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For Additional Information Contact: Theresa Sifuentes LoanSTAR Program Administrator (512) 463-1896 The State Energy Conservation Office 111 East 17th Street, LBJ State Office Building Austin, Texas 78701 and The State Energy Conservation Office website at www.seco.cpa.state.tx.us for forms and other information
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION II QUICKCALC CALCULATIONS..................................................................3 A. B. QuickCalc Manual Calculation Forms .................................................................................4 QuickCalc Excel Spreadsheet Calculations..........................................................................5
SECTION III QUICKCALC CALCULATION FORMS ....................................................6 Lighting Exterior Lighting Controls...................................................................................................7 Exterior Lighting Conversion...............................................................................................9 Interior Fixture Relamping/Replacement (Electric Cooling and Heating) .........................11 Interior Fixture Relamping/Replacement (Electric Cooling and Gas Heating) ....................................................................................................................14 Interior Fixture Relamping/Replacement (Gas Cooling and Heating) ...............................17 Interior Lighting Controls (Electric Cooling and Gas Heating) ........................................20 Interior Lighting Controls (Electric Cooling and Heating) ...............................................22 Street/Security Lighting Conversion..................................................................................24 Building Attic/Ceiling Insulation (Electric Cooling and Gas or Electric Heating) ...........................26 Attic/Ceiling Insulation (Electric Cooling and Heating) ....................................................28 Infiltration Reduction (Electric Cooling and Gas Heating) ...............................................30 Infiltration Reduction (Electric Cooling and Heating) ......................................................33 Wall Insulation (Electric Cooling and Gas Heating) .........................................................37 Wall Insulation (Electric Cooling and Heating) ................................................................42 Window Solar Gain Control for Clear, Unshaded Windows (Electric Cooling and Electric or Gas Heating) ......................................................................47 Equipment Conversion to Dedicated Computer Room Cooling Unit (Electric to Electric) ................52 Electric to Gas DHW Heater Conversion..........................................................................54 Electric Efficiency Motor Replacement (Non-airconditioned Space) ...............................56 Programmable Thermostats (Electric Cooling and Electric or Gas Heating) ....................58 TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
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Equipment (Cont) Replacement of Low Efficiency DHW Heater Units (Gas to Gas) ...................................60 Replacement of Low Efficiency Gas Heating (Gas to Gas) ..............................................62 Replacement of Low Efficiency HVAC Units (Converting from Electric Cooling and Gas Heating to Heat Pumps..................................................................64 Replacement of Low Efficiency HVAC Units (Converting from Electric Cooling and Heating to Electric Cooling and Gas Heating) .....................................67 Replacement of Low Efficiency HVAC Units (Converting from Electric Cooling and Heating to Gas Cooling and Heating) ..................................................69 Replacement of Low Efficiency HVAC Units (Converting from Electric Cooling and Heating to Heat Pumps) .......................................................................71 Replacement of Low Efficiency HVAC Units (Electric Cooling - EER and Gas Heating) ......................................................................................................73 Replacement of Low Efficiency HVAC Units (Electric Cooling - kW/Ton and Gas Heating) ......................................................................................................75 Timeclock Control of Air Conditioning/Heating Units (Electric Cooling and Electric or Gas Heating) ....................................................................................77 Timeclock Control of Motor Loads (Non-airconditioned Space) .....................................79
SECTION IV QUICKCALC DATA TABLES...................................................................81 Table 1 Table 2 Table 3 Table 4 Table 5 Table 6 Table 7 Table 8 Table 9 Table 10 Normal Efficiency Range for Cooling Equipment (Full Load) ..................82 Normal Efficiency Range for Heat Pumps.................................................83 Heating System Efficiencies.......................................................................84 Seasonal Cooling and Heating Factors (12-Month Operating Schedule for Thermally Light Buildings)..............................................85 Seasonal Cooling and Heating Factors (10-Month Operating Schedule for Thermally Light Buildings)..............................................86 Seasonal Cooling and Heating Factors (12-Month Operating Schedule for Thermally Heavy Buildings)............................................87 Seasonal Cooling and Heating Factors (10-Month Operating Schedule for Thermally Heavy Buildings)............................................88 Average Cooling/Heating Temperatures and Cooling/ Heating Hours......................................................................................89 Latitudes of Selected Texas Cities for Use with Table 6............................91 Clear Day Solar Heat Gain Through Vertical Glazing at Various Orientations........................................................................92 Monthly Average Percent of Possible Sunshine in Major Texas Locations...................................................................................94 Typical Shading Coefficients......................................................................95 Electrical Motor Efficiencies......................................................................96 TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
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SECTION IV QUICKCALC DATA TABLES (Continued) Table 11 Table 12 Table 13 Table 14 Table 15 Table 16 Hot Water Consumption for Various Occupancies....................................97 Standard Lighting Wattages.......................................................................98 Footcandle (fc) Requirements by Area/Activity.......................................110 Standby Losses for Water Heaters...........................................................123 Equivalent Full Load Cooling Hours (12-Month Operating Schedule for Thermally Heavy Buildings) .........................................124 Equivalent Full Load Cooling Hours (10-Month Operating Schedule (August May) for Thermally Heavy Buildings) ..............125 Equivalent Full Load Cooling Hours (12-Month Operating Schedule for Thermally Light Buildings)............................................126 Equivalent Full Load Cooling Hours (10-Month Operating Schedule for (August May) for Thermally Light Buildings) ..........127 Equivalent Full Load Heating Hours (10- and 12-Month Operating Schedule For Thermally Heavy Buildings)........................128 Equivalent Full Load Heating Hours (10- and 12-Month Operating Schedule For Thermally Light Buildings)..........................129
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SECTION I - INTRODUCTION
A.
SimpCalc Background
A Simplified ECRM Calculation System (SimpCalc) was developed for the LoanSTAR program in the 1980s. This software system was developed and supported through Version 3.0 by Apollo Data but in about 1993 support was terminated. SimpCalc was intended for use on Category II ECRMs and had many good features including automated summary compilations and numerous valuable look-up tables. Some technical analysts continue to use the look-up tables developed for this system, but few continue to use the software. Software disuse has occurred because it is written in a non-listable Basic language, it requires special instructions to make this DOS program work effectively in a Windows environment, and analysts must be aware of certain limitations in the software and how to overcome these limitations to make the system operate in broad applications. B. QuickCalc Emergence
In 1998 the SimpCalc - 3.0 manual was upgraded for the last time. This included an appendix which addressed the issues of operating in a Windows environment and included previously undocumented procedures to produce a valid SimpCalc report. At the same time (1998), it was recognized that the SimpCalc software would soon loose its appeal, but the streamlined approach of using tabularized engineering data for input into simple equations was too beneficial to abandon. Therefore, the calculation procedures embedded in the software were reduced to manual calculation forms for use without the SimpCalc software. At the same time these calculation forms were expanded to include energy savings from conversions that were never included in SimpCalc. These manual calculation procedures were named QuickCalc. With this publication of the Texas LoanSTAR Program Guidebook, the SimpCalc software documentation has been eliminated. Technical Analysts who have the program and wish to continue using it for Energy Assessment Reports may do so. Others are encouraged to use QuickCalc procedures whenever possible for Category II ECRM savings calculations. C. Spreadsheet Application
QuickCalc forms are included in this volume of the Guidebook along with the necessary look-up tables. They may be used for manual calculations. In addition, for those who wish to use them, these calculation forms have been converted to Excel spreadsheets which are available on the SECO website (www.seco.cpa.state.tx.us). This allows the use of computers with manual look-up tables for individual ECRM calculations, but neither the manual nor the spreadsheet application provide summary compilations previously provided in SimpCalc.
A.
