. Electron arrangement for atom X is 2.8.1 and electron arrangement for atom Y is 2.8.7 To achieve a stable (octet )electron arrangement, atom X donates 1 electron to form a positive ion // equation X X+ + e Atom Y receives an electron to form ion Y-//equation and achieve a stable octet electron arrangement. Y+e Y+ Ion X and ion Y are attracted together by the strong electrostatic forces to form a compound with the formula XY// diagram
1 1 1
1 1
+ X Y
--
(d)
The melting point of the ionic compound/ (b)(ii) is higher than that of the covalent compound/ (b)(i) . This is because in ionic compounds oppositely ions are held by strong electrostatic forces. High energy is needed to overcome these forces. In covalent compounds, molecules are held by weak intermolecular forces. Only a little energy is required to overcome the attractive forces. OR The ionic compound/(b)(ii) conducts electricity in the molten or aqueous state whereas the covalent compound/(b)(i) does not conduct electricity. This is because in the molten or aqueous state, ionic compounds consist of freely moving ions carry electrical charges. Covalent compounds are made up of molecules only
1 1 1 1 1 or 1 1 1 1 1 20
(a)
(i)
1. Correct number of shells and valence electrons 2. Black dot or label Q at the center of the atom
(ii)
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1. 2. 3. 4.
Group 14 There are 4 valence electrons Period 2 Atom consists of 2 shells occupied with electrons
(b)
(i)
1. Floats and moves fast on the water 2. Hiss sound occurs 3. Gas liberates / bubble
[any two] 2Q + 2H2O 2QOH + H2 1. Correct reactant and product 2. Balanced equation Compound X Sharing electron between atom B and A Choose any one ionic compound and any one covalent compound. Melting/boiling point Ionic compound High force of attraction between oppositely charged ions are strong. 3. more heat energy needs to overcome the forces. Electrical conductivity 4. 5. Ionic compound Conduct in molten state or aqueous solution. The free moving ions are able to carry electrical charges. 1. 2. Covalent compound low force of attraction between molecules are weak. less heat energy needs to overcome the forces.
(ii)
(c)
(i) (ii)
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
Covalent compound Not conduct electricity. Neutral molecules are not able to carry electrical charges.
1 1 1 1
Solubility
6 7
Ionic compound Soluble in water. Water molecule is polar solvent.
Covalent compound soluble in benzene/ toluene / any organic solvents. The attraction forces between molecules in solute and solvent are the same. 20
10
(i) Compound formed between X and Y Types of chemical bonds Ionic bond is formed because X atom donates electrons and Y atom receives electrons to achieve stable octet electron arrangement/involve transfer electron High because a lot of heat energy needed to overcome the strong electrostatic forces between ions Molecule formed between Z and Y Covalent bond is formed because Z and Y atoms share the electrons to achieve stable electron arrangement //
Inovelve sharing of electron

Low because less heat energy is needed to overcome the weak forces of attraction between molecules
Boiling point and melting point
1.Correct electron arrangement of 2 ions 2.Correct charges and nuclei are shown
XX
X
2+
X X X X X X
X
XX
X
2X X X
XX
XX
(b)
X X X
X
1 1
X XX
X X X
X XX
X X X
2+
Y21
3. X atom with an electron arrangement of 2.8.2 donates 2 valence electrons to

achieve the stable octet electron arrangement, 2.8. X2+ ion is formed // X X2+ + 2e-
4. Y atom with an electron arrangement of 2.6 accept 2 electrons to achieve the

stable octet electron arrangement, 2.8. Y2- ion is formed // Y + 2eY2-
5. The oppositely-charged ions, X2+ and Y2- are attracted to each other by a strong
electrostatic force. 6. An ionic compound XY is formed
1 1
10
(c)
1. A crucible is filled with solid P until it is half full. 2. Two carbon electrodes are dipped in the solid P and connected to the batteries 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
using connecting wire. Switch is turned on and observation is recorded. The solid P is then heated until it melts completely. The switch is turned on again and observation is recorded. Steps 1 to 5 are repeated using solid Q to replace solid P. Observations: P does not light up the bulb in both solid and molten states. Q lights up the bulb in molten state only.
P: naphthalene // any suitable answer Q: lead(II) bromide // any suitable answer
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 20
11
(a)
(i)
Z : 2.8.7 X : 2.4 Z atom has 7 valence electrons needs one electron X atom has 4 valence electrons ,hence it needs 4 more electron each atom achieves stable octet electron arrangement share electrons between them four Z atoms , each contributes 1 electron // [ diagram one X atom contributes 4 electrons //[diagram] - four single covalent bonds are formed - the molecular formula is XZ4 - diagram [ no. of electrons in all the occupied shells in the X and Z atoms - correct] [ sharing of 4 pairs of single covalent bonds between 1 X atom and 4 Z atoms ]
(ii)
1 1 ..2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ..10 1
(iii) Colourless liquid b) [Procedures of the experiment] eg. 1. Add a quarter of spatula of YZ solid and add into a test tube. 2. Pour 2-5 cm3 of distilled water into the test tube containing theYZ2 3. Stopper the test tube and shake well. 4. Repeat Steps 1 to 3 using [ named organic solvent eg ether ] 5. Observe the changes and record them in a table . [Results] Eg Solvent Distilled water [named organic solvent] e.g ether
1 1 1 1 1
Observation Colourless solution obtained Solid crystals insoluble in liquid
[Conclusion] eg ZY is insoluble in organic solvent/[named organic solvent] but soluble in water.
..7
11
No
Explanation Y more reactive Atomic size of Y bigger than X // The number of shell occupied with electron atom Y more than X. The single valence electron becomes further away from the nucleus. the valence electron becomes weakly pulled by the nucleus. The valence electron can be released more easily. Name : Sodium 4Na + O2 2Na2O Chemical formulae Balance equation Put group1 metal into bottle that contain paraffin oil Group 1 metal readily reacts with air/moisture in atmosphere/ water Name : Sodium/any group 1 element Material : group 1 elements, water, Apparatus : forceps , knife, filter paper, basin, litmus paper. [procedure] 3. Pour some water into the basin 4. Group 1 metal is take out from paraffin oil using forceps 5. A small piece of group 1 element is cut using a small knife 6. Oil on group 1 element is dried using a filter paper 7. The group 1 element is placed in the basin contain water. 8. Dip a red litmus paper into water [observation] 9. Color of red litmus paper turn to blue [chemical equation ] Sample answer 2 Na + 2 H2O 2NaOH + H2 Chemical formulae Balance equation
12 (a)(i)
Sub 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Max 5 1
Total
(ii)
(b) (c)
1 1 Total
20
No
Explanation
Total
13. (a)
(b)
Glucose // naphthalene // any solid covalent compound covalent Intermolecular forces are weak Small amount of heat energy needed to overcomes the forces X = 2.1 X = 2.2 Y = 2.7 // Y = 2.6 // 1. Suitable electron aranggement 2. Ionic bond 3. to achieve octet electron arrangement + 4. One atom of X donates 1 electron to form ion X 5. One atom of Y receives an electron to form ion Y + 6. Ion X and ion Y are attracted together by the strong electrostatic forces material and apparatus; compound XY, Carbon electrode, cell, wire, crucible, bulb/ammeter/galvanometer
1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1
(c)
12
Procedure A crucible is half fill with solid XY powder Dipped two carbon electrode Connect the electrodes with connecting wire to the battery and bulb Observed whether bulb glow Heated the solid XY in the crucible Observed whether bulb glow Observation Solid XY - bulb does not glow Molten XY - bulb glow Diagram
1 1 1 1 1
1 1 Functional diagram Labeled TOTAL

SET 1:CHEMICAL FORMULAE AND EQUATIONS
20
Question No 1
Mark scheme Molar mass is the mass of a substance that contains one mole of the substance. Example : Molar mass of one mole of magnesium is 24gmol -1 . Substance N2 CO2 H2S H2O Molar mass / gmol-1 14x2 = 28 12+2(16) = 44 2(1)+ 32 = 34 2(1)+16 = 18 1 4 1
Mark
(a)
(b)
(c)
Mole of water Number of molecules
= 0.9/ 18 = 0.05 = 0.05 x 6.02 x 1023 = 0.3 x 1023 // 3 x 1022 1 1 1
Mole of carbon dioxide = 2.2 / 44 = 0.05
13
Number of molecules
= 0.05 x 6.02 x 1023 = 0.3 x 1023 // 3 x 1022
Number of molecule is simmilar
(a)
(i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
Volume CO2 = 0.1 mol x 24dm3mol-1 = 2.4 dm3 Mass of CO2 = 0.1 mol x 44 gmol-1 = 4.4 g
1 1 1 1+1 times until a
Number of molecules = 0.1 mol x 6.02 x 1023 = 6.02 x 1022 x 3 = 1.806 x 1023 Heating, cooling and weighing processes are repeated a few constant mass is obtained. Number of atoms Compound Mass/g Number of moles Ratio of moles Simplest ratio of moles Anhydrous CoCl2 (34.10-31.50)g = 2.60 g 2.60/130 = 0.02 0.02/0.02 = 1 1 H2O (36.26-34.10)g = 2.16 g 2.16/18 = 0.12 0.12/0.02 = 6 6
(b)
(i) (ii)
1 mole of CoCl2 combines with 6 moles of H2O Therefore, the molecular formula of hydrated cobalt(II) chloride crystal is CoCl2.6H2O. Hence, the value of x in CoCl2.xH2O is 6.
(iii)
Percentage of water 1 =
6(18) x 100% 59 2(35.5) 6(18)

= 45.4% 1
= 108 x 100% 238
Total 10
(a)
(i) (ii) (iii)
concentrated sulphuric acid zink and hydrochloric acid[ any suitable metal and acid ] Zn + 2HCl ZnCl2 + H2
1 1
(b)
(i)
Mole of oxygen = 46.35 - 45.15 16 = 1.2 = 0.075 16
14
(ii)
Mole of copper = 45.15 - 40.35 64 = 4.8 = 0.075 64 Empirical formula = CuO Collect the hydrogen gas in a test tube Put a burning wooden splinter at the mouth of the test tube No pop sound produced. To avoid the hot copper react with oxygen/air Repeat heating, cooling and weighing processes until a constant mass obtained. Total
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11
(iii) (c) (i)
(ii) (iii)
(a) (b)
(i) (ii) (i)
Pb(NO3)2 AgCl Pb2+ + 2 Cl- PbCl2 Correct formula for reactants and product Balance ionic equation
1 1 1+1
(ii)
Qualitative aspect : Lead(II) nitrate and sodium chloride are the reactants and lead (II) chloride and sodium nitrate are the products // Lead(II) nitrate solution reacts with sodium chloride solution to form lead(II) chloride precipitate and sodium nitrate solution. Quantitative aspect : One mole of lead(II) nitrate reacts with 2 mole sodium chloride to produce 1 mole of lead(II) chloride and 2 mole of sodium nitrate.
1 1
(c)
(i)
2 Pb(NO3)2 2 PbO + 4NO2 + O2
Compound
Colour of the residue when hot Brown
Colour of the residue when cold Yellow 1
PbO
Gases NO2 O2
Colour of the gas released Brown Colourless Total 1 1 10
15
No
Explanation (a) (i) (ii) (i) Al , Pb Aluminium oxide Lead(IV) oxide (CH2O)n = 60 12n + 2n + 16n = 60 n= 2 Molecular formula = C2H4O2//CH3COOH CaCO3 + 2CH3COOH 1.Green solid turn Black 2. Lime water becomes cloudy CuCO3 CuO + CO2 (CH3COO)2Ca + H2O + CO2
3+ 4+
Mark 1+ 1 1+1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1+1 1 1
(b)
(ii) (c) (i)
(ii)
(iii) 1. 1 mol of copper(II) carbonate decomposed into 1 mol of copper(II) oxide and 1 mol of carbon dioxide 2. copper(II) carbonate is in solid state, copper(II) oxide is in solid state and carbon dioxide is in gaseous state (iv) 1. No. of mole for CuCO3 = 12.4 / 124 = 0.1 mol 2. 1 mol of CuCO3 produces 1 mol of CuO Therefor No. of mole for CuO = 0.1 mol 3. Mass of CuO = 0.1 mol X 80 g mol-1 = 8 g Mass of oxygen is 0.8g Simplest mol ratio : Cu : O = 3.2/64 : 0.8/16 = 1 : 1
1 1 1 1 1 20
(v)
Mark
(a)
6
(i) (ii)
Empirical formula of a compound is a formula that shows the simplest whole number ratio of each atoms of each element in a compound. (ii) Substance C10H8 H2SO4 Empirical formula C5H4 H2SO4
1 1
16
(b)
Element Percentage (%) Mass/ g Mole Carbon 62.07 62.07 62.07/12 = 5.17 5.17/1.72 =3 Hydrogen 10.34 10.34 10.34/1 = 10.34 10.34/1.72 = 6 Oxygen 27.59 27.59 27.59/16 = 1.72 1.72/1.72 =1
Simplest mole ratio
Empirical formula = C3H6O n [C3H6O ] = 116 [ 3(12) + 6(1) + 16 ] n = 116 58 n = 116 n= 2 Molecular formula = C6H12O2 1
1 1
(c)
Procedure : 1. Clean magnesium ribbon with sand paper. 2.Weigh crucible and its lid. 3. Put magnesium ribbon into the crucible and weigh the crucible with its lid. 4. Heat strongly the crucible without its lid. 5. Cover the crucible when the magnesium starts to burn and lift/raise the lid a little at intervals. 6. Remove the lid when the magnesium burnt completely. 7.Heat strongly the crucible for a few minutes. 8.Cool and weigh the crucible with its lid and the content. 9. Repeat the processes of heating, cooling and weighing until a constant mass is obtained. 10.Record all the mass. 10 Tabulation of result : Description Crucible + lid Crucible + lid + magnesium Crucible + lid + magnesium oxide Element Mass / g Mole Simplest ratio of mole Empirical formula = Magnesium b-a b-a/ 24 x Mass/ g a b c Oxygen c-b c-b / 16 y
1 1 1
MgxOy
Max 11 Total 20
17
No
7. (a)
Sub
1. Empirical formula is the chemical formula that shows the simplest ratio of 2. 3.
atoms of each element in the compound. Molecular formula is the formula that shows the actual number of atoms of each element in the compound. Example : empirical formula of ethene is CH2 and the molecular formula is C2H4 1 1 1 3
(b)(i)
Element Percentage Number of moles Ratio of moles
Carbon 40.00
40 12
Hydrogen 6.66
6.66 1
Oxygen 53.33
53.33 16
3.33
1
6.66
2
3.33
(ii)
Empirical formula is CH2O n(CH2O) = 180 12n + 2n + 16n = 180 30n = 180 n=6 molecular formula = C6H12O6
1 1
(c)(i) (ii) (iii)
Magnesium is more reactive than hydrogen//Position of magnesium is above hydrogen in the reactivity series Lead(II) oxide / Stanum oxide / iron oxide / copper(II) oxide
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
10.
Clean [5 15] cm magnesium ribbon with sandpaper and coil it. Weigh an empty crucible with its lid. Place the magnesium in the crucible and weigh again. Record the reading. Heat the crucible very strongly. Open and close the lid very quickly. When burning is complete stop the heating Let the crucible cool and then weigh it again The heating, cooling and weighing process is repeated until a constant mass is recorded. Description Mass(g) 10
Crucible + lid Crucible + lid + Mg / Zn / Al Crucible + lid + MgO / ZnO / Al2O3
Total
20
18
SET 2 :ELECTROCHEMISTRY
Question No 1(a) (b) (c) (d)(i) (ii) (e)
Mark scheme Electrical to chemical energy / Tenaga elektrik kepada tenaga kimia Pure copper / Kuprum tulen Cu2+ and H+ Become thicker / brown solid formed Bertambah tebal / pepejal perang terbentuk Cu2+ + 2e Cu Blue solution remain unchanged // the intensity of blue solution is the same. Larutan biru tidak berubah // keamatan warna biru larutan adalah sama. (i) the concentration of Cu2+ ions remains the same. kepekatan ion kuprum(II) tidak berubah (ii) the rate of ionized copper at the anode same as the rate of discharged copper(II) ion at the cathode . kadar pengionan kuprum di anode sama dengan kadar ion kuprum(II) dinyahcaskan di katod Oxidation / pengoksidaan Copper atom released electron to form copper(II) ion. Atom kuprum menderMarkan / membebaskan elektron menghasilkan ion kuprum(II). Electroplating of metal // extraction of metal Penyaduran logam // pengekstrakan logam Total
Mark 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 11
(f)
(g)
2(a)(i) (ii) (iii) (b)(i)
Chloride ion / Cl-, hydroxide ion / OH-, sodium ion / Na+ and hydrogen ion / H+ Ion klorida / Cl-, ion hidroksida /OH-, ion natrium , Na+ dan ion hidrogen / H+ Cl-. The concentration of chloride ion is higher than hydroxide ion. Cl-. Kepekatan ion klorida lebih tinggi daripada ion hidroksida 2Cl- Cl2 + 2e
1 1+1 1
Hydrogen gas Gas hidrogen Sodium sulphate solution Larutan natrium sulfat
Functional 1 Label - 1
A
Oxygen gas Gas oksigen
Carbon electrodes Elektrod karbon

1 1 1 1
(ii)
(iii)
place lighted splinter at the mouth of the test tube containing hydrogen gas pop sound produced Letakkan kayu uji menyala ke dalam tabung uji berisi gas hydrogen Bunyi pop terhasil Sodium ion and hydrogen ions move to the cathode, hydrogen ion is selectively discharged hydrogen ion is lower than sodium ion in the Electrochemical Series. Ion natrium dan ion hydrogen bergerak / tertarik ke katod, ion hidrogen terpilih untuk nyahcas / discas Ion hidrogen terletak di bawah ion natrium dalam Siri Elektrokimia Total
1 1
11
19
Question Mark scheme No 3(a) Cu2+ , H+ (b) Carbon electrode which connect to copper electrode in cell A. Because oxidation takes place Elektrod karbon yang disambung kepada elektrod kuprum dalam sell A Kerana proses pengoksidaan berlaku (c)(i) X silver electrode / elektrod argentum Y impure silver electrode / elektrod argentum tak tulen (ii) Ag+ + e Ag (d)(i) - The electrode become thinner - Silver atom ionized / silver atom oxidized to form silver ion - elektrod seMarkin nipis - atom argentum mengion / atom argentum dioksidakan membentuk argentum ion. (ii) Y : Ag Ag+ + e Z : Ag+ + e Ag (e) The waste chemicals emitted contain poisonous heavy metal ions and cyanide ions / alter the pH of water. Bahan buangan kimia dibebaskan mengandungi logam berat yang beracun dan sianid / mengubah nilai pH air
Mark 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1
11
Question Mark scheme No 4(a)(i) Lead(II) ion// Pb2+, bromide ion// BrIon plumbum(II)// Pb2+, ion bromida// Br(ii) Sodium ion // Na+, hydrogen ion// H+, sulphate ion// SO42-, hydroxide ion//OHion natrium // Na+, ion hidrogen// H+, ion sulfat // SO42-, ion hidroksida //OH(b)(i) Lead / Plumbum (ii) (iii) (c)(i) (ii) Pb2+ + 2e Pb Brown gas / Gas berwarna perang hydroxide ion / ion hidroksida Anode : Oxygen gas anod : Gas oksigen Cathode : hydrogen gas Katod : gas hidrogen Sodium nitrate solution // sulphuric acid Larutan natrium nitrat // asid sulfurik (Any suitable electrolyte)
Mark 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
(iii)
1 9
20
5(a)
Rubric (i) Q, R, S , Cu (ii) positive terminal : Cu Potential difference : 0.7 V S is higher than Cu in the Electrochemical Series
(b)
(i) positive terminal : copper / Cu Negative terminal : Metal P (ii) metal P : Zinc / Zn // Magnesium/Mg (any suitable metal) Solution Q : Zinc sulphate // magnesium sulphate (any suitable electrolyte)
Mark 1 . 1 1 1 1 ..... 3 1 1 1 1 ..... 4 1 1 .. 2 1 1 .. 2
(c)
(i) anode : greenish yellow gas cathode : colourless gas (bubbles) (ii) gas X : hydrogen gas Y : chlorine (iii) Anode Hydroxide ion/OHChloride ion/ClClConcentration Cl- higher than OH2Cl- Cl2 + 2e Cathode Hydrogen ion/H+ , Potassium ion/K+ H+ Position of hydrogen ion/H+ is lower than potassium ion/K+ in the Electrochemical Series. 2H+ + 2e H2
Ions move to / ion attracted to Ions selectively discharged Reason
1+1 1+1
1+1
Half equation
1+1 . 8 20 Mark 1 1 .. 2 1 1 1 .. 3 1 1 .. 2 1 1 .. 2 1 1
Total Question Mark scheme No 6(a) (i) Substance R : Glucose / ethanol (any suitable covalent compound) Substance S : Sodium chloride solution ( any salt solution / acid / alkali) (ii) 1. S conducts electricity but R does not 2. S has free moving ions // ions free to move 3. R consists of molecules / no free moving ions (b) (i) negative terminal : zinc positive terminal : copper (ii) 1. zinc electrode become thinner 2. Zn Zn2+ + 2e (iii) 1. the potential difference decreases 2. iron is lower than zinc in the Electrochemical Series // iron is less electropositive than zinc // distance between iron and
21
(c)
copper is shorter than distance between zinc and copper in the Electrochemical Series (i) Sample answer Lead(II) bromide / lead(II) iodide /sodium chloride/sodium iodide (any suitable ionic compound) r : substance that decompose when heated. Example : lead(II) nitrate, lead(II) carbonate (ii)
.. 2 1
PbI2 // PbBr2 // NaCl
Carbon electrodes Elektrod karbon
Diagram: Functional Label Observation: Anode : brown gas Cathode: grey solid
Heat Panaskan
1 1
Note : Observations and half-equations are based on the substance suggested.
Half equation: Anode : 2Br- Br2 + 2e Cathode : Pb2+ + 2e Pb Product: Anode : lead Cathode : bromine gas Total Question No 7(a) Sample answer Silver nitrate solution Mark scheme
1 1 1 1 1 1 .. 8 20 Mark
Silver Iron spoon

Functional 1 Label - 1 Anode : Ag Ag+ + e Cathode : Ag+ + e Ag (b) 1. metal X is more electropositive than copper // X is higher than copper in the Electrochemical Series
Silver nitrate solution 1 1 1 1 .. 5 1
22
(c)
2. atom X oxidises to X ion // atom X releases electron 3. copper(II) ion accepts electron to form copper 4. the concentration of copper(II) ion decreases 5. metal Y is less electropositive than copper // Y is lower than copper in the Electrochemical Series Material 0.5 mol dm-3 of P nitrate, Q nitrate, R nitrate, S nitrate solutions, metal P, Q, R and S Apparatus Test tube, test tube rack, sand paper Procedure 1. Clean the metal strips with sand paper 2. Pour 5 cm3 of P nitrate solution , R nitrate solution , S nitrate solution into different test tubes. 3. Place a strip of metal P into each test tube 4. Record the observation after 5 minutes 5. Repeat steps 2 to 4 using strip of metal Q, R and S to replace metal P. Observation Metal P Q R S
1 1 1 1 .. 5
1 1 1 1 1 1
Metal ion P / / /
Metal ion Q X / /
Metal ion R X X /
Metal ion S X X X
1 1
Conclusion The electropositivity of metals increases in the order of P,Q,R,S
1 ..10 TOTAL 20
SET 2 :OXIDATION AND REDUCTION
Question No 1
Mark scheme (a) (b) ( c) To allow the flow / movement / transfer of ions through it chemical energy to electrical energy mark at electrodes Cell 1 Cell 2 Positive Negative Positive Negative electrode electrode electrode electrode Q P R S
Mark 1 1 1
(d)(i) magnesium more electropositive than copper // above copper in the Electrochemical Series (ii) blue becomes paler / colourless Concentration / number of Cu2+ ion decreases (iii) Mg Mg2+ + 2e (iv) Oxidation (e)(i) copper become thicker // brown solid deposited (ii) zinc (iii) zinc undergoes oxidation // zinc atom release electron to form zinc ion
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11
23
Question No 2(a) (b)
Mark scheme A reaction which involves oxidation and reduction occur at the same time (i) green to yellow/brown (ii) oxidation (iii) Fe2+ Fe3+ + e (iv) 0 (i) magnesium (ii) Mg +Fe2+ Mg2+ + Fe (iii) +2 to 0 1. label for iron, water and oxygen 2. ionization of iron in the water droplet (at anode) 3. flow of electron in the iron to the edge of water droplet Water droplet O2
Mark 1 1 1
(c)
(d)
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
e e 2+ Fe Fe +2e
Iron
11 3 (a) Reaction A : not a redox reaction Reaction B : a redox reaction Reaction A: No change in oxidation number Reaction B: Oxidation number of magnesium changes/increases from 0 to +2 // Oxidation number of zinc changes/decreases from +2 to 0 (b) (i) Oxidation number of copper in compound P is + 2 Oxidation number of copper in compound Q is + 1 Compound P : Copper(II) oxide Compound Q : Copper(I) oxide Oxidation number of copper in compound P is +2 Oxidation number of copper in compound P is +1 1 1 1
1.....4 1 1.....2 1 1 1 1.....4 1 1 1 1.....4 1 1 1 1.....3
(ii)
(iii)
Substance that is oxidised Substance that is reduced Oxidizing agent Reducing agent
: H2 : CuO : CuO : H2
(c)
(i)
X, Z, Y Y : Copper Z : Lead X : Magnesium
24
2Mg + O2 2MgO // 2X + O2 2XO [Correct formulae of reactants and product] [Balanced equation] TOTAL 1 1.....2 20
(a)
(i)
Iron(II) ion releases / loses one electron and is oxidised to iron(III) ion// Oxidation number of iron in iron(II) ion increases from +2 to +3. Iron(II) ion undergoes oxidation, Iron(II) ion acts as a reducing agent (ii) Iron(II) ion receives/ gain one electron and is reduced to iron.// Oxidization number of iron in iron(II) iron decreases from +2 to 0. iron(II) ion undergoes reduction, Iron(II) ion acts as an oxidising agent
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
(b)
Mg Mg 2 2e Oxidation number of magnesium increases from 0 to +2 magnesium undergoes oxidation Cu 2 2e Cu oxidation number of copper in copper(II) ion decreases from +2 to 0 copper(II) ion undergoes reduction
At the negative terminal: Iron(II) ion release / lose one electron and is oxidised to iron(III) ion. Fe2+ Fe3+ + e The green coloured solution of iron(II) sulphate turns brown. Fe2+ act as a reducing agent.
(c)
At the positive terminal: Bromine molecules accepts electrons and is reduced to bromide ions, BrBr2 + 2e 2BrThe brown colour of bromine water turns colourless. Bromine acts as an oxidising agent
1 1 1 1 1 20
Question No 5 (a)
1. 2.
Mark scheme Mg/Al/Fe/Pb/Zn
Mark 1 1 1 1
Magnesium undergoes oxidation as oxidation number of magnesium increases from 0 to +2 and 3. Copper (II) oxide undergoes reduction as oxidation number of copper in copper(II) oxide decreases from +2 to 0 4. Oxidation and reduction occur at the same time. (b) Experiment I
1. 2.
Fe2+ ion present Metal X lower than iron in the Electrochemical Series // Metal X is less electropositive than iron 3. Iron atoms releases electrons to form iron(II) ions
1 1 1
25
Experiment II 1. OH ion present 2. Metal Y higher than iron in the Electrochemical Series // Metal Y is more electropositive than iron n+ 3. Atom Y releases electrons to form Y ions 4. Water and oxygen gain electron to form OH ion // 2H2O + O2 + 4e 4OH (c) Procedure
1 1 1 1 Max 3
1. One spatula of copper(II)oxide powder and one spatula of carbon powder is

placed into a crucible 2. The crucible and its content are heated strongly 3. The reaction and the changes that occur are observed 4. Steps 1 to 3 are repeated by replacing copper(II)oxide powder with zinc oxide powder and magnesium oxide powder. Observation Mixture Carbon and copper(II)oxide Carbon and zinc oxide Carbon and magnesium oxide Observation The mixture burns brightly. The black powder turns brown The mixture glows dimly. The white powder turns grey. No Changes
1 1 1 1
1+1
Explanation Carbon can react with copper(II)oxide and zinc oxide Carbon more reactive than copper and zinc / carbon is above copper and zinc in the Reactivity Series Carbon cannot react with magnesium oxide Carbon less reactive than magnesium / carbon is below magnesium in the Reactivity Series
1 1 1 1
20 6 Sample answer (a) Magnesium/Aluminium/zinc/iron/lead Magnesium dissolve//The blue colour of copper(II)sulphate solution become paler // brown solid deposited MgMg2+ + 2e Cu2+ + 2e Cu Oxidising agent- Cu2+ ion / copper(II) sulphate Reducing agent- Mg 1 1 1 1 1 1..6
(b) sample answer Pb(NO3)2 + 2KI Pbl2 + 2KNO3 1
Oxidation number:
+2 +5
-2
+1
-1
+2 -1
+1 +5 -2
26
no changes of oxidation number of all elements in the compounds of reactants and products. Neutralization (c ) sample answer
1 1...4
[Material : Any suitable oxidizing agent (example : acidified potassium manganate(VII) solution, acidified potassium dichromate(VI) solution, chlorine water, bromine water), any suitable reducing agent (example : potassium iodide solution, iron(II) sulphate solution) and any suitable electrolyte] 1 [ Apparatus : U-tube , carbon electrodes , connecting wires and galvanometer] 1 Diagram Functional Labelled Procedure 1 Sulphuric acid is added into a U-tube until 1/3 full 2 Bromine water is added into one end of the U-tube while potassium iodide solution is added into the other end of the U-tube 3 carefully 4 Two carbon electrodes connected by connecting wires to a galvanometer are dipped into the two solution at the two ends of the U-tube. Observation The colour of bromine water change from brown to colourless// The colour of potassium iodide solution change from colourless to yellow/brown// The needle of the galvanometer is deflected Oxidation reaction : Br2 + 2e 2BrReduction reaction: 2I- I2 + 2e
1 1
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 Max : 10 20
27
SET 3 :ACIDS, BASES AND SALTS

