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The project has been made possible through the direct and in direct cooperation of various persons, for whom we wish to express our appreciation and gratitude, but a complete acknowledgment would be encyclopaedic. First and foremost we express profound gratitude to our project to our project guide prof. sharif memon for assigning us an interesting and challenging project. It is only because of his invaluable guidance and encouragement; we have dared to venture this task. If at all we succeded, we owe it to his and we are left with a deep sense og gratitude for his. Under who is able to guidances had the perivilage to work and who guide us at every stage.
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Introduction Common Concept And Indicators Of Birth Rate Characteristic Of Indian Population World Population Population Growth Of India State Wise Distribution Causes Of Population Growth Effect Of Population Indias Position In Hdi Indias Position In Hpi Adult Literacy Rate Children Under Rate Below 5 Conclusion
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Introduction
The systematic study of population is known as Demography. A population is defined as a group of individuals of the same species living and interbreeding within a given area. Members of a population often rely on the same resources, are subject to similar environmental constraints, and depend on the availability of other members to persist over time. Demography involves studying how these factors affect the makeup of a given population and how they relate to any changes in that population
Demography is mainly 2 types formal demography & social demography. DESCRIPTIVE DEMOGRAPHY Descriptive demography is one of the main types of demographic studies. It is the type that involves highly defined parameters relating to economics, sociology and other population-related subjects. Descriptive demography studies use plain language to relate the affects of various factors on a population as a whole. A descriptive demography study may look into reasons for a baby boom in a certain region, or a spike or sharp decline in divorces in a certain group of people. Descriptive demography studies may investigate the affects of education on children of single mothers or education's relationship to health.
FORMAL DEMOGRAPHY Formal or mathematical demography is far more structured than descriptive demography and relies heavily on the results of mathematical formulas to study the population. Research using this type of math is often referred to as "demometry," according to the Innovate Us website. The ratios produced by the mathematical formulas are used to help explain the changes discovered within a particular populatio MICRO AND MACRO DEMOGRAPHY Micro and macro demography are not completely separate types of demography, but instead are subdivisions of formal demography. Historically, most forms of formal demography were types of macro demography used to study large groups through aggregate level analysis. But there has been a rise in micro level demography, which is empirical study of individuals within the group that is used to better understand the group itself. This is generally observational research that is then analyzed using formal demography methods. According to the University of California Berkeley Center on the Economics and
CENSUS Census is an important source of demographic data. The Population Census provides the fullest and most reliable picture of the country's population and its characteristics at the "Census Day " (a particular point in time to which the census relates). In the census, data is collected at a specified time from the entire population; in contrast to other surveys, in which information is collected from only a small part of the residents, and from that conclusions are reached regarding the general population. Population Census is unique in that it provides the possibility of examining small and special population groups, and acquiring information on small geographic units (localities, neighbourhoods). The census is conducted in Israel every decade. To date, the census was carried out six times, in 1948, 1961, 1972, 1983, 1995 and 2008. The census is one of the most important sources of information that provides a basis for the official statistics of the country.
Number of deaths in a given area during a given time per thousand population.
Infant mortality rate: The death rate during the first year of life. The number of deaths of infants under one year old in a given year per 1,000 live births in the same year; included is the total death rate, and deaths by sex, male and female. This rate is often used as an indicator of the level of health in a country death rates of babies less
than 1 year.
Population growth is the change in a population over time, and can be quantified as the change in the number of individuals of any species in a population using "per unit time" for measurement. In demographics and ecology, population growth rate (PGR) is the rate at which the number of individuals in a population increases in a given time period as a fraction of the initial population. Specifically, PGR ordinarily refers to the change in population over a unit time period, often expressed as a percentage of the number of individuals in the population at the beginning of that period. This can be written as the formula.
Birth rate :
Fertility rate: the ratio of live births in an area to the population of that area; expressed per 1000 population per year, Number of live births per 1000 woman in the age group of 15- 49 years.
