Rutgers University Anthropology 519 SPRING 2008 T 2:15-5:15

Professor Angelique Haugerud <haugerud@rci.rutgers.edu>

ANTHROPOLOGY OF POLITICS This seminar explores approaches to power and politics in anthropology and related disciplines. We begin with a look at contrasting notions of power, so that throughout the semester we can trace expressions of such theoretical distinctions in works assigned. Next we examine some of political anthropologys classics or foundation works, and the reappraisals and dissent they sparked. Here the anthropology of politics becomes a window on the history of theory in the wider discipline: the emergence of structural-functionalism, alternatives to and critiques of that model, the turn away from anthropologys Enlightenment legacy and toward analysis of unequal power relations between the West and the Third World, with attention to histories of colonialism and capitalism, and more recently postmodernity, neoliberal globalization, cosmopolitanism, and transnationalism. The anthropology of politics, like the discipline more broadly, repeatedly engages and absorbs crisis. It has grappled with reconceptualizations of the state, violence, nature, citizenship, sovereignty, ideology, civil society, national and ethnic identity, gender, development, resistance, modernity, empire, social movements, academic freedom, and public engagements with diverse interlocutors. A particular contribution of anthropology to political knowledge, as Joan Vincent suggests, is to discern and expose infrapolitics, or the politics below the surface realities we study. We shall explore this and many other ways of construing a twenty-first-century anthropology of politics. Course Objectives To provide graduate students with knowledge of the history of theory, fundamental concepts, paradigms, and debates in the anthropology of politics. To help graduate students understand past and present forms of political activity in their doctoral field research sites, and to explore political dimensions of their emerging dissertation projects.

**** Requirements: Since a productive seminar is a collective endeavor, students are encouraged to participate actively in seminar discussions and are required to complete all assigned readings on time and to attend all classes. Writing assignments include weekly informal response papers (1-2 pages) and three short essays (7-10 pages) on assigned readings. Grades will be based on students written and oral contributions to the seminar, as follows: 3 short essays = 60% (20% for each: due February 22, March 28, and May 6); oral contributions and informal written responses to readings = 40%. Late work will be penalized. By 6:00 p.m. each Wednesday, students are to e-mail to the instructor brief informal comments on each of that weeks readings. These written remarks can be a mix of comments such as The discussion of X led me to reconsider., reactions such as I like/dislike the approach of this article because, and questions such as What did the author mean by.? I will use your written responses to the readings to structure the seminar discussion and my introductory remarks. If unusual circumstances require a student to miss a seminar meeting, s/he should inform the instructor of the reason for the absence before the class meets. Since seminar knowledge is cumulative, and each weeks readings and discussions build on those of previous weeks, a student who misses a class must make up the work promptly by e-mailing to the instructor, no later than the Monday afternoon following

the missed class, a 4-5 page discussion paper on the readings assigned for that weeks seminar meeting. (About half of the discussion paper should summarize the readings and half should be analysis/critique/questions.)

Required readings include articles available through the librarys electronic reserve, and the following paperback text: The Anthropology of Politics, 2002, Joan Vincent, ed. Oxford: Blackwell (available for purchase at Douglass Campus Bookstore).
Note: In readings listed below, ER denotes items available on electronic reserve, and AP denotes chapters in the required textbook, The Anthropology of Politics, 2002, Joan Vincent, ed.

Week 1/Jan. 24 INTRODUCTION TO THE SEMINAR Week 2/Jan. 31 WHAT IS POWER? --John Gledhill, 2000, "Locating the political: a political anthropology for today," pp. 1-22, in Power and Its Disguises. London: Pluto Press. --Eric Wolf, 1990, Facing PowerOld Insights, New Questions. Distinguished Lecture delivered at annual meeting of the American Anthropological Association, November 1989. [AP, pp. 222-233] --Max Weber, Domination by Economic Power and by Authority. In Power, Steven Lukes, ed., pp. 2836. New York University Press. [ER] --Michel Foucault, 1986[1976], Disciplinary Power and Subjection. In Power, Steven Lukes, ed., pp. 229-242. New York University Press. [ER] --Georg Simmel, Domination and Freedom. In Power, Steven Lukes, ed., pp. 203-210. New York University Press. [ER] --Steven Lukes, 1986, Introduction. In Power, Steven Lukes, ed., pp. 1-18. New York University Press. [ER] --Lionel Tiger, 2000, Power is a liquid, not a solid. Social Science Information 39(1): 5-16. [ER]