Question No 1 (a)(i) (ii) (b)(i) (ii) (c)
Mark scheme Propanone / Methylbenzene / [any suitable organic solvent] Water Molecule Ion 1. Beaker A : No observable change Beaker B : Gas bubbles released 2. H+ ion does not present in beaker A but H+ ion present in beaker B // Hydrogen chloride in beaker A does not show acidic properties but hydrogen chloride in beaker B shows acidic properties 1. Correct formula of reactants and products 2. Balanced equation Mg + 2HCl MgCl2 + H2
Mark
1 1 1 1
1 1
(d)(i)
1 1
(ii)
1. Mole of HCl 2. Mole ratio 3. Answer with correct unit Mole HCl = // 0.005
1 1 1
2 mol HCl reacts with 1 mol Mg 0.005 moles HCl reacts with 0.0025 moles Mg Mass Mg = 0.0025 x 24 // 0.06 g TOTAL Question Mark scheme No 2 (a)(i) Substance that ionize / dissociate in water to produce H + ion (ii) (iii) (iv) 3
10
Mark
1 1
1 1 1 1
1. Concentration of acid / H+ ion in Set II is lower than Set I 2. The lower the concentration of H+ ion the higher the pH value 1. Ethanoic acid is weak acid while hydrochloric acid is strong acid 2. Ethanoic acid ionises partially in water to produce low concentration of H+ ion
while 3. hydrochloric acid ionises completely in water to produce high concentration of H + ion
1 1 1
(b)(i)
1. The pH value of sodium hydroxide in volumetric flask B is lower than A 2. Concentration of sodium hydroxide / OH- ion in volumetric flask B is lower than A
28
(ii)
1. Mole of NaOH 2. Mass of NaOH with correct unit

Mole NaOH = // 0.005
1 1
Mass NaOH = 0.005 x 40 g // 0.2 g (iii) 0.01 x V = 0.002 x 100 // 20 cm3 TOTAL Question No 3 (a) Pink to colourless (b) (c)(i) (ii) Potassium nitrate HNO3 + KOH KNO3 + H2O Mark scheme
10
Mark 1 1 1 1 1 1
1. Mole of HNO3 // Substitution 2. Mole ratio 3. Concentration of KOH with

Mole HNO3 = // 0.01
0.01 mole HNO3 reacts with 0.01 mole KOH

Molarity KOH = (d)(i) (ii) 10 cm3 mol dm-3 // 0.4 mol dm-3
1
1
+
1. Sulphuric acid is diprotic acid but nitric acid is monoprotic acid // 1 mole of
sulphuric acid produce 2 moles of H ion but 1 mole of nitric acid produce 1 mole of H+ ion 2. Concentration of H+ ion in sulphuric acid is double compare to nitric acid 3. Volume of sulphuric acid needed is half TOTAL
1 1
10
Mark 1 1 1 1 1
Question Mark scheme No 4 (a) Ionic compound formed when H+ ion from an acid is replaced by a metal ion or ammonium ion (b) (c) (d)(i) Pb(NO3)2 To ensure all the nitric acid reacts completely 1. Correct formula of reactants and products 2. Balanced equation 2H+ + PbO Pb2+ + H2O
29
(ii)
1. Mole of acid 2. Mole ratio 3. Answer with correct unit Mole HNO3 = // 0.05
1 1 1
0.05 moles HNO3 produce 0.025 moles salt G Mass of salt G = 0.025 x 331 g // 8.275 g (e) 1. Add 2 cm3 dilute sulphuric acid followed by 2 cm3 of Iron(II) sulphate solution Slowly add concentrated sulphuric acid by slanted the test tube. Then turn it upright. 2. Brown ring is formed. TOTAL Mark scheme 1 1
Question No 5 (a)(i) Salt W : Copper(II) carbonate Solid X : Copper(II) oxide (ii)
Mark 1 1 1 1
1. Flow gas into lime water 2. Lime water turns cloudy / chalky 3.
Neutralisation 1. Correct formula of reactants and products 2. Balanced equation CuO + 2HCl CuCl2 + H2O
(iii) (iv)
1 1
(b) (c)(i) (ii)
Cation : Cu ion // copper(II) ion Anion : Cl- ion // chloride ion Ag+ + Cl AgCl
2+
1 1
1 1
TOTAL
Double decomposition reaction
Question No 6 (a)(i) Green (ii) (b)(i) (ii) (iii) Double decomposition reaction Carbon dioxide CuCO3 CuO + CO2
Mark scheme
Mark 1 1 1 1 1 1
1. Functional apparatus 2. Label Copper(II) carbonate
Heat
(c)(i) Sulphuric acid // H2SO4
Lime water
1
30
(ii)
1. Mole of CuCO3 2. Mole ratio 3. Answer with correct unit Mole CuCO3 = // 0.1
1 1 1
0.1 moles CuCO3 produces 0.1 mole CuO

Mass CuO = 0.1 x 80 g // 8 g TOTAL 7 (a)
1. Vinegar 2. Wasp sting is alkali 3. Vinegar can neutralize wasp sting 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 1. 2. 3. 4.

Water is present in test tube X but in test tube Y there is no water. Water helps ammonia to ionise // ammonia ionise in water OH- ion present OH- ion causes ammonia to show its alkaline properties Without water ammonia exist as molecule // without water OH- ion does not present When OH- ion does not present, ammonia cannot show its alkaline properties Sulphuric acid is a diprotic acid but nitric acid is a monoprotic acid 1 mole of sulphuric acid ionize in water to produce two moles of H+ ion but 1 mole of nitric acid ionize in water to produce one mole of H+ ion The concentration of H+ ion in sulphuric acid is double / higher The higher the concentration of H+ ion the lower the pH value
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
(b)
(c)
(d)(i)
1. Mole of KOH 2. Molarity of KOH and correct unit

Mole KOH = Molarity = // 0.25 mol dm-3 // 1 mol dm-3
(ii)
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Correct formula of reactants Correct formula of products Mole of KOH // Substitution Mole ratio Answer with correct unit KCl // 0.025 + H2O
1 1 1 1 1
HCl + KOH Mole KOH =
0.025 mole KOH produce 0.025 mole KCl Mass KCl = 0.025 x 74.5 g // 1.86 g TOTAL
20
31
Question No 8 (a)(i) (ii)
Mark scheme
Mark 1 1 1+1 1+1 1 1 1 1 1+1 1 1 1 1
1. PbCl2 2. Double decomposition reaction

Copper (II) chloride : Copper(II) oxide / copper(II) carbonate , Hydrochloric acid Lead (II) chloride : Lead (II) nitrate solution , sodium chloride solution ( any solution that contains Cl- ion) S = zinc nitrate T = zinc oxide U = nitrogen dioxide W = oxygen 2Zn(NO3)2 2ZnO + 4NO2 + O2
(b)(i)
1. 2. 3. 4.
(ii) (c)(i)
1. Both axes are label and have correct unit 2. Scale and size of graph is more than half of graph paper 3. All points are transferred correctly
(ii)
5
(iii) Mole Ba2+ ion = Mole SO4 2- ion = Ba2+ ion : SO4 2- ion 0.0025 : 0.0025 // 1 : 1 (iv) Ba
2+
// 0.0025 // 0.0025
SO42-
BaSO4 TOTAL
1 1
20
Mark 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Question Mark scheme No 9 (a) 1. HCl // HNO3 2. 1 mole acid ionises in water to produce 1 mole of H+ ion 3. H2SO4 4. 1 mole acid ionises in water to produce 2 moles of H+ ion (b) 1. Sodium hydroxide is a strong alkali 2. Ammonia is a weak alkali 3. Sodium hydroxide ionises completely in water to produce high concentration of OH ion 4. Ammonia ionises partially in water to produce low concentration of OH - ion 5. Concentration of OH- ion in sodium hydroxide is higher than in ammonia 6. The higher the concentration of OH- ion the higher the pH value
32
(c)
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
Volumetric flask used is 250 cm3 Mass of potassium hydroxide needed = 0.25 X 56 = 14 g Weigh 14 g of KOH in a beaker Add water Stir until all KOH dissolve Pour the solution into volumetric flask Rinse beaker, glass rod and filter funnel. Add water when near the graduation mark, add water drop by drop until meniscus reaches the graduation mark 10. stopper the volumetric flask and shake the solution TOTAL
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
20
Mark 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 20
Question Mark scheme No 10 (a)(i) Substance C : Glacial ethanoic acid Solvent D : Propanone [ or any organic solvent] (ii) Solution E 1. Ethanoic acid ionises in water 2. Can conduct electricity because presence of freely moving ions 3. blue litmus paper turns to red because of H+ ions is present Solution F 4. Ethanoic acid exist as molecules 5. Cannot conduct electricity because no freely moving ion 6. Cannot change the colour of blue litmus paper because no H+ ion
(b)
1. Measure and pour [20-100 cm3] of [0.1-2.0 mol dm-3]zinc nitrate solution into a
beaker 2. Add [20-100 cm3] of [0.1-2.0 mol dm-3]sodium carbonate solution 3. Stir the mixture and filter 4. Rinse the residue with distilled water 5. Zn(NO3)2 + Na2CO3ZnCO3 + 2NaNO3 6. Measure and pour [20-100cm3]of [0.1-1.0mol dm-3]sulphuric acid into a beaker 7. Add the residue/ zinc carbonate into the acid until in excess 8. Stir the mixture and filter 9. Heat the filtrate until saturated / 1/3 of original volume 10. Cool the solution and filter 11. Dry the crystal by pressing between two filter papers 12. ZnCO3 + H2SO4 ZnSO4 + H2O + CO2 TOTAL
33
SET 3 :RATE OF REACTION