This section presents a list of all currently available QuickCalc forms. These forms may be used in conjunction with look-up tables in Section IV of this manual to calculate savings for Category II ECRMs. Available forms include the following: Lighting 1. Exterior Lighting Controls 2. Exterior Lighting Conversion 3. Interior Fixture Relamping/Replacement (Electric Cooling and Heating) 4. Interior Fixture Relamping/Replacement (Electric Cooling and Gas Heating) 5. Interior Fixture Relamping/Replacement (Gas Cooling and Heating) 6. Interior Lighting Controls (Electric Cooling and Gas Heating) 7. Interior Lighting Controls (Electric Cooling and Heating) 8. Street/Security Lighting Conversion Building 9. Attic/Ceiling Insulation (Electric Cooling and Gas Heating) 10. Attic/Ceiling Insulation (Electric Cooling and Heating) 11. Infiltration Reduction (Electric Cooling and Gas Heating) 12. Infiltration Reduction (Electric Cooling and Heating) 13. Wall Insulation (Electric Cooling and Gas Heating) 14. Wall Insulation (Electric Cooling and Heating) 15. Window Solar Gain Control for Clear, Unshaded Windows (Electric Cooling and Electric or Gas Heating) Equipment 16. Conversion to Dedicated Computer Room Cooling Unit (Electric to Electric) 17. Electric to Gas DHW Heater Conversion 18. Electric Efficiency Motor Replacement (Non-airconditioned Space) 19. Programmable Thermostats (Electric Cooling and Electric or Gas Heating) 20. Replacement of Low Efficiency DHW Heater Units (Gas to Gas) 21. Replacement of Low Efficiency Gas Heating (Gas to Gas) 22. Replacement of Low Efficiency HVAC Units (Converting from Electric Cooling and Gas Heating to Heat Pumps) 23. Replacement of Low Efficiency HVAC Units (Converting from Electric Cooling and Heating to Electric Cooling and Gas Heating) 24. Replacement of Low Efficiency HVAC Units (Converting from Electric Cooling and Heating to Gas Cooling and Heating) 25. Replacement of Low Efficiency HVAC Units (Converting from Electric Cooling and Heating to Heat Pumps) 26. Replacement of Low Efficiency HVAC Units (Electric Cooling - EER and Gas Heating) 27. Replacement of Low Efficiency HVAC Units (Electric Cooling - kW/Ton and Gas Heating) 28. Timeclock Control of Air Conditioning/Heating Units (Electric Cooling and Electric or
Gas Heating) 29. Timeclock Control of Motor Loads (Non-airconditioned Space) Use of these forms allows calculation of energy savings, cost savings, and simple payback if installation costs are provided. Caution: Installation costs should include equipment, material, labor, design, contractor bonding, etc. QuickCalc forms in many cases require unit prices which would have to be derived from full mark-up prices. Therefore, many analysts may wish to bypass cost inputs and payback calculations on individual forms if selected ECRMs require use of multiple forms (e.g., HVAC conversions of various types of equipment). Savings can be summed from the individual forms and then divided into a total ECRM implementation cost to derive a simple payback for combined forms. B. QuickCalc Excel Spreadsheet Calculations
To provide further assistance to the LoanSTAR Energy Assessment Report (EAR) analysts, the manual QuickCalc forms have been placed on Excel spreadsheets. The same limitations apply to these spreadsheets as they do to the manual forms. This Excel software automatically calculates the energy savings, cost savings, and simple payback based on user inputs of capacities, quantities, operating hours, efficiencies, and utility rates, and implementation costs. Although these files have been tested for accuracy, it is up to the analyst to verify that specific results are accurate and reasonable.
SYSTEM Window Units Through-the-Wall Units Dwelling Unit, Central Air-Cooled Central, Group, or Building Cooling Plants 3 to 25 Tons, Air-Cooled 25 to 100 Tons, Air-Cooled 25 to 100 Tons, Water-Cooled Over 100 Tons, Water-Cooled
COMPRESSOR + AUXILIARIES Btuh/Watt kW/Ton (EER) 1.8 - 1.2 1.9 - 1.0 1.8 - 1.1 6.7 - 10.0 6.2 - 11.6 6.5 - 11.2
Derived and updated from data in ASHRAE Handbook and Product Directory - 1980 Systems Volume, page 43.10. *Efficiencies are for new equipment. Lower efficiencies relate to equipment now reaching the end of its useful life. Higher efficiencies relate to new replacement equipment. In some cases the efficiency of existing equipment may be lower than values shown. Also, new equpment may be purchased with efficiencies higher than shown. When efficiencies are used outside the values shown, justification should be provided.
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EQUIPMENT TYPE Air Cooled Below 5 Tons 5 - 10 Tons Above 5 Tons Water Source Below 5 Tons 5 - 10 Tons
HEATING MODE
COOLING MODE
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HEATING PLANT TYPE Gas Furnace Oil-fired Boiler Gas-fired Boiler Steam Converter Electric Resistance Boiler Electric Resistance Strip Heaters Water Loop Heat Pumps Air Source Heat Pumps Water Source Heat Pumps Source:
SEASONAL EFFICIENCY (%) 60 - 80 60 - 70 65 - 80 90 - 95 95 - 100 100 140 - 250 175 - 280 250 - 350
Modified from ENERCALC User's Manual, Department of Architecture, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, July 1989, page A-6.
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TABLE 4 SEASONAL COOLING AND HEATING FACTORS (12-Month Operating Schedule for Thermally Light Buildings)
LIGHTS CONTROLLED DURING DAYTIME CITY Abilene Amarillo Austin Big Spring Brownsville Corpus Christi Del Rio El Paso Fort Worth Houston San Antonio Sherman Waco CF 0.54 0.44 0.62 0.53 0.82 0.70 0.64 0.56 0.56 0.66 0.63 0.51 0.60 HF 0.30 0.40 0.22 0.31 0.08 0.14 0.20 0.27 0.28 0.17 0.20 0.32 0.25
LIGHTS CONTROLLED OVER 24-HOUR PERIOD CF 0.43 0.30 0.51 0.42 0.68 0.62 0.55 0.43 0.46 0.53 0.52 0.42 0.49 HF 0.39 0.52 0.30 0.40 0.14 0.18 0.28 0.39 0.36 0.27 0.29 0.39 0.33
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TABLE 4 (CONTINUED) SEASONAL COOLING AND HEATING FACTORS (10-Month Operating Schedule for Thermally Light Buildings)
LIGHTS CONTROLLED DURING DAYTIME CITY Abilene Amarillo Austin Big Spring Brownsville Corpus Christi Del Rio El Paso Fort Worth Houston San Antonio Sherman Waco CF 0.45 0.34 0.54 0.44 0.78 0.64 0.56 0.52 0.47 0.60 0.55 0.42 0.52 HF 0.36 0.47 0.27 0.37 0.09 0.17 0.24 0.29 0.34 0.21 0.24 0.39 0.29
