A 45-year-old alcoholic presents with confusion, ophthalmoplegia, and ataxia. Th is triad is the hallmark of what disorder?

@Wernicke's encephalopathy, an acute d isorder@Psychiatry Pathology Alcoholism@<img src="2013-472-1.jpg"> A deficiency of what substance may result in Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome?@Thiami ne (vitamin B₁); commonly seen in alcoholics who derive most of their caloric intake from alcohol@Psychiatry Pathology Alcoholism@<img src="2013-4721.jpg"> A man vomits excessively and violently after binge drinking. His emesis is initi ally bilious but becomes bloody. What is the diagnosis?@Mallory-Weiss syndrome, caused by prolonged vomiting/retching that leads to lacerations of the esophagus @Psychiatry Pathology Alcoholism@<img src="2013-472-1.jpg"> How do presentations of esophageal varices differ from Mallory-Weiss tears?@Vari ces are painless whereas Mallory-Weiss tears are painful@Psychiatry Pathology Al coholism@<img src="2013-472-1.jpg"> If Wernicke's encephalopathy is not treated, it may progress to what irreversibl e symptoms?@Irreversible memory loss, confabulation, and personality change, kno wn as Korsakoff's psychosis@Psychiatry Pathology Alcoholism@<img src="2013-472-1 .jpg"> What common etiology may these conditions share: cirrhosis, pancreatitis, hepati tis, peripheral neuropathy, testicular atrophy?@They are all potential complicat ions of alcoholism@Psychiatry Pathology Alcoholism@<img src="2013-472-1.jpg"> What drug conditions a patient not to use alcohol?@Disulfiram@Psychiatry Patholo gy Alcoholism@<img src="2013-472-1.jpg"> What is the definition of alcoholism?@Physiologic tolerance and dependence with symptoms of withdrawal (tremor, tachycardia, hypertension, malaise, nausea, DTs) when abstinent@Psychiatry Pathology Alcoholism@<img src="2013-472-1.jpg"> What is the treatment for Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome?@Intravenous thiamine (vit amin B₁); it should be given before any dextrose-containing fluids@Ps ychiatry Pathology Alcoholism@<img src="2013-472-1.jpg"> What neurologic pathology is associated with Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome?@Bilate ral necrosis of the mammillary bodies, periventricular hemorrhage@Psychiatry Pat hology Alcoholism@<img src="2013-472-1.jpg"> A 44-year-old alcoholic comes to the ER with anterograde amnesia and confabulati ons. What is the diagnosis?@Korsakoff amnesia (from thiamine deficiency and mamm illary body destruction secondary to alcohol use)@Psychiatry Pathology Amnesias@ <img src="2013-461-4.jpg"> Is Korsakoff amnesia anterograde or retrograde?@Largely anterograde, but with so me retrograde memory loss @Psychiatry Pathology Amnesias@<img src="2013-461-4.jp g"> Thiamine deficiency can lead to damage of what brain structures?@Mammillary bodi es, bilaterally@Psychiatry Pathology Amnesias@<img src="2013-461-4.jpg"> What is anterograde amnesia?@The inability to recall anything that occurred afte r a central nervous system insult@Psychiatry Pathology Amnesias@<img src="2013-4 61-4.jpg"> What is retrograde amnesia?@The inability to recall anything that occurred befor e a central nervous system insult@Psychiatry Pathology Amnesias@<img src="2013-4 61-4.jpg"> What type of amnesia is the inability to recall important personal information a fter a severe trauma or stress?@Dissociative amnesia@Psychiatry Pathology Amnesi as@<img src="2013-461-4.jpg"> How do you describe anxiety disorder?@Inappropriate fear and its physical manife stations considered out of proportion to the source and that impair daily functi oning@Psychiatry Pathology Anxiety_disorder@<img src="2013-466-3.jpg"> What category covers obsessive-compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disord er, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, phobias?@Anxiety disorder@Psyc hiatry Pathology Anxiety_disorder@<img src="2013-466-3.jpg"> What is the lifetime prevalence of anxiety disorders? Are they more common in wo men or men?@Women: 30%; men: 19%@Psychiatry Pathology Anxiety_disorder@<img src= "2013-466-3.jpg"> What is the most common subtype of depression, and what drugs are used to treat

it?@Atypical depression; monoamine oxidase inhibitors, selective serotonin reupt ake inhibitors@Psychiatry Pathology Atypical_depression@<img src="2013-465-2.jpg "> What symptoms differentiate atypical depression from classical depression?@Hyper somnia, overeating/weight gain, leaden paralysis, ability to react positively to positive events, hypersensitivity to rejection@Psychiatry Pathology Atypical_de pression@<img src="2013-465-2.jpg"> A patient is mildly dysthymic and has hypomanic episodes that have been occurrin g for three years. What is this called?@Cyclothymic disorder (milder version of bipolar disorder, lasting at least two years)@Psychiatry Pathology Bipolar_disor der@<img src="2013-464-5.jpg"> A patient with bipolar disorder presents with increased manic symptoms after sta rting on a new drug. What medication was likely started?@An antidepressant, whic h can cause increased mania in bipolar patients@Psychiatry Pathology Bipolar_dis order@<img src="2013-464-5.jpg"> Can a patient with a history of manic episodes but no history of depressive epis odes be diagnosed with bipolar disorder?@Yes; history of a single manic episode is inevitably followed by a depressive episode at some point@Psychiatry Patholog y Bipolar_disorder@<img src="2013-464-5.jpg"> How does bipolar I differ from bipolar II disorder?@Bipolar I is characterized b y manic episodes; bipolar II is characterized by hypomanic episodes@Psychiatry P athology Bipolar_disorder@<img src="2013-464-5.jpg"> In people with bipolar disorder, what is the mood like between manic and hypoman ic episodes?@Mood generally returns to normal, but diagnosis is made with one ma nic episode; risk of suicide remains@Psychiatry Pathology Bipolar_disorder@<img src="2013-464-5.jpg"> What four drugs are most commonly used to treat bipolar disorder?@Mood stabilize rs (lithium, valproic acid, carbamazepine) and atypical antipsychotics@Psychiatr y Pathology Bipolar_disorder@<img src="2013-464-5.jpg"> A five-month-old girl presents with bruises and retinal hemorrhage. X-rays show healed radial and femoral fractures. What do you suspect?@Physical abuse@Psychia try Pathology Child_abuse@<img src="2013-460-1.jpg"> A five-year-old girl with two weeks of vaginal discharge tests positive for gono rrhea. What should you suspect?@Always suspect sexual abuse in pediatric cases o f STIs; urinary tract infections; and genital, anal, or oral trauma@Psychiatry P athology Child_abuse@<img src="2013-460-1.jpg"> Approximately how many deaths per year result from the physical abuse of childre n in the United States?@Approximately 3,000, 80% of which are among children you nger than three years of age@Psychiatry Pathology Child_abuse@<img src="2013-460 -1.jpg"> In cases of physical abuse in children, the abuser is most frequently ____ (male /female) and a ____ (caregiver/stranger).@Male; caregiver@Psychiatry Pathology C hild_abuse@<img src="2013-460-1.jpg"> The peak incidence of sexual abuse in children occurs in what age range?@9-12 ye ars of age@Psychiatry Pathology Child_abuse@<img src="2013-460-1.jpg"> Who is the usual perpetrator of sexual abuse of a child?@Typically a male figure known to the child@Psychiatry Pathology Child_abuse@<img src="2013-460-1.jpg"> A 10-year-old boy has multiple tics and involuntary profane outbursts. What does he likely have and what might he later develop?@Tourette's syndrome, associated with obsessive-compulsive disorder@Psychiatry Pathology Childhood_and_early-ons et_disorders@<img src="2013-460-3.jpg"> A 12-year-old boy consistently disobeys and curses at his teachers but is not vi olent and has not committed crimes. What is the diagnosis?@Oppositional defiant disorder@Psychiatry Pathology Childhood_and_early-onset_disorders@<img src="2013 -460-3.jpg"> A psychiatrist sees a 14-year-old boy who repeatedly vandalizes public property and beats up classmates. What is the likely diagnosis?@Conduct disorder@Psychiat ry Pathology Childhood_and_early-onset_disorders@<img src="2013-460-3.jpg"> A six-year-old boy with a short attention span and poor impulse control presents to a child psychiatrist. Likely diagnosis?@Attention-deficit/hyperactivity diso

rder @Psychiatry Pathology Childhood_and_early-onset_disorders@<img src="2013-46 0-3.jpg"> Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is characterized by what three traits?@ Hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattention in multiple settings@Psychiatry Path ology Childhood_and_early-onset_disorders@<img src="2013-460-3.jpg"> Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder usually presents before ____ years of a ge; these kids have ____ (normal/abnormal) intelligence. @Before seven years of age; normal intelligence@Psychiatry Pathology Childhood_and_early-onset_disorder s@<img src="2013-460-3.jpg"> A young girl complains of a headache to avoid going to school because she is sca red to leave her mother. What is her diagnosis?@Separation anxiety disorder@Psyc hiatry Pathology Childhood_and_early-onset_disorders@<img src="2013-460-3.jpg"> Before 18 years of age, patients with pervasive behaviors violating social norms are diagnosed with ____; after 18, it is called ____.@Conduct disorder; antisoc ial personality disorder@Psychiatry Pathology Childhood_and_early-onset_disorder s@<img src="2013-460-3.jpg"> How long do symptoms need to be present to qualify a patient for the diagnosis o f Tourette's syndrome?@More than one year@Psychiatry Pathology Childhood_and_ear ly-onset_disorders@<img src="2013-460-3.jpg"> Neuroimaging of a child who cannot pay attention at school, acts impulsively, an d paces around aimlessly might show what?@Decreased frontal lobe volume, sometim es associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder@Psychiatry Pathology Childhood_and_early-onset_disorders@<img src="2013-460-3.jpg"> Tourette's syndrome generally presents before age ____, and has a lifetime preva lence of ____%.@18 years; 0.1%-1.0%@Psychiatry Pathology Childhood_and_early-ons et_disorders@<img src="2013-460-3.jpg"> What are treatments for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder?@Pharmaceutical : methylphenidate, amphetamines, and atomoxetine; behavioral: reinforcement and reward@Psychiatry Pathology Childhood_and_early-onset_disorders@<img src="2013-4 60-3.jpg"> What differentiates conduct disorder from oppositional defiant disorder?@Conduct disorder: behavior harms people or damages property; oppositional defiant disor der: hostile, defiant behavior but no delinquency@Psychiatry Pathology Childhood _and_early-onset_disorders@<img src="2013-460-3.jpg"> What is the common age of onset for the disorder characterized by overwhelming f ear of separation from parents?@Separation anxiety disorder most commonly develo ps at ages seven to nine years@Psychiatry Pathology Childhood_and_early-onset_di sorders@<img src="2013-460-3.jpg"> What is the long-term prognosis for patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivit y disorder (ADHD)?@50% of patients will continue to have ADHD into adulthood@Psy chiatry Pathology Childhood_and_early-onset_disorders@<img src="2013-460-3.jpg"> What is the treatment for a seven-year-old boy who complains of a headache each morning, then cries hysterically when he is sent to school?@Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and relaxation techniques or behavioral interventions; this is separation anxiety disorder@Psychiatry Pathology Childhood_and_early-onset_di sorders@<img src="2013-460-3.jpg"> What is the treatment for Tourette's syndrome?@Antipsychotics and behavioral the rapy@Psychiatry Pathology Childhood_and_early-onset_disorders@<img src="2013-460 -3.jpg"> You suspect a 13-year-old boy has Tourette's syndrome, but he does not have copr olalia. Could he still have Tourette's?@Yes; only 10%-20% of patients with Toure tte's syndrome exhibit coprolalia@Psychiatry Pathology Childhood_and_early-onset _disorders@<img src="2013-460-3.jpg"> To whom do you report child abuse? Does child neglect need to be reported?@Local child protective services; yes, both must be reported @Psychiatry Pathology Chi ld_neglect@<img src="2013-460-2.jpg"> What is the definition of child neglect?@Failure to provide adequate food, shelt er, supervision, education, and/or affection@Psychiatry Pathology Child_neglect@ <img src="2013-460-2.jpg">