Question No 1(a)(i) (ii)
Mark scheme Set II Able to draw the graph with these criterion: 1 Labelled axis with correct unit 2. Uniform scale for X and Y axis & size of the graph is at least half of the graph paper 3. All points are transferred correctly 4. Curve is smooth. Set I : 1.Tangen shown in graph correctly 2.Rate of reaction = 0.19 cm3s-1 ( +- 0.05) Set II : 1.Tangen shown in graph correctly 2.Rate of reaction = 0.23 cm3s-1 (+- 0.05)
Mark
1 1 1 1 1 1
(b)(i)
1 1 1 1
(ii)
Add catalyst Increase the temperature Use smaller size/ metal powder Increases the concentration of acid// Double the concentration of acid but half volume [Any two] Mark scheme 1. Correct formulae of reactants and product 2. Balanced equation CaCO3+ 2HNO3 Ca(NO3) 2+ CO2 + H2O Functional diagram Label
Question No 2 (a)
Mark 1 1
(b)
1 1
Nitric acid
Water
Calcium carbonate
(c)
1. Mole of nitric acid 2. Mole ratio 3. Answer with correct unit Number of moles of HNO 3 = 0.2 X 50 = 0.01 mol // 1000 2 mol of HNO3 produce 1 mol of CO2 0.01 mol of HNO3 produce 0.005 mol of CO2
1 1 1
34
Maximum volume of CO2 = 0.005 x 24 = 0.12 dm3 // 120 cm3 (d) Experiment I = 0.12 X 1000 // 0.2 cm3 s-1 // 10 X 60 //0.12 //0.012 dm3 min-1 10 1
(e)(i) (ii)
Experiment II = 0.12 X 1000 // 0.4 cm3 s-1 // 5 X 60 // 0.12 // 0.024 dm3 min-1 5 Rate of reaction in Experiment II is higher than I - The size of calcium carbonate in Experiment II is smaller than Experiment I // calcium carbonate powder in Experiment II has a larger total surface area exposed to collision than Experiment I. - The frequency of collision between between calcium carbonate and hydrogen ion in Experiment II is higher than Experiment I. - The frequency of effective collision s in Experiment II is higher than Experiment I
1 1
1 Question No 3 (a) (b)(i) (ii) Mark scheme -Total surface area of smaller pieces wood is larger/bigger/ greater than the bigger pieces of wood - More surface area exposed to air for burning 1. Experiment II 2. Present of catalyst /manganase(IV) oxide in Experiment I 1.Correct formulae of reactants and product 2.Balanced equation 2H2O2 (iii)
Energy
Mark 1 1 1 1 1 1
2H2O + O2
Ea 2H2O2 Ea 2 H2O + O2 1. Arrow upward with energy label ,two levels and position of reactant and
products are correct 2. Curve of Experiment I and experiment II are correct and label 3. Activation energy of experiment I and experiment II are shown and labelled (c)(i) 1.Correct formulae of reactants and product 2.Balanced equation Zn + 2HCl ZnCl2 + H2 (ii) No. of mol HCl = 50 X 0.5 // 0.025 1000 1 1 1 1
1 1
35
2 mol HCl 0.025 mol HCl
: 1 mol H2 : 0.0125 mol H2
1 1
Volume of H2 = 0.0125 x 24 // 0.3dm3 // 300 cm3 (iii)
1. Add excess zinc powder with 12.5 cm3 of 1 mol dm-3hydrochloric acid . 2. At the same temperature
OR
1 1
1. Add excess zinc powder with 25 cm3 of 0.5 mol dm-3hydrochloric acid 2. At the higher temperature //present of catalyst
(iv)
1 1 1 1 1 1 20
1. 2. 3. 4.
Rate of reaction using sulphuric acid is higher The concentration of H+ ion in sulphuric acid is higher Maximum volume of gas collected is double The number of mole of H+ ion in sulphuric acid is double
Question No 4 (a)
Mark scheme
Mark 1 1 1
1. Temperature in refrigerator is lower than in cabinet 2. The activity of microorganisme (bacteria) in refrigerator is lower than in
refrigerator
3. The amount of toxin produced in the refrigerator is less then in the kitchen
(b)(i)
1. 2. 3. 4.
Zn +
cabinet. Correct formula of reactants and products Mol of sulphuric acid Mole ratio Volume and ratio H2SO4 ------- ZnSO4 + H2 1 1 1 1
No. Of mol H2SO4 = 1 X 50/1000 // 0.05 1 mol of H2SO4 0.05 mol of H2SO4 : : 1 mol of H2 0.05 mol of H2
Volume of H2 = 0.05 x 24 dm3 //1.2 dm3 //0.05 x 24000//1200 cm3 (ii) = 1200 // 15 cm3 s-1 80 Experiment II = 1200 // 7.5 cm3 s-1 160 Experiment III = 600 // 2.5 cm3 s-1 240 Exp I and II 1.Rate of reaction of Expt I is higher 2.The size of zinc in Expt I is smaller 3.Total surface area of zinc in Expt I is bigger/larger 4.The frequency of collision between zinc atom and hydrogen ion/H+ in Expt I is higher 5. The frequency of effective collision in Exp I is higher Experiment I
1 1 1
(iii)
1 1 1 1 1
36
Exp II and III 1. Rate of reaction in Expt II is higher 2.The concentration of sulphuric acid/ H+ ion in Exp II is higher 3. The no. of H+ per unit volume in Expt II is higher/greater in Expt II// 4. The frequency of collision between zinc atom and H + in Expt II is higher 5. The frequency of effective collision in Expt II is higher
1 1 1 1 1
20
Question No 5.(a) (i) (ii) Mark scheme N2 + 3H2 ------- 2NH3 Temperature : 450 550 C Pressure : 200 300 atm Catalyst : Powdered iron// Iron filling [ Any two] (b)(i) Example of acid Sample answer : Hydrochloric acid / HCl// Sulphuric acid // Nitric acid Correct formula of reactant and product Balance Sample answer 2HCl + Mg MgCl2 + H2 1. Experiment I : 20 cm3 / 60 s // 0.33 cm3s-1 2. Experiment II : 20 cm3 / 50 s // 0.4 cm3s-1 (Catalyst) Experiment 1: 1.Pour /measure (50-100) cm3 of (0.1-2 mol dm-3 ) hydrochloric acid . 2.Add excess zinc powder/granules 3.Add a (2-5 cm3 ) of copper(II) sulphate solution 4.At the same temperature Experiment II : 1 1 1 Mark 1+1 1 1
(ii)
1 1
(iii)
1 1 1
1. Pour /measure (50-100) cm3 of (0.1-2 mol dm-3 ) hydrochloric acid . 2. Add excess zinc powder/granule 3. At the same temperature
OR (Temperature) Experiment 1: 1. Pour /measure (50-100) cm3 of (0.1-2 mol dm-3 ) hydrochloric acid 2. Heat acid to (30-80OC) 3. Add excess zinc powder/granule Experiment II :
3 -3
1 1 1
1 1 1
1. 2. 3.
Pour /measure (50-100) cm of (0.1-2 mol dm ) hydrochloric acid . Without heating Add excess zinc powder/granules OR
1 1 1
(Concentration) Experiment 1: 1.Pour /measure (50-100) cm3 of (0.2-2 mol dm-3 ) hydrochloric acid . 2. Add excess zinc powder/granules 3.At the same temperature
37
Experiment II :
1 1
1. Pour /measure (50-100) cm3 of (0.1-1 mol dm-3 ) hydrochloric acid . 2. Add excess zinc powder/granules 3. At the same temperature
OR (Size) Experiment 1: 1.Pour /measure (50-100) cm3 of (0.1-2 mol dm-3 ) hydrochloric acid . 2. Add excess zinc powder 3.At the same temperature Experiment II :
1 1 1 1 1 1
1. Pour /measure (50-100) cm of (0.1-2 mol dm ) hydrochloric acid . 2. Add excess zinc granule 3. At the same temperature
(iv) (Catalyst) 1.Catalyst/copper(II) sulphate is used in Experiment I 2. Catalyst/(copper(II) sulphate) lower activation energy (and provide an alternative path) 3. More colliding particles / ions are able to achieve that lower activation energy. 4.The frequency of effective collision between magnesium atoms and hydrogen ion increases. 5. The rate of reaction of Experiment I is higher. (Any 4) (Temperature) 1. Rate of reaction in Experiment I is higher. 2. The temperature of reaction in Experiment I is higher 3. The kinetic energy of particles increases in Experiment I // The particles move faster 4. Frequency of collision between magnesium atom and H+ ion in Experiment I is higher 5. Frequency of effective collision in Experiment I is higher (Any 4) (Concentration) 1. Rate of reaction in Experiment II is higher 2. The concentration of acid in Experiment I is higher 3. The number of hydrogen ion per unit volume in Experiment II is higher 4. Frequency of collision between magnesium atom and H+ ion in Experiment I is higher 5. Frequency of effective collision in Experiment II is higher (Any 4) (Size) 1.Rate of reaction in Experiment I is higher 2.The size of magnesium in Experiment I is smaller 3.Total surface area of magnesium in Experiment I is bigger/larger 4.The frequency of collision between magnesium atoms and hydrogen ions in Experiment I higher 5.The frequency of effective collision between in Experiment I is higher (Any 4) (v) The number of mol are same // The concentration and volume of acid are same
-3
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1
1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
38
Question No 6.(a) (i) (ii)
Mark scheme 1. First minute = 24/60 =0.4 cm3 s-1 // 24 cm3 min-1 2. 2 nd minute = 34-24/60 =0.167 cm3 s-1 // 10 cm3 min-1 3. rate in 1 st minute higher than 2 nd minute (vice versa) 4. concentration of sulphuric acid / mass of zinc decreases All hydrogen ion from acid was completely reacts A catalyst lower activation energy provide an alternative path More colliding particles /zinc atoms and hydrogen ions are able to overcome the lower activation energy. The frequency of effective collisions between zinc atom and hydrogen ion in is higher. (any 2 ) - hydrogen and oxygen molecules collide - with correct orientation -total energy of particles higher or equal to activation /minimum energy (Temperature) Materials: 0.2 mol dm-3 sodium thiosulphate, 1.0 mol dm-3 sulphuric acid, a piece of white paper marked X at the centre. Apparatus: 150 cm3 conical flask, stopwatch, 50 cm3 measuring cylinder, 10 cm3 measuring cylinder, thermometer, Bunsen burner, wire gauze. Procedure: 1.Using a measuring cylinder, 50 cm of 0.2 mol dm sodium thiosulphate solution is measured and poured into a conical flask. 2.The conical flask is placed on top of a piece of white paper marked X at the centre. 3.5 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 sulphuric acid is measured using another measuring cylinder. 4.The sulphuric acid is poured immediately and carefully into the conical flask. At the same time, the stop watch is started 5.The mixture in a conical flask is swirled. 6.The X mark is observed vertically from the top of the conical flask through the solution. 7.The stopwatch is stopped once the X mark disappears from view.
3 -3
Mark 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
(iii) (iv)
(b)
1 1 1 1
1 8.Step 1 7 are repeated using 50 cm3 of 0.2 mol dm-3 sodium thiosulphate solution at 40oC, 50oC, 60 oC by heating the solution before 5 cm3 of sulphuric acid is added in. (Max 7) Conclusion When the temperature of sodium thiosulphate solution is higher , the rate of reaction is higher
39
(Temperature) Materials: 0.2 mol dm-3 sodium thiosulphate, 1.0 mol dm-3 sulphuric acid, water, a piece of white paper marked X at the centre. Apparatus: 150 cm3 conical flask, stopwatch, 50 cm3 measuring cylinder, 10 cm3 measuring cylinder, wire gauze. Procedure: 1.Using a measuring cylinder, 50 cm3 of 0.2 mol dm-3 sodium thiosulphate solution is measured and poured into a conical flask. 2.The conical flask is placed on top of a piece of white paper marked X at the centre. 3.5 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 sulphuric acid is measured using another measuring cylinder. 4.The sulphuric acid is poured immediately and carefully into the conical flask. At the same time, the stop watch is atarted 5.The mixture in a conical flask is swirled. 6.The X mark is observed vertically from the top of the conical flask through the solution. 7.The stopwatch is stopped once the X mark disappears from view. 8.Step 1 7 are repeated by adding 5 cm3, 10 cm3, 15 cm3, 20 cm3 and 40 cm3 of distilled water .(at the same time) maintaining the total volume of solution at 50 cm3 after dilution//table of dilution (Max 7) Conclusion When the temperature of sodium thiosulphate solution is higher , the rate of reaction is higher 1 1 1
SET 3 :THERMOCHEMISTRY
Question No 1 (a) (b) (c) (i) (ii) (iii) Mark scheme Heat change /released when 1 mol copper is displaced from copper (II) sulphate solution by zinc Blue to colourless 50 X 4.2 X 6 J // 1260 J (1.0 )(50) 1000 Mark
1 1 1 1 1
// 0.05
1260 -1 0.05 J // 25200 J mol
40
= - 25.2 kJ mol-1 (d) 1. Correct reactant and product 2. Correct two energy level for exothermic reaction 3. Correct value heat of displacement and unit Sample answer Energy Zn + CuSO4 //Zn + Cu2+ H = - 25.2 kJmol-1 ZnSO4 + Cu //Zn2+
1 1 1 1
+ Cu
(e)
(i) (ii)
3C Number of mole copper displaced is half Heat released is half / 1260 J // 630 J 2 TOTAL
1 1 1
12
Mark 1 1 1 1
Question No 2 (a) (b) (c) (d)
Mark scheme Heat of precipitation is the heat change when one mole of a precipitate is formed from its solution. To reduce heat loss to the surrounding. Reject : prevent Ag+ + Cl- AgCl The heat released =(50 + 50) x 4.2 x 3.5 =1470 J Number of moles of Ag+ = (50 x 0.5) = 0.025 mol 1000 Number of moles of Cl= (50 x 0.5) = 0.025 mol 1000 0.025 mole of Ag+ reacts with 0.025 mole of Cl- to form 0.025 mole of AgCl Number of moles of AgCl = 0.025 mol = x 1470 J =58 800 J Heat of precipitation of AgCl = -58.8 kJ mol-1 Ag+ + Cl-AgCl H = -58.8kJmol-1 // AgNO3 + NaCl AgCl + NaNO3 H = -58.8kJmol-1
(i)
(ii)
1 1 1 1 1
(iii)
(iv) (e) (i)
41
Energy Ag+ + Cl-
H = -58.8kJmol-1 (ii) AgCl 1. Label axes 2. Energy levels of reactants and products correct with formula of reactants and products 3. Heat of precipitation written Total Question No 3. (a) (i) (ii) Ethanol 1260 kJ of heat energy is released when one mole of ethanol is burnt completely in excess oxygen No of moles of alcohol = 0.23 / 46 = 0.005 mol 1 mol of alcohol burnt released 1260 kJ Thus, 0.005 mol of alcohol burnt released 6.3 kJ mc = 6.3 kJ mc = 6.3 x 1000 = 6300/ 200 x 4.2 = 7.5 0 C Heat is lost to the surrounding // Heat is absorbed by the apparatus or containers // Incomplete combustion of alcohol (i) Mark scheme 1 1 1
Mark 1 1
(i) (b)
(ii)
1 1
( c)
(d)
Energy
C2 H5 O H + 3 O2 H = - 1260 kJmol-1 2 CO2 + H2 O

1. Label axes 2. Energy levels of reactants and products correct with formula of reactants and products 3. Heat of combustion written 1 1 1
42
(ii)
1. Label 2. Functional (e) (i) (ii) - 2656 kJmol-1 // 2500-2700 kJmol-1 1. The molecular size/number of carbon atom per molecule propanol is bigger/higher methanol 2. Combustion of propanol produce more carbon dioxide and water molecules 3. More heat is released during formation of carbon dioxide and water molecules Total marks
1 1
1 1 1 1
Question No 4 (a) (i) Characteristic Change in temperature Type of chemical reaction Energy content of reactants and products
Mark scheme Diagram 4.1 Increase Exothermic reaction Diagram 4.2 Decrease Endothermic reaction
Mark
1 1
The total energy content of the reactants more than the energy content of the products
The total energy content of the reactants less than the energy content of the products
1+1
(ii)
Amount of Amount of heat absorbed Amount of heat absorbed for heat absorbed for the breaking of bond in the breaking of bond in the reactant is more than heat /realeased the reactant is less than heat released during released during formation of during breaking of formation of bond in the bond in the products products bonds Number of moles of FeSO4 = MV 1000 = (0.2)(50) = 0.01 mol 1000 Heat change = 0.01 x 200 kJ = 2 kJ // 2000 J Heat change = mc = 2000 (50)(4.2) = 9.5 oC
1+1
1 1
43
(b)
1. Number of mole of Ag+ ion in both experiment = 25 x 0.5 // 0.0125 mol 1000 2. Number of mole of Cl- ion in both experiment = 25 x 0.5 // 0.0125 mol 1000 3. Number of mole of silver chloride formed is the same 4. Na+ ion and K+ ion not involved in the reaction // Ag+ ion and Cl- involved in the reaction (i) Heat change = mc = (100)(4.2)(42.2 30.2) = 5040 J / 5.04 kJ Number of moles of HCl / H + ion = 0.1 mol = (50)(2 1000 Number of moles of NaOH / OH - ion = (50)(2) = 0.1 mol 1000 The heat of neutralization = 5.04 0.1 H = - 50.4 kJ mol-1
1 1
(c)
1 1
(ii)
Temperature change is 12.0 oC // same Number of moles of sodium hydroxide reacted when hydrochloric acid or sulphuric acid is used is the same // 0.01 mol Number of mole of water formed when hydrochloric acid or sulphuric acid used is the same // 0.01 mol H+ ion in excess when sulphuric acid is used Total marks
1 1 1 1
20
Mark 1 1 1 1 1 1
Question No 5 (a) (i) (ii) (iii)
Mark scheme Neutralisation//Exothermic reaction Total energy content of reactant is higher than total energy content in product 1. The heat of neutralization of Experiment 1 is higher than Experiment 2 2. HCl is strong acid while ethanoic acid is weak acid 3. HCl ionises completely in water to produce high concentration of H+ ion 4. CH3COOH ionizes partially in water to produce low concentration of H + ion and most of ethanoic acid exist as molecules 5. In Expt 2,Some of heat given out during neutralization reaction is used to dissociate the ethanoic acid molecules completely in water//part of heat that is released is used to break the bonds in the molecules of ethanoic acid that has not been ionised No of mol acid/alkali= 50 X 1 /1000= 0.05 Q = H X no of mol = 57.3 X 0.05 = 2.865 kJ // 2865 J 2865 = 100 X 4.2 X 0 = 2865 420
1 1 1 1 1 1
(b)
(i)
(ii)
44
= 6.8 oC ( correct unit) (iii)
1 1 1
1. Some of heat is lost to the sorrounding 2. Heat is absorbed by polystyrene cup

B The reaction is endothermic// Heat is absorbed from the surrounding during the reaction Heat absorbed is y kJ when 1 mol product is formed. The total energy content in reactant is lower than total energy content in product The temperature decreases during the reaaction Heat absorbed during the breaking of bond in reactant is higher than heat released during the formation of bond in product
(c )
A The reaction is exothermic// Heat is released to the surrounding during the reaction Heat released is x kJ when 1 mol product is formed The total energy content in reactant is higher than total energy content in product The temperature increases during the reaction Heat released during the formation of bond in product is higher than heat absorbed during the breaking of bond in reactant
1 TOTAL 6 (a) (i)