LIGHTS CONTROLLED OVER 24-HOUR PERIOD CF 0.33 0.21 0.42 0.32 0.62 0.54 0.46 0.39 0.36 0.46 0.43 0.32 0.39 HF 0.47 0.61 0.37 0.48 0.16 0.22 0.34 0.42 0.44 0.32 0.34 0.47 0.40
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TABLE 4 (CONTINUED) SEASONAL COOLING AND HEATING FACTORS (12-Month Operating Schedule for Thermally Heavy Buildings)
LIGHTS CONTROLLED DURING DAYTIME CITY Abilene Amarillo Austin Big Spring Brownsville Corpus Christi Del Rio El Paso Fort Worth Houston San Antonio Sherman Waco CF 0.89 0.81 0.94 0.87 0.99 0.98 0.96 0.93 0.89 0.97 0.95 0.87 0.92 HF 0.07 0.14 0.03 0.08 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.06 0.01 0.02 0.08 0.04
LIGHTS CONTROLLED OVER 24-HOUR PERIOD CF 0.83 0.71 0.90 0.82 0.98 0.97 0.92 0.84 0.85 0.93 0.91 0.82 0.88 HF 0.12 0.22 0.06 0.12 0.01 0.01 0.04 0.10 0.09 0.04 0.05 0.12 0.07
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TABLE 4 (CONTINUED) SEASONAL COOLING AND HEATING FACTORS (10-Month Operating Schedule for Thermally Heavy Buildings)
LIGHTS CONTROLLED DURING DAYTIME CITY Abilene Amarillo Austin Big Spring Brownsville Corpus Christi Del Rio El Paso Fort Worth Houston San Antonio Sherman Waco CF 0.86 0.77 0.93 0.84 0.99 0.98 0.95 0.92 0.88 0.96 0.94 0.85 0.91 HF 0.09 0.16 0.04 0.10 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.04 0.07 0.02 0.02 0.09 0.05
LIGHTS CONTROLLED OVER 24-HOUR PERIOD CF 0.79 0.65 0.87 0.78 0.97 0.97 0.91 0.81 0.82 0.91 0.89 0.79 0.85 HF 0.14 0.26 0.07 0.15 0.00 0.01 0.05 0.12 0.11 0.04 0.06 0.14 0.09
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6 am to 6 pm, 5 Days/Week Cooling CITY Lubbock Austin Brownsville Fort Worth Houston Temperature Average 82 82 82 83 81 Cooling Hours 705 1,411 1,267 1,203 1,238 Heating Temperature Average 47 53 56 51 55 Heating Hours 1,925 1,042 339 1,470 756
6 am to 6 pm, 6 Days/Week Cooling CITY Lubbock Austin Brownsville Fort Worth Houston Temperature Average 81 81 80 82 80 Cooling Hours 818 1,523 1,492 1,212 1,456 Heating Temperature Average 47 53 57 51 54 Heating Hours 1,985 1,106 354 1,544 790
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6 am to 6 pm, 7 Days/Week Cooling CITY Lubbock Austin Brownsville Fort Worth Houston Temperature Average 81 81 80 82 80 Cooling Hours 931 1,634 1,718 1,221 1,675 Heating Temperature Average 47 53 57 51 54 Heating Hours 2,045 1,169 368 1,617 823
24 Hours/Day, 7 Days/Week Cooling CITY Lubbock Austin Brownsville Fort Worth Houston Temperature Average 81 81 80 82 80 Cooling Hours 2,900 3,073 4,549 3,229 3,336 Heating Temperature Average 46 53 57 51 54 Heating Hours 2,800 1,847 588 2,401 1,470
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CITY Amarillo Austin Brownsville Fort Worth Corpus Christi Abilene Houston El Paso San Antonio Sherman Waco
NORTH LATITUDE 35 Deg. - 14' 30 Deg. - 12' 25 Deg. - 54' 32 Deg. - 47' 27 Deg. - 42' 32 Deg. - 25' 29 Deg. - 37' 31 Deg. - 51' 29 Deg. - 23' 33 Deg. - 43' 31 Deg. - 38'
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TABLE 7 CLEAR DAY SOLAR HEAT GAIN THROUGH VERTICAL GLAZING AT VARIOUS ORIENTATIONS (Btu/Sq. Ft. - Day)
28 DEG. NORTH LATITUDE MONTH January February March April May June July August September October November December 168 206 248 306 402 464 416 324 260 214 170 152 NE, NW 192 310 464 658 809 861 808 656 456 311 194 162 E, W 634 816 923 989 1023 1019 1006 961 883 788 625 564 SE, SW 1172 1191 1074 893 758 695 741 862 1029 1143 1151 1151 S 1558 1350 912 492 368 360 372 482 884 1296 1526 1586 HORIZ 1454 1832 2184 2428 2576 2610 2494 2386 2110 1796 1444 1306
32 DEG. NORTH LATITUDE MONTH January February March April May June July August September October November December 152 192 240 302 396 450 408 320 250 200 154 136 NE, NW 166 278 433 636 789 841 789 636 426 280 168 144 E, W 574 772 904 997 1040 1038 1024 968 864 746 567 518 SE, SW 1146 1200 1116 955 823 758 803 920 1067 1151 1125 1128 S 1560 1424 1034 600 422 390 420 582 1000 1364 1528 1574 HORIZ 1288 1688 2084 2390 2582 2634 2558 2352 2014 1654 1280 1136
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TABLE 7 (CONTINUED) CLEAR DAY SOLAR HEAT GAIN THROUGH VERTICAL GLAZING AT VARIOUS ORIENTATIONS (Btu/Sq. Ft. - Day)
36 DEG. NORTH LATITUDE MONTH January February March April May June July August September October November December 136 178 230 298 390 442 402 318 242 186 140 120 NE, NW 147 247 404 615 769 822 768 616 399 250 150 125 E, W 528 722 882 1002 1054 1056 1037 973 842 697 522 463 SE, SW 1123 1197 1153 1016 888 823 867 978 1100 1147 1101 1083 S 1550 1474 1146 720 500 446 492 694 1102 1410 1516 1526 HORIZ 1120 1534 1974 2338 2574 2644 2552 2304 1906 1506 1114 960
Source: Taken from computer studies by M. Steven Baker, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, 1977
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CITY Abilene Amarillo Austin Brownsville Del Rio El Paso Ft. Worth Galveston San Antonio
JAN 64 71 46 44 53 74 56 50 48
FEB 68 71 50 49 55 77 57 50 51
JUN 86 82 72 73 66 87 75 76 69
JUL 83 81 76 78 75 78 78 72 74
AUG 85 81 79 78 80 78 78 71 75
SEP 73 79 70 67 69 80 74 70 69
OCT 71 76 70 70 66 82 70 74 67
NOV 72 76 57 54 58 80 63 62 55
DEC 66 70 49 44 52 73 58 49 49
Source:
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SHADING DEVICE Venetian Blinds (fully closed) Medium Light Roller Shades (fully closed) Dark, Opaque Light, Opaque Light, Translucent Drapes Semi-Open Weave Average Fabric Transmittance and Reflectance (fully closed) Reflective Polyester Film* Louvered Sunscreens* -23 Louvers/In. -17Louvers/In.
SHADING COEFFICIENT
0.64 0.55
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Motor Horsepower 0.75 1.0 1.5 2.0 3.0 5.0 7.5 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 75.0 100.0 125.0 150.0 200.0 250.0 300.0
Manufacturer Composite Efficiencies (%) Standard 72.0 72.0 74.0 77.0 80.5 82.5 84.0 85.0 87.3 88.5 89.5 91.0 91.8 90.2 91.7 92.3 92.4 92.4 93.0 93.6 93.0 93.0 High 77.0 78.5 81.5 81.5 84.1 83.2 86.0 88.0 88.5 89.8 90.6 91.4 92.0 92.1 92.5 93.0 92.8 92.4 93.0 93.6 93.0 93.0 Premium 81.5 81.5 81.5 86.5 87.6 88.0 90.6 90.6 92.0 92.7 93.3 93.3 93.7 93.7 94.5 94.7 95.0 94.5 95.7 95.7 95.7 95.7
Source: GE, Gould, Louis Allis, Reliance, U.S. Motor, Westinghouse, Sterling Electric, Baldour, and Department of the Navy Tech Sheet 83-20.