Week 3/Feb. 7 CLASSICS AND CLASSICS REVISITED, I --E.E. Evans-Pritchard, 2002[1940], Nuer Politics: Structure and System. In AP, pp. 34-38. --Sharon E. Hutchinson, 2002[2000], Nuer Ethnicity Militarized. In AP, pp. 39-52. --Max Gluckman, 2002[1958], The Bridge: Analysis of a Social Situation in Modern Zululand. In AP, pp. 53-58. --Ronald Frankenberg, 2002[1982], The Bridge Revisited. In AP, pp. 59-64. --Talal Asad, 2002[1972], Market Model, Class Structure and Consent: A Reconsideration of Swat Political Organization. In AP, pp. 65-81. --Joan Vincent, 2002, Introduction. In AP, pp. 1-13. --Joan Vincent, 2002, Introduction to Part II, Classics and Classics Revisited. In AP, pp. 29-33.

Week 4/Feb. 14 CLASSICS AND CLASSICS REVISITED, II --Edmund Leach, 1954, Political Systems of Highland Burma (selections). Boston: Beacon Press. [ER] --David Nugent, 1982, Closed Systems and Contradictions: The Kachin In and Out of History. Man 17:508-527. [ER]

--Edmund Leach, 1983, Imaginary Kachins (Reply to Nugent), Man 18(1):191-199. [ER] --David Nugent, 1983, Reply to Leach, Man 18(1):199-206. [ER] --Chris Fuller and Jonathan Parry, 1989, Petulant inconsistency? The intellectual achievement of Edmund Leach. Anthropology Today 5(3):11-14. [ER] --F.G. Bailey, Stratagems and Spoils. In AP, pp. 90-95. --Victor W. Turner, Passages, Margins, and Poverty: Religious Symbols of Communitas. In AP, pp. 96-101. --Marc J. Swartz, Victor W. Turner, and Arthur Tuden, Political Anthropology. In AP, pp. 102-109. Reference (optional): Joan Vincent, 1986, System and Process, 1974-1985. Annual Review of Anthropology 15:99-119. [ER]

Week 5/Feb. 21 THE 1960s AND BEYOND: RADICAL CHALLENGES

--Ernest Gellner, 1996, "The Politics of Anthropology," pp. 11-26, in Anthropology and Politics: Revolutions in The Sacred Grove. Oxford: Blackwell. --Kathleen Gough, New Proposals for Anthropologists. In AP, pp. 110-119. --Eric Wolf, National Liberation. In AP, pp. 120-126. --Talal Asad, From the History of Colonial Anthropology to the Anthropology of Western Hegemony. In AP, pp. 133-142. --Micaela di Leonardo, 2004, "Gender, Race and Class." In A Companion to the Anthropology of Politics, Joan Vincent and David Nugent, eds., pp. 15-151. [ER] --Gavin Smith, Hegemony. In A Companion to the Anthropology of Politics, Joan Vincent and David Nugent, eds., pp. 216-230. [ER] **ESSAY #1 due Friday, Feb. 22 at 1:00 p.m. in instructors campus mailbox. No electronic submissions.

Week 6/Feb. 28 COLONIALISM, EMPIRE, POSTCOLONIALISM --Joan Vincent, 2002, Introduction to Part III, Imperial Times, Colonial Places. In AP, pp. 129-132. --Ann Stoler, Perceptions of Protest: Defining the Dangerous in Colonial Sumatra. In AP, pp. 153-171. --Michael Taussig, Culture of Terror, Space of Death. In AP, pp. 172-186. --William Roseberry, Images of the Peasant in the Consciousness of the Venezuelan Proletariat. In AP, pp. 187-202. --Jean and John Comaroff, Of Revolution and Revelation. In AP, pp. 203-212. --June Nash, Ethnographic Aspects of the World Capitalist System. In AP, pp. 234-254. --K. Sivaramakrishnan, 2004, Postcolonialism. In A Companion to the Anthropology of Politics, David Nugent and Joan Vincent, eds., pp. 367-382. Oxford: Blackwell. [ER]