energy
20
Zn + CuSO4 H = -152 kJmol-1 ZnSO4 + Cu 1. Y-axes : energy 2. Two different level of energy
(ii) 1. reactants have more energy // products have less energy 2.energy is released during the experiment // this is exothermic reaction
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1..3
(b)
(c)
No. of mol of H+ ion/OH- = 1x50/1000// 0.05 Heat change = 100x 4.2 x7//2940 Joule//2.94 kJ Heat of neutralization= -2940/0.05 = -58800 J mol -1//-58.8 kJ mol-1 1. Heat of combustion of propane is higher 2. The molecular size/number of carbon atom per molecule propane is bigger/higher 3. Produce more carbon dioxide and water molecules//released more heat energy 1. Methanol/ethanol/ propanol, Diagram: 2. -labelled diagram 3. -arrangement of apparatus is functional
45
1. (100-250 cm3 )of water is measured and poured into a copper can and the copper can is placed on a tripod stand 2. the initial temperature of the water is measured and recorded 3. a spirit lamp with ethanol is weighed and its mass is recorded 4. the lamp is then placed under the copper can and the wick of the lamp is lighted up immediately 5. the water in the can is stirred continuously until the temperature of the water increases by about 30oC. 6. the flame is put off and the highest temperature reached by the water is recorded 7. The lamp and its content is weighed and the mass is recorded . 8 max 4 Data The highest temperature of water The initial temperature of water Increase in temperature, Mass of lamp after burning Mass of lamp before burning Mass of lamp ethanol burnt, m Calculation : m 46 1 The heat energy given out during combustion by ethanol = the heat energy absorbed by water= 100x x c x J Heat of combustion of ethanol = m c KJ mol-1 n = -p kJ/mol 1 Total marks Number of mole of ethanol, C2H5OH, n = = = = = = = t2 t1 t2
..4
t1 =
m2 m1 m1 - m2 = m
..1
..3
20
46
Question No (a) (i)
Mark scheme Heat change = mc = (25+25)(4.2)(33-29) = 445 J Heat of precipitation of AgCl = - 445 / 0.0125 = -35600 J mol-1 // 35.6 kJ mol-1 Energy AgNO3 + NaCl
Mark 1
H = -35.6 kJ mol-1
AgCl + NaNO3* * Accept ionic equation
1. The position and name /formulae of reactants and products are correct. 2. Label for the energy axis and arrow for two levels are shown.
(b) (i) 1. HCl is a strong acid // CH3COOH is a weak acid. 2. HCl ionised completely in water to produce higher concentration of H + ion. // 3. CH3COOH ionised partially in water to produce lower concentration of H+ ion. 4. during neutralisation reaction, some of the heat released are absorbed by CH3COOH molecules to dissociate further in the molecules. 1. H2SO4 is a diprotic acid// HCl is a monoprotic acid. 2. H2SO4 produced two moles of hydrogen ion/H+ when one mole of the acid ionised in water // 3. HCl produced one mole of hydrogen ion/ H+ when one mole of the acid ionised in water. 4. When one mole of OH- reacts with two moles of H+ will produce one mole of water, the heat of neutralisation is still the same as Experiment I because the definition of heat of neutralisation is based on the formation of one mole of water. (c) - apparatus and material : 2 marks - procedures : 5 marks - Table : 1 mark - Calculation : 2 marks Sample answer: Apparatus : Polystyrene cup, thermometer, measuring cylinder. Materials : Copper (II) sulphate, CuSO4 solution, zinc powder. Procedures : 1. Measure 25 cm3 of 0.2 mol dm-3 copper (II) sulphate, CuSO4 solution and pour it into a polystyrene cup. 2. Put the thermometer in the polystyrene cup and record the initial temperature of the solution. 3. Add half a spatula of zinc powder quickly and carefully into the polystyrene cup. 4. Stir the reaction mixture with the thermometer to mix the reactants. 5. Record the highest temperature reached.
1 1
4Max 3
(ii)
4Max 3
1 1
1 1 1 1 1
47
Tabulation of data: Initial temperature of CuSO4 solution (oC) Highest temperature of the reaction mixture (oC) Temperature change (oC) Calculation : Number of mole of CuSO 4 = MV/1000 = (0.2)(25)/1000 = 0.005 mol Heat change = mc(2 - 1) = x J Heat of displacement = x / 0.005 kJ mol-1 = y kJ mol-1 .1 TOTAL 20 SET 4 :CARBON COMPOUNDS
1 2 2 - 1 ....1 1
Question No (a) Or
Mark scheme
Mark 1
(b) (c) (i) (ii) (iii)
C3H7OH + 9/2O2 3CO2 + 4H2O Sweet/ pleasant smell /// fruity smell Methanoic acid
1 1 1
H H C H
H C H H
1+1
HC OC H
(d) (i) (ii) (iii) (e) (ii) Oxidation
1 1 1
Orange colour of acidified potassium dichromate (VI) solution turns green C3H7OH + 2[O] C2H5COOH + H2O C3H7OH C3H6 + H2O propanol
propene
1+1
48
Question No (a) (i) (ii) (iii)
Mark scheme Fermentation Ethanol
Mark 1 1
H H H C C H H OH
1 1+1 1
(b) (c)
(i) (ii)
C2H5OH + 3O2 2CO2 + 3H2O Ethene

H C H H -C H
(d) (e) (i) (ii) Question No 3 (a)
Purple to colourless Ethyl ethanoate CH3COOH + C2H5OH CH3COOC2H5 + H2O Mark scheme
1 1 1 1+1 Mark
Characteristics Same general formula successive member is different from each other by CH2 Gradual change in physical properties // Melting / boiling point increase Similar chemical properties // oxidation produce carboxylic acid Can be prepared by similar method // can be prepared by hydration of alkene
Explanation CnH2n + 1OH Relative atomic mass is different by 14 Number of carbon atom per molecules increase // size of molecule increase Have same chemical/similar functional group Have same chemical properties // have same functional group
1+1
1+1
1+1
1+1
1+1
(b) (i) (CH2O)n = 60 (12 + 2 + 16)n = 60 n=2 C2H4O2 (ii) Carboxylic acid React with carbonate to produce carbon dioxide
1 1 1 1
49
(iii) 2 CH3COOH + CaCO3
(CH3COO)2Ca + H2O
+ CO2 1 1
Correct formula of reactants and products Balanced equation (c) Compound The number of carbon atom The number of hydrogen atom Type of covalent bond between // carbon/ Type of hydrocarbon Type of homologous series // // Name of compound General formula// Molecular formula of the compound P 2 Q 2
4 6 number of hydrogen atom Q is higher Double bond / / Unsaturated Alkene// Ethene // Single bond/ / Saturated Alkane // Ethane
1 1
CnH2n // C2H4
CnH2n+2 // C2H6
1 Max 4
20
Question No (a) (i) 4 (ii) Mark scheme 14.3 % Element Mass/ % No. of moles Ratio of moles/ Simplest ratio C 85.7 85.7 = 7.14 12
7.14 = 1 7.14
Mark 1
H 14.3 14.3 = 14.3 1

14.3 = 2 7.14
1 1 1
Empirical formula = CH2 RMM of (CH2)n [(12 + 1(2)]n 14n = 56 .............1 = 56 = 56 n = 56 14 = 4 ..1 Molecular formula : C4H8 ..1
6 max 5 1+1
(iii)
1+1 But-2-ene [any 2] 2-methylpropene But-1-ene Max 4
50
(iv)
Compound M (Butene, C4H8) has a higher percentage of carbon atom in their molecule than butane, C4H10 .1 % of C in C4H8 =
4(12) x 100% 4(12) 8
= 48 x 100% 56 = 85.7% 1 4(12) x 100% % of C in C4H10 = 4(12) 10 = 48 x 100% 58 = 82.7% ..1 (b) (i) (ii) Starch Protein / natural silk H H CH3 H I I I I C = C C = C I I H H 2-methylbut-1,3-diene or isoprene Rubber that has been treated with sulphur In vulcanised rubber sulphur atoms form cross-links between the rubber molecules These prevent rubber molecules from sliding too much when stretched TOTAL Question No (a) (i) 5 Hydrocarbon A B Type of bond covalent covalent Mark scheme Homologous series alkane alkene General formula CnH2n+2 CnH2n 3 3 .....3 1 1
1 1..2
(c)
(i) (ii)
1 1 1 20 Mark
(ii)
Carbon dioxide 2C4H10 + 13O2 8CO2 + 10H2O [Chemical formulae of reactants and products] [Balanced] Hydrocarbon B. Hydrocarbon B is an unsaturated hydrocarbon which react with bromine. Hydrocarbon A is a saturated hydrocarbon which do not react with bromine.
1 1 1 1 1 1
(iii)
51
(iv)
Hydrocarbon B more sootiness. B has higher percentage of carbon by mass. % of carbon by mass ; Hydrocarbon A : 4(12) 4(12) + 10(1) 100 // 82.76 %
1 1
Hydrocarbon B :
4(12) 4(12) + 8(1)
100
// 85.71 %
(b)
Carboxylic acid X : 1
Propanoic acid Alcohol Y:
1 Ethanol TOTAL Question No (a) (i) Mark scheme X - any acid methanoic acid Y - any alkali ammonia aqueous solution 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Methanoic acid contains hydrogen ions Hydrogen ions neutralise the negative charges of protein membrane Rubber particles collide, Protein membrane breaks Rubber polymers combine together 1
20
Mark 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 max 4 1 1 1 1 1
(ii)
(iii)
Ammonia aqueous solution contains hydroxide ions Hydroxide ions neutralise hydrogen ions (acid) produced by activities of bacteria Alcohol Burns in oxygen to form carbon dioxide and water Oxidised by oxidising agent (acidified potassium dichromate (VI) solution) to form carboxylic acid Procedure: 1. Place glass wool in a boiling tube 3 2. Soak the glass wool with 2 cm of ethanol 3. Place pieces of porous pot chips in the boiling tube 4. Heat the porous pot chips strongly 5. Heat glass wool gently
(b)
(i) (ii)
(iii)
52
@Hak cipta BPSBPSK/SBP/2013 6.
Using test tube collect the gas given off
6 max 5
Diagram:
Glass wool soaked with ethanol
Porcelain chips
Heat
Heat
Water
[Functional diagram] [Labeled porcelain chips, water, named alcohol, heat] Test: Add a few drops of bromine water Brown colour of bromine water decolourised Total Question No (a) 7 Mark scheme Carbon dioxide/ CO2 and water/ H2O Any one correct chemical equation Example 2C4H10 + 13O2 8CO2 + Chemical formula of reactants Balanced Compound B & Compound D Same molecular formula / C4H8 Different structural formula Pour compound A/B into a test tube Add bromine water to the test tube and shake Test tube contain compound A unchanged Test tube contain compound B brown colour turn colourless or Pour compound A/B into a test tube Add acidified Potassium manganate(VII) solution to the test tube and shake Test tube contain compound A unchanged Test tube contain compound B purple colour turn colourless Any members of carboxylic acid and correct ester Example [Methanoic acid] [Propylmethanoate]
1 1 1 1 20 Mark 1
10H2O 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
(b)
(c)
(d) (i)
1 1 1
53
(d) (ii)
Pour 2 cm3 of [methanoic acid] into a boiling tube Add 2 cm3 of propanol/compound E into the boiling tube Slowly/carefully/drop 1 cm3 of concentrated sulphuric acid Heat the mixture gently Pour the mixture in a beaker that contain water Observation : Colorless liquid with fruity smell is formed / Colorless liquid float on water surface TOTAL Mark scheme
1 1 1 1 1 1 20 Mark
Question No 8(a)
H H C H H H C H
H C
H C
H C H H
But-2-ene 1+1
H C C H C H H H
2-methylpropene 1+1
(b)
(i)
Propanoic acid Ethanol Chemical properties for propanoic acid: 1. React with reactive metal to produce salt and hydrogen gas 2. React with bases/alkali to produce salt and water 3. React with carbonates metal to produce salt, carbon dioxide gas and water 4. React with alcohol to produce ester [any three] Chemical properties for ethanol: 1. Undergo combustion to produce carbon dioxide and water 2. Burnt in excess oxygen to produce CO2 and H2O 3. Undergo oxidation to produce carboxylic acid / ethanoic acid 4. React with acidified K2Cr2O7 /KMnO4 to produce carboxylic acid / ethanoic acid 5. Undergo dehydration to produce alkene / ethene. [Any three answers]
1 1
(ii)
1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
(c)
(i)
P : Hexane Q : Hexene // Hex-1-ene
(ii) Reaction with bromine // acidified potassium manganate(VII) solution

Procedure:
54
1. Pour about [2 -5 cm3] of P into a test tube. 2. Add 4-5 drops of bromine water / acidified potassium manganate(VII) solution
and shake.
1 1 1
3. Observe and record any changes. 4. Repeat steps 1 to 3 by replacing P with Q

Observation: P : Brown/ Purple colour remains unchanged. Q : Brown/ Purple colours decolourise / turn colourless.
1 1 Max 6 20
SET 4 :MANUFACTURED SUBSTANCE IN INDUSTRY

Question No (a) (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (i) (ii)
Mark scheme Contact process Ammonia Vanadium(V) oxide, 450 oC - 500oC Ammonium sulphate 2NH3 + H2SO4 (NH4)2SO4 Composite material Correct arrangement Correct label
Mark 1 1 1 1 1+1 1
(b)
Tin atom Copper atom

(iii) (iv) nC2H3Cl --( C2H3Cl )n
1 1
1 1 11 Mark 1
It has low thermal expansion coefficient // resistant to thermal shock TOTAL
Question No 2 (a) (i) (ii) SO2 + H2O H2SO3
Mark scheme
Corrodes buildings Corrodes metal structures pH of the soil decreases Lakes and rivers become acidic [Able to state any three items correctly]
55
(b) (i) (ii) (iii)
Oleum 2SO2 + O2 2SO3 Moles of sulphur = 48 / 32 =1.5 Moles of SO2 = moles of sulphur = 1.5 Volume of SO2 = 1.5 24 dm3 = 36 dm3 Pure metal are made up of same type of atoms and are of the same size. The atoms are arranged in an orderly manner. The layer of atoms can slide over each other. Thus, pure copper are ductile. There are empty spaces in between the atoms. When a pure copper is knocked, atoms slide. Thus, pure copper are malleable.
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
(c) (i)
(ii)
Zinc. Zinc atoms are of different size, The presence of zinc atoms distrupt the orderly arrangement of copper atoms. This reduce the layer of atoms from sliding.
Zinc atom
1 1 1 1 Max:5 1 1 1 1
Copper atom
1 Arrangement of atoms 1; Label - 1 1 Max: 5 Total 20
Question No 3 (a)
Mark scheme
Haber process Iron N2 + 3H2 Pure copper
2NH3 Bronze
Tin atom
Mark 1 1 1+1 1 1+1
(b)
Copper atom
Bronze is harder than pure copper
Tin atoms are of different size The presence of tin atoms distrupt the orderly arrangement of copper
1 1
56
atoms. This reduce the layer of atoms from sliding.
1 1 MAX 6
Procedure: 1. Iron nail and steel nail are cleaned using sandpaper. 2. Iron nail is placed into test tube A and steel nail is placed into test tube B. 3. Pour the agar-agar solution mixed with potassium hexacyanoferrate(III) solution into test tubes A and B until it covers the nails. 4. Leave for 1 day. 5. Both test tubes are observed to determine whether there is any blue spots formed or if there are any changes on the nails. 6. The observations are recorded Results: Test tube A B Conclusion: Iron rust faster than steel. TOTAL
1 1+ 1 1 1 1
1 1 1
The intensity of blue spots High Low
20
SET 4 :CHEMICALS FOR CONSUMERS
Question No 1 (a) (i) (ii) (iii) (b) (c) (i) (ii) (i) (ii)
Mark scheme To improve the colour of food Absorbs water /inhibits the growth of microorganisms 1. Preservative 2. Flavouring Analgesic To relieve pain Saponification // alkaline hydrolysis
Mark 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1+1
Hydrophobic (iii) Soap form scum/insoluble salts in hard water.
hydrophilic 1 TOTAL 10
57
Question No 2 (a)
Mark scheme Examples of food preservatives and their functions: Sodium nitrite slow down the growth of microorganisms in meat Vinegar provide an acidic condition that inhibits the growth of microorganisms in pickled foods No // cannot Because aspirin can cause brain and liver damage if given to children with flu or chicken pox. // It causes internal bleeding and ulceration Paracetamol Codeine
Mark 1+1 1+1 1 1 1 1 1 1
(b)
(i)
(ii)
(iii) 1. If the child is given a overdose of codeine, it may lead to addition. 2. If the child is given paracetamol on a regular basis for a long time, it may cause skin rashes/ blood disorders /acute inflammation of the pancreas. (c) Type of food additives Preservatives Flavourings Examples Sugar, salt Monosodium glutamate, spice, garlic Ascorbic acid Function To slow down the growth of microorganisms To improve and enhance the taste of food To prevent oxidation of food To add or restore the colour in food
2 2
Antioxidants Dyes/ Colourings
Tartrazine Turmeric Disadvantages of any two food additives: Sugar eating too much can cause obesity, tooth decay and diabetes Salt may cause high blood pressure, heart attack and stroke. Tartrazine can worsen the condition of asthma patients - May cause children to be hyperactive MSG can cause difficult in breathing, headaches and vomiting.
1 1 TOTAL 20 Mark 1 1
Question No 3 (a) (i)
Mark scheme Traditional medicines are derived from plants or animals. Modern medicines are made by scientists in laboratory and based on substances found in nature.
(ii) Type Modern medicine Aspirin Paracetamol Codein Penicillin Chloropromazin Caffeina 1 1 1 1 1 1 MAX 5 1
Analgesics Antibiotics Psychotherapeutic
(iii)
Penicillin Cause allergic reaction, diarrhoea, difficulty breathing and easily bruising
58
Codeine Cause addiction, drowsiness, trouble sleeping, irregular heartbeat and hallucinations. Aspirin Cause brain and liver damage if given to children with flu or chicken pox. Cause internal bleeding and ulceration (b) Hard water contains calcium ions and magnesium ions. Example : sea water Procedure 1. 20cm3 of hard water (magnesium sulphate solution) is poured into two separate beakers X and Y. 2. 50 cm3 of soap and detergent solutions are added separately in beaker X and beaker Y. 3. A small piece of cloth with oily stains is dipped into each beaker. 4. Each cloth is washed. 5. The cleansing action of the soap and detergent is observed. Results Beaker X Y
1 1
1 1 1 1 1
Observation The cloth is still dirty. The cloth becomes clean.
1 1
Conclusion The cleansing action of detergent is more effective than soap in hard water
59
SET 5 :PAPER 3 SET 1

