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Voltage-divider bias is
the most widely used
type of bias circuit. Only
one power supply is
needed and voltage-
divider bias is more
stable( independent)
than other bias types.
For this reason it will be
the primary focus for
study.
Voltage-Divider Bias
Apply your knowledge of
voltage-dividers to
understand how R1 and R2
are used to provide the
needed voltage to point
A(base). The resistance to
ground from the base is
not significant enough to
consider in most cases.
Remember, the basic
operation of the transistor
has not changed.
Voltage-Divider Bias
In the case where base to ground resistance(input resistance) is
low enough to consider, we can determine it by the simplified
equation RIN(base) = DCRE
We can view the voltage at point A of the circuit in two ways,
with or without the input resistance(point A to ground)
considered.
Voltage-Divider Bias
R1 Open
With no bias the
transistor is in
cutoff.
Base voltage goes
down to 0 V.
Collector voltage
goes up to
10 V(VCC).
Emitter voltage
goes down to 0 V.
Troubleshooting
Resistor RE Open:
Transistor is in cutoff.
Base reading voltage will
stay approximately the
same.
Collector voltage goes up
to 10 V(VCC).
Emitter voltage will be
approximately the base
voltage + .7 V.
Troubleshooting
Base Open Internally:
Transistor is in cutoff.
Base voltage stays
approximately the
same.
Collector voltage goes
up to 10 V(VCC).
Emitter voltage goes
down to 0 V.
Troubleshooting
Open BE Junction:
Transistor is in cutoff.
Base voltage stays
approximately the
same.
Collector voltage goes
up to 10 V(VCC)
Emitter voltage goes
down to 0 V.
Troubleshooting
Open BC Junction:
Base voltage goes
down to 1.11 V
because of more base
current flow through
emitter.
Collector voltage goes
up to 10 V(VCC).
Emitter voltage will
drop to .41 V because
of small current flow
from forward-biased
base-emitter junction.
Troubleshooting
RC Open:
Base voltage goes down to
1.11 V because of more
current flow through the
emitter.
Collector voltage will drop
to .41 V because of current
flow from forward-biased
collector-base junction.
Emitter voltage will drop to
.41 V because of small
current flow from forward-
biased base-emitter
junction.
Troubleshooting
R2 Open: