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Lesson Plans - Indices

A. When a number us multiplied by itself a certain numbers of times, it can be expressed in index notation, as an where a x a x a x a xx a = an n factors a is known as the base and n is the index. Conversely, any number expressed in index notation can be written as a repeated multiplication. Ex. a. Express 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 in index notation = 24 4 factors b. Express (-6)3 = -6 x (-6) x (-6) B. Finding the value of an

The value of any number expressed in index notation, an, can be found by expressing it as

repeated multiplication and then multiplying the numbers. Evaluate the following: a. 34 = 3 x 3 x 3 x 3 = 81 b. ( -2)3 = - 2 x (-2) x (-2) = - 8 5 5 5 5 125 C. Expressing numbers in index notation. Certain numbers can be expressed in index notation by following the steps below: 1. Expressing the number as repeated multiplication of a number. 2. Convert the repeated multiplication to index notation. Ex. Express each of the following in index notation. a. 125 (base 5) = 5 x 5 x 5 = 53 b. 81 (base ) = x x x = ( )4 256 Worksheet No. 4 for practice mastery.

Multiplication of Numbers in Index Notation A. Multiplication of numbers or algebraic terms expressed in index notation with the same bases can be simplified by adding the up the indices while keeping the base unchanged: am x an = am+n Example: Simplify the following: a. 34 x 32 = 34+2 = 36 b. 2p2 x 3p4 x 4p = ( 2 x 3 x 4) x (p2 x p4 x p) = 24p2+4+1 = 24p7 Board work: Simplify the following: 1. 23 x 22 = 2 5 2. 7 x 76 = 77 4 3 7 3. 4 x 4 = 4 4. 58 x 154 = 1512 5. 189 x 185 = 1814 Division of Numbers in Index Notation B. Division of numbers or algebraic terms expressed in index notation with the same bases can be simplified by subtracting the indices while keeping the bases unchanged, that is, a m an = am n Example: Simplify the following: a. 36 32 = 3 6-2 = 34 b. 24m5 3m2 = 24m5 = 24 x m5-2 = 8m3 3 m2 3

Board work: Simplify the following: 1. 26 = 25 2. 511 = 54 3. 1312 135 = 137 2 57 4. 76 72 = 74 5. P12 = p8 P4

Multiplication of Numbers in Index Notation

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Lesson Plans - Indices


A. Multiplication of numbers or algebraic terms expressed in index notation with the same bases can be simplified by adding the up the indices while keeping the base unchanged: am x an = am+n Example: Simplify the following: a. 34 x 32 = 34+2 = 36 b. 2p2 x 3p4 x 4p = ( 2 x 3 x 4) x (p 2 x p4 x p) = 24p2+4+1 = 24p7 Board work: Simplify the following: 1. 23 x 22 = 2 5 2. 7 x 76 = 77 4 3 7 3. 4 x 4 = 4 4. 58 x 154 = 1512 5. 189 x 185 = 1814 Division of Numbers in Index Notation B. Division of numbers or algebraic terms expressed in index notation with the same bases can be simplified by subtracting the indices while keeping the bases unchanged, that is, a m an = am n Example: Simplify the following: a. 36 32 = 3 6-2 = 34 b. 24m5 3m2 = 24m5 = 24 x m5-2 = 8m3 3 m2 3

D. Multiplication and division of numbers and algebraic ters expressed in index notation with different bases raised to a power. + When the multiplication of numbers or algebraic terms expressed in index notation with different bases is raised to a certain power, it can be simplified by multiplying the index of each term in the multiplication to the power, that is (am x bn)p = amp x bnp Example: a. (33 x 5)4 = 312 x 54 b. (4r3s2t2)3 = 43 r3x3s2x3t2x3 = 64r9s6t6 When the division of numbers or algebraic terms expressed in index notation with different bases is raised to a certain power it can be simplified by multiplying the index of each term in the bracket to the power that , that is, (am)p = amp bn = bnp Simplify the following: a. (24)2 = 28 b. (p4 q2)3 = p12 q6 2 4 3 3 Negative Integral Indices Note: 1. a m x an = am+n 2. am an = am-n 3. a0 = 1 4. a-n = 1/an 3. 1/an = na 4. am/n =(am)1/n = (a1/n ) m = nam = (na)m Stating a-n = 1/an and vice versa For the positive integer n, a-1 = 1/a and a-n = 1/an For example: 2-1 = 3-4 = 1/34 Page2

Board work: Simplify the following: 1. 26 = 25 2. 511 = 54 3. 1312 135 = 137 2 57 4. 76 72 = 74 5. P12 = p8 P4

C. Raising Numbers and Algebraic Terms in index notation to a power. + When a number or an algebraic terms expressed in index notation is raised to a power, it can be simplified by multiplying the indices, that is (am)n = amn Simplify: a. (32)5 = 310 b. (p3)7 = p21 c. (q4)4 = q16

Lesson Plans - Indices

Conversely, 1/5 = 5-1 and 1/ 73 = 7-3 State each of the following in the form of 1/an a. 8-4 = 1/84 b. 15-2 = 1/152 c. 3-5 = 1/35 d. b-5 = 1/b5 a. 1/5 = 5-1 b. 1/65 = 6-5 c. 1/82 = 82

Solution:

Negative Indices

In general:

Example 12

Example 13

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Lesson Plans - Indices

Solution:

Solution:

Fractional Indices: A. Stating a1/n as na and vice versa

Algebraic Index Expressions


To simplify algebraic expressions, remove the brackets first. Then use the index laws and express the answer with positive indices.

For positive integers a and n, a1/n = na Example: 31/2 = 3 and 41/3 = 34

Example 14

State the following in the form of na a. 241/4 = 424 b. 12 1/3 = 312 c. 1251/5 = 5125 Vice versa: State in index notation form: a. 327 = 271/3 b. 9 = 91/2 c. 7128 = 1281/7 Page2

Lesson Plans - Indices

What about a fractional exponent like a square root (1/2), in any order. Let me explain.

43/2 ?

That is really saying to do a cube (3) and

Finding the value of a1/n Ex. 6251/4 = 4 625 = 5 x 5 x 5 x 5 = 5 Or: 6251/4 = (54)1/4 = 5 4 x = 51 =5

A fraction (like m/n) can be broken into two parts: a whole number part (m) , and a fraction (1/n) part

Ex.2. 327 = 327 = 3 x 3 x 3 =3 Or


3

So, because m/n = m (1/n) we can do this:

27 = (33)1/3

= 3 3 x 1/3 =3 Stating a m/n

The order does not matter, so it also works for m/n = (1/n) m:

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