The world population is the total number of living humans on Earth. As of today, it is estimated to number 7.112 billion by the United States Census Bureau (USCB).[1] The USCB estimates that the world population exceeded 7 billion on March 12, 2012.[2] According to a separate estimate by the United Nations Population Fund, it reached this milestone on October 31, 2011 India is the second largest populated country of the world. Every year, India adds more people than any other nation in the world, and in fact the individual population of some of its states is equal to the total population of many countrie For example, Population of Uttar Pradesh (state in India) almost equals to the population of Brazil. Current Population of India in 2013 1,270,272,105 (1.27 billion) Total Male Population in India 655,875,026 (655.8 million) Total Female Population in India 614,397,079 (614.4 million) Sex Ratio 940 females per 1,000 males Age structure 0 to 25 years 50% of India's current population Currently, there are about 51 births in India in a minute. India's Population in 2012 1.22 billion Indias population in2011 1.21 billion
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Uttar Pradesh: 199,581,520 Maharashtra: 112,372,972 Bihar: 103,804,637 West Bengal: 91,347,736 Andhra Pradesh: 84,665,533 Madhya Pradesh: 72,597,565 Tamil Nadu: 72,138,958 Rajasthan: 68,621,012 Karnataka: 61,130,704 Gujarat: 60,383,628 Odisha: 41,947,358 Kerala: 33,387,677 Jharkhand: 32,966,238 Assam: 31,169,272 Punjab: 27,704,236 Chhattisgarh: 25,540,196 Haryana: 25,353,081 Jammu and Kashmir: 12,548,926 Uttarakhand: 10,116,752 Himachal Pradesh: 6,856,509 Tripura: 3,671,032 Meghalaya: 2,964,007 Manipur: 2,721,756 Nagaland: 1,980,602 Goa: 1,457,723 Arunachal Pradesh: 1,382,611 Mizoram: 1,091,014 Sikkim: 607,688 Delhi: 16,753,235 Puducherry: 1,244,464 Chandigarh: 1,054,686
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Highest Population growth recorded: Bihar (25.4%) Living in Rural areas: 83 Crores 35 Lakhs persons (as 2011 sensuous) Highest proportion of urban population: NCT Delhi (97.5 per cent) Top Five states urban populations: Goa, Mizoram, Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Maharashtra Literacy rate increased: 8 Percent (now 73% previous 64.8%) Male Literacy rate stands: 80.9 percent Women Literacy rate stands: 64.6 per cent Top Five literacy high State and UTS: Kerala, Lakshadweep. Mizoram, Goa and Tripura Top bottom literacy high State and UTS: Bihar, Aruncahl Pradesh, Rajasthan, Jharkhand, Andhra Pradesh
Density: 382 per sq km Bihar State People living density: 1106 Urban proportion increased percent: 31.2 (17.3 percent in 1951)
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REMEDIAL MEASURES TO CHECK THE POPULATION: The marriage age has increased for boys and girls by law. Early marriage system has abolished. There is encouragement for family planning programmes and use of contraceptives. Birth rate has checked by different methods. There is spread of education emphasis for one or two children, improvement of the status of women, population awareness programmes and adequate supply of oral contraceptives and encouragement for sterilization operation has helped in the reduction of population growth.
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Problem of utilisation of manpower: Better educated manpower aspires for occupations of greater prestige, which are opened up by the new development efforts. Because of its capital intensive nature, the ability, of the new economy for employment generation becomes restricted. Simultaneously, it renders many of the old occupations out of day and redundant. As a result, under-employment and unemployment, including unemployment of educated persons, increases. There is thus wastage of even developed human capital.
Over-strained infrastructure: Facilities such as housing, transportation, health care, and education become inadequate. The worst symptoms of congestion in every aspect of living conditions are manifested in the urban areas. In countries such as India, a situation of "over urbanisation" prevails which puts unbearable strain on urban amenities. Overcrowded houses, slums and unsanitary localities, traffic congestion and crowded hospitals have become common features in the developing countries.
Pressure on land and other renewable natural resources: Common properties such as forest and water are over-exploited. This results in deforestation and desertification with permanent damage to the renewable resources.
Increased cost of production : Human ingenuity and technological advancement makes it possible to increase production of goods and services. But, it must be kept in mind that, the cost of production of the basic necessities of life, such as food, increases when the population is growing fast and worse lands are brought into cultivation with costly irrigation etc.
Inequitable distribution of income: Both at the international and national levels income disparities increase. The increase in gross national product (GNP) is greatly reduced in per capita terms on account of the rapidly growing population. In the face
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The Human Development Index (HDI) is a comparative measure of life expectancy, literacy, education, standards of living, and quality of life for countries worldwide. It is a standard means of measuring well-being, especially child welfare. It is used to distinguish whether the country is a developed, a developing or an underdeveloped country, and also to measure the impact of economic policies on quality of life. In another sign that India has much catching up to do, the Human Development Report 2013 released by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), ranked the country at a low 136 among 186 countries on its human development index (HDI) a composite measure of life expectancy, access to education and income levels. HDI index shows that India ranks 136th position among 186 countries.
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