P SAN FR ANC ISCO SOC IAL PSYCH IATR Y SEM IN AR S FOR THE

STUDY OF TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS AND SOCIAL DYNAMICS

TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS BULLETIN

0 F a

VOLUME 1_____________APRIL, 1962______________NUMBER 2

4Page

SCIENTIFIC PROCEEDINGS
WINTER QUARTER, 1962 ------------------------------------------------------------7

SOCIAL DYNAMICS
ON "STR OKIN G' ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 9

D. Kupfer CLINICAL NOTES E. Berne

"IN TREATMENT" --------------------------------------------------------------------10 TEACHING GROUP THERAPY ---------------------------------------------------11 THE OBESITY "PROBLEM" ---------------------------------------------------------11

THEORY
INSTITUTIONAL GAMES -------------------------------------------------------------------12 E. Berne, R.

Birnbaum, R. Poindexter, B. Rosenfeld

AN ILLUSTRATIVE SITUATION 13

RESEARCH
LATE BULLETIN ------------------------------------------------------------------------13

ORGANIZATIONAL NEWS ------------------------------------------------------ 14 EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES ----------------------------------------------------- 15

TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS BULLETIN

Published Quarterly by THE SAN FRANCISCO' SOCIAL PSYCHIATRY SEMINARS
A NON-PROFIT EDUCATIONAL CORPORATION

VOLUME 1

APRIL 1962

NUMBER 2

The Transactional Analysis Bulletin will be published quarterly to keep active members, members at large,' associate members, former students,; and other

Interested parties current with ''the; scientific, educational, .organizational and personal activities of the San Francisco Social Psychiatry Seminars. Subscriptions are solicited from institutions 'and libraries at $3 per year (U.K. 18/-)., All funds received from associate memberships and subscriptions will be devoted to continuing and enlarging the Bulletin until it becomes possible to publish selected; short articles on transactional analysis and social dynamics. Subscriptions, 'enquiries, quiries, exchanges, and financial contributions `should be addressed to The Trans actional Analysis Bulletin, P.O. Box 5747, Carmel, California.

original observations, brief accounts of clinical, scientific,. ;'or teaching activities, letters to the editor, or personal and organizational notes, should be addressed to the Editor, Transactional Analysis Bulletin, at the above address.' Such contributions are encouraged as the best way for members in various parts of the . country keep, in touch with each other. Advertising Rates for classified and display advertising will be submitted' on request. The Bulletin reaches a select audience of professional people in the San Francisco Bay Area and other. parts of the country., ' THE' SAN FRANCISCO SOCIAL PSYCHIATRY, SEMINARS Directors 1961 .1962 Eric Berne, M.D. Melvin H. Boyce, B.S. Joseph Concannon, M.S.W. Franklin Ernst, M.D. Kenneth V. Everts, M.D.

Short summaries of newly -discovered transactional games or other

Contributors

Viola Litt, M.A.

Frances Matson, M.S.W. Ray Poindexter, M.D. Myra ' Schapps, M.S.W.

At Large Claude Steiner, M.A., Ann Arbor Barbara Rosenfeld, M.S.W., Philadelphia
Copyright 1962, S. F. Social Psychiatry Seminars, Inc.

SCIENTIFIC PROCEEDINGS
WINTER QUARTER - ADVANCED SEMINAR - 202 - JANUARY - MARCH 1962

.January 16. Eric Berne: (1) A New Game: 'You'll Have. To Take Me as I Am." This is most dramatically played by beatnik adolescents. If they are "accepted" as they are, how much more will they be accepted when the respondent sees the hidden sterling qualities. If they are not "accepted" it is only what they expected and they can retire to autistic selfindulgence. The external social advantage is the related pastime "They'll Have to Take Us as We Are." Another suggested name (Litt) is "Who Needs You?" and the, corresponding pastime "Who Needs Them?" (2) The Crisis in Family Therapy. As Szurek first emphasized, when the child improves, the neurotic needs of the parents are frustrated. If the parents in family therapy see that the therapist means business, there is a strong tendency to withdraw. In the case cited the parents withdrew but let the child continue treatment. When the student abandoned the family game in favor of authenticity, and came home with the "A" grades which the parents demanded of the therapy, they transferred the child to another therapist without notice. (3) Pseudo-Intimacy. Talking about love interferes with the act of loving. One cannot truthfully say "I love you," but only "I was loving you," or possibly "I am loving you." January 23, February 13, and March 20. Kenneth Everts: "A Therapy Group in Private Practice." (Continued from TAB Vol. 1, No. 1). Spouses in the group combined "See What You Made Me Do" (grammatically, a second person game) with "Court-Room" (grammatically, a third person game). When the therapist inadvertently used the word "but" in his analysis, both spouses turned on him. He retreated by using polysyllables, "non-Child" words, which played into their hands, and the analysis had to be abandoned for the time being. In an aggressor-victim game like Court-Room, it is usually better to be curious about the "victim's" reactions than the "aggressor's" motives. Otherwise the aggressor feels accused and the victim feels "supported," both of which impede analysis of the game. If an attempt at game analysis does not succeed immediately, the therapist should desist for the time being, as it is probable that he is being drawn into the game and that his interpretations will be exploited rather than heard. In an aggressor-victim game where the wife as Persecutor attacked the husband as Alcoholic, they both co-operated in frustrating the therapist's attempt to break up the game. If the husband allows the wife to stop attacking him, he will be deprived of his excuse for slyly attacking her later on in the meeting, after his customary "latent period" of 10 - 15 minutes. January 30, February 20, March 13. Franklin Ernst: "A Therapy Group in Private Practice." Mr. T involved the other members in "Ain't It Awful" by exhibiting a frac tured arm in a cast. He responded to their stroking with: "Now I'll have to break my other arm, ha ha." Mr. T is "accident-prone" and "fight-prone." A few weeks

later,. when his arm was better; he intervened between two men who were fighting in a bar and got beaten up. He returned to the group with bruises and tried to start "Ain't It Awful" ' again. The other members refused to play and he became so acutely anxious that the therapist played in order to avert a panic. .One day Mr. T asked solicitously: "How are you, doc?" As in a veil dance, he revealed more and more clearly as the session progressed that this "really" meant: "When are you going to drop dead?" His final statement was "A doctor told my. grandfather he would soon be dead, but he outlived the doctor, ha ha." Mr. J plays a hard game of "Veteran," justifying his position as a pensioner by living in the wartime past of twenty years ago. The therapist points out that the project of justifying his position has prevented Mr. J from experiencing anything that has happened , since the war. The patient is in a difficult position, since if he stops playing "Veteran" he may lose his pension. His Parent gives him permission to take a pension and his Child gladly accepts it. To solve the dilemma, his Adult must be set up to intervene. February b. (1) Mardi Horowitz: "A Group in a Rut" A group had functioned as a training ground for a succession of psychiatric residents for almost 15,years with no significant change. At the social' level it was a pastime club favoring "Ain't It Awful," "If It Weren't for Them," and "Look How Hard I'm Trying." Psychologically the members became experts at frustrating ambitious young psychiatrists who uniformly played "I'm Only Trying to Help You." There was no therapeutic contract, and the members conceived of themselves as "training young therapists." The group was re-organized and one intransigeant member was "fired. The. others' were resentful. and said: "How can you do that to him after all he's done for the clinic?" (2) Robert Birnbaum. "A Group , of Chronic Relief Clients." (Continued from TAB Vol. 1, No. 1). Birnbaum reviewed the despair of these chronic "clients" when he refused to play "I'm Only Trying to Help You." At first they did not believe him; when. he convinced them, some withdrew. They -were most upset when he said-that attendance was not compulsory. Birnbaum concludes after four months of observation and thinking that their lack of progress through years of "clienthood" was due to commissions, not, omissions, on the part of their workers. Agencies tend_ to regard clients as "material to, be changed" and play "I'm Only Trying to Help You." If this game is broken up, the clients behave differently.. February 27. Eric Berne. (1) "A Group in Private Practice." A young woman who played a hard game of "You'll Have To Take Me as I, Am" responded to esthetic appeals from the therapist which fitted in with her own philosophy. She began to dress well and enjoyed the new kind of. attention she provoked from men ("First Degree Rapo"). Her husband, a sensitive sulk who played the same game, became sulkier,. and claimed he was in a "homosexual bind." When the group pointed out he was only binding himself, he abandoned that position and sulked without attempting rationalization. The wife changed her childhood decision to be "not OK" and with it. her script, and is now "OK.` The fate of the marriage depends on whether her husband can do the same. (2) Adolescent Games. A young, patient pointed out the similarity between "Let's Make Mother Feel Sorry" and "'Late Paper." By consistently turning in her themes after the deadline; the pupil finally provokes an outburst from the teacher. By shrewd timing and stage-setting, she contrives to make the teacher feel sorry for his .outburst, so that he "pulls himself together" and ends by apologizing.

r.

