Applied Physics 186 Investigative Project

Presented by: Elexis Mae A. Torres

Face Recognition
To establish a computational model that could detect and distinguish human faces from each other.
Applications: o criminal identification o security systems o image and film processing o human-computer interaction

M. Turk and A. Pentland, "Eigenfaces for Recognition", Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 71-86, 1991, hard copy

Face Recognition via PCA

o Sirovich and Kirby 1987

used principal components to represent human faces.

o Turk and Pentland 1991

extended to face detection and recognition.

Sheng Zhang and Matthew Turk (2008) Eigenfaces. Scholarpedia, 3(9):4244.

Principal Components Analysis

to reduce the dimensionality of a data set consisting of a large number of interrelated variables, while retaining as much as possible of the variation present in the data set. This is achieved by transforming to a new set of variables, the principal components (PCs), which are uncorrelated, and which are ordered so that the first few retain most of the variation present in all of the original variables. 1

1 Jolliffe,

I. (1986). Principal Component Analysis. Springer Verlag.

3 Main Steps
1. 2. 3.

Obtaining a training set Derivation of eigenfaces via PCA Face recognition using a test set

1 Jolliffe,

I. (1986). Principal Component Analysis. Springer Verlag.

Training Set
o o o o

consists of five 64x64 grayscaled face images used detectfaces(), imcrop(), imresize() histogram manipulation transformed into a 4096x5 matrix matrix T

Derivation of Eigenfaces
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

calculated for the mean face rowmean subtracted mean face from training set A = T - rowmean derived covariance matrix C = AT A applied pca() on C multiplied eigenvectors to A to get eigenfaces [ef1,ef2,ef3, ef4]

Recognizing Face Images in Test Set

1. 2. 3.

subtracted mean face from input image diffim = inputim rowmean calculate for the coefficients/weights of each eigenface w1 = ef1*diffim sum up to reconstruct input image reim = w1*(u1(i)) + w2*(u2(i)) + w3*(u3(i)) + w4*(u4(i)

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Training Set

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Training Set and Mean Face

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Difference Matrix A

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Four Eigenfaces

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Four Eigenfaces

Test Set 1
Inputim :

Results and Discussion

Face images of people from the training set

Reim :

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Test Set 1
Inputim :

Results and Discussion

Face images of people from the training set

Reim :

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Test Set 1
Inputim :

Results and Discussion

Face images of people from the training set

Reim :

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Test Set 2
Inputim :

Results and Discussion

Face images of people NOT in the training set

Reim :

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Test Set 3
Inputim :

Results and Discussion

Non-faces

Reim :

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Testing Set 3
Comparing reconstructed images

Results and Discussion

Faces :

Non-faces :

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SUCCESS
faces already in the training set facial expressions face orientation

FAILURE
faces not in the training set non-faces

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o obtain more face images for the training set o improve classification to resolve face vs. non-face problem

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 Dog: http://t3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQobNsAQ8bS3gtUwccUb 2O-yMtGGrh6lG9pSk54b1QQp3-lwi9O Earth: http://t0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcRwrV9PFyueuhEkN5he2Oz9N55lAHi2HDtzNOTgbRbUC3R3XbN Car: http://www.extremetech.com/wpcontent/uploads/2012/12/Audi-A1.jpg

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