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AVERAGE DAY TYPE OF BUILDING Apartment Dwellings SIZE FACTOR No. of Apartments: Up to 20 21 to 50 51 to 75 76 to 100 101 to 200 201 and up Dormitories Hospitals Hotels Motels Men Women Per Bed Single Room with Bath Double Room with Bath No. of Units: Up to 20 21 to 100 101 and up Nursing Homes Office Buildings Restaurants Schools Full Meal Type Drive-in Snack Type Elementary Secondary and High School 20.0 Gal. per unit 14.0 Gal. per unit 10.0 Gal. per unit 18.4 Gal. per bed 1.0 Gal. per person 2.4 Gal. per meal 0.7 Gal. per meal 0.6 Gal. per student 1.8 Gal. per student 42.0 Gal. per apt. 40.0 Gal. per apt. 38.0 Gal. per apt. 37.0 Gal. per apt. 36.0 Gal. per apt. 35.0 Gal. per apt. 13.1 Gal. per man 12.3 Gal. per woman 90.0 Gal. per patient 50.0 Gal. per unit 80.0 Gal. per unit DEMAND
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DESCRIPTION Compact Fluorescent Fixtures Compact Fluorescent, (1) 11W screw-in lamp, Twin, Quad, Multi, Globe, Capsule, or other Compact Fluorescent, (1) 13W screw-in lamp, Twin, Quad, Multi, Globe, Capsule, or other Compact Fluorescent, (1) 15W screw-in lamp, Twin, Quad, Multi, Globe, Capsule, or other Compact Fluorescent, (2) 15W screw-in lamp, Twin, Quad, Multi, Globe, Capsule, or other Compact Fluorescent, (3) 15W screw-in lamp, Twin, Quad, Multi, Globe, Capsule, or other Compact Fluorescent, (4) 15W screw-in lamp, Twin, Quad, Multi, Globe, Capsule, or other Compact Fluorescent, (1) 16W screw-in lamp, Twin, Quad, Multi, Globe, Capsule, or other Compact Fluorescent, (1) 17W screw-in lamp, Twin, Quad, Multi, Globe, Capsule, or other Compact Fluorescent, (1)18W spiral lamp 4-pin, high CRI, electronic ballasted Compact Fluorescent, (1) 18W screw-in lamp, Twin, Quad, Multi, Globe, Capsule, or other Compact Fluorescent, (1) 20W screw-in lamp, Twin, Quad, Multi, Globe, Capsule, or other Compact Fluorescent, (2) 20W screw-in lamp, Twin, Quad, Multi, Globe, Capsule, or other Compact Fluorescent, (1)23W spiral lamp 4-pin, high CRI, electronic ballasted Compact Fluorescent, (1) 23W screw-in lamp, Twin, Quad, Multi, Globe, Capsule, or other Compact Fluorescent, (2) 23W screw-in lamp, Twin, Quad, Multi, Globe, Capsule, or other Compact Fluorescent, (1) 25W screw-in lamp, Twin, Quad, Multi, Globe, Capsule, or other Compact Fluorescent, (1)26W spiral lamp 4-pin, high CRI, electronic ballasted Compact Fluorescent, (1) 28W screw-in lamp, Twin, Quad, Multi, Globe, Capsule, or other Compact Fluorescent, (1)44W screw-in lamp, Twin, Quad, Multi, Globe, Capsule, or other Compact Fluorescent, (1) 7W screw-in lamp, Twin, Quad, Multi, Globe, Capsule, or other Compact Fluorescent, (1) 9W screw-in lamp, Twin, Quad, Multi, Globe, Capsule, or other Compact Fluorescent, 2D, (1) 10W lamp Compact Fluorescent, 2D, (1) 13W lamp - lockable base Compact Fluorescent, 2D, (1) 16W lamp Compact Fluorescent, 2D, (1) 21W lamp Compact Fluorescent, 2D, (1) 28W lamp Compact Fluorescent, 2D, (1) 38W lamp Compact Fluorescent, 2D, (1) 9W lamp - lockable base Compact Fluorescent, Multi, 4-pin, (1) 13W lamp Compact Fluorescent, Multi, 4-pin, (2) 13W lamps Compact Fluorescent, Multi, 4-pin, (1) 18W lamp Compact Fluorescent, Multi, 4-pin, (2) 18W lamps Compact Fluorescent, Multi, 4-pin, (1) 26W lamp Compact Fluorescent, Multi, 4-pin, (2) 26W lamps Compact Fluorescent, Multi, 4-pin, (1) 42W lamps, Compact Fluorescent, Multi, 4-pin, (1) 42W lamps Compact Fluorescent, Multi, 4-pin, (8) 42W lamps, (4) 2-lamp ballasts Compact Fluorescent, quad, (1) 10W lamp Compact Fluorescent, quad, (1) 13W lamp Compact Fluorescent, quad, (1) 13W lamp, BF=1.05 Compact Fluorescent, quad, (2) 13W lamp Compact Fluorescent, quad, (2) 13W lamp, BF=1.0 Compact Fluorescent, quad, (3) 13W lamp Compact Fluorescent, quad, (1) 15W lamp Compact Fluorescent, quad, (1) 17W lamp Compact Fluorescent, quad, (2) 17W lamp Compact Fluorescent, quad, (1) 18W lamp Compact Fluorescent, quad, (1) 18W lamp, BF=1.0 Compact Fluorescent, quad, (2) 18W lamp Compact Fluorescent, quad, (2) 18W lamp, BF=1.0 Compact Fluorescent, quad, (4) 18W lamp Compact Fluorescent, quad, (1) 20W lamp Compact Fluorescent, quad, (2) 20W lamp Compact Fluorescent, Quad, (2) 22W lamp Compact Fluorescent, Quad, (3) 22W lamp Compact Fluorescent, Quad, (1) 23W lamp Compact Fluorescent, Quad, (1) 25W lamp Compact Fluorescent, Quad, (2) 25W lamp Compact Fluorescent, quad, (1) 26W lamp Compact Fluorescent, quad, (1) 26W lamp, BF=0.95 Compact Fluorescent, quad, (2) 26W lamp Compact Fluorescent, quad, (2) 26W lamp, BF=0.95 Compact Fluorescent, quad, (3) 26W lamp
98
99
DESCRIPTION EXIT Incandescent, (2) 20W lamp EXIT Incandescent, (1) 25W lamp EXIT Incandescent, (2) 25W lamp EXIT Incandescent, (1) 34W lamp EXIT Incandescent, (2) 34W lamp EXIT Incandescent, (1) 40W lamp EXIT Incandescent, (2) 40W lamp EXIT Incandescent, (1) 5W lamp EXIT Incandescent, (2) 5W lamp EXIT Incandescent, (2) 50W lamp EXIT Incandescent, (1) 6 W lamp EXIT Incandescent, (2) 6 W lamps EXIT Tungsten, (1) 7.5 W lamp EXIT Tungsten, (2) 7.5 W lamp EXIT Light Emitting Diode, (1) 2W lamp, Single Sided EXIT Light Emitting Diode, (2) 2W lamp, Dual Sided EXIT Light Emitting Diode, 3W Linear Fluorescent Fixtures Fluorescent, (1) 18" T8 lamp Fluorescent, (1) 18" T12 lamp Fluorescent, (2) 18" T8 lamp Fluorescent, (2) 18", T12 lamp Fluorescent, (1) 24", HO lamp Fluorescent, (1) 24", T-8 lamp, Instant Start Ballast, NLO (BF: .85-.95) Fluorescent, (1) 24", T-8 lamp, Instant Start Ballast, NLO (BF: .85-.95), Tandem 2 Lamp Ballast Fluorescent, (1) 24", T-8 lamp, Instant Start Ballast, RLO (BF<.85), Tandem 2 Lamp Ballast Fluorescent, (1) 24", T-8 lamp, Instant Start Ballast, NLO (BF: .85-.95), Tandem 3 Lamp Ballast Fluorescent, (1) 24", T-8 lamp, Instant Start Ballast, RLO (BF<.85), Tandem 3 Lamp Ballast Fluorescent, (1) 24", T-8 lamp, Instant Start Ballast, NLO (BF: .85-.95), Tandem 4 Lamp Ballast Fluorescent, (1) 24", T-8 lamp, Instant Start Ballast, RLO (BF<.85), Tandem 4 Lamp Ballast Fluorescent, (1) 24", T-8 lamp, Instant Start Ballast, RLO (BF<0.85) Fluorescent, (1) 24", T-8 lamp, Rapid Start Ballast, NLO (BF: .85-.95) Fluorescent, (1) 24", T-8 lamp, Rapid