What signs and symptoms can indicate child neglect?@Withdrawal, malnutrition, po or hygiene, failure to thrive, impaired social or emotional development@Psychiat ry Pathology Child_neglect@<img src="2013-460-2.jpg"> A 28-year-old woman accuses her mother of stealing her money and spying on her w hen she is at work. What personality disorder is this?@Paranoid personality diso rder (cluster A), characterized by distrust, suspiciousness@Psychiatry Pathology Cluster_A_personality_disorders@<img src="2013-468-2.jpg"> A 45-year-old dresses oddly and sleeps outside to "absorb the full gravitational pull of the moon." What personality disorder is this?@Schizotypal personality d isorder (cluster A)@Psychiatry Pathology Cluster_A_personality_disorders@<img sr c="2013-468-2.jpg"> A mother says her son is acting weird. He has no friends, which does not bother him, and he stays home all day reading. Likely diagnosis?@Schizoid personality d isorder (cluster A)@Psychiatry Pathology Cluster_A_personality_disorders@<img sr c="2013-468-2.jpg"> A person with which personality disorder is interpersonally awkward and often ha s odd beliefs or magical thinking?@Schizotypal personality disorder@Psychiatry P athology Cluster_A_personality_disorders@<img src="2013-468-2.jpg"> Cluster A personality disorders have a genetic association with which psychiatri c disorder?@Schizophrenia@Psychiatry Pathology Cluster_A_personality_disorders@< img src="2013-468-2.jpg"> Compare schizoid and avoidant personality disorders.@Schizoid: patients do not d esire social contact; avoidant: patients desire social contact but have difficul ty achieving it@Psychiatry Pathology Cluster_A_personality_disorders@<img src="2 013-468-2.jpg"> Name the three cluster A personality disorders and their common characteristics. @Paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal; "weird," odd, eccentric, poor social rela tionships, no psychosis (<b>A</b>ccusatory, <b>A</b>wkward, <b>A</b>loof)@Psychi atry Pathology Cluster_A_personality_disorders@<img src="2013-468-2.jpg"> What is the main ego defense mechanism used by persons with paranoid personality disorder?@Projection; accusing others of things the patient is actually guilty of@Psychiatry Pathology Cluster_A_personality_disorders@<img src="2013-468-2.jpg "> A 16-year-old male has multiple arrests for assault, robbery, and arson. Should you consider antisocial personality disorder as a diagnosis?@No; antisocial pers onality disorder can be diagnosed only in adults older than 18 years of age; if younger than 18, it is conduct disorder@Psychiatry Pathology Cluster_B_personali ty_disorders@<img src="2013-468-3.jpg"> A 20-year-old has many arrests for assault/robbery/arson. He threatens you durin g the exam. Is his disorder more common in men or women?@Antisocial personality disorder (cluster B) is more common in men@Psychiatry Pathology Cluster_B_person ality_disorders@<img src="2013-468-3.jpg"> A 30-year-old man at a job interview says they would be foolish not to hire him. He is "genius." What personality disorder might he have?@Narcissistic personali ty disorder@Psychiatry Pathology Cluster_B_personality_disorders@<img src="2013468-3.jpg"> A man at a hotel loudly demands the best room money can buy, since he is their " best customer." How does he likely act in relationships?@He has narcissistic per sonality disorder; he likely demands admiration, becomes enraged at criticism, a nd lacks empathy@Psychiatry Pathology Cluster_B_personality_disorders@<img src=" 2013-468-3.jpg"> A volatile woman has many sexual relationships. She cuts her forearms and feels empty. She thinks all doctors are quacks. Likely diagnosis?@Borderline personali ty disorder; more common in women; impulsiveness, self-mutilation, boredom, empt iness, unstable mood/relationships@Psychiatry Pathology Cluster_B_personality_di sorders@<img src="2013-468-3.jpg"> Generally speaking, what characteristics do the four cluster B personalities sha re? Name the disorders.@Wild, dramatic, emotional, or erratic behavior; antisoci al, borderline, histrionic, and narcissistic (<b>B</b>ad to the <b>B</b>one)@Psy chiatry Pathology Cluster_B_personality_disorders@<img src="2013-468-3.jpg">

Mood disorders and substance abuse are genetically associated with which cluster of personality disorders?@Cluster B@Psychiatry Pathology Cluster_B_personality_ disorders@<img src="2013-468-3.jpg"> Name the disorder: A woman in provocative clothes tries to seduce you then sobs loudly when you do not reciprocate.@Histrionic personality disorder (cluster B); preoccupied with appearance, very emotional, sexual, excitable@Psychiatry Patho logy Cluster_B_personality_disorders@<img src="2013-468-3.jpg"> What is a major defense mechanism in borderline personality disorder?@Splitting@ Psychiatry Pathology Cluster_B_personality_disorders@<img src="2013-468-3.jpg"> A 25-year-old says he doesn't fit in. He is afraid to talk because he feels he i sn't funny or interesting. What is the likely diagnosis?@Avoidant personality di sorder, cluster C (hypersensitive to rejection, feelings of inadequacy, but desi res relationships, unlike schizoid)@Psychiatry Pathology Cluster_C_personality_d isorders@<img src="2013-469-1.jpg"> A patient complains of a preoccupation with keeping her nails trimmed to 0.25 in ches. What personality disorder might she have?@Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (cluster C); not OCD, because her behaviors are ego-syntonic@Psychiatr y Pathology Cluster_C_personality_disorders@<img src="2013-469-1.jpg"> A patient presents with low self-confidence. She is submissive and constantly ne eds reassurance. What personality disorder might she have?@Dependent personality disorder (cluster C), which has a genetic relationship with anxiety disorders@P sychiatry Pathology Cluster_C_personality_disorders@<img src="2013-469-1.jpg"> Name the three cluster C personality disorders.@Avoidant, obsessive-compulsive, and dependent@Psychiatry Pathology Cluster_C_personality_disorders@<img src="201 3-469-1.jpg"> What cluster of personality disorders is characterized by abnormal anxiety or fe ar?@Cluster <b>C</b> ("worried": <b>C</b>owardly, <b>C</b>ompulsive, <b>C</b>lin gy)@Psychiatry Pathology Cluster_C_personality_disorders@<img src="2013-469-1.jp g"> What are the two broad categories of cognitive disorder?@Delirium and dementia@P sychiatry Pathology Cognitive_disorder@<img src="2013-462-1.jpg"> What is a cognitive disorder?@Decline in cognition (memory, attention, language, judgment) from prior level due to CNS problems, medical conditions, medication/ substances@Psychiatry Pathology Cognitive_disorder@<img src="2013-462-1.jpg"> After being aroused, a man who overdosed on amitriptyline is confused, mispercei ving things, and hallucinating. What is wrong with him?@He is likely experiencin g medication-induced delirium@Psychiatry Pathology Delirium@<img src="2013-462-2 .jpg"> Define delirium. Is it reversible?@An acute-onset waxing/waning level of conscio usness with decreased attention span/arousal; often reversible and due to illnes s/medications@Psychiatry Pathology Delirium@<img src="2013-462-2.jpg"> What is the most common cause of altered mental status and what medications typi cally induce it?@Delirium, often caused by drugs with anticholinergic effects@Ps ychiatry Pathology Delirium@<img src="2013-462-2.jpg"> What is the treatment for delirium?@Address underlying cause, oxygen and hydrati on to optimize brain condition, antipsychotics (<b>TADA</b>: <b>T</b>olerate, <b >A</b>nticipate, <b>D</b>on't <b>A</b>gitate)@Psychiatry Pathology Delirium@<img src="2013-462-2.jpg"> What test may be helpful in diagnosing delirium? @Electroencephalogram (EEG); de lirium is associated with abnormal EEG readings@Psychiatry Pathology Delirium@<i mg src="2013-462-2.jpg"> Describe the progression of symptoms in patients with DTs.@Tachycardia, tremors, anxiety, and seizures (the autonomic symptoms), followed by psychotic symptoms and confusion@Psychiatry Pathology Delirium_tremens_(DTs)@<img src="2013-472-2.j pg"> DTs are a potentially deadly alcohol withdrawal syndrome. When are DTs most conc erning? @Two to five days after the last drink@Psychiatry Pathology Delirium_tre mens_(DTs)@<img src="2013-472-2.jpg"> Two days after an alcoholic man was hospitalized for pancreatitis, he begins sei zing and hearing voices. What kind of drug should be used?@Benzodiazepines, to t

reat DTs in alcohol withdrawal@Psychiatry Pathology Delirium_tremens_(DTs)@<img src="2013-472-2.jpg"> A highly successful businessman believes his daughter is president, but she is n ot. What is the diagnosis if this lasts more than one month?@Delusional disorder (fixed, nonbizarre belief, no functional impairment)@Psychiatry Pathology Delus ional_disorder@<img src="2013-463-4.jpg"> A husband believes he was abducted by aliens and subjected to tests; his wife be lieves he was as well. What is the diagnosis?@Shared psychotic disorder, or foli e deux @Psychiatry Pathology Delusional_disorder@<img src="2013-463-4.jpg"> In delusional disorder, functioning ____ (is/is not) impaired. @Functioning is n ot impaired and the disorder is often self-limited@Psychiatry Pathology Delusion al_disorder@<img src="2013-463-4.jpg"> What is the treatment for shared psychotic disorder?@Separation of the affected patients@Psychiatry Pathology Delusional_disorder@<img src="2013-463-4.jpg"> A 75-year-old has amnesia, aphasia, apraxia, agnosia, personality change, and po or judgment for five months. What is the general diagnosis?@Dementia, characteri zed by memory loss and worsening cognition@Psychiatry Pathology Dementia@<img sr c="2013-462-3.jpg"> An 80-year-old male presents with sleep disturbances, anhedonia, and fatigue. Be sides dementia, what psychiatric diagnosis is likely?@Depression (pseudodementia ), which often presents like dementia in the elderly@Psychiatry Pathology Dement ia@<img src="2013-462-3.jpg"> Define dementia.@Gradual decline in cognitive function with no change in level o f consciousness@Psychiatry Pathology Dementia@<img src="2013-462-3.jpg"> Dementia is ____ (reversible/irreversible), whereas delirium is ____ (reversible /irreversible).@Irreversible; reversible@Psychiatry Pathology Dementia@<img src= "2013-462-3.jpg"> EEG recordings in individuals with dementia are ____ (normal/abnormal) and are _ ___ (normal/abnormal) in individuals with delirium. @Normal; abnormal@Psychiatry Pathology Dementia@<img src="2013-462-3.jpg"> Name seven possible etiologies of dementia.@Alzheimer's, vascular thrombosis, HI V, Pick's, chronic substance abuse, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, NPH; associated w ith age@Psychiatry Pathology Dementia@<img src="2013-462-3.jpg"> What primarily differentiates delirium from dementia?@De<b>men</b>tia is charact erized by <b>mem</b>ory loss, while deli<b>rium</b> is a problem with senso<b>ri um</b> (demented patients can become delirious)@Psychiatry Pathology Dementia@<i mg src="2013-462-3.jpg"> A man often feels estranged from his surroundings and from himself, almost as if he is merely an observer. What could this condition be?@Depersonalization disor der (estrangement/detachment from one's own body/place in life)@Psychiatry Patho logy Dissociative_disorders@<img src="2013-464-1.jpg"> A Syrian refugee relocates to Rhode Island to live, but is impaired by his inabi lity to recall personal details. What is the diagnosis? @Dissociative fugue (oft en associated with trauma and causing severe distress/impairment)@Psychiatry Pat hology Dissociative_disorders@<img src="2013-464-1.jpg"> A woman has two distinct identities with different names and personalities; hist ory reveals sexual abuse as a child. What is the diagnosis?@Dissociative identit y disorder@Psychiatry Pathology Dissociative_disorders@<img src="2013-464-1.jpg" > Before making the diagnosis of a dissociative fugue, what should you rule out?@S ubstance abuse or a medical condition@Psychiatry Pathology Dissociative_disorder s@<img src="2013-464-1.jpg"> Which of the following is associated with trauma: dissociative identity disorder , depersonalization disorder, dissociative fugue?@Dissociative identity disorder is associated with a history of sexual abuse; dissociative fugue is linked to t rauma (disaster, war, injury)@Psychiatry Pathology Dissociative_disorders@<img s rc="2013-464-1.jpg"> A 16-year-old girl with a BMI of 15 feels overweight. What psychiatric disorder do you screen for? Does DEXA scan have a role here?@Depression, which is often associated with anorexia nervosa; DEXA scans screen for osteoporosis, which can

