Tracheophyta Lycopodiophyta Isoetopsida Selaginellaceae (Spike moss family) Isoetaceae (quillwort family) Perennial herbs, rarely tree like

e Aquatic and terrestrial perennial herbs resurrection plants

Dichopodial Endarch protoxylem adventitious Dichopodial Endarch protoxylem Adventitious endogenous Exarch protoxylem HABIT -Protostelic Vertically oriented Corm-like Sporophytic (lycophylls) W/ leaf ligules (@ the apex) Simple, spiral in a basal rosette Blades- basally widen; Basally sheathing Apically linear to acicular Flat to terete Singe midrid Dorsiventral with transverse dehiscence (traveculae) Open by tissue degredation Heterosporous (adaxial) Covered with velum Megasporangia -outer leaf Megaspores- large, trilete, spore sculpturing Microsporangia- inner leaf Microspores- small monolete,numerous endosporic

Lycopodiaceae
Dichopodial Endarch protoxylem Adventitious Endogenous Exarch protoxylem Dichopodial rhizomes/corms Some Pseudomonial

ROOTS

Sporophytic (lycophylls) Simple, sessile, spiral, whorled Blades scale-like to acicular Some Heteromorphic Single midrib eligulate

LEAVES

VASCULATURE: Protostele (Exarch /Mesarch) Exarch protoxylem Dichopodial Some Pseudomonial/sympodial HABIT -Erect, cespitose,prostate,climbing Sporophytic (lycophylls) Adaxially ligulate simple, sessile,spiral single midrib (microphyllous) Blades (homomorphic,dimorphic, in 4 rows)

STEMS

SPORANGIA

Dorsiventral with transverse dehiscence Homosporous Reniform (Sporopylls)

Dorsiventral with transverse dehiscence Heterosporous Megaspore-F&M gametophyte -occurs on short stalks in the axils of ligulate sporophylls Group together in Strobilli

Mycorrhizal Epiterranean &photosynthetic Subterranean &saprophytic

GAM ETOP HYTE

endosporic

Tracheophyta Euphyllophyta Monilophyta (30KB chloroplast DNA inversion) Psilotopsida Equisetopsida (horsetails/scouringrush family) Consist of perennial herbs Growing in/ near wet habitat
Monopodial Exarch protoxylem

Ophioglossales (ophioglossoid ferns) Terrestrial, perennial herbs

Psilotales (whisk Ferns)

Marattiopsida Large, terrestrial ferns Tissues with mucilage canals

Monopodial Exarch Protoxylem w/ underground Rhizome fleshy No root hairs and root branches Sometimes w/ adventitious buds

Monopodial

ROOTS

Exarch protoxylem Lack true roots (only absorptive

rhizomes)

Monopodial Exarch protoxylem

Mesarch Protoxylem VASCULATURE : Siphonostele Aerial stems : ridged,hallow, w/ canals, photosynthetic, silica inclusions <epidermis>

Mesarch Protoxylem VASCULATURE : prostele/ ectophloic siphonostele Subterranean Erect Underground stem (rhizome, forms colonies ) Lateral brances SHOOTS ;Dimorphic (aerial), Photosynthetic (vegetative), nonphotosyn (reproductive)

Mesarch Protoxylem VASCULATURE : Protostele/ solenostele Dichotomously branching Underground : rhizoid bearing rhizome w/ endophytic mycorrhizae Aerial stems: photosynthetic, terete, ridged/ flattened

STEMS

Mesarch protoxylem Polycyclic siphonostle Rhizomatous &erect Stout &trunk-like The anatomy a polycyclic dictyostele

Distinctive leaves (euphylls) reduced, small, simple, whorled microphyllous non-photosyn @maturity laterally connate into a sheath w/ distinct tooth-like apices

homosporous Terminal position Sporangiophores w/ Longitudinal dehiscent sporangia Photosynthetic spores SPORES: green, w/ 4 spatulate, hygroscopic elaters