Start Ballast, NLO (BF: .85-.95), Tandem 2 Lamp Ballast Fluorescent, (1) 24", T-8 lamp, Rapid Start Ballast, NLO (BF: .85-.95), Tandem 3 Lamp Ballast Fluorescent, (1) 24", T-8 lamp, Rapid Start Ballast, NLO (BF: .85-.95), Tandem 4 Lamp Ballast Fluorescent, (1) 24", T-8 lamp, Rapid Start Ballast, RLO (BF<0.85) Fluorescent, (1) 24", T8 lamp, Standard Ballast Fluorescent, (1) 24", STD lamp Fluorescent, (2) 24", HO lamp Fluorescent, (2) 24", T-8 lamp, Instant Start Ballast, NLO (BF: .85-.95) Fluorescent, (2) 24", T-8 lamp, Instant Start Ballast, NLO (BF: .85-.95), Tandem 4 Lamp Ballast Fluorescent, (2) 24", T-8 lamp, Instant Start Ballast, RLO (BF<.85), Tandem 4 Lamp Ballast Fluorescent, (2) 24", T-8 lamp, Instant Start Ballast, RLO (BF<0.85) Fluorescent, (2) 24", T-8 lamp, Rapid Start Ballast, NLO (BF: .85-.95) Fluorescent, (2) 24", T-8 lamp, Rapid Start Ballast, NLO (BF: .85-.95), Tandem 4 Lamp Ballast Fluorescent, (2) 24", T-8 lamp, Rapid Start Ballast, RLO (BF<0.85) Fluorescent, (2) 24", STD lamp Fluorescent, (3) 24", T-8 lamp, Instant Start Ballast, NLO (BF: .85-.95) Fluorescent, (3) 24", T-8 lamp, Instant Start Ballast, HLO (BF:.96-1.1) Fluorescent, (3) 24", T-8 lamp, Instant Start Ballast, RLO (BF<0.85) Fluorescent, (3) 24", T-8 lamp, Rapid Start Ballast, NLO (BF: .85-.95) Fluorescent, (3) 24", T-8 lamp, Rapid Start Ballast, RLO (BF<0.85) Fluorescent, (3) 24", STD lamp Fluorescent, (4) 24", T-8 lamp, Instant Start Ballast, NLO (BF: .85-.95) Fluorescent, (4) 24", T-8 lamp, Instant Start Ballast, RLO (BF<0.85) Fluorescent, (4) 24", T-8 lamp, Rapid Start Ballast, NLO (BF: .85-.95) Fluorescent, (4) 24", T-8 lamp, Rapid Start Ballast, RLO (BF<0.85) Fluorescent, (4) 24", STD lamp Fluorescent, (6) 24", STD lamp Fluorescent, (1) 36", ES lamp, Tandem wired Fluorescent, (1) 36", ES lamp Fluorescent, (1) 36", ES lamp Fluorescent, (1) 36", ES lamp, Tandem wired Fluorescent, (1) 36", T-8 lamp, Instant Start Ballast, NLO (BF: .85-.95)
100
Actual LAMP/ WATT/ WATT/ FIXT LAMP FIXT 2 85 194 2 85 167 2 85 220 2 55 108 2 55 122 2 160 330 3 55 176 3 55 202 4 55 216 4 55 244 4 85 388 4 56 244 1 60 62 1 95 80 1 95 121 1 60 69 1 60 55 1 60 75 1 60 64 1 185 205 1 59 58 1 59 55 1 59 49 1 59 68 1 59 57 1 59 71 1 86 80 1 75 90 1 75 79 1 215 235 1 110 153 1 75 84 1 75 68 1 75 98 1 75 90 1 215 232 2 60 123 2 95 207 2 95 173 2 95 227 2 60 110 2 60 128 2 195 380 2 59 109 2 59 98 2 59 149 2 86 160 2 75 158 2 110 237 2 110 204 2 110 257 2 75 136 4 75 160 2 215 440 3 60 198 3 95 319 3 95 380 3 60 179 3 60 203 3 185 585 3 59 167 3 75 264 3 110 381 3 110 410 3 75 220
103
104
105
LED 12" Green Arrow LED Traffic Signal Light, 12" Green Arrow LED 12" Green Ball LED Traffic Signal Light, 12" Green Ball LED 12" Red Arrow LED Traffic Signal Light, 12" Red Arrow LED 12" Red Ball LED Traffic Signal Light, 12" Red Ball LED 12" Yellow Arrow LED Traffic Signal Light, 12" Yellow Arrow LED 12" Yellow Ball LED Traffic Signal Light, 12" Yellow Ball Source: Nexant, Inc.
106
TABLE 12 (CONTINUED) STANDARD LIGHTING WATTAGES LAMP CODE LED 8" Green Ball LED 8" Red Ball LED 8" Yellow Ball LED Ped Hand MH100 MH1000 MH150 MH1500 MH175 MH200 MH250 MH250 MH32 MH320 MH350 MH360 MH400 MH400 MH450 MH50 MH70 MH750 MV100 MV1000 MV160-SB MV175 MV250 MV40 MV400 MV400 MV50 MV700 MV75 None Source: Nexant, Inc. Actual LAMP/ WATT/ WATT/ BALLAST FIXT LAMP FIXT 1 8 8 1 10 10 1 16 16 1 10 10 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 0 100 1000 150 1500 175 200 250 250 32 320 350 360 400 400 450 50 70 750 100 1000 160 175 250 40 400 400 50 700 75 0 128 1080 190 1610 215 232 295 288 43 357 380 418 458 916 485 72 95 850 125 1075 160 205 290 50 455 910 74 780 93 0
DESCRIPTION LED Traffic Signal Light, 8" Green Ball LED Traffic Signal Light, 8" Red Ball LED Traffic Signal Light, 8" Yellow Ball LED Traffic Signal Light, Pedestrian Head - Hand Metal Halide Fixtures Metal Halide, (1) 100W lamp Metal Halide, (1) 1000W lamp Metal Halide, (1) 150W lamp Metal Halide, (1) 1500W lamp Metal Halide, (1) 175W lamp Metal Halide, (1) 200W lamp, "Pulse Start" Metal Halide, (1) 250W lamp Metal Halide, (1) 250W lamp, "Pulse Start" Metal Halide, (1) 32W lamp Metal Halide, (1) 320W lamp, "Pulse Start" Metal Halide, (1) 350W "Pulse Start" Metal Halide, (1) 360W lamp, energy saving Metal Halide, (1) 400W lamp Metal Halide, (2) 400W lamp Metal Halide, (1) 450W "Pulse Start" Metal Halide, (1) 50W lamp Metal Halide, (1) 70W lamp Metal Halide, (1) 750W lamp Mercury Vapor Fixtures Mercury Vapor, (1) 100W lamp Mercury Vapor, (1) 1000W lamp Mercury Vapor, Self-Ballasted, (1) 160W self-ballasted lamp Mercury Vapor, (1) 175W lamp Mercury Vapor, (1) 250W lamp Mercury Vapor, (1) 40W lamp Mercury Vapor, (1) 400W lamp Mercury Vapor, (2) 400W lamp Mercury Vapor, (1) 50W lamp Mercury Vapor, (1) 700W lamp Mercury Vapor, (1) 75W lamp Removed Fixture Fixture completely removed from service
Magnetic
Magnetic
107
TABLE 13 FOOTCANDLE (fc) REQUIREMENTS BY AREA/ACTIVITY Commercial, Institutional, Residential, and Public Assembly Interiors
Area/Activity Auditoriums Assembly Social Assembly Conference Rooms Conferring Critical Seeing (refer to Individual Task)
Footcandles 15 7.5
Area/Activity Sports Facilities (see Sports and Recreational Areas Group) Cafeterias (see Food Service Facilities) Dormitories (see Residences)
Footcandles
30
15 15 15
Court Rooms Seating Area Court Activity Area Drafting Mylar High Contrast Media; India Ink, Plastic Leads, Soft Graphic Leads Low Contrast Media; Hard Graphite Leads Vellum High Contrast Low Contrast Tracing Paper High Contrast Low Contrast Light Table Prints Blue Line Blueprints Sepia Prints Educational Facilities Classrooms General (see Reading) Drafting (see Drafting) Home Economics (see Residences) Science Laboratories Lecture Rooms Audience (see Reading) Demonstration Music Rooms (see Reading) Shops (see Shops in Industrial Group) Sight Saving Rooms Study Halls (see Reading) Typing (see Reading) 150 150 75 75 75 150 75 150 15 Graphic Design and Material Color Selection Charting and Mapping Graphs Keylining Layout and Artwork Photographs (Moderate Detail) Health Care Facilities Ambulance (Local) Anesthetizing Autopsy and Morgue Autopsy (General) Autopsy (Table) Morgue (General) Museum Cardiac Function Lab Central Sterile Supply Inspection (General) Inspection At Sinks Work Areas (General) Processed Storage 75 150 75 30 30 75 300 30 75 75 75 75 150 150 75 150 150 75 75 150 Gasoline Stations (See Service Stations) 75 150 15 75 Food Service Facilities Dining Areas Cashier Cleaning Dining Food Displays (see Merchandising Spaces) Kitchen 75 30 15 7.5 Fire Halls (see Municipal Buildings)