be caused by anorexia nervosa@Psychiatry Pathology Eating_disorders@<img src="20 13-469-3.jpg"> A girl's chart says "recently diagnosed with anorexia nervosa," but her (reliabl e) mom says she eats normal-sized meals. Is this possible?@Yes; anorexia nervosa can involve excessive exercise as a means of weight reduction@Psychiatry Pathol ogy Eating_disorders@<img src="2013-469-3.jpg"> A patient often tries to lose weight by taking her mom's "water pills." What dis order do you suspect? What other meds might she be abusing?@Bulimia nervosa; oth er medications used to try to control weight include laxatives and emetics@Psych iatry Pathology Eating_disorders@<img src="2013-469-3.jpg"> A physician sees eroded tooth enamel in a teenager. She orders a CBC and a metab olic panel. What abnormalities does she expect?@Anemia, electrolyte abnormalitie s, and metabolic alkalosis secondary to bulimia nervosa@Psychiatry Pathology Eat ing_disorders@<img src="2013-469-3.jpg"> Compare the body weight profiles of patients with anorexia nervosa and bulimia n ervosa. @Patients with anorexia weigh less than 85% of ideal body weight; bulimi c patients often have normal body weight@Psychiatry Pathology Eating_disorders@< img src="2013-469-3.jpg"> Metatarsal stress fractures in an underweight adolescent girl make you suspect w hat disorder?@Anorexia nervosa, which causes decreased bone density and thus a p ropensity to fracture during exercise@Psychiatry Pathology Eating_disorders@<img src="2013-469-3.jpg"> Patients with anorexia and bulimia nervosa may or may not purge. What distinguis hes the two disorders?@Anorexia nervosa: excessive dieting/exercise, body weight less than 85% of ideal; bulimia: binge eating with or without purging@Psychiatr y Pathology Eating_disorders@<img src="2013-469-3.jpg"> What signs or symptoms of induced vomiting may be seen in a patient with bulimia nervosa?@Parotitis, eroded tooth enamel, electrolyte disturbances, and dorsal h and calluses (Russell's sign)@Psychiatry Pathology Eating_disorders@<img src="20 13-469-3.jpg"> A 40-year-old depressed woman believes a UFO is after her. She tries to stab her self, but is restrained. What immediate therapy could help?@Electroconvulsive th erapy; good for an immediate response (e.g., acute suicidality) and in depressio n with psychotic features or catatonia@Psychiatry Pathology Electroconvulsive_th erapy@<img src="2013-466-1.jpg"> Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a generalized seizure induced in an anestheti zed patient. Name the adverse effects. Are they reversible?@Adverse effects of E CT include disorientation, antero/retrograde amnesia; yes, often reversible with in six months@Psychiatry Pathology Electroconvulsive_therapy@<img src="2013-4661.jpg"> Name a nonpharmacologic treatment used for major depressive disorder unresponsiv e to other treatments and for depressed pregnant women?@Electroconvulsive therap y @Psychiatry Pathology Electroconvulsive_therapy@<img src="2013-466-1.jpg"> A man in the ER seeks admission for nonspecific belly pain for the twelfth time this year, demanding another colonoscopy. Likely diagnosis?@Munchausen's syndrom e, a chronic factitious disorder (many hospital admissions and willingness to re ceive invasive procedures)@Psychiatry Pathology Factitious_disorder@<img src="20 13-467-4.jpg"> A mother is caught injecting feces into the IV of her three-year-old son to keep him in the hospital. What is the mother's disorder called?@Munchausen's syndrom e by proxy, which is a form of child (or even elder) abuse@Psychiatry Pathology Factitious_disorder@<img src="2013-467-4.jpg"> How does Munchausen's differ from malingering regarding the willingness to recei ve medical care?@Patients with Munchausen's are willing to receive tests and pro cedures, whereas malingerers often avoid treatment@Psychiatry Pathology Factitio us_disorder@<img src="2013-467-4.jpg"> What is the primary goal of a patient with factitious disorder?@To achieve medic al attention (in contrast to malingerers, who are seeking a secondary gain)@Psyc hiatry Pathology Factitious_disorder@<img src="2013-467-4.jpg"> A female goes through gender reassignment surgery and androgen therapy so she ca

n live as a male. What is this called?@Trans<b>sex</b>ualism (wanting to be the opposite <b>sex</b>)@Psychiatry Pathology Gender_identity_disorder@<img src="201 3-469-4.jpg"> A male patient, Pat, has identified strongly as a female for the last 15 years. Pat is uncomfortable using the restrooms at work. Disorder?@Gender identity diso rder: strong, persistent identification with opposite sex causing distress/ impa irment@Psychiatry Pathology Gender_identity_disorder@<img src="2013-469-4.jpg"> A man buys and wears female clothing daily. What is this called?@Trans<b>vest</b >ism (wearing clothes of the opposite sex, like a <b>vest</b>)@Psychiatry Pathol ogy Gender_identity_disorder@<img src="2013-469-4.jpg"> A man cannot sleep or concentrate for eight months. He says he is a worrier and worries about everything. What is the likely diagnosis?@Generalized anxiety diso rder@Psychiatry Pathology Generalized_anxiety_disorder@<img src="2013-467-2.jpg" > By definition, the symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder must last how long t o be clinically significant?@More than six months@Psychiatry Pathology Generaliz ed_anxiety_disorder@<img src="2013-467-2.jpg"> Define adjustment disorder.@Impairing emotional symptoms in response to an ident ified stressor; lasts less than six months (or more than six months if chronic s tressor)@Psychiatry Pathology Generalized_anxiety_disorder@<img src="2013-467-2. jpg"> In generalized anxiety disorder, what do patients most commonly worry about?@Tri ck question; the anxiety is unrelated to any specific situation or person@Psychi atry Pathology Generalized_anxiety_disorder@<img src="2013-467-2.jpg"> What are some of the symptoms associated with generalized anxiety disorder?@Besi des anxiety: sleep problems, fatigue, difficulty concentrating, and gastrointest inal disturbances@Psychiatry Pathology Generalized_anxiety_disorder@<img src="20 13-467-2.jpg"> What drugs are used in the management of generalized anxiety disorder?@Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors@Psy chiatry Pathology Generalized_anxiety_disorder@<img src="2013-467-2.jpg"> ____ is the sensation of ants crawling on the skin and is seen in abuse of what substances?@Formication (a tactile hallucination); cocaine abuse ("cocaine crawl ies"), alcohol withdrawal@Psychiatry Pathology Hallucination_types@<img src="201 3-463-2.jpg"> ____ (Visual/Auditory) hallucinations are more common in medical illness, and __ __ (visual/auditory) hallucinations in psychiatric illness.@Visual; auditory@Psy chiatry Pathology Hallucination_types@<img src="2013-463-2.jpg"> What is a gustatory hallucination?@A hallucination of taste; rare@Psychiatry Pat hology Hallucination_types@<img src="2013-463-2.jpg"> What type of hallucination may precede psychomotor epilepsy or be associated wit h a brain tumor?@Olfactory hallucination@Psychiatry Pathology Hallucination_type s@<img src="2013-463-2.jpg"> What type of hallucination occurs while going to sleep: hypnagogic or hypnopompi c?@Hypna<b>go</b>gic (<b>go</b>ing to sleep)@Psychiatry Pathology Hallucination_ types@<img src="2013-463-2.jpg"> What type of hallucination occurs while waking from sleep: hypnagogic or hypnopo mpic?@Hypno<b>pomp</b>ic (<b>pomp</b>ous upon awakening)@Psychiatry Pathology Ha llucination_types@<img src="2013-463-2.jpg"> A 28-year-old man with track marks on his arms admits to heroin abuse. What medi cal problems or complications is he predisposing himself to?@Hepatitis, abscesse s, AIDS, hemorrhoids, right-sided endocarditis, and overdose@Psychiatry Patholog y Heroin_addiction@<img src="2013-471-2.jpg"> A 45-year-old heroin addict has symptoms of endocarditis. What cardiac valves do you evaluate by echocardiogram for possible vegetations?@The tricuspid and pulm onic valves (right-sided endocarditis is more likely in intravenous drug users)@ Psychiatry Pathology Heroin_addiction@<img src="2013-471-2.jpg"> For the treatment of heroin addiction, why does naloxone carry a low abuse poten tial?@It is not active when taken orally, so withdrawal symptoms only occur if i njected@Psychiatry Pathology Heroin_addiction@<img src="2013-471-2.jpg">

What makes methadone useful for heroin detoxification and long-term maintenance? @It is a long-acting opiate agonist@Psychiatry Pathology Heroin_addiction@<img s rc="2013-471-2.jpg"> What makes naloxone plus buprenorphine a useful combination for heroin detoxific ation and maintenance?@The combination acts as a partial opiate agonist that is long acting with fewer withdrawal symptoms than methadone@Psychiatry Pathology H eroin_addiction@<img src="2013-471-2.jpg"> Compare hypomanic episodes with manic episodes in terms of severity.@Hypomanic e pisodes are less intense, do not impair functioning or feature psychosis, and do not require hospitalization; mania is disturbing@Psychiatry Pathology Hypomanic _episode@<img src="2013-464-4.jpg"> Are the effects of infant deprivation reversible?@If they last longer than six m onths they may be irreversible@Psychiatry Pathology Infant_deprivation_effects@< img src="2013-459-2.jpg"> What are the general characteristics of infant deprivation?@<b>W</b>eakness, <b> W</b>ordlessness, <b>W</b>anting (social), and <b>W</b>ariness@Psychiatry Pathol ogy Infant_deprivation_effects@<img src="2013-459-2.jpg"> What are the seven effects of long-term affection deprivation on infants?@Reduce d muscle tone, poor language and socialization skills, lack of basic trust, anac litic depression, weight loss, physical illness/death@Psychiatry Pathology Infan t_deprivation_effects@<img src="2013-459-2.jpg"> Put the following terms in order of severity (least to most): schizoaffective, s chizotypal, schizoid, schizophrenic.@Schizoid (distant), schizotypal, (schizoid + odd thoughts), schizophrenic (> odd thoughts), schizoaffective (+ bipolar/depr essive symptoms)@Psychiatry Pathology Keeping_"schizo-"_straight@<img src="2013469-2.jpg"> Symptoms must last how long to diagnose brief psychotic disorder? Schizophrenifo rm disorder? Schizophrenia?@Brief psychotic disorder: less than one month; schiz ophreniform disorder: 1-6 months; schizophrenia: more than six months@Psychiatry Pathology Keeping_"schizo-"_straight@<img src="2013-469-2.jpg"> A man has anhedonia, fatigue, inattention, increased appetite/sleep. You need wh at other information to diagnose a major depressive episode?@The time course (sy mptoms must have been present for most days during the past two weeks)@Psychiatr y Pathology Major_depressive_disorder@<img src="2013-465-1.jpg"> How long do major depressive episodes usually last?@6-12 months@Psychiatry Patho logy Major_depressive_disorder@<img src="2013-465-1.jpg"> The lifetime prevalence of major depressive episode is higher for which sex?@The lifetime prevalence is higher in women (10%-25%) than in men (5%-12%)@Psychiatr y Pathology Major_depressive_disorder@<img src="2013-465-1.jpg"> What does <b>SIG E CAPS</b> stand for, and what disorder does it screen for?@<b> S</b>leep problems, loss of <b>I</b>nterest, <b>G</b>uilt, low <b>E</b>nergy/<b> C</b>oncentration, <b>A</b>ppetite change, <b>P</b>sychomotor slowing, <b>S</b>u icidal; depression@Psychiatry Pathology Major_depressive_disorder@<img src="2013 -465-1.jpg"> What milder form of depression lasts for more than two years?@Dysthymia@Psychiat ry Pathology Major_depressive_disorder@<img src="2013-465-1.jpg"> What specific type of depression responds to full-spectrum light exposure and is more common in winter months?@Seasonal affective disorder@Psychiatry Pathology Major_depressive_disorder@<img src="2013-465-1.jpg"> You need ____ out of ____ symptoms for at least ____ weeks to qualify for a majo r depressive episode; one of those symptoms must be ____.@Five; nine; two; depre ssed mood or anhedonia@Psychiatry Pathology Major_depressive_disorder@<img src=" 2013-465-1.jpg"> A 10-year-old boy pretends to throw up on the day of a big school test. What is the diagnosis?@Malingering: consciously faking illness for secondary gain@Psychi atry Pathology Malingering@<img src="2013-467-3.jpg"> Malingering is ____ (conscious/unconscious); symptoms ____ (continue/cease) afte r goal is achieved; there is ____ (good/poor) compliance. @Conscious; cease; poo r@Psychiatry Pathology Malingering@<img src="2013-467-3.jpg"> Over one week, a man cannot control his thoughts, sit still, or pay attention, p

