2009 2nd International Conference on Power Electronics and Intelligent Transportation System

Analysis on Fault Voltage and Secondary Arc Current

of Single Phase Refusing-Shut of the 500kV Extra
High Voltage Transmission Line
Yang Huping' , Wu Dongwerr', Gu Yin
l
, Bi Zhipeng
l
(1 School a/Information Engineer, Nan-chang University, NanChang, Jiangxi, China 330031)
(2 JiangXi Electric Power co. Extra High Voltage Branch, NanChang, Jiangxi,China 330006)
Abstract-It is common knowledge that 500kV extra high
voltage and long distant transmission line join a shunt reactor
and a neutral grounding via small reactor; This paper analysis
systematically an possible condition of the frequency-regulating
resonance over-voltage on single phase cut fault to refusing-shut
of the 500kV exra high voltage transmission line which join a
shunt reactor, the system compose an complex series resonance
circuits, and present a rational mode of reactive compensation.
This paper also build rational mathematic mode on systemic
parameter of 500kV ci-yong transmission line, and resolute
detailedly its power frequency component , low frequency
component and its DC component of single phase cut fault
voltage and secondary arc current by the mean of Laplacian
transformation ruling formula. All the this is to offer an farther
analysis on switching over-voltage and secondary arc current
interrupter of long distant transmission line. In the end, this
system also implemented using MATLAB software, compute the
transient process on single phase cut fault voltage and secondary
arc current.
Key words - shunt reactor, frequency-regulating
resonance over-voltage, reactive compensation; secondary
arc current, series resonance circuits, single phase cut
fault
I. INTRODUCTION
500kV EHV transmission line usually has access shunt
reactor, shunt reactors to compensate for line capacitance of
the role, especially because of restrictions on open-circuit or
light load voltage caused by increased load. When the
operating line asymmetric operation, such as single-phase
circuit breaker broken cause refusing to move, then breaking
relative capacitance and capacitance of the reclosing phase and
to-ground reactance of breaking phase may be composed of
series resonant circuit, may lead to resonance over-voltage. To
limit the resonance, common method is reactor small reactor to
ground in neutral point, the effect is producing the equivalent
interaction induction reactance extension wire interaction
electric capacity, thereby undermining the conditions of their
resonance. No-load line reclosing is a common operation.
When single-phase circuit breaker refused to move because of
various reasons, the open phase may cause resonance over-
voltage. Although the operation of single-phase circuit breaker
refuse to move is an abnormal state, when the ultra-high
pressure systems with single-phase automatic reclosing device,
single-phase to ground, there may be breaking the single-phase
978-1-4244-4543-1/09/$25.00 2009 IEEE
9
state, it is normal operation mode. Make single-phase opening,
although the breaking phase lose power, but because of the
other two-phase is still running, through the lines of non-fault
phase and fault phase with the capacitive coupling between the
electromagnetic coupling, in the fault phase is still a
considerable number of current flow, at this time the current
known as the arc current..
This paper detailed analysis the size of fault generated
voltage and arc current which caused by magnetic South
Reclosing 500kV line with shunt reactors lines switching
happened single-phase line refusing to move. Proved the
transient electrical fault in the process of the amount of
frequency components, free weight and DC component of the
derivation in detail, and proved the use of reactive power
compensation coefficient is reasonable. To further study the
single-phase circuit automatic reclosing success factors and
electrical equipment insulation coordination provides a solid
theoretical basis.
II. THE STRUCTURE AND WORKI NG PRINCIPLE OF SINGLE-
PHASE LINE FAULT SYSTEM
Assume that the end ofline shunt reactor to ground directly
without small reactor, then switch on no-load line of ingle-
phase system after refusing to move, the three-phase
equivalent circuit show in Figure 1. Due to the parallel slip
potential CO and XO the reclosing phase (B-phase, C-phase)
are being fixed, may cause resonance line components for the
fault phase (A phase) capacitance to ground CO, to non-fault
phase of interphase C12 to ground capacitance and the electric
reactor zero-sequence inductance XLO, its equivalent circuit
can be further simplified to Figure 2(a).
Figure 1. Three phase system equivalent circuit diagram
In this figure:
CO- -Line-to-ground capacitance
C12- -Phase capacitance
XL,XLO- -Shunt Reactor inductance positive sequence,
zero sequence inductance
Xn- -Neutral point reactor inductance
PEITS 2009
rs, XS- -Line resistance, inductance
Taking into account the positive sequence inductance XL
of the three-phase reactor greater than zero sequence
inductance XLO, Equivalent circuits are required to add a
calculated equivalent inductance XI2,XL Size should satisfy
the wiring method into a star with zero-sequence parallel value
equal inductance XLO Reactor positive sequence inductance
XL, that is:
I I 3
-=-+-
XL X
w
X
12
to:
CO)/3,By Type (2) the availability of single-phase resonant
breaking when conditions are as follows:
8
Q
L
=-Q
c
'" 0.9Q
c
9
Wish to restrict the occurrence of resonance, it would take
the destruction of their resonant conditions, the methods are
easy to take compensation for man-made device so that
alternate routes were open state parameters, even breaking
with zero voltage. Know from Figure 1 to prevent the
resonance condition is:
(I)
For three single-phase reactor consisting of three-phase
reactor, and its positive sequence inductance XL equal its zero-
sequence inductance XLO, the XI2- >oo, equivalent to open
circuit.
(4)
Its physical meaning is to enable the interphase capacitance
1
jmC
12
and capacitive reactance of the equivalent reactor
components inductance jX12 parallel resonance, circuit
impedance and white tends to infinity.
Figure 2. system equivalent calculation circuit diagram (a) equivalent
calculation circuit diagram (b) single phase equivalent circuit diagram
Figure 2 (a) in fpoint is Open-phase fault point, application
of the principle of equivalent generators, open the f point,

