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Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engr.

Francis University of Hawaii at Manoa


OConnor

Instructor: Dr. Oceana TA: Sean Kanoa

Fall 2013 THE LAB REPORT FOR CEE320 CEE320: Fluid Mechanics Fundamentals includes a laboratory portion, used primarily to demonstrate the principles covered during lectures. A purely textual treatment of a subject is often insufficient for its complete understanding, and this is certainly the case with fluid mechanics. Thus, the laboratory session is an integral part of CEE320. The laboratory is also designed to help us learn how to write technical reports, and how to work toward a common goal with other students. Read the Laboratory Manual prior to attending the lab, and be clear about the quantities that will be measured during the experiment. Also, prepare any necessary tables and sheets to be used for recording data during the experiment. Please use a pen to record data; do not use a pencil. If a measured value needs to be corrected, do not erase the number completely; rather, cross it out with a single line and write the new number beside it. For lab reports, the most emphasis is undoubtedly placed on its technical content. In addition, reports will be graded based upon their readability, sentence structure, grammar, spelling and organization. The pages of the report should be numbered, and legends for points and lines in graphs should be included. Each report including its equations, figures and plots should be typed or drawn on a computer. Handwritten reports will not be accepted. The following is a list of sections that should be included in every report: 1. Title Page Type the laboratory number and the title of the experiment, along with the author's name and the dates the experiment was conducted and the report submitted. Also, list the names of other group members. 2. Abstract Give a summary of the experiment, including its findings. Be concise, direct and informative. 3. Introduction Introduce the physical background of the experiment, such as related phenomena we observe in nature and the engineering applications. Explain the theory (if one exists) behind the experiment. Clearly state the objective or intent of the experiment. 4. Apparatus and Supplies List all instruments and supplies that were used in the experiment. Give specific descriptions of these instruments such as its size, range of measurement, and accuracy. Illustrate the experimental set-up with technical drawings.

5. Procedures Describe the experimental procedure in detail. Clearly state what quantities were measured and how they were measured. 6. Equations List all the equations that were used in your computations in the report. 7. Experimental Results Present the results with descriptions, figures, and tables. Also, attach the sheet of raw data recorded during the experiment at the end of the report. This sheet does not need to be re-typed on the computer; attach the original sheet. 8. Error Analysis Discuss the source or cause of any significant errors in the experiment based on instrument accuracy, the number of tests conducted, and other factors. In addition, errors should be quantified and their influence on the results explored. Please note that errors should be calculated based purely on the accuracy of the instruments used and the number of tests performed. The difference between the experimental result and the theoretical prediction is just that a difference. It is not the experimental error. 9. Conclusions State the conclusions based on the experimental measurements and observations. Never attempt to adjust the experimental results in order to fit certain theoretical predictions. Present faithfully what was truly observed and recorded. A significant discrepancy between the experimental result and an existing theory can be caused by measurement errors. It can also be, however, a new scientific discovery. 10. Recommendations for Further Studies Include comments on whether the experimental set-up was adequate to carry out the objective of the investigation and whether any improvement is needed. Discuss if and what further research on the subject should be pursued. 11. References These are books and papers actually referred to in your report. List author(s), date, title, journal or publisher, volume number and page numbers. 12. Appendices These are items that are related to your report but which would, if included in the main body of the report, distract the reader. The most obvious example involves sample calculations. Another example is those very long and detailed derivations of certain theoretical formulas. As for writing style, a technical report should be as formal as possible. The following list gives us a few hints on how to write a good technical report: A. Do not use casual words or phrases in a technical report such as, The experiment is cool. Instead, write, The experiment was well designed and many interesting results were obtained.

B. Do not describe the experimental procedure as if you were telling a story such as, Mary came at 1 o'clock and she measured the flow rate, or David seemed unhappy that day and made several mistakes so we had to repeat the experiment for many times. Do not mention any personal names in the report. It may help to use the passive voice. C. Do not use I as a subject in a technical report. Instead of I measured the pressure difference between..., write The pressure difference between... was measured by using a monometer, or We measured the pressure... Also, do not write From these results, I can see that...; instead, write The results show that..., or From these results, we can see that... D. Be consistent about your choice of verb tense. Since experiments are conducted before corresponding reports are written, the past tense is appropriate in describing the experiment. E. Do not use contractions (short forms), such as can't and doesn't; instead, write can not and does not.

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