reoccupied with his own importance. What is the diagnosis?@Manic episode @Psychi atry Pathology Manic_episode@<img src="2013-464-3.jpg"> Over one week, a man spends his savings on a yacht, researches sailing all night without sleeping, and talks fast. What is the diagnosis?@Manic episode@Psychiat ry Pathology Manic_episode@<img src="2013-464-3.jpg"> To qualify for a manic episode, how many manic symptoms must be present, and for how long?@At least three symptoms, lasting at least one week@Psychiatry Patholo gy Manic_episode@<img src="2013-464-3.jpg"> Major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, dysthymic disorder, and cyclothymic disorder are examples of what kind of disorder?@Mood disorder (loss of control over moods or abnormal moods and functional impairment; potential psychotic feat ures)@Psychiatry Pathology Mood_disorder@<img src="2013-464-2.jpg"> Compare levels of serotonin and norepinephrine (NE) in anxiety vs. depression. W hich shows decreased GABA? Which shows decreased dopamine? @Both have decreased serotonin. Anxiety has increased NE and decreased GABA; depression has decreased NE and decreased dopamine@Psychiatry Pathology Neurotransmitter_changes_with_di sease@<img src="2013-461-2.jpg"> Fill in the blank with increased or decreased: Acetylcholine is ____ in Huntingt on's, ____ in Alzheimer's, and ____ in Parkinson's. @Decreased; decreased; incre ased@Psychiatry Pathology Neurotransmitter_changes_with_disease@<img src="2013-4 61-2.jpg"> For each of the following, are dopamine levels increased or decreased: depressio n, Huntington's disease, schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease?@Decreased; increase d; increased; decreased@Psychiatry Pathology Neurotransmitter_changes_with_disea se@<img src="2013-461-2.jpg"> In Huntington's disease, GABA/ACh is ____ (increased/decreased); in Parkinson's disease, serotonin/ACh is ____(increased/decreased). @Decreased; increased@Psych iatry Pathology Neurotransmitter_changes_with_disease@<img src="2013-461-2.jpg"> A 30-year-old man who compulsively locks the door and peeks out the window may h ave had a childhood history of what disorder?@Tourette's syndrome, commonly asso ciated with obsessive-compulsive disorder@Psychiatry Pathology Obessive-compulsi ve_disorder@<img src="2013-466-6.jpg"> In the context of obsessive-compulsive disorder, what is the relationship betwee n obsessions and compulsions?@Obsessions are intrusive, recurring thoughts/feeli ngs causing severe anxiety; they are partly relieved by completing repetitive co mpulsions @Psychiatry Pathology Obessive-compulsive_disorder@<img src="2013-4666.jpg"> Name one drug class and one particular tricyclic antidepressant that can be used to treat obsessive-compulsive disorder.@Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors ; clomipramine (a tricyclic antidepressant)@Psychiatry Pathology Obessive-compul sive_disorder@<img src="2013-466-6.jpg"> Obsessive-compulsive disorder is considered ego dystonic. Define ego dystonic.@B ehavior inconsistent with one's own beliefs and attitudes and causing personal d istress@Psychiatry Pathology Obessive-compulsive_disorder@<img src="2013-466-6.j pg"> Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder has symptoms similar to obsessive-comp ulsive disorder with what major difference?@Obsessive-compulsive disorder is ego dystonic whereas obsessive-compulsive personality disorder is ego syntonic@Psyc hiatry Pathology Obessive-compulsive_disorder@<img src="2013-466-6.jpg"> List the order in which a person loses his or her components of orientation.@Typ ically, orientation to time is lost first, then to place, then to person (often noted as "AOx3" in medical charts)@Psychiatry Pathology Orientation@<img src="20 13-461-3.jpg"> Name some common causes of delirium (or loss of orientation).@Alcohol, drugs, fl uid/electrolyte imbalance, head trauma, hypoglycemia, nutritional deficiencies@P sychiatry Pathology Orientation@<img src="2013-461-3.jpg"> A man has random episodes of intense fear that peak in 10 minutes, palpitations, sweating, chest pain, and chills. What is the diagnosis?@Panic disorder@Psychia try Pathology Panic_disorder@<img src="2013-466-4.jpg">

A man has tingling hands, abdominal pain, nausea, and a feeling of choking. What psychiatric problem could he be suffering from?@Panic disorder; other symptoms: lightheadedness, shortness of breath, shaking, feeling of disconnectedness, fea r of dying or losing control@Psychiatry Pathology Panic_disorder@<img src="2013466-4.jpg"> Besides palpitations, lightheadedness, chest pain, chills, choking, sweating, an d shaking, what are other symptoms of panic disorder?@<b>P</b>aresthesias, <b>A< /b>bdominal distress, <b>N</b>ausea, <b>I</b>ntense fear of dying/losing control , dis<b>C</b>onnectedness, <b>S</b>hortness of breath (<b>PANICS</b>)@Psychiatry Pathology Panic_disorder@<img src="2013-466-4.jpg"> What fear is common among people with panic disorder?@Fear of having another att ack@Psychiatry Pathology Panic_disorder@<img src="2013-466-4.jpg"> What therapies are used to treat panic disorders?@Cognitive behavioral therapy, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, venlafaxine, benzodiazepines@Psychiatry Pathology Panic_disorder@<img src="2013-466-4.jpg"> Your 30-year-old female patient is pregnant. She has a history of panic disorder and fears her baby will have it too. What do you tell her? @There is a strong g enetic component to panic disorder and it is possible her baby will have symptom s later in life@Psychiatry Pathology Panic_disorder@<img src="2013-466-4.jpg"> Define personality trait.@A personality trait is a consistent way a person proce sses his/her environment and his/her role in it@Psychiatry Pathology Personality @<img src="2013-468-1.jpg"> How does a personality disorder differ from a personality trait?@A personality d isorder characterizes a trait(s) that becomes inflexible/maladaptive, causing di stress/impairment, but unknown to patient@Psychiatry Pathology Personality@<img src="2013-468-1.jpg"> When are personality disorders often diagnosed? Do patients have insight into th eir condition?@Usually not diagnosed until early adulthood, when personalities b egin to stabilize; patient is usually unaware of the disorder@Psychiatry Patholo gy Personality@<img src="2013-468-1.jpg"> A four-year-old boy barely speaks or makes eye contact. He flaps his arms and fi xates on his shoes. What treatment is recommended?@Behavioral and supportive the rapy to improve communication and social skills for autism@Psychiatry Pathology Pervasive_developmental_disorders@<img src="2013-461-1.jpg"> A four-year-old boy barely speaks or socializes. He flaps his arms, cannot make eye contact, fixates on his shoes. What is the diagnosis?@Autistic disorder, whi ch presents with language/social impairments, decreased intelligence@Psychiatry Pathology Pervasive_developmental_disorders@<img src="2013-461-1.jpg"> A nine-year-old boy who is socially inept, taps his feet, and says awkward thing s still performs well on English tests. Diagnosis?@Asperger's disorder, a milder form of autism with normal IQ and language, but with a self-focus, repetitive b ehaviors, and social problems@Psychiatry Pathology Pervasive_developmental_disor ders@<img src="2013-461-1.jpg"> A previously normal three-year-old girl now speaks/understands less, wrings her hands, and staggers. When does this disorder occur in boys?@Rett's disorder is m ostly a disease of females (X-linked); affected males generally die in utero or shortly after birth@Psychiatry Pathology Pervasive_developmental_disorders@<img src="2013-461-1.jpg"> A three-year-old girl loses developmental milestones, speaks less, wrings her ha nds, and has developed a clumsy gait. What is the diagnosis?@Rett's disorder; sy mptoms of regression characteristically present at approximately one to four yea rs of age@Psychiatry Pathology Pervasive_developmental_disorders@<img src="2013461-1.jpg"> Rett's disorder is found in ____ (boys/girls); childhood disintegrative disorder is found more often in ____ (boys/girls). @Girls; boys@Psychiatry Pathology Per vasive_developmental_disorders@<img src="2013-461-1.jpg"> What are the common features of all the pervasive developmental disorders?@Diffi culties with language and failure to acquire or early loss of social skills@Psyc hiatry Pathology Pervasive_developmental_disorders@<img src="2013-461-1.jpg"> What are the features of autistic disorder?@Language and social impairment, preo

ccupation with objects, lower intelligence, repetitive behaviors, and rarely unu sual abilities (savants)@Psychiatry Pathology Pervasive_developmental_disorders@ <img src="2013-461-1.jpg"> What characterizes childhood disintegrative disorder?@Social/language/motor skil l regression, loss of bowel/bladder control after two years of normal developing ; more in boys three to four years@Psychiatry Pathology Pervasive_developmental_ disorders@<img src="2013-461-1.jpg"> When is medical therapy considered for autistic disorder?@Medications can be use d for disruptive or harmful behaviors@Psychiatry Pathology Pervasive_development al_disorders@<img src="2013-461-1.jpg"> A 26-year-old delivered her baby two months ago and still feels depressed and an xious. What is the likely diagnosis and how can you treat?@Postpartum depression (lasts two weeks to one year or more); treatment is antidepressants and psychot herapy@Psychiatry Pathology Postpartum_mood_disturbances@<img src="2013-465-3.jp g"> A 26-year-old female delivered her baby boy two days ago and tells you she feels depressed, tearful, and tired. How do you respond?@You explain she is likely ex periencing postpartum blues, which usually resolve in 10-14 days; follow up for possible postpartum depression@Psychiatry Pathology Postpartum_mood_disturbances @<img src="2013-465-3.jpg"> A 26-year-old who delivered her baby eight days ago reports delusions and threat ens to kill herself and the baby. Diagnosis and treatment?@Likely postpartum psy chosis; admit to inpatient psychiatric unit, give antipsychotics/antidepressants as needed; may last four to six weeks@Psychiatry Pathology Postpartum_mood_dist urbances@<img src="2013-465-3.jpg"> Postpartum blues often resolve in ____; postpartum depression can last as long a s ____; postpartum psychosis often lasts ____. @10-14 days; a year or more; four to six weeks@Psychiatry Pathology Postpartum_mood_disturbances@<img src="2013-4 65-3.jpg"> Postpartum ____ is the only postpartum mood disturbance that usually does not wa rrant pharmacologic therapy.@Blues@Psychiatry Pathology Postpartum_mood_disturba nces@<img src="2013-465-3.jpg"> What are the three postpartum mood disturbances that females may experience, in the order of incidence?@Postpartum blues (50%-85%), postpartum depression (10%-1 5%), and postpartum psychosis (0.1%-0.2%)@Psychiatry Pathology Postpartum_mood_d isturbances@<img src="2013-465-3.jpg"> A girl was raped in a theater. For many months after, she has recurrent flashbac ks and avoids the theater. What treatments may help her?@Psychotherapy and selec tive serotonin reuptake inhibitors may help manage post-traumatic stress disorde r@Psychiatry Pathology Post-traumatic_stress_disorder@<img src="2013-467-1.jpg"> A soldier in the Iraq War describes two weeks of recurrent nightmares of her clo se friend being killed. What is the diagnosis?@Acute stress disorder (lasts betw een two days and one month)@Psychiatry Pathology Post-traumatic_stress_disorder@ <img src="2013-467-1.jpg"> For the last four months, a war veteran has had recurrent nightmares of a friend being shot; he often feels helpless and scared. Diagnosis?@Post-traumatic stres s disorder@Psychiatry Pathology Post-traumatic_stress_disorder@<img src="2013-46 7-1.jpg"> How is post-traumatic stress disorder treated?@Psychotherapy and selective serot onin reuptake inhibitors@Psychiatry Pathology Post-traumatic_stress_disorder@<im g src="2013-467-1.jpg"> How long must symptoms be present to diagnosis post-traumatic stress disorder (P TSD)? What is the disorder called before progressing to PTSD?@At least one month ; if symptoms persist more than two days but less than one month, it is consider ed acute stress disorder@Psychiatry Pathology Post-traumatic_stress_disorder@<im g src="2013-467-1.jpg"> Within what time frame after the traumatic incident must symptoms begin for the diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder?@Any time, but the disturbance must last more than one month@Psychiatry Pathology Post-traumatic_stress_disorder@<im

g src="2013-467-1.jpg"> A 40-year-old has mild bradypnea, ataxia, and somnolence. She says all she consu med today was her "anxiety meds." Drug screen shows what?@Benzodiazepines@Psychi atry Pathology Psychoactive_drug_intoxication_and_withdrawal@<img src="2013-4704.jpg"> A 46-year-old drug abuser presents with sweating, rhinorrhea, diarrhea, and dila ted pupils. You note goose bumps on his arm. Diagnosis?@Opiate withdrawal (stopp ing "cold turkey" can produce piloerection, or goosebumps)@Psychiatry Pathology Psychoactive_drug_intoxication_and_withdrawal@<img src="2013-470-4.jpg"> A college student may be abusing his roommate's attention-deficit/hyperactivity medications. What are symptoms of amphetamine intoxication?@Euphoria, grandiosit y, pupillary dilation, prolonged wakefulness and attention, hypertension, tachyc ardia, anorexia, paranoia, fever@Psychiatry Pathology Psychoactive_drug_intoxica tion_and_withdrawal@<img src="2013-470-4.jpg"> A man drank too much coffee and presents with restlessness, muscle twitches, and increased urination. What withdrawal symptoms may occur?@Lack of concentration and headache, which are signs of caffeine withdrawal@Psychiatry Pathology Psycho active_drug_intoxication_and_withdrawal@<img src="2013-470-4.jpg"> A man has visual hallucinations and nightmare-like flashbacks of childhood. Assu ming he is on drugs, how will his pupils appear?@Dilated, due to LSD use@Psychia try Pathology Psychoactive_drug_intoxication_and_withdrawal@<img src="2013-470-4 .jpg"> A man hospitalized for two days is listless, sleeps excessively, and is hungry a nd depressed. What drug class is he withdrawing from?@Amphetamines@Psychiatry Pa thology Psychoactive_drug_intoxication_and_withdrawal@<img src="2013-470-4.jpg"> A man is belligerent, agitated, and psychotic. You think he took PCP. What are o ther symptoms of intoxication?@Impulsiveness, fever, analgesia, vertical/horizon tal nystagmus, tachycardia, homicidality, delirium, seizures@Psychiatry Patholog y Psychoactive_drug_intoxication_and_withdrawal@<img src="2013-470-4.jpg"> A man is very happy and feels like time is moving slowly. His conjunctivae are r ed bilaterally. What are other symptoms of cannabinoid use?@Anxiety, paranoid de lusions, impaired judgment, social withdrawal, increased appetite, dry mouth, ha llucinations@Psychiatry Pathology Psychoactive_drug_intoxication_and_withdrawal@ <img src="2013-470-4.jpg"> A man leaves a party with slurred speech, ataxia, and mood changes. GGT is high. What is his likely AST/ALT ratio?@He is probably intoxicated from alcohol with a 2:1 AST/ALT ratio@Psychiatry Pathology Psychoactive_drug_intoxication_and_with drawal@<img src="2013-470-4.jpg"> A man on chemotherapy is very nauseous and says that marijuana, which he used as a teenager, always helped quell nausea. What can you prescribe for him?@Dronabi nol (tetrahydrocannabinol isomer) is prescribable marijuana, used for antiemesis (chemotherapy) and to stimulate appetite (AIDS)@Psychiatry Pathology Psychoacti ve_drug_intoxication_and_withdrawal@<img src="2013-470-4.jpg"> A man punches an ER nurse. You cautiously approach, noticing vertical and horizo ntal nystagmus. If on drugs, what will his heart rate show?@Tachycardia, caused by PCP@Psychiatry Pathology Psychoactive_drug_intoxication_and_withdrawal@<img s rc="2013-470-4.jpg"> A marijuana abuser wants to quit, but trying makes him irritable and depressed, and he starts smoking within three days. How do you counsel?@Symptoms of marijua na withdrawal peak in 48 hours and often end in a week; if one tolerates this pe riod, quitting for good may be possible@Psychiatry Pathology Psychoactive_drug_i ntoxication_and_withdrawal@<img src="2013-470-4.jpg"> An IV drug user comes to the ER with chest pain, then has sudden cardiac arrest. What is used to treat overdose of the drug this man took?@Benzodiazepines are u sed to treat cocaine overdose@Psychiatry Pathology Psychoactive_drug_intoxicatio n_and_withdrawal@<img src="2013-470-4.jpg"> Ann has been withdrawn and eating more. Her mouth is dry and she says time is mo ving slowly. If on drugs, what will her eyes show?@Conjunctival injection due to marijuana use@Psychiatry Pathology Psychoactive_drug_intoxication_and_withdrawa

l@<img src="2013-470-4.jpg"> A paranoid man comes to the ER thinking that bugs are crawling on him. What are other symptoms of intoxication of the drug he took?@Impaired judgment, pupillary dilation, hallucinations (tactile), paranoid ideations, angina, and cardiac dea th may result from cocaine use@Psychiatry Pathology Psychoactive_drug_intoxicati on_and_withdrawal@<img src="2013-470-4.jpg"> A patient overdosed on a pain medication known for causing constipation. What sh ould you give him?@Naloxone and naltrexone are used for opioid overdose@Psychiat ry Pathology Psychoactive_drug_intoxication_and_withdrawal@<img src="2013-470-4. jpg"> A patient with anxiety is in the ER with respiratory depression. She is intoxica ted with which of the following: PCP, LSD, or barbiturates?@Barbiturates@Psychia try Pathology Psychoactive_drug_intoxication_and_withdrawal@<img src="2013-470-4 .jpg"> Jon quit smoking tobacco yesterday and has become anxious and irritable. What ar e some good treatments to assist him?@Nicotine patch/gum/lozenges; bupropion, va renicline@Psychiatry Pathology Psychoactive_drug_intoxication_and_withdrawal@<im g src="2013-470-4.jpg"> What are general signs of depressant intoxication?@Mood elevation, decreased anx iety, sedation, behavioral disinhibition, respiratory depression@Psychiatry Path ology Psychoactive_drug_intoxication_and_withdrawal@<img src="2013-470-4.jpg"> What are symptoms of alcohol intoxication?@Emotional lability, slurred speech, a taxia, coma, blackouts@Psychiatry Pathology Psychoactive_drug_intoxication_and_w ithdrawal@<img src="2013-470-4.jpg"> What are symptoms of barbiturate withdrawal and benzodiazepine withdrawal?@Barbi turates: delirium, life-threatening cardiovascular collapse; benzodiazepines: sl eep disturbance, depression, rebound anxiety, seizure@Psychiatry Pathology Psych oactive_drug_intoxication_and_withdrawal@<img src="2013-470-4.jpg"> What are symptoms of cocaine withdrawal?@Hypersomnolence, malaise, severe psycho logical craving, depression/suicidality@Psychiatry Pathology Psychoactive_drug_i ntoxication_and_withdrawal@<img src="2013-470-4.jpg"> What are symptoms of LSD use?@Perceptual distortion (visual, auditory), deperson alization, anxiety, paranoia, psychosis, and possible flashbacks@Psychiatry Path ology Psychoactive_drug_intoxication_and_withdrawal@<img src="2013-470-4.jpg"> What are symptoms of nicotine withdrawal?@Irritability, anxiety, craving@Psychia try Pathology Psychoactive_drug_intoxication_and_withdrawal@<img src="2013-470-4 .jpg"> What are symptoms of opiate withdrawal?@Sweating, dilated pupils, piloerection, fever, rhinorrhea, yawning, nausea, stomach cramps, diarrhea (flu-like symptoms) @Psychiatry Pathology Psychoactive_drug_intoxication_and_withdrawal@<img src="20 13-470-4.jpg"> What are the features of alcohol withdrawal?@Mild: anxiety, tremor, insomnia, se izures (like other depressants); severe: autonomic hyperactivity and DTs@Psychia try Pathology Psychoactive_drug_intoxication_and_withdrawal@<img src="2013-470-4 .jpg"> What are the symptoms of alcohol withdrawal? Which is the most worrisome?@Tremor , anxiety, seizures, and insomnia; DTs, seen in severe withdrawal, are the most concerning@Psychiatry Pathology Psychoactive_drug_intoxication_and_withdrawal@<i mg src="2013-470-4.jpg"> What drug can be detected in urine up to one month after last use?@Marijuana@Psy chiatry Pathology Psychoactive_drug_intoxication_and_withdrawal@<img src="2013-4 70-4.jpg"> Which drug class has a higher safety margin: barbiturates or benzodiazepines?@Be nzodiazepines, which can still cause minor respiratory depression (in addition t o ataxia)@Psychiatry Pathology Psychoactive_drug_intoxication_and_withdrawal@<im g src="2013-470-4.jpg"> Your patient has marked respiratory depression. You suspect benzodiazepine overd ose. What do you use to treat this patient?@Flumazenil (a competitive benzodiaze pine antagonist)@Psychiatry Pathology Psychoactive_drug_intoxication_and_withdra wal@<img src="2013-470-4.jpg">

What is a psychotic disorder?@A distorted perception of reality with delusions, hallucinations, and/or disorganized thinking, occurring in medical/psychiatric i llness(es)@Psychiatry Pathology Psychotic_disorders@<img src="2013-462-4.jpg"> Pick one from each pair with the higher risk of suicide completion: man/woman, o ld/young, depression/ESRD, drug/sex addict, single/married.@Man; elderly <i>and< /i> teenagers; depression; drug addict; single (especially without kids or other social support)@Psychiatry Pathology Risk_factors_for_suicide_completion@<img s rc="2013-466-2.jpg"> What is the <b>SAD PERSONS</b> mnemonic for risk factors for suicide completion? @Male <b>S</b>ex, <b>A</b>ge (teen/old), <b>D</b>epression, <b>P</b>revious atte mpt, <b>E</b>thanol/drugs, i<b>R</b>rational thoughts, <b>S</b>ickness, <b>O</b> rganized plan, <b>N</b>o spouse, <b>S</b>upportless@Psychiatry Pathology Risk_fa ctors_for_suicide_completion@<img src="2013-466-2.jpg"> Which sex is at greater risk for suicide completion?@Men; although women attempt suicide more frequently@Psychiatry Pathology Risk_factors_for_suicide_completio n@<img src="2013-466-2.jpg"> Why does your mentor ask a depressed patient if he has a plan for suicide or has ever attempted it before?@A plan for suicide and a previous attempt are two ris k factors for suicide completion@Psychiatry Pathology Risk_factors_for_suicide_c ompletion@<img src="2013-466-2.jpg"> A 19-year-old man has auditory hallucinations and disorganized speech for nine m onths. History reveals marijuana use. What is the diagnosis?@Schizophrenia (mari juana is a risk factor in teens)@Psychiatry Pathology Schizophrenia@<img src="20 13-463-3.jpg"> A 19-year old man has auditory hallucinations and disorganized speech for two mo nths. History reveals marijuana use. What is the diagnosis?@Schizophreniform dis order@Psychiatry Pathology Schizophrenia@<img src="2013-463-3.jpg"> A 25-year-old man has auditory hallucinations for nine months. History reveals m arijuana use. What is the diagnosis?@Although auditory hallucinations are not be nign, they do not make the diagnosis of schizophrenia; at least one additional s ymptom is needed@Psychiatry Pathology Schizophrenia@<img src="2013-463-3.jpg"> An 18-year-old presents with hallucinations and delusions that lasted for the tw o weeks during finals and then resolved. Likely diagnosis?@Brief psychotic disor der (less than one month, often related to stress)@Psychiatry Pathology Schizoph renia@<img src="2013-463-3.jpg"> Are schizophrenic patients at an increased risk of suicide?@Yes@Psychiatry Patho logy Schizophrenia@<img src="2013-463-3.jpg"> Describe the epidemiology of schizophrenia in males versus females.@Lifetime pre valence is 1.5% for both (also for blacks and whites), but it presents at a youn ger age in males (late teens, early 20s)@Psychiatry Pathology Schizophrenia@<img src="2013-463-3.jpg"> How many symptoms of schizophrenia are needed for diagnosis?@Two@Psychiatry Path ology Schizophrenia@<img src="2013-463-3.jpg"> In what psychiatric illness is decreased dendritic branching observed?@Schizophr enia@Psychiatry Pathology Schizophrenia@<img src="2013-463-3.jpg"> Name the five subtypes of schizophrenia.@Disorganized, catatonic, paranoid, undi fferentiated, and residual@Psychiatry Pathology Schizophrenia@<img src="2013-463 -3.jpg"> Name the four positive symptoms of schizophrenia.@Delusions, hallucinations, dis organized thought, and disorganized/catatonic behavior@Psychiatry Pathology Schi zophrenia@<img src="2013-463-3.jpg"> Name the two subtypes of schizoaffective disorder.@Bipolar and depressive@Psychi atry Pathology Schizophrenia@<img src="2013-463-3.jpg"> To diagnosis schizophrenia, periods of psychosis and disturbed behavior leading to functional decline must be present for how long? @Six months or longer@Psychi atry Pathology Schizophrenia@<img src="2013-463-3.jpg"> Twin brothers have schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. Their mother asks what predisposed them to these illnesses. You say?@Genetics and environment bot h contribute to the etiology of schizophrenia@Psychiatry Pathology Schizophrenia @<img src="2013-463-3.jpg">

What are the so-called negative symptoms of schizophrenia?@Flat affect, social w ithdrawal, lack of motivation, lack of speech or thought@Psychiatry Pathology Sc hizophrenia@<img src="2013-463-3.jpg"> What changes in the brain are often noted in patients with schizophrenia?@Increa sed dopamine, decreased dendritic branching@Psychiatry Pathology Schizophrenia@< img src="2013-463-3.jpg"> What is schizoaffective disorder?@The presence of psychotic symptoms for two wee ks without symptoms of a mood disorder, followed by the addition of mood disorde r symptoms@Psychiatry Pathology Schizophrenia@<img src="2013-463-3.jpg"> What psychotic disorder is characterized by symptoms that are consistent with sc hizophrenia but that last for one to six months?@Schizophreniform disorder@Psych iatry Pathology Schizophrenia@<img src="2013-463-3.jpg"> What are delusions?@False beliefs about oneself or others that persist despite t he facts (e.g., thinking a newborn is Satan)@Psychiatry Pathology Signs_of_psych osis@<img src="2013-463-1.jpg"> What are hallucinations?@Perceptions in the absence of external stimuli (e.g., h earing voices that do not exist)@Psychiatry Pathology Signs_of_psychosis@<img sr c="2013-463-1.jpg"> What is disorganized speech?@Words and ideas strung together based on sounds, pu ns, or loose associations@Psychiatry Pathology Signs_of_psychosis@<img src="2013 -463-1.jpg"> A 27-year-old says he cannot move his leg. Workup is negative. He does not seem distressed. His wife died recently in car crash. Diagnosis?@Conversion disorder (a type of somatoform disorder); loss of sensory/motor function following an acu te stressor, which is not distressing@Psychiatry Pathology Somatoform_disorders@ <img src="2013-467-5.jpg"> A model presents to a surgeon complaining that her nose does not look right, des pite nine prior rhinoplasties. What is the diagnosis?@Body dysmorphic disorder@P sychiatry Pathology Somatoform_disorders@<img src="2013-467-5.jpg"> A patient presents with prolonged pain with a negative workup. He says it is wor se when he is stressed at work. What is the diagnosis?@Pain disorder (a form of somatoform disorder); psychological factors are important factors in pain severi ty/exacerbation@Psychiatry Pathology Somatoform_disorders@<img src="2013-467-5.j pg"> A woman presents multiple times with a preoccupation and fear that she has cance r despite continued reassurance. What is the diagnosis?@Hypochondriasis@Psychiat ry Pathology Somatoform_disorders@<img src="2013-467-5.jpg"> Choose the two groups in which conversion disorder is most commonly seen: infant s, adolescents, young adults, adults, elderly.@Adolescents and young adults@Psyc hiatry Pathology Somatoform_disorders@<img src="2013-467-5.jpg"> How do malingering patients differ from those with somatoform disorders?@Malinge ring is a product of conscious actions, whereas somatoform disorders are product s of the unconscious@Psychiatry Pathology Somatoform_disorders@<img src="2013-46 7-5.jpg"> Symptoms involving which organ systems must be seen to diagnose somatization dis order? Over what time period?@Symptoms: four pain, two gastrointestinal, one sex ual, and one pseudoneurologic; multiple years, developing before age 30@Psychiat ry Pathology Somatoform_disorders@<img src="2013-467-5.jpg"> What is a somatoform disorder?@Any disorder characterized by physical symptoms w ith no identifiable physical cause; symptoms are not intentionally produced/feig ned@Psychiatry Pathology Somatoform_disorders@<img src="2013-467-5.jpg"> A woman who suffers from a fear of public speaking has what specific phobia? Wha t drug can be used to treat her?@Social phobia, an excessive fear of embarrassme nt in social contexts; selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors@Psychiatry Pathol ogy Specific_phobia@<img src="2013-466-5.jpg"> Do individuals with a specific phobia have insight into their condition?@Yes, pa tients typically realize that their fear is excessive@Psychiatry Pathology Speci fic_phobia@<img src="2013-466-5.jpg"> How do pathological specific phobias differ from normal fears?@Pathological spec ific phobias interfere with normal functioning and are triggered by the presence

/thought of a specific stimulus@Psychiatry Pathology Specific_phobia@<img src="2 013-466-5.jpg"> Without using medication, how can specific phobias be treated?@Systematic desens itization (repeated exposure to the stimulus until the fear reaction abates)@Psy chiatry Pathology Specific_phobia@<img src="2013-466-5.jpg"> What are the six stages of overcoming substance addiction?@(1) precontemplation (2) contemplation (3) preparation/determination (4) action/willpower (5) mainten ance (6) relapse@Psychiatry Pathology Stages_of_change_in_overcoming_substance_a ddiction@<img src="2013-470-3.jpg"> You counsel a patient on smoking. He says, "I know smoking is bad, and I would q uit if I could!" What stage of behavior change is this?@Contemplation@Psychiatry Pathology Stages_of_change_in_overcoming_substance_addiction@<img src="2013-470 -3.jpg"> You tell a teenage patient to quit smoking. He replies that there is nothing wro ng with smoking. What stage of behavior change is he in?@Precontemplation@Psychi atry Pathology Stages_of_change_in_overcoming_substance_addiction@<img src="2013 -470-3.jpg"> Are recurrent substance-related legal problems a criterion for substance abuse, dependence, or both?@Abuse@Psychiatry Pathology Substance_abuse@<img src="2013-4 70-2.jpg"> Is continued substance use despite persistent problems caused by the substance a criterion for substance abuse, dependence, or both?@Both@Psychiatry Pathology S ubstance_abuse@<img src="2013-470-2.jpg"> Is recurrent use of a substance in physically hazardous situations a criterion f or substance abuse, dependence, or both?@Abuse@Psychiatry Pathology Substance_ab use@<img src="2013-470-2.jpg"> Is repeated substance use that results in a failure to fulfill obligations at wo rk or home a criterion for substance abuse or dependence?@Both@Psychiatry Pathol ogy Substance_abuse@<img src="2013-470-2.jpg"> A person has substance dependence if s/he demonstrates how many maladaptive sign s of dependence during a one-year period?@Three or more@Psychiatry Pathology Sub stance_dependence@<img src="2013-470-1.jpg"> Substance dependence is defined as drug tolerance, withdrawal symptoms, inabilit y to cut down, plus what other four symptoms?@Much energy spent obtaining/using/ recovering; skipping obligations due to use; use despite knowing problems; use m ore/longer than desired@Psychiatry Pathology Substance_dependence@<img src="2013 -470-1.jpg"> All typical antipsychotics antagonize ____ receptors, thereby increasing intrace llular ____.@D₂; cAMP@Psychiatry Pharmacology Antipsychotics_(neurole ptics)@<img src="2013-473-1.jpg"> A man has fever, rigidity, myoglobinuria, and tachycardia after taking haloperid ol. What is this and how should this patient be managed?@Neuroleptic malignant s yndrome, which is most often seen with haloperidol; treat with dantrolene and br omocriptine (D₂ agonists)@Psychiatry Pharmacology Antipsychotics_(neu roleptics)@<img src="2013-473-1.jpg"> Chlorpromazine causes ____ (corneal/retinal) deposits; thioridazine causes ____ (corneal/retinal) deposits.@Corneal; retinal@Psychiatry Pharmacology Antipsychot ics_(neuroleptics)@<img src="2013-473-1.jpg"> Four hours after taking a psychiatric drug, a man spasms and his eyes roll aroun d in his head. What is happening and what did he take?@Acute dystonia (an extrap yramidal symptom); a neuroleptic @Psychiatry Pharmacology Antipsychotics_(neurol eptics)@<img src="2013-473-1.jpg"> Four weeks ago, a patient started taking fluphenazine. She states that she is un able to sit still. What adverse effect is she experiencing?@Akathisia@Psychiatry Pharmacology Antipsychotics_(neuroleptics)@<img src="2013-473-1.jpg"> In reference to neuroleptic malignant syndrome, what does the FEVER mnemonic rep resent?@<b>F</b>ever, <b>E</b>ncephalopathy, <b>V</b>itals unstable, <b>E</b>lev ated enzymes, <b>R</b>igidity of muscles@Psychiatry Pharmacology Antipsychotics_ (neuroleptics)@<img src="2013-473-1.jpg"> Name five typical antipsychotics.@Haloperidol, thioridazine, fluphenazine, trifl