voltage of its fracture is 2 ,at three single-phase shunt reactor
circuit, near infinite large XI2 can be omitted, single-phase
equivalent circuit in Figure 2 (b).
It is clear, breaking phase voltage U A is:
I
(5)
1
X L 0 = ----,\-----
--- 3mC
X L 12
500KV CI - YONG TRANSMISSION LINE PARAMETERS TABLE!.
To meet formula (5), Must have the condition XLO>XL, it
is impossible for three-phase or three single-phase reactor
group, Currently widely used methods are at the neutral point
reactor by the reactor small Xn to ground, At this point, the
reactor zero-sequence reactance should be (XLO +3 Xn), the
installation of small electric reactor Xn, the effect of which is
generated equivalent white wire and white inductance
compensation capacitor, and reactor are compensated positive
sequence line wire capacitance, so small reactor are secondary
compensation.
Here as 500kV EHV Transmission Line Magnetic Wing
line for an example, select the line parameters, proved the
small neutral reactor grounding electric wiring on the single-
phase line voltage fault.Yong-line magnetic circuit length is
201.42km, a full-line transposition. Wire models for the 4 x
LGJ-400/35, its circuit parameters are presented in Table I.
(2)
(b)
-i'.
I 2 C,.
x., C,
j wC + _ 1_
o j OJx
LO
1
j aJc
o
+_._I _ j 2wCl 2 2 2
j WX
LO
2
(a)
From this single-phase breaker when resonant conditions
are:
It can be seen above the resonance conditions and line-to-
ground capacitance CO, interphase capacitance C12, single-
phase reactor zero-sequence-to-ground inductance XLO and
zero-sequence inductance xsO relevant. Above the resonance
o U;
conditions can also be power reactor capacity - , x , and line
charging capacity Q
c
=u;wc\ express , Ue is system nominal
voltage,CI is line positive sequence capacitance. Because of
the zero-sequence line inductance xsO is small, so negligible,

choose the lme 3 ,White line capacitanceCI2=(CI-
Line Name .ength
Posit ive sequence Zero-s equence
parameters
parameters
km rl xl cl rO xO cO
Qlkm Qlkm J.l FIk Qlkm Qlkm J.lFIk
Magnetic 201.4 0.021 0.28 0.013 0.259 0.88
Lake
2 1 3 1
Yongxin
(6)
XL(X
LO
+3X
n
)
X
n
Lake-SIde installation of the magnetic variable capacity ofa
group of highly resistant 120MVar line, single-phase high
resistance capacity of 40MVar, the system rated voltage, then
we can see single-phase shunt reactor impedance XLO=2520Q,
the neutral point reactor converted electric resistance value of
Xn=600Q, the reactor zero-sequence impedance (XLO+3Xn)
into (I):
x' = 3XL(XI.O +3Xn )
12 [(X
LO
+3Xn> - XJ
(3)
1 +_ l_+j m x,o= O
j mC +_1_ j2mC\2 2
jmX
Lo
10
Because of Line equivalent circuit is Increase of the
equivalent reactance X;2 ,so at this time the fault phase voltage
of breaking phase U A is:
voltage Laplacian equivalent circuit diagram. Because of the
lines anti-electricity, circuit resistance is relatively smalI, in
order to facilitate the analysis, in-the-Ioop calculation be
ignored.
j mC +_ 1_
V A= EA ' jXLO (7)
_--'------,-_+ I + jX
sO

jmC, +_1_ j 2mC
l 2
2 2
jX'j) jX12
Table 1 Data and Xn=600 Qare Separated into the type (2)
and type (6) (7),The yong-line A-phase fault phase voltage can
be calculated is:
Figure 3. Fault switching-off phase's voltage Laplacian equivalent diagram
. .
V A= - 0.286E
A
= 82.56kV
. .
V A=-0.172.< = 49.7kV
In the fromer, the fault port voltage has analysised -EA/2,
so we can set up the equivalent power for u2" sl n rc r + 0 ) ,
therefore the fault port voltage for the Laplace transform is
Vj (s) ,So:
One of:
(8)
(9)
1 ())Cose+ssine V
2 sl +
tt
l 1/
U .
v/S) = S'[- -"- sm({))t +e)] =
2
Into the table 1 data was:
To type inverse transform was:
U/ <t ) = sinrot +k
2
sinro,t
{)) z =262.6
u/
t t l
= [-O.172sin314t +O.052sin262.6t]U
n
/ 1 2 + 211)