Week 7/March 6 DISORDER AND GLOBALIZATION --Joan Vincent, 2002, Introduction to Part IV, Cosmopolitics: Confronting a New Millennium. In AP, pp. 257-260. --Benedict Anderson, The New World Disorder. In AP, pp. 261-170. --Arjun Appadurai, Grassroots Globalization and the Research Imagination. In AP, pp. 271-284.

--Jonathan Friedman, Transnationalization, Socio-political Disorder, and Ethnification as Expressions of Declining Global Hegemony. In AP, pp. 285-300. --Sara Shneiderman, 2003, Violent Histories and Political Consciousness: Reflections on Nepals Maoist Movement From Piskar Village. Himalaya 22(1):39-48. [ER] --Elizabeth Colson, 2004, Displacement. In A Companion to the Anthropology of Politics, David Nugent and Joan Vincent, eds., pp. 107-120. Oxford: Blackwell. [ER] --S.P. Reyna, Deadly Developments and Phantasmagoric Representations. In AP, pp. 301-312.

Week 8/March 13 ETHNICITY AND THE STATE: RWANDAS 1994 GENOCIDE --John Bowen, 1996, The Myth of Global Ethnic Conflict. Journal of Democracy 7(4):3-14. [ER] --Stephen R. Shalom, 1996, The Rwanda Genocide: The nightmare that happened. Z Magazine, April 1996: 25-36. [ER] --Rene Lemarchand, 1994, The Apocalypse in Rwanda. Cultural Survival Quarterly, Summer/Fall 1994:29-33. [ER] --Catharine Newbury and David Newbury, 1999, A Catholic Mass in Kigali: Contested Views of the Genocide and Ethnicity in Rwanda. Canadian Journal of African Studies 33(2-3):292-328. [ER]

References (optional):
-'Leave None to Tell the Story': Genocide in Rwanda, 1999, Alison Des Forges, New York: Human Rights Watch (with an April 2004 update): http://www.hrw.org/reports/1999/rwanda/ -Romeo Dallaire, 2003, Shake Hands With the Devil: The Failure of Humanity in Rwanda. Random House Canada. -Philip Gourevitch, 1998, We wish to inform you that tomorrow we will be killed with our families: Stories from Rwanda. New York: Farrar Straus and Giroux. -Villia Jefremovas, 2002, Brickyards to Graveyards: From Production to Genocide in Rwanda. New York: State University of New York Press. -Mahmood Mamdani, 2001, When Victims Become Killers: Colonialism, Nativism and Genocide in Rwanda. Princeton University Press. -Catharine Newbury, 1988, The Cohesion of Oppression: Clientship and Ethnicity in Rwanda, 18601960. New York: Columbia University Press. -Johann Pottier, 2002, Re-Imagining Rwanda: Conflict, Survival and Disinformation in the Late Twentieth Century. Cambridge University Press. -Gerard Prunier, 1995, The Rwanda Crisis: History of a Genocide. New York: Columbia University Press. -Paul Rusesabagina, 2006, An Ordinary Man: An Autobiography. Viking Press -Peter Uvin, 1998, Aiding Violence: The Development Enterprise in Rwanda. West Hartford, CT: Kumarian Press. SPRING BREAK (March 15-23)

Week 9/March 27 ANTHROPOLOGISTS TALK BACK TO THE PUNDITS -Samuel Huntington, 1993, "The Clash of Civilizations?" Foreign Affairs 72(3):22-49. [ER] -Hugh Gusterson, 2004, "The Seven Deadly Sins of Samuel Huntington." In Why America's Top Pundits Are Wrong: Anthropologists Talk Back, Catherine Besteman and Hugh Gusterson, eds., pp. 24-42. Berkeley: University of California Press. [ER]