Rubric 1(a)(i) Able to give correct observation
Score 3
Sample answer: Colourless solution formed//Aluminium oxide powder dissolved in nitric acid/sodium hydroxide solution.
Rubric 1(a)(ii) Able to give the correct inference. Sample answer Aluminium oxide is soluble in nitric acid/sodium solution//Aluminium oxide shows basic/acidic properties
Score
3 hydroxide
1(a) (iii)
Rubric Able to give the correct property of aluminium oxide. Answer: amphoteric
Score 3
1(b)
Rubric Able to state the hypothesis correctly. Sample answer: When aluminium oxide dissolves in nitric acid, it shows basic properties, when aluminium oxide dissolves in sodium hydroxide solution, shows acidic properties.
Score
1(c)
Rubric Able to state all the variables correctly. Answer: Manipulated variable: type of solutions // nitric acid and sodium hydroxide solution Responding variable: solubility of aluminium oxide in acid and alkali//property of aluminium oxide Fixed variable: aluminium oxide
Score
1(d)
Rubric Able to state the operational definition correctly. Sample answer. When aluminium oxide solid is added into sodium hydroxide solution, the solid dissolved.
Score 3
60
1(e)(i)
Rubric Able to give the correct observations for both experiments. Red litmus paper turns blue Blue litmus paper turns red Rubric Able to classify all the oxides correctly. Acidic oxide Basic axide Carbon dioxide Magnesium oxide Phosphorous pentoxide Calcium oxide
Score 3
Score
1(e)(ii)
Rubric 2(a) Able to state the observation Sample Answer: 1. Iron glowed brightly 2. Iron ignited rapidly with bright flame. 3. Iron glowed dimly Rubric Able to state the observation and the way on how to control variable Sample Answer : 1. change bromine with chlorine and iodine 2. Ignition or glowing of halogen 3. Use the same quantity of iron wool in each experiment.
Score
Score
2(b)
2(c)
Rubric Able to state the correct hypothesis by relating the manipulated variable and responding variable Sample Answer : 1. The higher the position of halogen in group 17 the higher the reactivity towards iron. 2. The higher the position of halogen in group 17 the greater the ignition or glowing reaction with iron. Rubric Able to state the inference correctly. Sample answer: The solid of Iron(lll) bromide formed//Bromine combined with iron //Iron is oxidized by bromine//Bromine is reduced by iron Rubric Able to arrange the three position of halogen based on the reactivity toward iron in ascending order Answer : Iodine. Bromine, Chlorine, Rubric Able to give the correct arrangement of the metals Answer: Magnesium, Y, copper
Score
Score 3
2(d)
Score 3
2(e)
3(a)
Score 3
61
3(b)
Rubric Able to give the name of metal Y correctly. Answer: Zinc//Iron//Lead Rubric Able to give the three observations correctly. Answer: 1. Brown solid deposited 2. Blue solution turns light blue 3. Zinc strip becomes pale blue. Rubric Able to give the problem statement correctly.
Score 3
Score
3 (c)
Score 3
4(a) Sample answer: How is the effect of other metals on the rusting of iron when the metals are in contact with iron. Rubric Able to state the three variables correctly. Answer: Manipulated variable: Type of metals//Zinc and copper Responding variable: Rusting of iron Fixed variable: iron nail Rubric Able to state the hypothesis correctly. Sample answer: When iron is in contact with a more electropositive metal/zinc, rusting will not occur, when iron is in contact with less electropositive metal/copper, rusting will occur. Rubric Able to list the apparatus and materials needed for the experiment. Apparatus: two test tubes, test-tube rack, Materials: hot agar-agar solution added with phenolphthalein and potassium hexacyanoferrate(III) solution, iron nails, zinc strip, copper strip, sand paper. Rubric Able to give the procedures correctly Sample answer: 1. Clean 2 pieces of iron nails, zinc strip and copper strip with sand paper. 2. Coil the iron nails with zinc strip and copper strip each. 3. Put the iron nails into two different test tubes 4. Pour hot agar into each test tube until the iron nail is immersed. 5. Leave the apparatus for about 1 day and record the observations.
Score
4(b)
Score
4(c)
Score
4(d)
Score
4(e)
62
4(f)
Rubric Able to tabulate the data correctly Answer: Experiment Iron nail coiled with zinc Iron nail coiled with copper
Score
2 Observation
PAPER 3 SET 2
1(a)
Rubric Able to construct the table correctly with the following aspects: Experiment I II III Ammeter reading/A 0.0 0.5 0.0
Score
Rubric 1(b) Able to state the inference correctly.
Score 3
Sample answer: Lead(II) bromide can conduct electricity in molten state//Naphthalene/Glucose cannot conduct electricity in molten state Rubric Able to state the type of compound correctly Answer: ionic compound Rubric Able to state all the three variables correctly: Answer: Manipulated variable: type of compound Responding variable: ammeter reading//conductivity of electricity Fixed variable: state of compound//ammeter Rubric Able to state the hypothesis correctly. Sample answer: Molten ionic compound can conduct electricity but molten covalent compound cannot conduct electricity. Rubric Able to state the operational definition correctly. Sample answer: When carbon electrodes are dipped into molten lead(II) bromide, ammeter shows a reading/ammeter needle deflects Score 3 Score Score 3
1(c)
1(d)
Score 3
1(e)
1(f)
63
1(g)
Rubric Able to explain the difference in conductivity of electricity in Experiment I and II. Sample answer: In Experiment II, molten lead(II) bromide consists of free moving ions that carry the electrical current, In Experiment I molten naphthalene consists of neutral molecules. Rubric Able to classify the substances correctly. Answer: Substance can conduct electricity Substance cannot conduct electricity Carbon rod Glacial ethanoic acid Copper(II) sulphate solution Molten polyvinyl chloride
Score
Score
1(h)
2(a)
Rubric Able to give the correct value of the reading. Answer: Final burette reading = 40.20 cm3 Initial burette reading = 47.20 cm3 X = 5.0 cm3 Rubric Able to draw the correct graph with the following aspects. 1. X axis and y-axis with label and unit 2. Correct scale 3. Correct shape of graph Rubric Able to determine the correct mole ratio. Answer: Ag+ : Cl1.0 x 5 : 1.0 x 5 1000 1000 0.005 : 0.005 1 : 1 Rubric Able to write the ionic equation correctly. Answer: Ag+ + Cl- AgCl Rubric
Score 3
Score 3
2(b)
Score
2(c)
2(d)
Score 3
2(e)
Able to sketch the correct curve: Graph constant at V = 10 cm3 Rubric
Score 3 Score
64
2(f)
Able to classify the salts correctly. Soluble salt Potassium chloride Nickel nitrate Ammonium carbonate Insoluble salt Barium sulphate
3. (a)
Rubric Able to state the problem statement correctly. Sample answer: What is the effect of size of zinc on the rate of reaction with sulphuric acid?
Score 3
3(b)
Rubric Able to state the hypothesis correctly Sample answer: When size of zinc is smaller, the rate of reaction is higher. Rubric Able to state the all the variables correctly Answer: Manipulated variable: big sized granulated zinc and small sized granulated zinc Responding variable: rate of reaction Fixed variable: volume and concentration of sulphuric acid Rubric Able to list the necessary materials and apparatus needed. Sample answer: Materials: big sized granulated zinc, small sized granulated zinc, 0.1 mol dm-3 sulphuric acid, water. Apparatus: burette, conical flask, delivery tube with stopper, basin, retort, basin, weighing balance, stop watch, measuring cylinder.
Score 3
Score 3
3(c)
Score
3(d)
3(e)
Rubric Able to list procedures for the experiment Sample answer. 1. [5-10] g of big sized granulated zinc is weighed and put into the conical flask. 2. Half filled a basin with water. 3. Fill burette with water and invert into the basin and record the initial reading. 4. Measure 50 cm3 of sulphuric acid and pour into the conical flask. 5. Stopper the conical flask and immediately start the stop watch. 6. Record the burette reading every 30 s intervals for 5 minutes. 7. Repeat the experiment by replacing the big sized granulated zinc with small sized granulated zinc.
Score
65
3(f)
Rubric Able to tabulate the data with the following aspects: Time/s Burette reading/cm3 Volume of gas/cm3 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210
Score 2
PAPER 3 SET 3
RUBRIC Able to record all the temperature accurately Sample answer : Experiment 1 Initial temperature = 28.0 Highest temperature = 40.0 Change of temperature = 12.0 Experiment II Initial temperature = 28.0 Highest temperature = 38.0 Change of temperature = 10.0 RUBRIC Able to construct table accurately with correct title and unit Sample answer : Temperature Initial temperature of mixture, oC Highest temperature of mixture, oC Change of temperature, oC Experiment I 28.0 40.0 12.0 Experiment II 28.0 38.0 10.0 SCORE 3 SCORE 3
1(a)
1(b)
1(c)
RUBRIC Able to state the relationship between manipulated variable and responding variable with direction correctly Sample answer : Manipulated variable : type of acid Responding variable : heat of neutralisation Direction : ? The reaction between a strong acid and strong alkali produce a greater heat of
SCORE 3
66
neutralization than the reaction between a weak acid and strong alkali.// The reaction between hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide produce a greater heat of neutralization than the reaction between ethanoic acid and sodium hydroxide// The heat of neutralization between a strong acid and a strong alkali is greater than the heat of neutralization between a weak acid and a strong alkali
1(d)
RUBRIC Able to explain with two correct reasons Sample answer :
SCORE 3
This is to enable the change in temperature to be measured. The change of temperature is needed to calculate the heat of neutralization
RUBRIC 1(e) Able to state the formula accurately Sample answer : Change in temperature = Highest temperature of mixture - initial temperature of mixture
SCORE 3
1(f)
RUBRIC Able to state three observation correctly Sample answer : 1. A colourless mixture of solution is obtained 2. The vinegar smell of ethanoic acid disappears 3. The polystyrene cup becomes warmer
SCORE 3
1(g)
RUBRIC Able to state three constant variables correctly Sample answer :
SCORE 3
1. 2. 3.
The volumes and concentration of the acid and the alkali The type of cup used in the experiment The type of alkali
1(h)
RUBRIC Able to calculate the heat of neutralisation for experiment I and II correctly Sample answer : Experiment I Heat released = mc = 50 x 4.2 x 12 = 2520 J
SCORE 3
67
Number of mole of sodium hydroxide = MV = 2.0 x 25/1000 = 0.05 mol 0.05 mole of sodium hydroxide releases 2520 J heat energy 1.0 mole of sodium hydroxide releases = heat released / number of mole = 2520 / 0.05 = 50400 J Heat of neutralisation = - 50.40 kJ/mol Experiment II Heat released = mc = 50 x 4.2 x 10 = 2100 J
Number of mole of sodium hydroxide = MV = 2.0 x 25/1000 = 0.05 mol 0.05 mole of sodium hydroxide releases 2100 J heat energy 1.0 mole of sodium hydroxide releases = heat released / number of mole = 2100 / 0.05 = 42000 J Heat of neutralisation = - 42.0 kJ/mol
RUBRIC 1(i) Able to write the operational definition for the heat of neutralisation correctly. Able to describe the following criteria
SCORE 3
(i) (ii)
What should be done What should be observed
Sample answer : The heat of neutralization is defined as the temperature rises when one mole of water is produced from reaction between acid and alkali
1(j)
RUBRIC SCORE Able to state the relationship between type of acid and value of heat of neutralization and 3 explain the difference correctly. Sample answer :
1. The heat of neutralization of a weak acid by a strong alkali is less than the heat of
neutralization of a strong acid by a strong alkali. Explanation :
68
2. Experiment I uses a strong acid whereas Experiment II uses a weak acid. 3. During neutralization of a weak acid such as ethanoic acid, small portion of the heat
released in experiment II is absorbed to help the dissociation of the ethanoic acid molecules
1(k)
RUBRIC Able to predict the temperature change accurately Sample answer : Lower than 10oC
SCORE 3
1(l)
RUBRIC Able to classify the acids as strong acid or weak acid. Sample answer : Name of acid Ethanoic acid Hydrochloric acid Methanoic acid Heat of neutralization /kJmol-1 - 50.3 - 57.2 - 50.5 Type of acid Weak acid Strong acid Weak acid
SCORE 3
2(a)
RUBRIC Able to record all the temperature accurately one decimal places. Time 55.0 s at 30oC Time 48.0 s at 35oC Time 42.0 s at 40oC Time 37.0 s at 45oC Time 33.0 s at 50oC
SCORE 3
2(b)
RUBRIC Able to construct table accurately with correct title and unit Sample answer : Temperature/oC Time/s 1/time / s-1 30 55.0 0.018 35 48.0 0.021 40 42.0 0.024 45 37.0 0.027 50 33.0 0.030
SCORE 3
RUBRIC 2(c)(i) Able to draw the graph of temperature against 1/time correctly i) Axis x : temperature / 0C and axis y : 1/time /1/s ii) Consistent scale and the graph half of graph paper iii) All the points are transferred correctly iv) Correct curve
SCORE 3
69
RUBRIC 2(c)(ii) state the relationship between the rate of reaction and temperature correctly The rate of reaction increases with the increase in temperature
SCORE 3
RUBRIC 2(d ) Able to predict the time taken
SCORE 3
From the graph, when temperature = 55oC, 1/time = 0.033 s-1 Time = 1/0.033 = 30.3 s RUBRIC 2(e)(i) Able to state all variables correctly Manipulated variable : Temperature of sodium thiosulphate solution Responding variable : Rate of reaction between sodium thiosulphate and hydrochloric acid//time taken for the sign X disappear Constant variable : Concentration and volume of sodium thiosulphate solution and hydrochloric acid SCORE 3
RUBRIC 2(e)(ii) Able to state how to manipulate one variable while keeping the other variables constant. Temperature is the manipulated variable. Heating sodium thiosulphate with several different temperatures by remaining the
SCORE 3
70
concentration and volume of sodium thiosulphate and hydrochloric acid constant helps maintain the responding variable.
RUBRIC 2(f) Able to give the hypothesis accurately Manipulated variable : Temperature of sodium thiosulphate solution Responding variable : Rate of reaction between sodium thiosulphate and hydrochloric acid//time taken for the sign X disappear The higher the temperature, the higher the rate of reaction is
SCORE 3
2(g)
RUBRIC Able to state the relationship between temperature and the rate reaction in our daily lives correctly The lower the temperature, the lower the rate of food turns bad
SCORE 3
3(a)
RUBRIC Able to Marke a statement of the problem accurately and must be in question form Does concentration of ions affect the product of electrolysis process at the anode?
SCORE 3
3(b)
RUBRIC Able to state the relationship between manipulated variable and responding variable correctly The higher the concentration of ions at the anode, the higher its tendency to be discharge.
SCORE 3
3(c)
RUBRIC Able to state all the three variables correctly Manipulated variables : concentration of sodium chloride solution Responding variables : product formed at anode Controlled variables : quantity of current, carbon electrodes
SCORE 3
3(d)
RUBRIC Able to state the list of substances and apparatus correctly and completely Materials : 0.0001 mol dm-3 sodium chloride solution, 2.0 mol dm-3 sodium chloride solution. Apparatus : carbon electrode, electrolytic cell, test tubes, dry cell, blue litmus paper, wooden splinter, Bunsen burner.
SCORE 3
71
3(e)
RUBRIC Able to state a complete experimental procedure
SCORE 3
1. 2. 3. 4.
Fill electrolytic cell with 0.0001 mol dm-3 sodium chloride solution. Connect carbon electrodes to the power supply and ammeter. Switch on the circuit for half hour. Collect the gas at the anode and test with a glowing wooden splinter and a damp blue litmus paper. 5. Repeat the step 1 to 4 by replacing 0.0001 mol dm-3 sodium chloride solution with 2.0 mol dm-3 sodium chloride solution.
3(f)
RUBRIC Able to draw a suitable table with title correctly Solution 0.0001 mol dm-3sodium chloride solution 2.0 mol dm-3sodium chloride solution RUBRIC Able to give the statement of problem correctly. Sample answer: Does the type of electrode/anode affect the choice of ions to be discharged? Observation Product formed at anode
SCORE 3
SCORE 3
4 (a)
RUBRIC 4 (b) Able to state all variables correctly. Sample answer: Manipulated variable : Type of electrode/ anode Responding variable : Product formed at anode Controlled variable : Electrolyte
SCORE 3
RUBRIC 4(c) Able to give the hypothesis accurately Sample answer: Type of electrode/anode will influence the choice of ion to be discharged// type of electrode/anode will produce different product.
SCORE
4(d)
RUBRIC Able to list completely the materials and apparatus. Sample answer: Materials:
SCORE 3
72
1. 2. 3. 4.
Apparatus:
copper(II) sulphate solution, (0.5 2.0) mol dm-3 //any suitable solution that match with metal plate used. carbon rod copper plate// any metal plate that match with a solution used. wooden splinter// any suitable material used for testing a gas or any product at anode. electrolytic cell battery connecting wire test tube SCORE 3
1. 2. 3. 4.
4(e)
RUBRIC Able to state all procedures completely and correctly. Sample answer:
1. Fill the electrolytic cell (beaker) with half full of copper (II) sulpahate solution
(any suitable electrolyte that match with metal plate used).
2. A test tube filled with copper (II) solution is inverted on the anode carbon 3. 4. 5. 6.
electrode. Complete the circuit. Electricity is flowed. Record observation at anode.. Step 1-5 is repeated using copper plate
4(f)
RUBRIC Able to exhibit the tabulation of data correctly. Sample answer: Type of electrode Carbon Copper/any metal Observation
SCORE 2
PAPER 3 SET 4
1(a) Rubric Able to state all the observations and inferences correctly Sample answers: Observations 1. Zinc electrode become thinner 2. Brown deposite is formed at copper electrode//thicker 3. Blue solution turn to colourless/ become paler // The intensity of blue solution decrease Inferences Zinc atom ionised to zinc ions//zinc atom ionises Copper atom is formed Copper(II) ions is discharged to copper atom//concentration of copper(II) ion decreases Rubric Score Score
73
1(b)
Able to state all the voltmeter readings accurately with unit Sample answer: Zinc and copper : 1.4 V P and copper : 0.8 V Q and copper : 2.8 V R and copper : 0.4 V
1(c)
Rubric Able to construct a table to record the voltmeter reading for each pair of metals accurately Sample answer: Pairs of metals Zinc and copper P and copper Q and copper R and copper Voltage / V 1.4 0.8 2.8 0.4
Score
1(d)
Rubric Able to arrange all the metals in ascending order in electrochemical series Sample answer: Copper, R, P, Zinc, Q
Score 3
1(e)
Rubric Score Able to state the relationship between the manipulated variable and the responding 3 variable with direction. Sample answer: The further the distance between two/pair of metals in the electrochemical series the higher/larger/bigger the voltage value.
1(f)
Rubric Able to state all the three variables correctly Sample answer: Manipulated variable : Pairs of metals Responding variable :Voltmeterreading/voltage/potential difference Constant variable : copper electrode, copper(II) sulphate solution
Score 3
1(g)
Rubric Able to state the operational definition for the potential difference accurately Sample answer: The potential difference is the voltmeter reading when two different metals are dipped in an electrolyte.
Score 3
74
1(h)
Rubric Able to classify the cations and anions in copper(II)sulphate solution correctly Sample answer: Cations anions Cu2+, H+ SO42-, OH-
Score 3
1(i)
Rubric Able to predict the positive terminal and the voltage value correctly Sample answer: Positive terminal P Voltage /V 2.0
Score 3
1(i)
Rubric Able to explain the relationship between the time for negative terminal to corrode and the position in electrochemical series accurately Sample answer: The distance between magnesium and copper in electrochemical series further//the distance between zinc and copper in electrochemical series is closer
Score 3
Rubric 2 (a) Able to state the inference correctly. Sample answer: The reactivity (of alkali metals with oxygen) increase from lithium to potassium. // Lithium, sodium and potassium / alkali metals show similar chemical in their reactions with oxygen.
Score
2 (b)
Rubric Able to state the three variables correctly: 1. Method to manipulate variable. 2. The responding variable. 3. The controlled variable. Sample answer: (i) Use different types of (alkali) / (group 1) metals (ii) Reactivity of metals with oxygen // Vigorousness of the reaction between metals and oxygen. (iii) Oxygen gas // size / mass of metal Rubric Able to state the relationship correctly between the manipulated variable and the responding variable. Sample answer: (The lower/higher the position of metal in)/(Going down/up) Group 1, the more/less
Score
Score
1 (c)
75
reactive is the metal in reaction with oxygen. // The lower/higher the metal in Group 1 the more/less reactive the reaction with oxygen.
2 (d)
Rubric Able to give the operational definition accurately by stating the following three information.
Score
alkali metals vigorously / more vigorous / reactive with oxygen more / highly reactive
Sample answer: An alkali metal that reacts more vigorously with oxygen is a more reactive metal.
2 (e)(i)
Rubric Able to state the position of metal X in Group 1 accurately. Sample answer: Period 5/6/7
Score
2 (e)(ii)
Rubric Able to arrange the metals in ascending order based on their reactivity. Sample answer: Lithium, Sodium, Potassium, X // Li, Na, K, X
Score
2 (f)
Rubric Able to state the relationship between the mass of sodium and the time taken for the metal to burn completely in oxygen gas.
Score
the higher the mass / the bigger the size the longer the time taken burn completely
Sample answer: The higher the mass of metals, the longer the time taken to burn completely. // The bigger the size of metals, the longer the time taken to burn completely.
2 (g)
Rubric Able to record all the readings with one decimal place accurately. Sample answer: 10.1 , 10.6, 10.9 3
Score
76
2 (h)
Rubric Able to state observations for blue and red litmus paper correctly. Sample answer: Solutions Gas Jar I Gas Jar II Gas Jar III Red litmus paper Turns blue Turns blue Turns blue Blue litmus paper No change No change No change 3
Score
2 (i)
Rubric Able to write the two balanced chemical equations for the reaction accurately. Sample answer : i. 4Na + O2 2Na2O and ii. Na2O + H2O 2NaOH Notes: Sodium can be replaced with any alkali metals from Table 1.
Score
2 (j)
Rubric Able to classify all alkaline solutions into strong alkali and one weak alkali correctly. Sample answer: Strong alkali : Sodium hydroxide / NaOH, Potassium hydroxide / KOH Calcium hydroxide / Ca(OH)2 Weak alkali : Ammonia solution/ NH3
Score
3(a)
Rubric Able to give the statement of the problem accurately. Response is in question form. Sample answer: Does the temperature of sodium thiosulphate solution affect the rate of reaction between sodium thiosulphate solution and sulphuric acid? // How does the temperature of sodium thiosulphate solution affect the rate of reaction? between sodium thiosulphate solution and sulphuric acid?
Score
3 (b)
Rubric Able to state the three variables correctly Sample answer: Manipulated variable: Temperature of sodium thiosulphate solution Responding variable : Rate of reaction // Time taken for mark X to become invisible /disappear Constant variable: Volume and concentration of sodium thiosulphate/ sulphuric acid / size of conical flask Rubric Able to state the relationship correctly between the manipulated variable and the responding variable with direction. Sample answer: 3
Score
Score 3
3 (c)
77
The higher/lower the temperature of sodium thiosulphate solution, the higher/lower the rate of reaction. // The higher/lower the temperature of sodium thiosulphate solution, the shorter/longer the time taken for mark X to disappear from sight/view //
3(d)
Rubric Able to give complete list of materials and apparatus Sample answer: Materials : Sodium thiosulphate solution, sulphuric acid. Apparatus : Conical flask, ,bunsen burner, measuring cylinder, stop-watch, filter paper.
Score
Rubric 3(e) Able to list all the steps correctly Sample Answer:
Score
1. X mark is drawn on a piece of white/filter/ cardboard paper. 2. 50 cm3 of sodium thiosuphate solution [(0.01-1.0) mol dm-3] is 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
measured with a measuring cylinder and is poured into a conical flask. The solution is slowly heated until 30 oC. 5 cm3 of hydrochloric acid [(0.1- 2.0) mol dm-3] is measured with a measuring cylinder and is added to the conical flask. A stop-watch is started immediately. The conical flask is swirled and is placed on a filter paper with a mark X. The X mark is observed vertically from the top through the solution. The stop-watch is stopped immediately when the X mark cannot be seen. Time is recorded. The experiment is repeated by using the sodium thiosuphate solution at 40 oC, 50 oC, 60 oC and 70 oC respectively.
78
3 (f)
Rubric Able to tabulate the data with following aspects 1. Correct titles with units 2. Complete list of temperatures Sample answer: Temperature (oC) 30 40 50 60 70 Time (s) 2
Score
PAPER 3 SET 5
1(a)
Rubric Able to state four observations correctly Sample answers: Observations at anode Blue litmus paper : turn red then bleached / decolourise Glowing splinter : no change Blue litmus paper : no change Glowing splinter : is rekindled / relighted
Score
Rubric 1(b) Able to state the colour change in the copper (II) chloride solution correctly Sample answer: The intensity of the blue solution decreases / reduced // Blue colour of solution fades gradually // Blue solution becomes light blue
Score 3
Rubric 1(c) Able to state all the variable and the action to be taken correctly Sample answer: Name of variables Concentration of copper (II) chloride solution Gas collected at anode Type of solution Action to be taken Change the concentration from 1.0 mol dm-3 to 0.001 mol dm-3 The change of damp blue litmus paper and glowing splinter Use the same copper (II) chloride solution
Score
79
1(d)
Rubric Able to state the relationship between the manipulated variable and the responding variable with direction. Sample answer: The higher the concentration of ion in the solution in the electrolyte, the higher the chance the ion discharged at anode
Score 3
Rubric 1(e) Able to classify the ions correctly -write the name or symbols of the ions. Sample answer: Cations Copper (II) ions, Cu2+ Hydrogen ions, H+ Anions Hydroxide ions, OHChloride ions, Cl-
Score 3
Rubric Able to state all the observation and inference correctly. Sample answer: Observation White fume is released White solid is formed The mass of crucible and its content increases
Score
2(a)
inference Magnesium oxide is formed Magnesium reacts wth oxygen
2 (b)
Rubric Able to state all the masses accurately Sample answer: The crucible and lid = 25.35 g The crucible, lid and magnesium ribbon = 27.75 g The crucible, lid and magnesium oxide when cooled = 29.35 g
Score
2 (c)
(i) (ii) (iii)
Rubric The mass of Mg = 27.75 25.35 = 2.4 g The mass of Oxygen = 29.35 27.75 = 1.6 g The number of mole of Mg = 2.4/24 = 0.1 mole The number of mole of O = 1.6/16 = 0.1 mole The ratio of Mg : O = 1 : 1 The empirical formula is MgO
Score
80
2 (d)
Rubric 0.1 mole of Mg reacts with 0.1 mole of oxygen// 1 mole of Mg reacts with 1 mole of oxygen
Score 3
2 (e)
Rubric Able to predict and give a reason for the prediction Sample answer:
Score
3 Cannot because copper is a less electropositive metal. Copper cannot reacts with oxygen gas to produce copper (II) oxide.
2 (f)
Rubric Able to classify the oxides into two groups, those which are basic oxides and those which are acidic oxides correctly Sample answer: Basic oxides Magnesium oxide Copper (II) oxide Acidic oxides Sulphur oxide Carbon dioxide
Score
Rubric Able to give the statement of the problem accurately. Response is in question form. 3(a) Sample answer How does ethanoic acid and ammonia solution affects the coagulation of latex?
Score 3
3(b)
Rubric Able to state the three variables correctly Sample answer: Manipulated : ethanoic acid and ammonia solution Responding : coagulate / coagulation of latex Fixed : latex Rubric Able to state the relationship correctly Ethanoic acid coagulates the latex while ammonia solution does not coagulate the latex. Rubric Able to state the complete list of apparatus and material as follows. Materials: ethanoic acid 0.5 mol dm-3 and ammonia solution Apparatus: Beaker, measuring cylinder, glass rod, dropper
Score 3
3(c)
Score 3
3(d)
Score 3
81
Rubric 3(e) Able to list all the steps correctly
Score 3
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
10 cm3 of latex is poured into a beaker. Ethanoic acid is added into the beaker using a dropper. The mixture is stirred using glass rod. The beaker is left aside. The observation is recorded Experiment is repeated using ammonia solution to replace ethanoic acid.
Rubric 3(f) Able to tabulate the data correctly Mixture Latex + ethanoic acid Latex + ammonia solution Observation
Score
PAPER 3 SET 6
1(a)(i)
RUBRIC Able to record all reading accurately with units Sample answer : Experiment I II III
SCORE 3
Copper 1.35 cm 1.60 cm 1.50 cm
Bronze 1.20 cm 1.00 cm 1.20 cm SCORE 3
RUBRIC 1(a)(ii) Able to construct the table with correct label and unit Sample answer : Type of blocks Copper Bronze Diameter of dents (cm) II III 1.60 1.50 1.00 1.20 Average diameter of dents (cm) 1.48 1.13
I 1.35 1.20
1(b)
RUBRIC Able to state the observation correctly and accurately Sample answer : The average diameter of dents on bronze block is 1.13 cm and the average diameter of dents on copper block is 1.48 cm// The size / diameter of dents on bronze block is smaller than size / diameter of dents on copper block//
SCORE 3
82
1(c)
RUBRIC Able to state the inference correctly and accurately Sample answer : Bronze is harder than copper // Copper is less harder than bronze
SCORE 3
1(d)
RUBRIC Able to state operational definition correctly Sample answer : The smaller dent produced when 1 kg weight is dropped on the block.
SCORE 3
1(e)
RUBRIC Able to explain the arrangement of particles in the materials correctly Sample answer : 1. The atomic size of tin is bigger than copper // the atomic size of tin and copper are different. 2. The presence of tin atoms in bronze disrupts the orderly arrangement of copper atoms. 3. Reduces / prevent the layers of atoms from sliding over each other easily
SCORE 3
1 (f)
RUBRIC Able to state the hypothesis correctly Sample answer : Bronze is harder than copper // Copper is less harder than bronze
SCORE 3
1 (g)
RUBRIC Able to state all three variables and all three action correctly Sample answer : Name of variables Manipulated variable: Action to be taken (i) The way to manipulate variable: Replace copper with bronze (ii) What to observe in the responding variable: The diameter of the dent formed on copper block and bronze block (iii) Controlled variable: Mass of weight // height of the weight // size of steel ball bearing (iii) The way to maintain the control variable: Uses same mass of weight // same height of the weight // same size of ball bearing
SCORE 3
(i)
Type of materials // copper and bronze (ii) Responding variable: Diameter of dent
83
2(a)
RUBRIC Able to state 5 correct observations. Sample answer Test tube 1 2 3 4 5 Observation blue colour /solutions High intensity of pink colour/ solutions High intensity of blue colour /solutions Low intensity of pink colour/ solutions Low intensity of blue colour /solutions
SCORE 3
RUBRIC 2(a) Able to state 5 correct inferences. Sample answer Test tube Inference 2+ 1 Iron(II) / Fe ions formed / produced in the solutions // Iron / Fe rusted/corroded/oxidised Iron(II) / Fe2+ ions are not formed /produced in the solutions // 2 Iron / Fe does not rust/ corrode/oxidised Magnesium/Mg rusted/corroded /oxidised Iron(II) / Fe2+ ions formed / produced in the solutions // 3 Iron / Fe rusted/ corroded/ oxidised Iron(II) / Fe2+ ions are not formed /produced in the solutions // 4 Iron / Fe does not rust/ corrode/oxidised // Zinc/Zn rusted/ corroded / oxidised Iron(II) / Fe2+ ions formed / produced in the solutions // 5 Iron / Fe is rusted / corroded/ oxidised
SCORE 3
2(b)
RUBRIC Able to explain a difference in observation correctly between test tube 2 and 3 Sample answer Iron/Ferum/Fe in test tube 2 does not rust/ corrode/ oxidised because ferum is in contact with a more electropositive metal, but iron/Ferum/Fe in test tube 3 rusts/ corrodes/ is oxidised because ferum is in contact with a less electropositive metal. // In test tube 2, magnesium is more electropositive than ferum/iron and and in test tube 3, copper is less electropositive the ferum/iron.
SCORE 3
2(c)
RUBRIC Able to state the hypothesis correctly. Sample answer When a more/less electropositive metal is in contact with iron/ferum/Fe, the metal inhibits/(speeds up) rusting/corrosion of iron // If the metal in contact with iron is higher/lower than iron/ferum/Fe in electrochemical series, the rusting/corrosion of iron is slower/faster //
SCORE 3
84
2(d)
RUBRIC Able to state all the variables in this experiment correctly. Sample answer (i) Manipulated variables : Type/different metal // position of metal in electrochemical series (ii) Responding variable : Rusting / corrosion // presence of blue/pink colour (iii) Constant variable : Size/mass of iron nail // type of nail // clean iron nails // temperature // medium in which the iron nail are kept
SCORE 3
2(e)
RUBRIC Able to state the operational definition for the rusting of iron nail correctly. Sample answer Rusting occurs when iron nail is in contact with copper/tin /less electropositive metal and form blue colouration in potassium hexacyanoferrate(III) solution
SCORE 3
2(f)
RUBRIC Able to classify all the metals correctly. Sample answer Metals that inhibit rusting Magnesium/Mg Zinc/Zn
SCORE 3
Metals that speed up rusting Tin/Sn Copper/Cu
2(g)(i)
RUBRIC Able to state the relationship between the time taken and the amount of rust formed correctly. Sample answer The longer the time taken, the greater/bigger/larger the rust formed // The longer the time taken, more rust is formed // The rust formed is greater/bigger/larger, when the time taken is longer.
SCORE 3
2(g)(ii)
RUBRIC Able to predict the time taken for the iron nail to completely rust correctly. Answer Less than 5 days
SCORE 3
2(h)(i)
RUBRIC Able to record the voltmeter readings correctly in one decimal place. Answer Pairs of metal Magnesium and iron Iron and copper Iron and zinc Iron and tin Positive terminal Iron Copper Iron Tin Voltmeter reading (V) 2.0 0.8 0.4 0.2
SCORE 3
85
2(h)(ii)
RUBRIC Able to draw a labelled diagram accurately. Sample Answer
SCORE 3
Voltmeter
Magnesium/Mg
Iron/Fe
Dilute sulphuric acid /H2SO4

