ANALYZE OF THE EMPLOYMENT OF LABOR FORCE IN RURAL AREAS OF THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA

URCAN Aurelia, Ph.D., associate professor USEM COLESNICOVA Tatiana, Ph.D., IEFS RM BUJOR Tatiana, associate professor State Agrarian University of Moldova Republic of Moldova
Abstract:
The labor force is an important economic resource, while work is a primary factor of production. The occupational form of a state is based under the influence of a multitude of factors. Besides the level and developments, prices, quality, quantity and diversity of goods offered, economists and politicians, are convinced that an economic system performance andstability must be applied both in terms of present state and prospects of employment conferred, in a context of scientific-technological and financial eonomicodynamic.

Keywords: Labor force, rural areas, the economically active population, inactive population, inactive youth able of working age, unemployed.

INTRODUCTION The labor force is an important economic resource, while work is a primary factor of production. Currently the major modality of human development is represented by the adaptation to the economic, socio-cultural and political created by man. The occupational system of a state is formed under the influence of a multitude of factors. Besides the level and evolution of the income, of the price, quality, quantity and diversity of goods offered, economists and politicians, convinced that an economic system performance and stability must be applied both in terms of present state and prospects of employment conferred, in a context of scientific-technological and financial economic-dynamic. [2] RESULTS AND DISCUSSION In the last 10 years, the number of rural population both increases and decreases recorded, and employed population-specific trends were similar economically active population (Figure 1). The population, livestock population and economically active and employed in rural areas are higher than urban areas, that their attention would be given employment situation in rural areas is required to be a major.

In 2009, in rural areas were employed about 636,100 people, or 53.7% of total employment in the country and about 95% of the economically active population in the villages. Over the last decade, characterized by increasing their population manifest inactive employment situation has deteriorated markedly in rural areas (Figure 1), supporting a reduction in the number of employed population by about one third (from 936,100 persons in 2000-636, 1 person in 2009). Figure 1. Effective of occupied population of Republic of Moldova, during the period of 2000-2009 years

Source: National Bureau of Statistics Degradation of the flock number of the employed population in rural areas (-32%) in the period of 2000-2009 years occurred in three stages: Significant reduction in rural employment in 2003 (-150 thousand or -16.2%), which actually represented half of the overall reduction of employment in rural areas from 2000 to 2009, and occurred amid an increase in employment in urban areas; Reduction of employment in 2006 (-6.5%), accompanied by reduced employment in cities; Reducing employment by 8.1% in 2009, this was caused by economic and financial crisis of 2008-2009. [3] Employment-population is in close interdependence with the demographic and socioeconomic, therefore, important to analyze the population in terms of employment such as various socio-economic characteristics (education, category of economic activity, employment status, type of property, etc.) Analysis of employment in rural areas we make and in order to identify differences in the employment of the two genders from Moldova. Although the number of women is a predominant the number of males to certain circumstances, especially social, has conditioned a little event modest growth in the labor market in the country. In 2009, the difference between the occupied genders by sex was not significant, 49.5% - women and men, being respectively 50.5% of total employed population of the republic. Thus, in 2009, was discovered in a rural area that the employment structure by gender is of 51.2% (men) and

48.8% (women). There was a tendency to increase the difference between the proportions of women and men busy for the past in the recent 3 years. A major decrease in the effective of employed population in rural areas is observed during the years 2000-2009, due to reduction of the active population. From about 479,500 women and 456,600 men in 2000, employment fell by 2009 to 310,200 women and 325,900 men (Figure 2). Thus, the dynamics of their population employed in rural areas it faithfully echoed that of the economically active population, reducing the volume of employment is more pronounced for women (about -35.3%) and moderate for men (about -28.6%).

Source: National Bureau of Statistics Significant structural changes in rural employment have occurred simultaneously and with reference to gender. Thus, an increased share of women employed in the period 20002005, from 51.2% to 53.9% in the next three years followed a critical reduction - up to 48.7%, and, in 2007 women have been employed in numerical inferiority to men employed (Figure 3).

Figure 3. Structure of population occupied in rural area, on gender, in the perioad of 2000-2009 years

Source: National Bureau of Statistics Controversial dynamics of rural employment structure by gender, the difference between employment rates by 2.4 percentage points in favor of female gender (2000) with a maximum difference of almost 8 percentage points (2005) to a difference of 2.5 percentage points (2009 ), already in favor of men employed is determined by the inactivity of women compared to

men. Filling the gap between the two sexes are widening gradually in favor of men, illustrating the difficulty faced by women in the labor market in rural areas. This difficulty can be explained by the delayed entry of women into the labor market caused by longer studies, and legal period of maternity and child care, which are increasingly exploited to the full by women. Another issue is breaking the women's earlier relationships with the labor market (immediately after retirement age) caused by tougher labor conditions in rural areas (large volume of heavy physical work and exhausting than wages). Analysis of employment in rural areas by age reflects an alarming, especially for the youngest age group. Thus, during 2000-2009 years, the most substantial changes have incurred livestock population employed in extreme age groups (Figure 4). The number of employed youth (15-24 years) showed a reduction of about 50.9% (more than half). This situation can be explained by the tendency of a growing number of young people to remain in the education system longer. However, the period 2000-2009 was characterized by a strong reduction in the number of unemployed in age group 15-24 years (-48%). In this respect will be the case and to highlight the growing number of inactive people in these age groups, which reached significant levels. Figure 4. Dinamics (the rythm of modifications) of occupied population in the rural area, on age groups, in the period of years 2000-2009

Source: National Bureau of Statistics Another feature of the dynamics of their population employed in rural areas is to reduce significantly the number of persons aged 65 and over (-69.5%), which was determined mainly by the increase in economic inactivity massive retirement account. The only age group less affected by the decrease was 45-54 years group, in which the population decreased by 6.2% only. In general, the number of employed in the central age groups suffered smaller reductions over time. Therefore, in the last 10 years, produces a process of accumulation of population employed in the more advanced age and a reduction in

employment at younger ages. This causes "aging" population of the occupied villages. Employed women were characterized by an average of more advanced age than men. Herd dynamics of employment, broken down by age groups caused some structural changes to it (Figure 5). Figure 5. Structure of population occupied from the rural area, on age groups, (2000, 2009 years)

Source: National Bureau of Statistics Thus, the reduction of employment in the extreme age groups (15-24 years, respectively, 65 and over) made a reduction in their share in the total employed population in rural areas. The biggest reduction was supported in the share of employed population aged 15-24 years (4.1 percentage points), followed by population 65 years and over (-3.9 pp). The most stable events in terms of age structure in the period 2000-2009, it had the population between 25-34 years, at which livestock is filled with active balances, unemployment is negligible. Decreased employed population aged 35-44 years can be explained by increasing inactivity of these quotas, on account of their heavy involvement in international migration processes (including an illegal) labor. CONCLUSIONS 1. In the past, the major means of survival and development was an adaptation to their environment, and now, a show adaptation to the economic, socio-cultural and political man-made. 2. For each individual, the workplace is not just a set of tasks, responsibilities, but also a certain occupation, profession, qualification, career, income (salary, profit, etc.). 3. Employment situation in rural areas of Moldova has degraded significantly during the years 2000-2009. The numerical breakdown of their population employed in rural areas (-32%) occurred in three stages:

 Significant reduction in rural employment in 2003 (-150 thousand or -16.2%), which actually represented half of the overall reduction of employment in rural areas from 2000 to 2009, and occurred amid an increase in employment in urban areas; Reduction of employment in 2006 (-6.5%), accompanied by reduced employment in cities; Reducing employment by 8.1% in 2009, this was caused by economic and financial crisis of 2008-2009. REFERENCES [1] Anuare ale Biroului Naional de Statistic (Yearbooks of the National Bureau of Statistics), Chiinu 2000-2009; [2] Corneliu Dan Hncu, Dezvoltarea rural Bucureti, (Rural Development), 2004 pag.156-157; [3] Studiul situaional al forei de munc n mediul rural, inclusiv prin prisma de gen, Institutul de dezvoltare Urban (Situational study of employment in rural areas, including through the Gender, Urban Development Institute), Chiinu 2010, pag. 38-46