-Thomas Friedman, 2000, "The Groundswell (or the Backlash against the Backlash)." In The Lexus and the Olive Tree, pp. 348-364. New York: Anchor Books. [ER] -Angelique Haugerud, 2004, "Globalization and Thomas Friedman." In Why America's Top Pundits Are Wrong: Anthropologists Talk Back, Catherine Besteman and Hugh Gusterson, eds., pp. 102-120. Berkeley: University of California Press. [ER] -Robert D. Kaplan, 1994, "The Coming Anarchy." Atlantic Monthly 273 (February 1994):44-76. Reprinted in Robert D. Kaplan, The Coming Anarchy: Shattering the Dreams of the Post Cold War. New York: Random House, 2000. [ER] -Catherine Besteman, 2004, "Why I Disagree with Robert Kaplan." In In Why America's Top Pundits Are Wrong: Anthropologists Talk Back, Catherine Besteman and Hugh Gusterson, eds., pp. 83-101. Berkeley: University of California Press. [ER]

**ESSAY #2 due on Friday, March 28 at 3:00 p.m. in instructors campus mailbox. No electronic submissions.

Week 10/April 3 STATES, CITIZENSHIP, NATIONALISM, TRANSNATIONALISM --James C. Scott, 1998, Introduction (pp. 1-8) and Conclusion (pp. 342-357), in Seeing Like a State: How Certain Schemes to Improve the Human Condition Have Failed. Yale University Press. [ER] --James Ferguson, 2004, Power Topographies. In A Companion to the Anthropology of Politics, David Nugent and Joan Vincent, eds., pp. 383-399. Oxford: Blackwell. [ER] --Akhil Gupta, 2004, Imagining Nations. In A Companion to the Anthropology of Politics, David Nugent and Joan Vincent, eds., pp. 267-281. Oxford: Blackwell. [ER] --David Nugent, 2004, Governing States. In A Companion to the Anthropology of Politics, David Nugent and Joan Vincent, eds., pp. 198-215. Oxford: Blackwell. [ER] --Aihwa Ong, 2004, Citizenship. In A Companion to the Anthropology of Politics, David Nugent and Joan Vincent, eds., pp. 55-68. Oxford: Blackwell. [ER] --Nina Glick Schiller, 2004, Transnationalism. In A Companion to the Anthropology of Politics, David Nugent and Joan Vincent, eds., pp. 448-467. Oxford: Blackwell. [ER] --June Nash, 2004, Transnational Civil Society. In A Companion to the Anthropology of Politics, David Nugent and Joan Vincent, eds., pp. 437-447. Oxford: Blackwell. [ER]

Week 11/April 10 DEBATING DEVELOPMENT --David Mosse, 2006, "Anti-social anthropology? Objectivity, objection, and the ethnography of public policy and professional communities." Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute (N.S.) 12:935-956. --Marc Edelman and Angelique Haugerud, 2004, Introduction: The Anthropology of Development and Globalization. In The Anthropology of Development and Globalization, Marc Edelman and Angelique Haugerud, eds., pp. 1-75 [NOTE: read pp. 1-10 and 39-55; skim the rest]. Oxford: Blackwell. [ER] --James Ferguson, The Anti-Politics Machine. In AP, pp. 399-408. --Marc Edelman, Peasants Against Globalization. In AP, pp. 409-423. --Arturo Escobar, 2005, Imagining a Post-Development Era, pp. 341-351. In The Anthropology of Development and Globalization: From Classical Political Economy to Contemporary Neoliberalism, Marc Edelman and Angelique Haugerud, eds. Oxford: Blackwell. Reference (optional): David Mosse, 2005, Cultivating Development: An Ethnography of Aid Policy and Practice. London: Pluto Press.