SPORANGIA

Distinctive leaves /Frond (euphylls) w/ sterile segment (w/ photosynthetic blades/lamina w/ fertile segment (w/ sporangia) solitary, lacking circinate vernation BLADE : simple unlobed/compounded to divided VENATION: dichotomous/reticulate Lacking SORI Homosporous Eusporongiate (EUSPORANGIA) Terminal position Transverse dehiscence SPORES: tetrahedral &trilete

LEAVES

Distinctive leaves (euphylls) Simple, spiral, distichous, Reduced, peg-like Lack vascular strands (enations) Blades: small &subulate to scale-like, vertically oriented w/ single midrib (microphyllous)

Pinnatiion: simple/1-4 Vernation: circinate Large mature leaves Petioles &rachillae w/ swollen pulvini Prominent pneumatodes (lenticels) SORI: abaxial, intra marginal, exindusiate

homosporous Terminal position Eusporangiate Longitudinal dehiscence Sporophyte: w/horizontal rhizome(gives rise to the aerial stems) -independent, dominant, free-living 2/3-lobed (synangium) SPORES: reniform &monolete Non-photosynthetic Cylindrical, saprophytic, micorrizal SPERM: multiflagellate subterranean haploid small,obscure, free-living in/on the soil

Homosporous Distinct Vertically dehiscent Found on the abaxial surface of leaflet blades Eusporangiate Arranged in a ring /Fused in the synangium SPORES: trilete, monolete/ alete photosynthetic large thalloid

GAMETOPHYTE

Photosynthetic Cussion-like

Non-photosynthetic w/ mycorrhizal fungi / mycotrophic subterranean

Tracheophyta Euphyllophyta Monilophyta (30KB chloroplast DNA inversion) Polypodiopsida (Leptosporangiate Ferns) Osmundales (Cinnamon Fern Family) ROOTS
Exarch Protoxylem Monopodial

Hymenophyllaceae (filmy fern family)

Exarch Protoxylem Monopodial

Gleicheniaceae (forking fern family)

Exarch Protoxylem

Lygodiaceae (climbing Fern family)

Exarch Protoxylem

Monopodial Steles w/ 3-5 protoxylem

poles

Monopodial

Antheridia w/ walls w/ 6-12

Erect Ectophloic siphonostele Rhizomatous Rhizome (w/out scales) Slender & creeping Stoud & erect protostelic 1 cell thick Stomata, cuticle,blade scales ABSENT Trichomes (sometimes present) Venation: OPEN narrow twisted curved cells rhizomatous Rhizome: creeping, Dichotomous Protostele :vitalized Indeterminate growth Pseudodichotomously branced 1-2 pinnate Veins free Rhizomatous Rhizomes: slender, creeping, bearing hairs, protostelic DImorphic Indeterminate w/ rachis Rachis:elongate, twining, climbing ; bears pinnae alternately Pinnae: pseudodichotomously branced Veins: free/ anastomosing LEPTOSPORANGUIM w/ ANNULUS transverse, subapical &continuous SPORANGIA: 1 per sorus SPORES: tetrahedral, trilete

STEMS LEAVES

1-2 pinnate/pinnatifid Stipulate (found at the base of petioles Dimorphic

SPORANGIA

LEPTOSPORANGIUM w/ ANNULUS :lateral SORI &INDUSIA: ABSENT Abaxial surface of leaves Have large bodies &short stalk Dehiscing by an apical slit SPORES: green Sublobose, Trilete

GAMET OPHYTE

Large , green cordate &surficial Chromosome# x=22

LEPTOSPORANGUIM w/ANNULUS: oblique SORI: marginal Receptacle- elongate &continuous w/ vein tips INDUSIA: present &conical, tubular/2-lobed Basipetalous SPORES: green globose &trilete Filamentous/ribbon-like Reproducing by Fragmentation/gemmae

LEPTOSPORANGUIM w/ ANNULUS: transversely oblique SORI- round, abaxial, not marginal, exindusiate SPORANGIA: round-pear shape, 2-12 sporandgia per sorus, develops simultaneously SPORES: globose-tetrahedral/ bilateral, trilete/monolete 128800 per sporangium Large, green , superficial Hairs: club-shaped Developing endorophic mycorrhizae

Green cordate, surficial