March 6. Paul McCormick: "A Probation Interview." McCormick described a skilfully-conducted interview with a vandalistic burglar from a broken home. The probationer favors "Let's You and Him Fight" and is planning a new campaign involving twb people who have befriended him. McCormick steadfastly refuses to be distracted from the analysis of this game until the probationer retreats to an oral level and asks for something to eat. M then desists and sympathizes with the patient about his deprived childhood. When the patient recovers, M pushes the analysis again, but more gently, leaving the probationer soothed and thoughtful at the end of the interview. March 27. David Kupfer: "A Transactional Analysis Group." Kupfer, an able and committed transactional analyst, presented a group which is almost completely free of rituals, pastimes, and game stereotypes, and concentrates with maximum efficiency on analysing the intra-group transactions . a "pure" transactional analysis group. One member said he felt slightly depressed and frankly asked for (symbolic) stroking. The newest member went through a dramatic struggle trying to avoid the implied intimacy. A homosexual interpretation was deliberately avoided as inappropriate at this stage, in accordance with the transactional principal "Get better first and analyse your conflicts later." Transactional analysis was vigorously initiated in this group from the very first meeting. The gross attendance during the first four months has been 98%, the highest ever reported at the Seminars, and in another group 100% over a period of 5 months. In contrast, when he formerly used an institutionalized "psychoanalytic" approach, his gross attendance ran about 65%.

SOCIAL DYNAMICS
ON "STROKING!' (D. Kupfer) In transactional analysis, verbal "stroking" (recognition) is regarded as a substitute for the physical caressing necessary to preserve the physical health of an infant, as demonstrated by Spitz (*1). The colloquialism is: "If you are not stroked, your spinal cord will shrivel up." There is some evidence that the value of a simple "stroke" can vary with circumstances. If we assign a value of 5 to the simplest stroke, "Hello," then "Hello, Joe," may have a value of 10. But "Hello, Joe," coming from a "celebrity" may have a value of 100. It has been pointed out that in general, stroking is based on a "reciprocal trade agreement" whereby strokes given are expected to be compensated by strokes received. In the relationship between a parent and a child, e.g., a father and daughter, the situation is complicated. Internal Parental rules forbid the father from "using" the daughter as a source of stroking. It is his "duty and responsibility" to supply "unselfish" strokes as part of her upbringing. Here a cumulative process operates. The daughter gets instalments of 5 or 10 point strokes for a while; then when she hugs her father and says "I love you," he gets his accumulated compensation in one lump sum. The total "stroke points" in a transaction determine the intensity of the physical reaction. An ordinary "Hello" from a person who is transactionally relatively unimportant may produce only a minimal or even subliminal physiological gratification, while more intensive "stroking" from a more important person produces a correspondingly stronger state of "feeling good," as with the father whose baby daughter hugs him and gives him a "lump sum" stroke. The non-return of a "Hello" stroke produces either a projective "What's wrong with him?" or an introjective "What's wrong with me?" reaction.
(*1) Spitz, R. "Hospitalism." Psychoanalytic Study of the Child 1: 53.74, 1945. 9

CLINICAL NOTES' (E. Berne) "IN TREATMENT"

There comes a time in the course of psychotherapy when 'the, patient's' at titude.changes so that the therapist feels he is now "really" in treatment. From one point of view it may be said, in the language of Starrels (*1), that the patient has made a commitment to therapy. It is evidently of some importance to try to understand the dynamics of this change. One, interesting phenomenon is that a patient who has previously been in thearpy with another therapist will. make . his commitment to a new therapist more quickly. than a fresh patient. The preliminary process also has a different quality. The fresh patient seems to be assessing both' the therapeutic approach and the therapist himself. The referred patient may take the approach for granted and has only, it appears, to assess the new, therapist. He is already committed to the external structure of the therapeutic hour: the rigid schedule, the therapist's taciturnity, and the couch, for example. These and other observations made through the years come together in the following preliminary statement(*2) of the structural analysis of the state of being "in treatment." A patient is' in treatment when his Child accepts the Adult of the therapist as a substitute for his own Parent. His Child abdicates his previous adaptations, in effect divorcing his Parent, and re-adapts himself to. the, therapist as perceived. In this phase he first perceives the therapist as a new, usually more permissive Parent, but one who can offer him the same magical protection as his own inner Parent, and that is the condition for the divorce. At this point he is "in therapy," which means operationally that he will play it the therapist's way (up to a point) rather than using the adaptations he learned as a child in relation to his actual parents. This permits him to talk more freely, for example: what is vulgarly known as "opening up. At this point he is already to a certain extent "better," and 'the 'improvement' corresponds in a general way to the psychoanalytic "transference improvement." ."Real" improvement comes about when the patient's Child perceives that what he mistook. in the therapist for a Parent is really an Adult, an objective datarprocesser. hen he discovers that he himself has an independent dataprocessing capacity which he never learned to use properly, he begins to exercise it. At a certain,, point the patient's. Child concedes that the. therapist is no longer, necessary, since the patient :has his own built in Adult, and can now do for himself what the. therapist has been doing.

Thus treatment proceeds in three stages. for the patient:

(1) Child assesses therapist as potential Parent; this iss an unstable phase; (2) Child divorces Parent, accepts therapist's Adult as substitute; this is commitment to therapy, and patient is "in treatment;" (3) Child accepts own Adult as substitute for therapist's Adult, formerly misperceived as a Parent; this is dynamic change. This whole process of therapy can then be summarized as follows: using the therapist as an intermediary, the patient's Child shifts his allegiance from his inner. Parent to his own Adult. For a large percentage of cases, this is a sufficient therapeutic goal in itself. If desirable and practical, further psychoanalytic deconfusion of the Child can be advantageously under taken under these improved dynamic conditions. (*1) Starrels, R.J. Am. J. Psychother. XIV: 719-727, 1960. (*2) The decisive material for this outline was presented by D. Kupfer .

10

TEACHING GROUP THERAPY An interesting and instructive way of teaching group therapy has beerr followed for some months at the advanced Seminar. Single transactions, one single stimulus and one ensueing response, are played from a tape-recording of a therapy session. The members of the Seminar then make whatever predictions and deductions they can about the agent and the respondent: e.g., what game is being initiated and what the outcome is likely to be, what the parents of those involved said to them when they were children, and what vicissitudes they have undergone since. Then the next transaction is played and similarly discussed. Properly conducted, this is not a guessing game, but has three salutary effects. (1) It eliminates the rambling, hobbyriding and speculation which usually follows the presentation of a group meeting in its entirety. (2) It sharpens the clinical perception of the participants, since the presenting therapist or the recording can immediately verify or correct their con clusions in detail. Thus idle speculation is discouraged, and clinical relevancy is encouraged. (3) It impresses on the participants the possibility and desirability of planning ahead for therapeutic technique on the basis of predictive and deductive probability.

THE OBESITY "PROBLEM" The suspected parallelism between the game of Alcoholic and the game of Obesity is receiving clinical support. Mrs. 0 was observed in a marital group to play CourtRoom, Absolute Type. Her accusations against her husband were full of absolutes: "You always do that;" "Every time I say that, you say this." In spite of her attempts to exert social control after this was mentioned, she was unable to desist, and the absolutes continued to appear, evidently due to the persistence of an archaic Parent. At her next individual interview, she remarked: "Last week I was doing pretty well, but now I am continually eating." The therapist attacked the intran sigeant Parent by correcting her: "Intermittently eating." She replied: "Yes, but my mother said 'You're always eating I"' Her mother's statement was a com plex one, containing: (1) an error of fact (obviously, she only ate intermittently) and (2) a "not-OK" implication; in short, it was a classical Parental type of statement. She carried this inaccurate, critical Parental Persecutor inside her so that she was continually "beating on herself." This was the same Parent who beat on her husband, as demonstrated in the group, and on her children as she had also made clear. In her childhood, sweets were particularly forbidden and sinful; but her father often brought her chocolate when he came home from work, in this respect functioning like the Patsy in Alchoholic. Obese patients often go from one unsuccessful Rescuer to another, just as the Alcoholic does, and there is even a kind of "Obesity Anonymous" organization in many cities. Hence "Obesity," like "Alcoholic,", is a four-handed game when played in full flower, with the one who is It, a Persecutor, a Patsy, and a Rescuer. The differences (at least in the case cited) are (1) the "hangover" contains more shame than remorse (2) the Persecutor is ipsisexual rather than contrasexual, and is internal rather than external. The Patsy and the Rescuer show the same characteristics in both games. At the deepest level, Mrs. O's mother was correct: Mrs. 0 was always eating (cannibalistic fantasies), just as the Alcoholic is "always" drinking. But this level is inaccessible in the ordinary course of therapy. The transactional approach, focussing on the payoff of the game in both cases (the "hangover") offers special leverage which has already proven effective in several instances.

THEORY
INSTITUTIONAL GAMES (E Berne, R. Birnbaum, R. Poindexter, B. Rosen f eld) The proceedings in the past quarter were concerned to a considerable extent with institutional games. In our last issue, under the heading "How 'Effective Can You Be Without Getting Fired ?" we mentioned the Rosenfeld relation for social agencies. The, chronic case load (C) must not be seriously disturbed, but casual clients (A) can be permissibly rehabilitated. If C plus A falls below an empirical, minimum (x), the staff becomes disturbed and the too eager worker is in_jeopardy (J). This can be stated "If C plus A is less than x, then J occurs." (1) This equation quantifies the agency game of "I'm Only Trying to Help You - But People Are So Ungrateful (ITHY). The corresponding equation in industry refers to the game of SNAFU ("I'm short handed again"), played by supervisors. If permanent workers (C) plus temporary workers (A) rises above an empirical maximum (y), the work gets done.. easily and SNAFU is threatened the supervisors then turn on the executive who is too efficient at staffing. They can no longer complain about being short-handed and complain instead about the quality of A they are getting, and the executive is in jeopardy. This may be stated as "if C plus A is greater than y, then J." (2) This is the Poindexter relation. C must- not be disturbed seriously, because then the work would not get done at' all, as A are inexperienced. The general problem is how to resolve the inconsistency between (1) and (2). Why is x in ITHY a minimum and y,in SNAFU a maximum ? Because in a social agency the staff are machines programmed to play ITHY, and the clients (C plus A) are, material for these

machines to work on. In industry the workers (C Plus A) are machines and not material (Berne). If this is understood clearly: the difference between the material of the group activity and the machines which work on thee material, then the inconsistency disappears. In the social agency, the clients are material to' be changed, and in the industrial plant (or hospital kitchen) the metals or potatoes are material to be changed. If we now revise proposition (1), and instead of saying that there, are too few clients left, we say that there are too many workers (W) left, it reads "If W is greater than x, then J occurs." And if we substitute (W) for C plus A (workers) in proposition (2), it reads the same way: "If W is greater than y, then J occurs." The two equations now read the same, and the inconsistency no longer appears. It is apparent that (1) and (2) can be generalized for all game ridden organizations, and is intimately connected with problems of automation, featherbedding, and other labor controversies., The generalized form is: If (f1.) (machines) exceeds, x, or x exceeds (f2) (material), then J occurs. This is the Birnbaum relation, in which x. represents an index specific for each organization. f1 applies in SNAFU and f2 in ITHY, in deciding how efficient the executive or social worker can be without getting fired. This is the first attempt to quantify games, and opens up many interesting prospects for transactional analysis and its relationship to other disciplines. The question "How efficient can I be without getting fired ?" exemplifies the firmly enquiring state of mind which the Seminars call colloquially "the Martian attitude." ("I'm a man from Mars, and. all I know is what I see happening"). The question undercuts certain institutionalized sentiments in a way which may

be disconcerting to some people, but is familiar to labor unions, humorists, and economists. The fact is that ulterior motivations which many people prefer to leave unexamined determine what happens to many organizations in the long run. This can be further illustrated by using a theoretical model which may be called, in honor of its originator, a "Poindexter organization." In a game-free organization, promotions and firings are ideally based on a simple effectiveness index for each worker, without ulterior motives. In a Poin dexter organization, one which is engaged in playing ITHY, SNAFU, or other organizational game, ulterior motives over-ride the simple considerations. At the overt or social level, such an organization is interested in disposing of as many "cases" as possible with maximum dispatch as economically as possible. It may also set up an apparatus with the stated object of diminishing the incidence of new "cases." At this level, therefore, the aims of the organization are stated as effectiveness, dispatch, economy, and prevention. At the ulterior or psychological level, however, the aims may be rather different: modest goals (10% instead of 100% effectiveness), no unseemly haste, formal economy with some informal unobtrusive luxury, and a decent humility about prevention. The financial profit (on a cost plus basis) or the budget of the organization may depend on the cost of each "case" and the total load. Hence both financial and game considerations favor the ulterior level. A staff member who is too efficient in carrying out the overt goals poses a double threat to the organization: financial and psychological. His fate depends on the labor policy of the organization. In an "honest Poindexter organization," an employee who is procedurally efficient but must be got rid of for ulterior reasons is kicked upstairs rather than down; his question is "How efficient can I be without getting promoted ?" In a "dishonest Poindexter organization," an efficient employee is kicked downstairs instead of up; his question is "How ef ficient can I be without getting fired ?" AN ILLUSTRATIVE SITUATION "Getting Rid of the Jazz" A patient's daughter contracted leukemia, and was given six months to live. When he told this to people, they said they were sorry and asked if there was anything they could do to help. At the end of six months, the little girl died. This situation raises two transactional questions: (1) State what you would say to a man who told you his daughter had six months to live. Why would you say it ? (2) If your daughter had six months to live, would you tell people ? Why ?

RESEARCH
LATE BULLETIN Preliminary results of the first experimental project on transactional analysis undertaken by an outside research organization are now available. Pending publication elsewhere, only the conclusion will be given here: people in a reportedly Adult ego state have a statistically significant advantage over people in a reportedly Parent or Child ego state in solving an intellectual problem. The experimenters seemed enthusiastic over the simplicity of the approach, and are planning extensions and variations of this pilot study. Their report will be abstracted in the Bulletin as soon as it appears.

ORGANIZATIONAL NEWS
The Bulletin The membership and subscription response to the first issue of the Bulletin was .quite satisfactory, and enables us to publish more text in more journal-like format. We are pleased to have some more Easterners' on our roster. Meetings The Fifth Annual Scientific Conference of the Golden Gate Group Psychotherapy Society will be held at U. C. Medical Centre, San Francisco, on Saturday, June 9, 1962. It will include an all-day workshop on Transactional Analysis, and two transactional papers: a clinical note by David Kupfer on children raised -by structural analysis, and a paper by Eric Berne, "Group Therapy as a Social Institution." BIBLIOGRAPHY There have been numerous requests from various parts of the country for a bibliography on Transactional Analysis. The literature is very limited, consisting at this date of only five papers and one book,, together with this Bulletin. Berne, E. "Ego States in Psychotherapy." American Journal of Psychotherapy, XI: 293-309, 1957. (The first paper on structural analysis, from material read at Mount Zion Hospital and the Langley-Porter Clinic in 1956). Berne, E. "Transactional Analysis: A New . and Effective Method of Group Therapy." American Journal of Psychotherapy, XII: 735-743, 1958. (The first .paper. on transactional analysis, read at the Western Regional Meeting of the AGPA, Los Angeles, 1957). Berne, E. "Principles of Transactional Analysis." Indian Journal of Psychia try, Second series 1 215 - 221, 1959. (A brief resum6 for readers in India). Berne, E. Transactional Analysis in Psychotherapy. Grove Press, New York, 1961' . (Incorporates all the previous material). chapps, M. "Reaching Out to the Mentally Retarded." Casework Papers from National Conference on Social Welfare Annual Forum. Family Service Association, New York, 1959. (Use of transactional analysis in group therapy to prepare adult retardates for employment outside the sheltered workshop). Starrels, R. J. "Alcoholism and the Commitment to Therapy." American Journal of Psychotherapy, XLV: 719 - 727, 1960. (Apparent success of structural analysis invalidated -by .patient's lack of commitment to therapy). Transactional Analysis Bulletin, Volume 1, Numbers -1 and 2. PUBLICATIONS' IN PRESS Eric Berne signed a contract in February with Lippincott for the publication of his book on group dynamics, to be entitled The Therapy of Ailing Groups, or The .Psychodynamics of Organizations. and Groups, PERSONALS Colleen Campbell is now with the Jewish Vocational Service in Chicago. Barbara Rosenfeld is now undergoing intensive selfanalysis - analysing her body fluids in Biochemistry 1 at Women's Medical College in Philadelphia. Viola Litt is now on the staff of the Frederick Finch Children's Home in Oakland, California. George (Our sponsored orphan in Crete)

EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES Course 202, Applied Social Dynamics, will continue to meet every Tuesday evening at 8:30 p.m. until late summer at the office of Eric Berne, M.D., 7200 Washington Street in San Francisco. Qualified visitors are welcome. It is suggested that they check in advance by telephone, PRospect 6-4256, and they are requested not to arrive before 8:20 p.m. The proceedings for the past quarter are abstracted in this issue of the Bulletin. During the Spring Quarter, it is anticipated that therapy groups from private practice and from various Bay Area clinics, hospitals, and institutions will be presented for transactional and game analysis, interspersed with special lectures and didactic-clinical discussions. 101J The next lntrc. Course will be presented in September, 1962, and will be announced in xt issue of the Bulletin, together with resumption of the former practice of sending out special "Please Post" notices. 101H The eighth presentation of the Course in Introductory Social Dynamics ran for eight weeks, from February 21 to April 12, 1962. The enrolment included members of the nursing staffs of Stanford-Palo Alto Hospital and the Oakland Naval Hospital, together with representatives from Fairmont Hospital, Oakland Alcoholic Treatment Centre, and Alameda Welfare Department. EXTRAMURAL TEACHING During the past quarter the teaching of "Transactional Analysis in Group Therapy" at Stanford-Palo Alto Psychiatric Clinic was put on a more systematic basis, with a seven week didactic-clinical course for second year residents, and a similar supervisory course for third year residents. The second series of these courses is planned for May. The six week didactic course was repeated again at Langley-Porter Clinic. Dr. Franklin Ernst continues regular teaching at the California Medical Facility at Vacaville, and at Mendocino, DeWitt, and Stockton State Hospitals. Mrs. Iva Blanks has started a course in transactional analysis for group workers at the California Institution for Women at Corona, with seventeen enrolees. Paul McCormick has been lecturing to the Alameda County Probation Department. Dr. Robert Goulding, of the V.A. Hospital in Roseburg, Oregon, is giving a continuing course in transactional analysis to the Hospital Staff. At a workshop on Family Therapy at the Third Annual Meeting of the Los Angeles Group Psychotherapy Society, the Director of the SFSPS was very courteously encouraged by the other two panel members, Dr. James Jackson and Dr. Richard Parlour, to spend most of the day discussing the application of transactional analysis to family therapy. This courtesy was much appreciated, and the audience seemed receptive, as Los Angeles audiences usually are. Dr. Jackson and Dr. Parlour are now both out of town members of our Seminars and subscribers to the Bulletin.

The Seminars The San Francisco Social Psychiatry Seminars function as an educational institute for people in the broad field of social psychiatry: psychiatrists, psychologists, psychiatric nurses and social workers, correctional officers, social scientists, and educators. The teaching is primarily oriented toward group therapy and group work based on transactional analysis. Research in social dynamics is carried on as funds become available. Since there is no endowment, the Seminars, now in their fifth year, have been almost entirely supported from tuition. fees. Contributions are always welcome. 'The Seminars are open to those with a degree in medicine or the social sciences who are engaged in professional work in those fields or are registered for advanced study at a recognized university. In certain cases, wellrecommended undergraduates are eligible to attend. Qualified people aree always welcome to visit the permanent clinical' seminar (Course No. 202) which runs all year round, and . can become Active Members, if otherwise eligible, on completion of the Introductory Course or its equivalent. Active members who leave the San Francisco area or for other reasons cannot continue 'regular attendance are 'invited to become Members At Large. ($10. per 'retain their and voting privileges. year, or -$5attendance per year for students). They will receive, the Bulletin and Qualified individuals who. wish to receive the Bulletin and have the privilege of attending the Seminars whenever they are in San Francisco may become Associate Members ($5 per year). Subscriptions to the Bulletin are available to, institutions and libraries at $3 per year. The Seminars :meet .in mid-week at 1200 Washington-Street, San Francisco. Correspondence regarding attendance should be addressed to the Secretary, San Francisco Social Psychiatry Seminars, 529 - 28th Street, San Francisco 14. Those desiring .mail membership (At Large or Associate) may fill in the coupon below.