108
TABLE 13 (CONTINUED) FOOTCANDLE (fc) REQUIREMENTS BY AREA/ACTIVITY Commercial, Institutional, Residential, and Public Assembly Interiors
Area/Activity Health Care Facilities (continued) Corridors Nursing Areas (Day) Nursing Areas (Night) Operating Areas, Delivery, Recovery, and Laboratory Suites and Service Critical Care Areas General Examination Surgical Task Lighting Handwashing Cystoscopy Room Dental Suite General Instrument Tray Oral Cavity Prosthetic Laboratory (General) Prosthetic Laboratory (Work Bench) Prosthetic Laboratory (Local) Recovery Room (General) Recovery Room (Emergency Examination) Dialysis Unit (Medical) Elevators EKG and Specimen Room General On Equipment Emergency Outpatient General Local Endoscopy Rooms General Peritoneoscopy Culdoscopy Examination and Treatment Rooms General Local Eye Surgery Fracture Room General Local
Footcandles
15 7.5 75 15 75 750 150 75 30 75 750 30 75 150 15 75 150 15 7.5 15 75 150 75 30 30 30 75 150 75 150
Specimen Collecting Tissue Laboratories Microscopic Reading Room Gross Specimen Room Chemistry Room Bactenology Rooms General Reading Culture Plates Hematology Linens Sorting Soiled Linen Central (Clean) Linen Room Sewing Room (General) Sewing Room (Work Area) Linen Closet Lobby Locker Rooms Medical Illustration Studio Medical Records Nurseries General Observation and Treatment Nursing Stations General Desk Corridors (Day) Corridors (Night) Medication Station Obstetric Delivery Suites Labor Rooms General Local Birthing Room Delivery Area Scrub (General) General Delivery Table (see Critical Care Areas) Resuscitation
109
TABLE 13 (CONTINUED) FOOTCANDLE (fc) REQUIREMENTS BY AREA/ACTIVITY Commercial, Institutional, Residential, and Public Assembly Interiors
Area/Activity Health Care Facilities (continued) Delivery Area (continued) Postdelivery Recovery Area Substerilization Room Occupational Therapy Work Area (General) Work Tables or Benches Patient Rooms General Observation Critical Examination Reading Toilets Pharmacy General Alcohol Vault Laminar Flow Bench Night Light Parenteral Solution Room Physical Therapy Departments Gymnasiums Tank Rooms Treatment Cubicles Postanesthetic Recovery Room General Local Pulmonary Function Laboratories Radiological Suite Diagnostic Section General Waiting Area Radiographic/Fluoroscopic Room Film Sorting Barium Kitchen Radiation Therapy Section General Waiting Area Isotope Kitchen (General) Isotope Kitchen (Benches)
Footcandles
Equipment Maintenance Room Solarium General Local for Reading Stairways Surgical Suite Operating Room (General) Operating Table (see Critical Care Areas) Scrub Room Instruments and Sterile Supply Room Clean Up Room, Instruments Anesthesia Storage Substerilizing Room Surgical Induction Room Surgical Holding Area Toilets Utility Room Waiting Areas General Local (for Reading) Homes (see Residences)
75 150 75 Hotels Bathrooms (for Grooming) 3 3 3 150 75 7.5 7.5 75 75 Bedrooms (for Reading) Corridors (Elevators and Stairs) Front Desk Linen Room Sewing General Lobby General Lighting Reading and Working Areas Canopy (see Outdoor Facilities Group) 15 30 150 15 30 30 15 75 Hospitals (see Health Care Facilities)
110
TABLE 13 (CONTINUED) FOOTCANDLE (fc) REQUIREMENTS BY AREA/ACTIVITY Commercial, Institutional, Residential, and Public Assembly Interiors
Area/Activity Kitchens (see Food Services Facilities or Residences) Libraries Reading Areas (see Reading) Book Stacks (vertical 760 millimeters (30 inches) above floor) Active Stacks Inactive Stacks Book Repair and Binding Cataloging Card Files Carrels, Individual Study Areas (see Reading) Circulation Desks Map, Picture and Print Rooms (see Graphic Design and Material) Audiovisual Areas Audio Listening Areas Microform Areas (see Reading) Locker Rooms Motels (see Hotels) Municipal Buildings - Fire and Police Police Identification Records Jail Cells and Interrogation Rooms Fire Hall Museums Displays and nonsensitive materials Lobbies, General Gallery Areas, Corridors Restoration or Conservation Shops and Laboratories Nursing Homes (see Health Care Facilities) Offices Accounting (see Reading) Conference Areas (see Conference Rooms) Drafting (see Draftng) General and Private Offices (see Reading) Libraries (see Libraries) Lobbies, Lounges and Reception Areas Mail Sorting Off-set Printing ad Duplicating Area 15 75 30 75 30 15 150 30 30 15 30 30 30 30 7.5 30 30 75 Footcandles Area/Activity Post Offices (see Offices) Reading Copied Tasks Ditto Copy Mimeograph Microfiche Reader Photographs (Moderate Detail) Thermal Copy (Poor Copy) Xerograph Xerography (3rd Generation and Greater) Electronic Data Processing Tasks CRT Screens Impact Printer Good Ribbon Poor Ribbon 2nd Carbon and Better Inkjet Printer Keyboard Reading Machine Rooms Active Operations Tape Storage Machine Area Equipment Service Thermal Print Handwritten Tasks No. 3 Pencil and Softer Leads No. 4 Pencil and Harder Leads Ballpoint Pen Felt-tip Pen Handwritten Carbon Copies Nonphotographically Reproducible Colors Chalkboards Printed Tasks 6-point Type 8- and 10-point Type Glossy Magazine Maps Newsprint Typed Originals Typed 2nd Carbon and Later Telephone Books 75 30 30 75 30 30 75 75 75 150 30 30 75 150 75 30 30 15 75 75 30 75 75 30 30 7.5 7.5 30 7.5 75 150 30 75 Footcandles
111
TABLE 13 (CONTINUED) FOOTCANDLE (fc) REQUIREMENTS BY AREA/ACTIVITY Commercial, Institutional, Residential, and Public Assembly Interiors
