Technological Life Cycles and

Decision Making
Apichat Sopadang
Industrial Engineering
Chiang Mai University
A Sopadang TechnologyLC and DM 2
Manager`s View of Life Cycle
! Type oI LiIe Cycle
" Technology LiIe Cycle
" Product/Process LiIe
Cycle
" System LiIe Cycle
" Project LiIe Cycle
" Organization LiIe Cycle
" Business LiIe Cycle
! Stage oI LiIe Cycle
" Birth
" Early Growth
" Later Growth
" Stable Maturity
" Unstable Maturity
" Phase Out
A Sopadang TechnologyLC and DM 3
Summary of Life Cycle
A Sopadang TechnologyLC and DM 4
Product, Process or Service Life Cycle
A Sopadang TechnologyLC and DM 5
WHOOSH: Capable of reaching speeds up
to 300 m.p.h., the TRO8 maglev vehicle
goes through its paces at the Transrapid
Test Facility in Emsland, Germany. t
presents a sleek, wheeless profile.
Computers & TechnoIogy
from the December 13, 2001 edition
Old Dominion University
A Sopadang TechnologyLC and DM 6
A Sopadang TechnologyLC and DM 7
System Life Cycle
! Activities Lead to System Design Function
" System Planning Function
" System Research Function
" System Design Function
" Production and/or Construction Function
" System Evaluation Function
" System Use and Logical Support Function
A Sopadang TechnologyLC and DM 8
Acquisition Phase Utilization Phase
Requirement
Preliminary
Design
Design and
Development
Production
Operational
Use
Phase Out Disposal
Concurrent System LiIe Cycle
A Sopadang TechnologyLC and DM 9
Project Life Cycle
! Resource Allocation
! InIormation Requirements
! Project Progress
! Project LiIe Cycle Management
" Pre-commercialization, Introduction, Growth, Maturity,
and Decline
! Project LiIe Cycle and Complexity
" Uncertainty, Coordinative, and Component complexity
A Sopadang TechnologyLC and DM 10
Project LiIe Cycle Resource Requirements
A Sopadang TechnologyLC and DM 11
Organization Life Cycle
! Creativity Phase (create and market a new technology)
! Directional Phase (sustained growth)
! Delegation Phase (decentralized enterprise)
! Co-ordination Phase (use Iormal systems Ior achieving
greater co-ordination)
! Collaborative Phase (strong management team approach)
A Sopadang TechnologyLC and DM 12
Business Life Cycle
! Emergence (Market-driven opportunities)
! DiIIusion and Development (Product and
process/service improvement opportunities)
! Maturity (End-game opportunities)
A Sopadang TechnologyLC and DM 13
Decision Making
Decision makers oIten deal with problems
that involve multiple, usually conIlicting
criteria
" Alternatives
" Multiple Attributes
" Incommensurable Units
" Attribute Weights
" Decision Matrix
A Sopadang TechnologyLC and DM 14
Identify the
problem
Identify objectives
and alternatives
Decompose and
model the
problem
Chose the best
alternative
Sensitivity analysis
Is further analysis
needed?
Implement the
chosen alternative
Yes
No
Decision Flow Analysis
A Sopadang TechnologyLC and DM 15
Relationship Between Problems and Decision Levels
A Sopadang TechnologyLC and DM 16
Decision Making Tools
! Financial Decision Tools
" LiIe Cycle Analysis
" Cash Flow Analysis
" Cost EIIectiveness Analysis
! Decision Support Tools
" Decision Trees
" InIluence Diagrams
" Fuzzy Logic