RUBRIC Able to Marke a statement of the problem accurately and must be in question form Sample Answer Able to How do the heat of neutralisation for reactions between acids and alkalis of different strengths differ? RUBRIC Able to state all the three variables correctly Manipulated Variable : different strength of acid // hydrochloric acid and ethanoic acid Responding variable : the value of heat of neutralisation Fixed variable : volume and concentration of acid // volume and concentration of alkali // polystyrene cup RUBRIC Able to state the relationship between manipulated variable and responding variable correctly The value of heat of neutralisation for reaction between strong acid and strong alkali is higher than of reaction between weak acid and strong alkali// The value of heat of neutralisation for reaction between hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide is higher than of reaction between ethanoic acid and sodium hydroxide RUBRIC Able to state the list of substances and apparatus correctly and completely Apparatus : Measuring cylinders, polystyrene cup with covers, thermometer Material : 2.0 mol dm3 sodium hydroxide, 2.0 mol dm3 ethanoic acid, 2.0 mol dm3 hydrochloric acid SCORE 3 SCORE 3 SCORE 3 SCORE 3
3 (a)
3 (b)
3 (c)
3 (d)
86
3 (e)
RUBRIC Able to state a complete experimental procedure
SCORE 3
1. Measure 50 cm3 of 2.0 mol dm-3 sodium hydroxide solution, NaOH 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

solution using a measuring cylinder. Pour it into a polystyrene cup with a cover. Measure 50 cm3 of 2.0 mol dm-3 hydrochloric solution, HCl solution using another measuring cylinder. Pour it into another polystyrene cup with a cover. Leave both the polystyrene cups on the table for 5 minutes. After 5 minutes, measure and record the initial temperatures of both the solution. Pour the hydrochloric acid, HCl quickly and carefully into the polystyrene cup containing sodium hydroxide solution. Stir the mixture using the thermometer. Record the highest temperature of the reaction mixture. Repeat steps 1 to 5 using ethanoic acid to replace the hydrochloric acid.
3 (f)
RUBRIC Able to tabulate the data correctly Hydrochloric acid Initial temperature of alkali, C Initial temperature of acid, oC Highest temperature of the reaction mixture, oC
o
SCORE 3 Ethanoic acid
PAPER 3 SET 7
1 (a) RUBRIC Able to record all the readings accurately to two decimal points with units. Sample answer: Activity I : 26.05 cm3, 26.90 cm3, 30.05 cm3 Activity II : 13.30 cm3, 25.85 cm3, 38.45 cm3 SCORE 3
1(b)
RUBRIC Able to construct a table containing the following information: 1. Headings in the table 2. Transfer all data from 1(a) correctly 3. With units Sample answer: Titration number Initial burette reading / cm3 Final burette reading / cm3 Volume of acid / cm3
SCORE 3
87
RUBRIC 1 2 3 0.80 13.40 25.90 13.30 25.85 38.45 12.50 12.45 12.55
SCORE
1(c)
RUBRIC Able to show all the steps to calculate the concentration of sulphuric acid correctly. Sample answer: Step 1: Write the chemical equation: 2NaOH + H2SO4 Na2SO4 + 2H2O Step 2: Calculating the number of moles of sodium hydroxide Number of mol of NaOH : 0.1 x 25 // 0.0025 1000 Step 3: Calculating the concentration of sulphuric acid Concentration of H2SO4 : ( 0.0025 x 1000 ) // 0.1 mol/dm3 12.50 x 2 RUBRIC Able to state the colour change correctly Sample answer: Activity I : Pink change to colourless Activity II : Yellow change to orange Able to state the correct type of acid in activity I and II and give the correct reason. Sample answer: Type of acid : Activity I use monoprotic acid and Activity II use diprotic acid. Reason : The volume of acid used in activity I is twice with the volume of acid used in activity II. RUBRIC Able to state the colour change correctly Sample answer: Yellow change to orange and finally change to red RUBRIC Able to predict the volume with the unit Sample answer: More than 25.00 cm3 // 25.05 50.00 cm3 Able to state all the variable correctly Manipulated Variable : Type of acid uses // type of indicator Responding Vvariable : Volume of acid to neutralize 25.0 cm3 of mol dm-3 sodium hydroxide solution // Change in the colour of the indicator. Fixed Variable : Concentration and volume of sodium hydroxide solution. RUBRIC Able to state the hypothesis (relate the manipulated variable with the responding variable) correctly. Sample answer: If use different type of acid to neutralize 25.0 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 sodium hydroxide solution, the volume of acid use also different// Different indicator used in the titration create different colour.
SCORE 3
1(d)
SCORE 3
1(e)
1(f)
SCORE 3
1(g)
SCORE 3
1(h)
1(i)
SCORE 3
88
RUBRIC RUBRIC Able to give the operational definition for the end-point of titration in activity I correctly. Able to describe the following criteria (i) What should be done (ii) What should be observed Sample answer: When hydrochloric acid is added to sodium hydroxide solution with phenolphthalein, pink turns to colourless.
SCORE SCORE 3
1(j)
1(k)
RUBRIC Able to classify all the acids into strong acid and weak acid correctly. Sample answer: Strong acid Nitric acid Phosphoric acid
SCORE 3
Weak acid Ethanoic acid Ascorbic acid RUBRIC SCORE 3
2(a)
Able to state the inference accurately Sample answer When alcohol react with carboxylic acid, ester is formed//Esters have sweet pleasant smell property RUBRIC Able to construct a table correctly with the following information: 1. Columns with titles for alcohol, carboxylic acid, Ester 2. Name of all alcohols, carboxylic acid and ester Alcohol Methanol Ethanol Propanol Carboxylic acid Ethanoic acid Propanoic acid Methanoic acid Ester Methyl ethanoate Ethyl propanoate Propyl methanoate
2(b)
SCORE 3
2(c)
RUBRIC Able to name the alcohol and carboxylic acid correctly. Alcohol: Propanol Carboxylic acid: Butanoic acid RUBRIC
SCORE 3
SCORE 3
2(d)(i)
Able to state the three variables correctly. Sample answer Manipulated variable : Hexane and hexene Responding variable : Colour change of bromine water // colour change of potassium manganate (VII) solution Fixed variable : Bromine water//acidified potassium manganate (VII) solution
89
RUBRIC 2(d) (ii) Able to state the hypothesis accurately Sample answer: Hexene declourised the brown colour of bromine water, hexane does not// Hexene declourised the purple colour of acidified potassium manganate(VII) solution, hexane does not RUBRIC Able to predict and Marke explanations accurately Answer
SCORE 3
2(d)(iii)
SCORE 3
1. Hexene 2. Percentage of carbon atoms per molecule hexene is higher than hexane 3. Percentage of carbon in hexane = 72 x 100
84 = 85.71 % 4. Percentage of carbon in hexane = 72 x 100 86 = 83.72 % RUBRIC Able to state the problem statement accurately Sample answer Are the effectiveness of the cleansing action of soap and detergent in hard water different? RUBRIC Able to state the three variables accurately. Answer Manipulated variable: Soap and detergent Responding variable: Effectiveness of cleansing action // the ability to remove the oily stains on cloth Fixed variable: cloth with oily stains, hard water RUBRIC Able to state the hypothesis accurately with direction Sample answer The cleansing action of a detergent is more effective in hard water than a soap RUBRIC Able to state the complete list of apparatus and material as follows List of apparatus : 2 beakers, , glass rod List of material : Hard water, soft water, soap and detergent solution, 2 pieces of cloths stained with oil RUBRIC Able to state procedures correctly as follows SCORE 3 SCORE 3 SCORE 3 SCORE
3(a)
3(b)
SCORE 3
3(c)
3(d)
3(e)
1. [50 - 200] cm3 of hard water is poured into a beaker 2. Soap is added into the beakers
90
3. 4. 5. 6.
A piece of cloth stained with oil is immersed in the solution The cloth is shaken/rubbed/stirred Observation is recorded Repeat steps 1 6 by using detergent . RUBRIC SCORE
3(f)
Able to tabulate the data correctly Sample answer Type of cleaning agent Soap Detergent
3 Observation
91

Modul Perfect Score SBP Chemistry SPM 2013 SKEMA

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@Hak cipta BPSBPSK/SBP/2013

BAHAGIAN PENGURUSAN SEKOLAH BERASRAMA PENUH DAN SEKOLAH KLUSTER

JAWAPAN MODUL PERFECT SCORE & X A-PLUS 2013

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(ii) Electron (e) (i) W and X

Question No 2 (a) (b) (i) (ii) (c) (i) (ii)

W and Y Atom W and Y have the same number of valence electrons

(iii) To estimate the age of fossils /artefacts.

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Question No. 3 (a) (i) (ii) (iii) 35 18 = 17

(iv) (b) (i) (ii)

Number of electrons = 2 Liquid

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(a) (b) (i) (ii) (iii)

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(a) (b) (i)

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Question No. (a) (i) 7 (ii)

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11p1 12n 2 eeeor

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Ionic compound Soluble in water. Water molecule is polar solvent.

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Inovelve sharing of electron

Boiling point and melting point

3. X atom with an electron arrangement of 2.8.2 donates 2 valence electrons to

4. Y atom with an electron arrangement of 2.6 accept 2 electrons to achieve the

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P: naphthalene // any suitable answer Q: lead(II) bromide // any suitable answer

Observation Colourless solution obtained Solid crystals insoluble in liquid

[Conclusion] eg ZY is insoluble in organic solvent/[named organic solvent] but soluble in water.

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1 1 Functional diagram Labeled TOTAL

Mole of water Number of molecules

= 0.9/ 18 = 0.05 = 0.05 x 6.02 x 1023 = 0.3 x 1023 // 3 x 1022 1 1 1

Mole of carbon dioxide = 2.2 / 44 = 0.05

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= 0.05 x 6.02 x 1023 = 0.3 x 1023 // 3 x 1022

Number of molecule is simmilar

(i) (ii) (iii) (iv)

1 1 1 1+1 times until a

6(18) x 100% 59 2(35.5) 6(18)

= 108 x 100% 238

(i) (ii) (iii)

Mole of oxygen = 46.35 - 45.15 16 = 1.2 = 0.075 16

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(iii) (c) (i)