uoperazine, and chlorpromazine (haloperidol and the -azines) @Psychiatry Pharmac ology Antipsychotics_(neuroleptics)@<img src="2013-473-1.jpg"> Put the following extrapyramidal adverse effects of neuroleptics in chronologica l order: akathisia, akinesia, dystonia, tardive dyskinesia.@Dystonia (within fou r hours), akinesia (within four days), akathisia (within four weeks), and tardiv e dyskinesia (after four months)@Psychiatry Pharmacology Antipsychotics_(neurole ptics)@<img src="2013-473-1.jpg"> ____ (Typical neuroleptics/Atypical neuroleptics/Both) treat Tourette's syndrome . @Both@Psychiatry Pharmacology Antipsychotics_(neuroleptics)@<img src="2013-473 -1.jpg"> What adverse effect of neuroleptic medications is characterized by the inability to initiate purposeful movement? When does it manifest?@Akinesia; four days aft er taking the drug@Psychiatry Pharmacology Antipsychotics_(neuroleptics)@<img sr c="2013-473-1.jpg"> What are the clinical uses of neuroleptics?@Schizophrenia (mostly positive sympt oms), psychosis, acute mania, and Tourette's syndrome@Psychiatry Pharmacology An tipsychotics_(neuroleptics)@<img src="2013-473-1.jpg"> What extrapyramidal adverse effect of neuroleptics is irreversible? When does it occur?@Tardive dyskinesia, oral-facial movements; more than four months after t aking the drug@Psychiatry Pharmacology Antipsychotics_(neuroleptics)@<img src="2 013-473-1.jpg"> What is the reason for the long half-life of neuroleptics?@They are highly lipid soluble, so there is a large volume of distribution; it thus takes a long time for them to be removed from the body@Psychiatry Pharmacology Antipsychotics_(neu roleptics)@<img src="2013-473-1.jpg"> Which neuroleptics are considered low-potency drugs? What qualifies them as such ?@<b>C</b>hlorpromazine and <b>T</b>hioridazine (<b>C</b>heating <b>T</b>hieves are <b>low</b>); lower incidence of neurologic side effects@Psychiatry Pharmacol ogy Antipsychotics_(neuroleptics)@<img src="2013-473-1.jpg"> Which neuroleptics are high-potency drugs and what side effects are increased in them?@<b>T</b>rifluoperazine, <b>F</b>luphenazine, <b>H</b>aloperidol (<b>T</b> ry to <b>F</b>ly <b>H</b>igh); neurologic side effects (extrapyramidal symptoms) @Psychiatry Pharmacology Antipsychotics_(neuroleptics)@<img src="2013-473-1.jpg" > Why did your male patient with schizophrenia start leaking milk from his nipples ?@He likely takes an antipsychotic, which antagonizes dopamine receptors, causin g hyperprolactinemia and galactorrhea @Psychiatry Pharmacology Antipsychotics_(n euroleptics)@<img src="2013-473-1.jpg"> Why does your schizophrenic patient have a dry mouth, constipation, and feel sed ated? Do you expect his blood pressure to be high or low?@Neuroleptics block mus carinic receptors (dry mouth, constipation) and histamine receptors (sedation); low: hypotension from -1 blockade@Psychiatry Pharmacology Antipsychotics_(neurolep tics)@<img src="2013-473-1.jpg"> A man has a painful, persistent erection after starting an antidepressant for in somnia. What medication is he taking?@Trazodone, which is an atypical antidepres sant that can cause priapism ("trazobone") @Psychiatry Pharmacology Atypical_ant idepressants@<img src="2013-476-1.jpg"> A woman comes in because she just cannot get out of bed or have an orgasm since starting on fluoxetine. What is another option for her?@Bupropion, which has som e stimulant effects (tachycardia, insomnia) and no sexual side effects@Psychiatr y Pharmacology Atypical_antidepressants@<img src="2013-476-1.jpg"> Bupropion is contraindicated in what patients?@Patients with bulimia (increases seizure risk) or history of seizure disorders@Psychiatry Pharmacology Atypical_a ntidepressants@<img src="2013-476-1.jpg"> Is trazodone better for depression or insomnia? Why?@Insomnia; very high doses a re needed for antidepressant effects@Psychiatry Pharmacology Atypical_antidepres sants@<img src="2013-476-1.jpg"> Mirtazapine antagonizes ____, ____, and ____ receptors, which increases the rel ease of ____ and ____.@₂; 5-HT₂; 5-HT₃; norepinep hrine; serotonin@Psychiatry Pharmacology Atypical_antidepressants@<img src="2013

-476-1.jpg"> What are the adverse effects of mirtazapine?@Sedation, increased appetite, weigh t gain, dry mouth@Psychiatry Pharmacology Atypical_antidepressants@<img src="201 3-476-1.jpg"> What atypical antidepressant is known to cause headache in some people?@Bupropio n@Psychiatry Pharmacology Atypical_antidepressants@<img src="2013-476-1.jpg"> What is the mechanism of action of an antidepressant used for smoking cessation? @Bupropion increases norepinephrine and dopamine (via unknown mechanism)@Psychia try Pharmacology Atypical_antidepressants@<img src="2013-476-1.jpg"> What is the mechanism of action of maprotiline? What are the toxicities?@Blocks norepinephrine reuptake; toxicities include sedation and orthostatic hypotension @Psychiatry Pharmacology Atypical_antidepressants@<img src="2013-476-1.jpg"> Which atypical antidepressant might be most beneficial for a frail 90-year-old w oman who cannot sleep because of her depression?@Mirtazapine, which can cause se dation and weight gain (especially useful in elderly or anorexic patients)@Psych iatry Pharmacology Atypical_antidepressants@<img src="2013-476-1.jpg"> Your 25-year-old patient worries that taking paroxetine for depression will wors en his sexual dysfunction. What is an alternative treatment?@Bupropion@Psychiatr y Pharmacology Atypical_antidepressants@<img src="2013-476-1.jpg"> A 36-year-old patient with schizophrenia on haloperidol experiences torticollis, tremor, and dry mouth. What is an alternative treatment?@Atypical antipsychotic s, which have a lower risk of extrapyramidal symptoms and anticholinergic side e ffects@Psychiatry Pharmacology Atypical_antipsychotics@<img src="2013-473-2.jpg" > Atypical antipsychotic medications block what type of receptors in addition to d opamine receptors?@5-HT₂, , and H₁ (effects on different rec eptor types are varied)@Psychiatry Pharmacology Atypical_antipsychotics@<img src ="2013-473-2.jpg"> Typical antipsychotics treat ____ (positive/negative/both) symptoms of schizophr enia; atypical antipsychotics treat ____ symptoms.@Positive; both positive and n egative@Psychiatry Pharmacology Atypical_antipsychotics@<img src="2013-473-2.jpg "> What are the indications for atypical antipsychotic use?@Schizophrenia (positive , negative symptoms); also bipolar and obsessive-compulsive disorder, anxiety, d epression, mania, and Tourette's@Psychiatry Pharmacology Atypical_antipsychotics @<img src="2013-473-2.jpg"> What blood tests do patients need if they are taking clozapine?@Weekly complete blood count to monitor white blood cells since clozapine can cause agranulocytos is (must watch <b>cloz</b>apine <b>cloz</b>ely!)@Psychiatry Pharmacology Atypica l_antipsychotics@<img src="2013-473-2.jpg"> What do olanzapine, clozapine, quetiapine, risperidone, aripiprazole, and zipras idone have in common?@They are atypical antipsychotics (it is <b>atypical</b> fo r <b>ol</b>d <b>clos</b>ets to <b>quiet</b>ly <b>risper</b> from <b>A</b> to <b> Z</b>)@Psychiatry Pharmacology Atypical_antipsychotics@<img src="2013-473-2.jpg" > Which two atypical antipsychotics are most likely to cause significant weight ga in? Which can cause QT prolongation?@Clozapine, olanzapine; ziprasidone@Psychiat ry Pharmacology Atypical_antipsychotics@<img src="2013-473-2.jpg"> What adverse effects are avoided with use of buspirone (as opposed to barbiturat es or benzodiazepines)?@Buspirone does not interact with alcohol and does not ca use sedation, addiction, or tolerance@Psychiatry Pharmacology Buspirone@<img src ="2013-474-2.jpg"> What is the mechanism of action of the drug used for generalized anxiety disorde r that is not addictive and does not interact with alcohol?@Buspirone, which sti mulates serotonin receptors (5-HT_1A receptors)@Psychiatry Pharmacolog y Buspirone@<img src="2013-474-2.jpg"> What is the primary clinical indication for buspirone?@Generalized anxiety disor der (I'm always anxious if the <b>bus</b> will be on time, so I take <b>bus</b>p irone)@Psychiatry Pharmacology Buspirone@<img src="2013-474-2.jpg"> Besides attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, what can methylphenidate and d

extroamphetamine be used to treat?@Narcolepsy and appetite control@Psychiatry Ph armacology CNS_stimulants@<img src="2013-472-4.jpg"> Explain the mechanism of action of methylphenidate, methamphetamine, and dextroa mphetamine.@They increase release of catecholamines (especially norepinephrine a nd dopamine) at the synaptic cleft@Psychiatry Pharmacology CNS_stimulants@<img s rc="2013-472-4.jpg"> A patient on chronic lithium therapy develops polyuria and polydipsia. You try t o treat with exogenous antidiuretic hormone, but fail. Why?@Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (caused by lithium) causes antidiuretic hormone function to be inhibi ted at the level of the kidney@Psychiatry Pharmacology Lithium@<img src="2013-47 4-1.jpg"> At the level of the kidney, how is lithium reabsorbed?@Resorbed at the proximal convoluted tubule along with sodium@Psychiatry Pharmacology Lithium@<img src="20 13-474-1.jpg"> In what population is lithium absolutely contraindicated, and why?@Pregnant wome n; it can cause Ebstein malformation and great vessel malformations in the fetus @Psychiatry Pharmacology Lithium@<img src="2013-474-1.jpg"> Lithium has a narrow therapeutic window. Does this pharmacologic property affect clinical practice in any way?@Yes; it means clinicians have to monitor lithium levels to make sure it is neither supratherapeutic nor subtherapeutic@Psychiatry Pharmacology Lithium@<img src="2013-474-1.jpg"> Lithium is primarily used to treat patients with what psychiatric disorder?@Bipo lar disorder@Psychiatry Pharmacology Lithium@<img src="2013-474-1.jpg"> This psychiatric drug antagonizes ADH receptors, so it can also be used to treat syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion.@Lithium@Psychiatry Ph armacology Lithium@<img src="2013-474-1.jpg"> What is the proposed mechanism of action of lithium?@Inhibition of the phosphati dyl inositol pathway@Psychiatry Pharmacology Lithium@<img src="2013-474-1.jpg"> What lab test should be ordered on a patient taking lithium who complains of let hargy, constipation, and feeling cold?@Thyroid-stimulating hormone test; lithium can cause hypothyroidism@Psychiatry Pharmacology Lithium@<img src="2013-474-1.j pg"> Why should a patient who overdoses on lithium get an electrocardiogram?@To asses s for heart block, a side effect of lithium@Psychiatry Pharmacology Lithium@<img src="2013-474-1.jpg"> Your bipolar patient has edema, tremor, and feels tired and cold. Why is this?@H e is taking <b>L</b>ithium; side effects are <b>M</b>ovement, <b>N</b>ephrogenic diabetes, hyp<b>O</b>thyroid, <b>P</b>regnancy problems (<b>LMNOP</b>)@Psychiat ry Pharmacology Lithium@<img src="2013-474-1.jpg"> A 32-year-old man taking daily phenelzine goes to a wine and cheese party. What foods should he avoid? Why?@Both wine and cheese, which are high in tyramine and can lead to hypertensive crisis if ingested while taking monoamine oxidase inhi bitors@Psychiatry Pharmacology Monamine_oxidase_(MAO)_inhibitors@<img src="2013475-4.jpg"> An anxious woman with atypical depression is always worried that she is dying, d espite repeatedly normal tests. How do you treat?@Monoamine oxidase inhibitors t reat atypical depression, anxiety, and hypochondriasis@Psychiatry Pharmacology M onamine_oxidase_(MAO)_inhibitors@<img src="2013-475-4.jpg"> Name the monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors.@<b>T</b>ranylcypromine, <b>P</b>hen elzine, <b>I</b>socarboxazid, <b>S</b>elegiline (selective MAO-B inhibitor), (<b >MAO</b> <b>T</b>akes <b>P</b>ride <b>I</b>n <b>S</b>hanghai)@Psychiatry Pharmac ology Monamine_oxidase_(MAO)_inhibitors@<img src="2013-475-4.jpg"> What is the mechanism of action of monoamine oxidase inhibitors?@Inhibition of m onoamine oxidase prevents breakdown of amine neurotransmitters (norepinephrine, serotonin, dopamine)@Psychiatry Pharmacology Monamine_oxidase_(MAO)_inhibitors@< img src="2013-475-4.jpg"> Your patient takes isocarboxazid. What other drugs should be avoided?@SSRIs, TCA s, St. John's Wort, dextromethorphan, and meperidine, which can cause serotonin syndrome@Psychiatry Pharmacology Monamine_oxidase_(MAO)_inhibitors@<img src="201 3-475-4.jpg">

