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Wage distortion A situation where an increase in prescribed wage rates results in the elimination or severe contraction of intentional qualitative

differences in wage or salary rates between & among employee groups in an establishment. As to effectively obliterate the distinctions in the wage structure based on skills, length of service or other logical bases of differentiation. 4 Elements of wage distortion (Eh-SES) (1) Existing hierarchy of positions with corresponding salary rates; (2) A significant change in the salary rate of a lower pay class without a concomitant increase in the salary rate of a higher one; (3) The elimination of the distinction between the two levels; and (4) The existence of the distortion in the same region of the country. [Prubankers Assn. v. Prudential Bank and Co., 1999] Emergency overtime (Art. 89) [5 grounds] a. When the country is at war or when any other national or local emergency has been declared by the National Assembly or the Chief Executive; b. When it is necessary to prevent loss of life or property or in case of imminent danger to public safety due to an actual or impending emergency in the locality caused by serious accidents, fire, flood, typhoon, earthquake, epidemic, or other disaster or calamity; c. When there is urgent work to be performed on machines, installations, or equipment, in order to avoid serious loss or damage to the employer or some other cause of similar nature; d. When the work is necessary to prevent loss or damage to perishable goods; and e. Where the completion or continuation of the work started before the eighth hour is necessary to prevent serious obstruction or prejudice to the business or operations of the employer. When employer may require work on a rest day (Art. 92) [6 grounds] a. In case of actual or impending emergencies caused by serious accident, fire, flood, typhoon, earthquake, epidemic or other disaster or calamity to prevent loss of life and property, or imminent danger to public safety; b. In cases of urgent work to be performed on the machinery, equipment, or installation, to avoid serious loss which the employer would otherwise suffer; c. In the event of abnormal pressure of work due to special circumstances, where the employer cannot ordinarily be expected to resort to other measures; d. To prevent loss or damage to perishable goods; e. Where the nature of the work requires continuous operations and the stoppage of work may result in irreparable injury or loss to the employer; and f. Under other circumstances analogous or similar to the foregoing as determined by the Secretary of Labor and Employment.

OVERTIME PAY Additional compensation for work performed beyond 8 hours a day

PREMIUM PAY Additional compensation for work performed within 8 hours on nonworking days such as rest days and special days/special holiday

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