Area/Activity Residences General Lighting Conversation, Relaxation and Entertainment Passage Areas Specific Visual Tasks Dining Grooming Make-up and Shaving Full-length Mirror Handcrafts and Hobbies Workbench Hobbies Ordinary Tasks Difficult Tasks Critical Tasks Easel Hobbies Ironing Kitchen Duties Kitchen Counter Critical Seeing Noncritical Kitchen Range Difficult Seeing Noncritical Kitchen Sink Difficult Seeing Noncritical Laundry Preparation and Tub Washer and Dryer Music Study (Piano or Organ) Simple Scores Advanced Scores Substand Size Scores Reading In Chair Books, Magazines and Newspapers Handwriting, Reproductions and Poor Copies In Bed Normal Prolonged Serious or Critical
Footcandles
Footcandles
75 7.5 15 30 30
Primary Task Plane (Casual) Primary Task Plane (Study) Sewing Hand Sewing Dark Fabrics (Low Contrast) Light to Medium Fabrics Occasional Fabrics (High Contrast) Table Games
30 75
150 75 30 30
30 75 150 75 30
Restaurants (see Food Service Facilities) Service Spaces (Also see Storage Rooms) Stairways (Corridors) Elevators (Freight and Passenger) Toilets and Washrooms 15 15 15 15
75 30
75 30 75 30 30 30 30 75 150
Waiting Room and Lounge Ticket Counters Baggage Checking Restrooms Concourse Boarding Area
15 75 30 15 7.5 15
30 75 30 75
112
Area/Activity Bakeries Mixing Room Face of Shelves Inside of Mixing Bowl Fermentation Room Make-up Room Bread Sweet Yeast-raised Products Proofing Room Oven Room Fillings and Other Ingredients Decorating and Icing Mechanical Hand Scales and Thermometers Wrapping Book Binding Folding, Assembling, Pasting Cutting, Punching, Stitching Embossing and Inspection Electric-generating Stations (Interior) Air-conditioning Equipment, Air Preheater and Fan Floor, Ash Sluicing Auxiliaries, Pumps, Tanks, Compressors, Gauge Areas Battery Rooms Boiler Platforms Burner Platforms Cable Room Coal Handling Systems Coal Pulverizer Condensers, Deaerator Floor, Evaporator Floor, Heater Floors Control Rooms Main Control Boards Auxiliary Control Panels Operator's Station Maintenance and Wiring Areas Emergency Operating Lighting
Footcandles 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 75 30 30
Area/Activity Electric-generating Stations (continued) Gauge Reading Hydrogen and Carbon Dioxide Manifold Area Laboratory Precipitators Screen House Soot or Slag Blower Platform Steam Headers and Throttles Switchgear and Motor Control Centers
Telephone and Communication Equipment Rooms Tunnels or Galleries (Piping and Electrical) Turbine Building Operating Floor Below Operating Floor Visitor's Gallery Water Treatment Area Garages (Service)
30 75 150
75 15 30
30 30 75 75
Flat Work Ironing, Weighing, Listing, Marking Machine and Press Finish, Sorting Fine Hand Ironing Paint Shops Dipping, Simple Spraying, Firing Rubbing, Ordinary Hand Painting and Finishing Art, Stencil, and Special Spraying Fine Hand Painting and Finishing Extra-fine Hand Painting and Finishing Storage Rooms or Warehouses
30 30 75 300
30 30 75 30 15
7.5 15 30
113
Area/Activity Building Exteriors Entrances Active (Pedestrian and/or Conveyance) Inactive (Normally Locked, Inf requently Used) Vital Locations or Structures Building Surroundings Buildings and Monuments Floodlighted Bright Surroundings Light Surfaces Medium Light Surf aces Medium Dark Surf aces Dark Surfaces Dark Surroundings Light Surfaces Medium Light Surf aces Medium Dark Surf aces Dark Surfaces Bulletin and Poster Boards Bright Surroundings Light Surfaces Dark Surfaces Dark Surroundings Light Surfaces Dark Surfaces Electric-generating Stations (Exterior) Boiler areas Catw alks, General Areas Stairs and Platforms
Footcandles
Footcandles 1 0.2
5 1 5 1
Coal Storage Piles, Ash Dumps Hydroelectric Pow erhouse Roof, Stairs, Platform and Intake Decks Inlet and Discharge Water Area Intake Structures Deck and Laydow n Area
5 0.2 5 2 0.2 2 1 2 5 2 5 2 5 5
15 20 30 50 5 10 15 20
Valve Pits Inlet Water Area Parking Areas Main Plant Parking Secondary Parking Substation Horizontal General Use Vertical Tasks Transf ormer Yard Horizontal General Area Vertical Tasks Turbine Areas
50 100 20 50
Building Surroundings Turbine and Heater Decks, Unloading Bays Entrances, Stairs and Platforms Gardens General Lighting Path, Steps (Aw ay from House) Backgrounds (Fence, Walls, Trees, Shrubbery)
0.5 1 2 5 5 10 20
2 5
Flow er Beds, Rock Gardens Trees, Shrubbery (When Emphasized) Focal Points (Large)
Ground Level Areas (including Precipitators, FD and ID Fans, Bottom Ash Hoppers) Cooling Tow ers Fan Deck, Platf orms, Stairs, Valve Areas Pump Areas Fuel Handling 5 2 5
114
Area/Activity Service Stations (at Grade) Dark Surrounding Approach Driveway Pump Island Area Building Faces (Exclusive of Glass) Service Areas Landscape Highlights Light Surrounding Approach Driveway Pump Island Area Building Faces (Exclusive of Glass) Service Areas Landscape Highlights Storage Yards Active Inactive
Footcandles
1.5 1.5 20 10 3 2 3 5 30 30 7 5
20 1
115
TABLE 12 (CONTINUED) FOOTCANDLE (fc) REQUIREMENTS BY AREA/ACTIVITY Sports and Recreation Areas
Area/Activity Archery (Indoor) Target (Tournament) Target (Recreational) Shooting Line (Tournament) Shooting Line (Recreational) Archery (Outdoor) Target (Tournament) Target (Recreational) Shooting Line (Tournament) Shooting Line (Recreational) Badminton Tournament Club Recreational Baseball AA and AAA League Infield Outfield A and B League Infield Outfield C and D League Infield Outfield Semi-pro and Municipal League Infield Outfield Recreational Infield Outfield Junior League (Class I and Class II) Infield Outfield On Seats During Game On Seats Before and After Game
Footcandles 50 30 20 10
Area/Activity Bathing Beaches On Land 150 Feet from Shore Billiards (On Table) Tournament Recreational
Footcandles 1 3 50 30
10 5 10 5
30 20 10
10 5
70 50
50 30 30 20 20 15 15 10
Championship Professional Amateur Seats During Bout Seat Before and After Bout Casting (Bait, Dry-fly, Wet-fly) Pier or Dock Target (at 24 meters (80 feet) for bait casting and 15 meters (50 feet) for wet or dry-fly casting)
10
30 20 2 5
Basketball College and Professional College Intramural and High School Recreational (Outdoor) 50 30 10
20 15
116
TABLE 13 (CONTINUED) FOOTCANDLE (fc) REQUIREMENTS BY AREA/ACTIVITY Sports and Recreation Areas
Area/Activity Combination (Outdoor Continued) Industrial Softball/6-man Football Infield Outfield and Football Croquet or Roque Tournament Recreational Curling Tournament Tees Rink Recreational Tees Rink Fencing Exhibitions Recreational Football