k, =
Because of the impact of current DC, arc current arc
extinguished the general admission happened at the nearest
zero-axis current moment, when the checke= o Into (8) (9)
style.
Solution was:
Ignore the relatively smalI line resistance, available the
folIowing equation:
III. SINGLE-PHASE LINE FAULT TRANSIENT PROCESS
ANALYSIS
Of course, alI previously obtained steady-state power
frequency voltage, the actual for the complex equivalent circuit,
when the operation or failure to change their job status, it will
have the transition process. During the transition process,
because of the power to continue to supply energy, which is
stored in the inductor or capacitor in the magnetic energy of
the electrostatic field energy is released, or conversion, and its
equivalent equivalent inductance L, capacitance C composition
of the complex electrical circuit, resulting in an impact
component in larger freedom. Only when the circuit frequency
and from outside the processing of frequency equal to or close
to each other, may have a linear resonator. For the neutral
through smalI electric circuits to grounding reactor such as
single-phase reclosing disconnect happened failure, because of
shunt reactor current should not mutation, arc current will
produce a larger amplitude, decay time longer DC component.
Analysis of circuit breaker switch on the folIowing no-load
line of single-phase refusing to move the port voltage transient
process. Established the original line for the no-load circuit, so
the initial state for the fault relative to interphase capacitance
and the basic energy storage capacitor to zero, of course,
electric reactor storage energy also zero, fulIy available on the
conditions shown in Figure 3 fault switching-off phases
This shows that the increase in neutral grounding reactor
can be very effective in reducing single-phase line of the phase
voltage, and can effectively avoid the fracture occurrence of
resonance over-voltage.
For this reactive power compensation coefficient, can be
incorporated into the same data in table I to calculate the
charge capacity of this line, and thus the reactive power
compensation degrees of this line high resistance can achieve
I) =Q,. =0.475
is Qc Because of the compensation of lines paralIel
high resistance to the general requirements is 0.6 0.9, so
there is a need to increase the line capacity of reactive power
compensation, therefore paralIel a group of capacity of the bus
120MYar reactor on Yongxiu SOOkYI side bus in order to
improve the transmission line reactive power compensation
degrees.
11
So the same can be:
I ( ) = _[23.8 + 7.78s + 0.38s ]A
g f s S 2 +W
2
S 2 +w;
So:
I , (f ) =- [23.8 + 7.78cos314t + 0.38cos262.6t]A
So no-load circuit breaker reclosing happened single-phase
refusing to move the fault voltage and arc current all contain
the same frequency component and free weight. Frequency
component is also a mandatory component, will continue to
supply line fault with energy; freely component, and its
oscillation frequency is self-loop frequency, size of 41.8Hz.
Using MATLAB software to calculate the fault systems,
setting fault happened at t = O.2s moment, can get no-load
energy lines are not single-phase disconnection happened fault
voltage and arc current transient waveform, see Figure 4. Of
course fault voltage and the free components of current after a
few cycles have been attenuated to a very small, the decay time
of DC component is longer. Because of the system complexity
of calculate, fault map does not take into account component
and DC component Freedom attenuation, the fault transient
wave reference only.
Figure 4. Single phase no load transmission line refusing-closing faulting
voltage and Secondary Arc Current waveform
IV. CONCLUSION
Shunt Reactor's role is the inductance which can use to
compensate between line and line-to-ground capacitance,
reducing the flow through line capacitance current, capacitance
effect weakened, If the reactive power compensation
coefficient larger, equivalent capacitive reactance and
inductance may be form a series resonant circuit. In this paper
a single-phase disconnection happen resonant Reactive power
compensation factor is 0.9, so the general EHV transmission
line reactive power compensation factor should be between 0.6
- 0.9. Adopt neutral point reactor small inductance to
compensation phase capacitance between lines, can effectively
suppress the vibration frequency of occurrence, significantly
reduces the fault voltage and arc current frequency amplitude.
For shunt reactor with the no-load lines, its reclosing
process happen single-phase line fault caused by single-phase
refusing to move, and its equivalent circuit the job status to
change is very complex. Because the inductance and
12
equivalent capacitance storage energy components exist, which
will impose a larger quantity of freedom frequency on
transition voltage and current in the circuit, the attenuation of
freedom component is often required several cycles of time.
Only when the circuit frequency and from outside the
processing of frequency equal to or close to each other, may
have a linear resonator. For the neutral through small electric
circuits to grounding reactor, single-phase disconnected fault
line arc current, because of shunt reactor current should not
mutation, arc current will produce a larger amplitude, decay
time longer DC component.
In this paper, the process is also ignored line inductance
parameters and the impact of mutual inductance, However,
because these parameters compared with the shunt reactor
impedance value, small value, the impact of the calculation
results is not great, but for a very long lines, the impact can be
significant, this analysis at a later introduction to the study.
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