Week 12/April 17 24 DEBATING RESISTANCE --Anna L. Tsing, Politics on the Periphery. In AP, pp. 325-337. --James C. Scott, 1985, Weapons of the Weak, pp. 1-27. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. [ER] --James C. Scott, 1986, Everyday Forms of Peasant Resistance. Journal of Peasant Studies 13:13-34. [ER] --Sherry B. Ortner, 1995, Resistance and the Problem of Ethnographic Refusal. Comparative Studies in Society and History 37(1):173-193. [ER] -- Stephen Duncombe, 2002, Introduction. In Cultural Resistance Reader, Stephen Duncombe, ed., pp. 1-15. London: Verso. [ER]

--Angelique Haugerud, 2005, "'Leave No Billionaire Behind': Political Dissent as Performance Parody." Princeton Report on Knowledge, vol. 1, no. 1. http://prok.princeton.edu/1-1/inventions
Week 13/April SOCIAL MOVEMENTS --David A. Snow, Sarah A. Soule, and Hanspeter Kriesi, 2007, "Mapping the Terrain," pp. 3-16, in The Blackwell Companion to Social Movements, David A. Snow, Sarah H. Soule, and Hanspeter Kriesi, eds. Oxford: Blackwell. --David Graeber, 2005, The Globalization Movement: Some Points of Clarification, pp. 169-172. In The Anthropology of Development and Globalization: From Classical Political Economy to Contemporary Neoliberalism, Marc Edelman and Angelique Haugerud, eds. Oxford: Blackwell. --David Graeber, 2007, "There Never Was a West: Or, Democracy Emerges From the Spaces in Between," pp. 329-374, in Possibilities: Essays on Hierarchy, Rebellion, and Desire. AK Press. --Jeff Goodwin, James M. Jasper, and Francesca Polletta, 2001, "Introduction: Why Emotions Matter," pp. 1-26. In Passionate Politics: Emotions and Social Movements, Jeff Goodwin, James M. Jasper, and Francesca Polletta, eds. University of Chicago Press. --Marc Edelman, 2001, "Social Movements: Changing Paradigms and Forms of Politics." Annual Review of Anthropology 30:285-317. Reference (optional): --Pierre Bourdieu, 1998, Acts of Resistance Against the Tyranny of the Market. New York: New Press. [excerpts] --Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri, 2004, Multitude: War and Democracy in the Age of Empire, [selections]. New York: Penguin. --Charles Tilly, 2004, Social Movements, 1768-2004, pp. 1-15 and 144-158. London and Boulder: Paradigm Publishers. --June Nash, ed., 2005, Social Movements: An Anthropological Reader. Oxford: Blackwell. --Howard Rheingold, 2002, Smart Mobs: The Next Social Revolution, [selections]. Cambridge, MA: Basic Books. --Jeff Goodwin and James M. Jasper, eds., 2003, The Social Movements Reader: Cases and Concepts, pp. 3-7, 11-14, 51-54, 91-93, 131-133,165-168, 2221-224, 257-260, 315-317, 345-349. Oxford: Blackwell. --Marc Edelman, 1999, Peasants Against Globalization: Rural Social Movements in Costa Rica. Stanford University Press. --Naomi Klein, 2002, No Logo. New York: Picador. --Margaret E. Keck and Kathryn Sikkink, 1998, Activists Beyond Borders: Advocacy Networks in International Politics, pp. 1-38 and 199-218. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press.

Week 14/May 1 WRAP-UP --John Gledhill, 2002[2000], Anthropology and Politics: Commitment, Responsibility and the Academy. In AP, pp. 438-451. --Catherine Besteman, 2008, "Reflections on Public Anthropology in the U.S." (manuscript, 34 pp.) --Arundhati Roy, 2004, Public Power in the Age of Empire. Address to the American Sociological Association, San Francisco, August 2004. http://www.democracynow.org/static/Arundhati_Trans.shtml --Paul Farmer, "On Suffering and Structural Violence: A View From Below," pp. 424-437, in AP. --Joan Vincent, 1990, Crisis and Consolidation, 1974 to the Present. In Anthropology and Politics: Visions, Traditions and Trends, pp. 388-430. University of Arizona Press. [ER] Reference (optional): David Nugent, 1999, A Conversation with Joan Vincent. Current Anthropology 40(4):531-542. ****** **FINAL ESSAYS DUE TUESDAY, MAY 6, 3:00 p.m. in instructors campus mailbox.** [No exceptions and no electronic submissions.]