Footcandles
Area/Activity Gymnasiums (Refer to Individual Sports Listed) General Exercising and Recreation
Footcandles 30
20 15 Handball Tournament Club 10 5 Indoor (Four-wall or Squash) Outdoor (Two-court) Recreational Indoor (Four-wall or Squash) Outdoor (Two-court) 50 30 20 10 Jai-alai Professoinal 50 30 Lacrosse 20 5 5 Amateur 100 70 Hockey (Field) Horse Shoes 20 20 20 10 30 20 50
Distance from Nearest Sideline to the Farthest Row of Spectators Class I - Over 30 Meters (100 Feet) Class II - 15 to 30 Meters (50 to 100 Feet) Class III - 9 to 15 Meters (30 to 50 Feet) Clas IV - Under 9 Meters (30 Feet) Class V - No Fixed Seating Facilities Football (6-man) High School or College Junior High and Recreational 20 10 100 50 30 20 10
30 20 10 30 20
Golf Tee Fairway Green Driving Range At 180 Meters (200 Yards) Over Tee Area Miniature Practice Putting Green 5 10 10 10 5 1 5
Horse
117
TABLE 13 (CONTINUED) FOOTCANDLE (fc) REQUIREMENTS BY AREA/ACTIVITY Sports and Recreation Areas
Area/Activity Rifle and Pistol Range (Indoor) On Targets Firing Point Range Rodeo Arena Professional Amateur Recreational Pens and Chutes Shuffleboard (Indoor) Tournament Recreational Shuffleboard (Outdoor) Tournament Recreational Skating Roller Rink Skeet Target at 18 Meters (60 Feet) Firing Points Skeet and Trap (Combination) Targets at 30 Meters (100 Feet) for Trap, 18 meters (60 Feet) for Skeet Firing Points
Footcandles 100 20 10
Area/Activity Softball (continued) Industrial League Infield Outfield Recreational (6-pole) Infield
Footcandles
20 15
10 7
50 30 10 5
Outfield Slow Pitch (Tournament - See Industrial League) Slow Pitch (see Recreational 6-pole)
30 20
10 5
Recreational Underwater (1000 (100) Lamp Lumens Per Square Meter (Foot) of Surface Area)
10
30 5
Underwater (600 (60) Lamp Lumens Per Square Meter (Foot) of Surface Area) Tennis (Indoor) Tournament 100 75 50
30 5
Club Recreational
118
TABLE 13 (CONTINUED) FOOTCANDLE (fc) REQUIREMENTS BY AREA/ACTIVITY Sports and Recreation Areas
Area/Activity Tennis (Table) Tournament Club Recreational Trap Targets at 30 Meters (100 Feet) Firing Points Volleyball Tournament Recreational
Footcandles 50 30 20
30 5
20 10
119
Area/Activity Airports Hanger Apron Terminal Building Apron Parking Area Loading Area Rail Conveyances Boarding or Exiting Fare Box (Rapid Transit Train) Vestibule (Commuter and Inter-city Trains) Aisles Advertising Cards (Rapid Transit and Commuter Trains) Back-lighted Advertising Cards (Rapid Transit 2 and Commuter Trains - 860 cd/m (250 fL) Average Maximum) Reading Restrooms (Inter-city Train) Dining Area (Inter-city Train) Food Preparation (Inter-city Train) Lounge (Inter-city Train) General Lighting Table Games Sleeping Car General Lighting Normal Reading Prolonged Seeing Road Conveyances Step Well and Adjacent Ground Area Fare Box General Lighting (for Seat Selection and Movement) City and Inter-city Buses at City Stop Inter-city Bus at Country Stop School Bus while Moving School Bus at Stops Advertising Cards Back-lighted Advertising Cards (see Rail Conveyances) Reading Emergency Exit (School Bus)
Footcandles 1 0.5 2
10 15 10 10 30
30 20 50 70 20 30 10 30 70
10 15 10 2 2 15 30 30 308 5
120
121
TABLE 15 EQUIVALENT FULL LOAD COOLING HOURS (12-Month Operating Schedule for Thermally Heavy Buildings)
8 am to 5 pm Location Abilene Amarillo Austin Big Spring Brownsville Corpus Christi Del Rio El Paso Fort Worth Houston San Antonio Sherman Waco 5 Days/Week 1,036 867 1,155 939 1,516 1,369 1,110 999 1,078 1,200 1,176 928 1,162
7 am to 6 pm 5 Days/Week 1,213 997 1,360 1,102 1,787 1,636 1,317 1,161 1,267 1,408 1,384 1,092 1,366
24 Hours/Day 7 Days/Week 3,338 2,605 3,784 3,028 4,977 4,729 3,737 3,124 3,524 3,854 3,859 3,036 3,795
122
TABLE 15 EQUIVALENT FULL LOAD COOLING HOURS (10-Month Operating Schedule (August - May) for Thermally Heavy Buildings)
8 am to 5 pm Location Abilene Amarillo Austin Big Spring Brownsville Corpus Christi Del Rio El Paso Fort Worth Houston San Antonio Sherman Waco 5 Days/Week 755 607 864 681 1,196 1,057 841 727 785 917 884 669 925
7 am to 6 pm 5 Days/Week 879 694 1,013 793 1,405 1,261 993 841 920 1,069 1,039 784 1,086
24 Hours/Day 7 Days/Week 2,382 1,761 2,792 2,150 3,894 3,631 2,791 2,220 2,526 2,901 2,873 2,155 3,013
123
TABLE 15 (CONTINUED) EQUIVALENT FULL LOAD COOLING HOURS (12-Month Operating Schedule for Thermally Light Buildings)
8 am to 5 pm Location Abilene Amarillo Austin Big Spring Brownsville Corpus Christi Del Rio El Paso Fort Worth Houston San Antonio Sherman Waco 5 Days/Week 641 501 741 559 1,107 919 698 599 688 760 748 549 671
7 am to 6 pm 5 Days/Week 729 556 849 636 1,259 1,071 811 676 788 859 856 628 764
24 Hours/Day 7 Days/Week 1,850 1,295 2,181 1,616 3,170 2,900 2,188 1,666 2,030 2,117 2,214 1,607 1,943
124
TABLE 15 (CONTINUED) EQUIVALENT FULL LOAD COOLING HOURS (10-Month Operating Schedule (August - May) for Thermally Light Buildings)
8 am to 5 pm Location Abilene Amarillo Austin Big Spring Brownsville Corpus Christi Del Rio El Paso Fort Worth Houston San Antonio Sherman Waco 5 Days/Week 415 306 500 361 825 650 484 380 444 529 509 350 446
7 am to 6 pm 5 Days/Week 467 335 567 407 933 756 557 425 504 593 580 396 505
24 Hours/Day 7 Days/Week 1,147 748 1,424 997 2,306 2,013 1,468 1,010 1,262 1,421 1,466 985 1,248
125
TABLE 16 EQUIVALENT FULL LOAD HEATING HOURS (10- and 12-Month Operating Schedule for Thermally Heavy Buildings)
8 am to 5 pm Location Abilene Amarillo Austin Big Spring Brownsville Corpus Christi Del Rio El Paso Fort Worth Houston San Antonio Sherman Waco 5 Days/Week 102 211 38 112 5 7 22 55 74 17 26 101 55
24 Hours/Day 7 Days/Week 513 1,125 215 541 23 31 131 407 378 119 170 498 285
126
TABLE 16 (CONTINUED) EQUIVALENT FULL LOAD HEATING HOURS (10- and 12-Month Operating Schedule for Thermally Light Buildings)
8 am to 5 pm Location Abilene Amarillo Austin Big Spring Brownsville Corpus Christi Del Rio El Paso Fort Worth Houston San Antonio Sherman Waco 5 Days/Week 313 478 200 334 57 95 166 250 279 140 172 330 230
7 am to 6 pm 5 Days/Week 415 639 267 438 82 126 224 351 369 197 235 430 309
24 Hours/Day 7 Days/Week 1,481 2,323 988 1,548 326 428 836 1,379 1,310 775 889 1,498 1,128
127