A diabetic 60-year-old man can't feel his toes. His dog just died, so he also is depressed. What drug may help his neuropathy and depression?@Duloxetine, a sero tonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor used for both depression and diabetic pe ripheral neuropathy@Psychiatry Pharmacology SNRIs@<img src="2013-475-2.jpg"> Besides depression, what are the two indications for venlafaxine?@Generalized an xiety disorder and panic disorder@Psychiatry Pharmacology SNRIs@<img src="2013-4 75-2.jpg"> Name two serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. Which has greater effect on norepinephrine?@Venlafaxine, duloxetine; duloxetine has a greater effect on n orepinephrine@Psychiatry Pharmacology SNRIs@<img src="2013-475-2.jpg"> What are the adverse effects of serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors?@Mo st commonly increased blood pressure, but also stimulant effects, sedation, and nausea@Psychiatry Pharmacology SNRIs@<img src="2013-475-2.jpg"> What is the mechanism of action of serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors? @Inhibition of serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake@Psychiatry Pharmacology SNR Is@<img src="2013-475-2.jpg"> A patient on treatment for depression presents with a temperature of 105 degrees F, rigidity, flushing, and diarrhea. How do you treat?@Cyproheptadine, a seroto nin (5-HT₂) receptor antagonist treats serotonin syndrome@Psychiatry Pharmacology SSRIs@<img src="2013-475-1.jpg"> Before you start a patient on fluoxetine, what common side effects should you co unsel him/her about?@Gastrointestinal upset, sexual dysfunction (decreased libid o and anorgasmia)@Psychiatry Pharmacology SSRIs@<img src="2013-475-1.jpg"> If a man takes both a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor and a monoamine oxi dase inhibitor what is the potential serious adverse effect?@Serotonin syndrome (myoclonus, diarrhea, flushing, seizures, hyperthermia, and cardiovascular colla pse)@Psychiatry Pharmacology SSRIs@<img src="2013-475-1.jpg"> It normally takes how many weeks for a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor to show clinical benefit?@Four to eight weeks@Psychiatry Pharmacology SSRIs@<img s rc="2013-475-1.jpg"> Name the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.@<b>Fl</b>uoxetine, <b>par</b>o xetine, <b>se</b>rtraline, and <b>cit</b>alopram (<b>Fl</b>ashbacks <b>par</b>al yze <b>se</b>nior <b>cit</b>izens)@Psychiatry Pharmacology SSRIs@<img src="2013475-1.jpg"> What antidepressant class treats depression, generalized anxiety, OCD, bulimia, social phobias, and PTSD?@Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors@Psychiatry Pha rmacology SSRIs@<img src="2013-475-1.jpg"> A patient presents with depressed mood and decreased interest and appetite; he i s sleeping only three hours a night. How do you treat?@Mirtazapine, a sedating a ntidepressant useful for the treatment of depression with insomnia@Psychiatry Ph armacology Treatment_for_selected_psychiatric_conditions@<img src="2013-472-3.jp g"> A war veteran has flashbacks, nightmares, and tries to avoid crowded places. Wha t drug class can help manage his condition?@Selective serotonin reuptake inhibit ors can be used to treat his post-traumatic stress disorder and social phobias@P sychiatry Pharmacology Treatment_for_selected_psychiatric_conditions@<img src="2 013-472-3.jpg"> Beth reorganizes her shoe collection by height each morning and always washes th e dishes exactly three times. What meds might she be on?@Selective serotonin reu ptake inhibitors or clomipramine, which are used for obsessive-compulsive disord er@Psychiatry Pharmacology Treatment_for_selected_psychiatric_conditions@<img sr c="2013-472-3.jpg"> Bob has a disorder that involves a facial tic and occasional swearing. What drug s might he take?@Antipsychotics, often haloperidol or risperidone, are used for Tourette's syndrome@Psychiatry Pharmacology Treatment_for_selected_psychiatric_c onditions@<img src="2013-472-3.jpg"> What are the three first-line drug classes for the treatment of anxiety?@Selecti ve serotonin reuptake inhibitors, serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, and buspirone@Psychiatry Pharmacology Treatment_for_selected_psychiatric_conditi ons@<img src="2013-472-3.jpg">

What are the three first-line drug classes for the treatment of depression?@Sele ctive serotonin reuptake inhibitors, serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor s, tricyclic antidepressants; and buspirone, mirtazapine@Psychiatry Pharmacology Treatment_for_selected_psychiatric_conditions@<img src="2013-472-3.jpg"> What are the three first-line drugs (all mood stabilizers) for the treatment of bipolar disorder?@Lithium, valproic acid, and carbamazepine; atypical antipsycho tics can also be used@Psychiatry Pharmacology Treatment_for_selected_psychiatric _conditions@<img src="2013-472-3.jpg"> What drugs are primarily used for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder?@Meth ylphenidate, amphetamines@Psychiatry Pharmacology Treatment_for_selected_psychia tric_conditions@<img src="2013-472-3.jpg"> What drugs are used in the treatment of panic disorder?@Selective serotonin reup take inhibitors, venlafaxine, benzodiazepines@Psychiatry Pharmacology Treatment_ for_selected_psychiatric_conditions@<img src="2013-472-3.jpg"> What is the drug class of choice for the treatment of schizophrenia?@Antipsychot ics, typical or atypical@Psychiatry Pharmacology Treatment_for_selected_psychiat ric_conditions@<img src="2013-472-3.jpg"> What is the drug class of choice for treating bulimia?@Selective serotonin reupt ake inhibitors@Psychiatry Pharmacology Treatment_for_selected_psychiatric_condit ions@<img src="2013-472-3.jpg"> What two drug classes are used in the treatment of atypical depression?@Monoamin e oxidase inhibitors and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors@Psychiatry Phar macology Treatment_for_selected_psychiatric_conditions@<img src="2013-472-3.jpg" > A 17-year-old male presents with nocturnal bedwetting. What antidepressant is a treatment option for this patient?@Imipramine, a tricyclic antidepressant@Psychi atry Pharmacology Tricyclic_antidepressants@<img src="2013-475-3.jpg"> A man feels tired, lightheaded when he stands up, and his mouth is always dry. W hat new antidepressant drug class is he likely taking?@Tricyclic antidepressant, which can cause sedation, postural hypotension, and anticholinergic side effect s@Psychiatry Pharmacology Tricyclic_antidepressants@<img src="2013-475-3.jpg"> A man on an antidepressant experiences convulsions, coma, arrhythmias, fever, an d respiratory depression. How do you treat?@Treat tricyclic antidepressant toxic ity with intravenous NaHCO₃ to prevent cardiac arrhythmias@Psychiatry Pharmacology Tricyclic_antidepressants@<img src="2013-475-3.jpg"> Besides major depression, what three other conditions can tricyclic antidepressa nts treat?@Obsessive-compulsive disorder, bedwetting, fibromyalgia@Psychiatry Ph armacology Tricyclic_antidepressants@<img src="2013-475-3.jpg"> Name the tricyclic antidepressants.@Amitriptyline, nortriptyline, imipramine, de sipramine, clomipramine, doxepin, amoxapine (typical ending is -iptyline or -ipr amine)@Psychiatry Pharmacology Tricyclic_antidepressants@<img src="2013-475-3.jp g"> Tricyclic antidepressants block the reuptake of what two neurotransmitters?@Sero tonin and norepinephrine@Psychiatry Pharmacology Tricyclic_antidepressants@<img src="2013-475-3.jpg"> What adverse effects of tricyclic antidepressants are the result of anticholiner gic action?@Tachycardia, dry mouth, and urinary retention@Psychiatry Pharmacolog y Tricyclic_antidepressants@<img src="2013-475-3.jpg"> What are the five major toxicities of tricyclic antidepressant overdose?@Tri-<b> C</b>'s: <b>C</b>onvulsions, <b>C</b>oma, <b>C</b>ardiotoxicity; also respirato ry depression and hyperpyrexia@Psychiatry Pharmacology Tricyclic_antidepressants @<img src="2013-475-3.jpg"> What is the least sedating tricyclic antidepressant that also has the lowest sei zure threshold? @Desipramine@Psychiatry Pharmacology Tricyclic_antidepressants@< img src="2013-475-3.jpg"> Which tricyclic antidepressant is specifically indicated for obsessive-compulsiv e disorder?@Clomipramine@Psychiatry Pharmacology Tricyclic_antidepressants@<img src="2013-475-3.jpg"> Why should tertiary tricyclic antidepressants (amitriptyline) be avoided in the elderly population? Which can be used instead?@The anticholinergic effects may l

ead to confusion and hallucinations; nortriptyline@Psychiatry Pharmacology Tricy clic_antidepressants@<img src="2013-475-3.jpg"> In Pavlov's classical conditioning experiment with dogs, ringing a bell provoked salivation. What is the learned/conditioned stimulus?@The bell@Psychiatry Psych ology Classical_conditioning@<img src="2013-458-1.jpg"> In Pavlov's classical conditioning experiment with dogs, ringing a bell provoked salivation. What is the unconditioned stimulus?@Food@Psychiatry Psychology Clas sical_conditioning@<img src="2013-458-1.jpg"> Name the principle: an existing stimulus/natural response relationship is used t o elicit a new learned response to the existing stimulus.@Classical conditioning @Psychiatry Psychology Classical_conditioning@<img src="2013-458-1.jpg"> You jump away from water in the shower when you hear a toilet flush. What type o f conditioning are you demonstrating?@Classical conditioning@Psychiatry Psycholo gy Classical_conditioning@<img src="2013-458-1.jpg"> A bank robber escapes with a large sum. Years later, he feels regretful and make s a donation to an orphanage. What ego defense is this?@Altruism@Psychiatry Psyc hology Ego_defences_(continued)@<img src="2013-459-1.jpg"> A man who gets fired for stealing items claims that the job was not important an yway. What ego defense is this? Is it mature or immature?@Rationalization; immat ure@Psychiatry Psychology Ego_defences_(continued)@<img src="2013-459-1.jpg"> A nervous ice skater who feels better by joking about her planned performance is using what mature ego defense?@Humor@Psychiatry Psychology Ego_defences_(contin ued)@<img src="2013-459-1.jpg"> A patient admitted to the hospital says that every male nurse is mean but that e very female nurse is kind. What ego defense is she using?@Splitting@Psychiatry P sychology Ego_defences_(continued)@<img src="2013-459-1.jpg"> As an ego defense, what is sublimation? Is it a mature or immature defense?@A pe rson replaces an unacceptable wish with a similar wish/action that is more accep table in terms of one's value system; mature @Psychiatry Psychology Ego_defences _(continued)@<img src="2013-459-1.jpg"> A student who chooses not to think about the SAT until a day before the exam is using what ego defense? Is it a mature or immature defense?@Suppression; mature@ Psychiatry Psychology Ego_defences_(continued)@<img src="2013-459-1.jpg"> A teenager does not remember that he was abused as a child. Is this repression o r suppression?@Repression@Psychiatry Psychology Ego_defences_(continued)@<img sr c="2013-459-1.jpg"> A teenager who is considering using heroin begins volunteering at a drug abuse p revention program instead. What ego defense is this?@Reaction formation@Psychiat ry Psychology Ego_defences_(continued)@<img src="2013-459-1.jpg"> Define the ego defense known as regression. Is it a mature or immature defense?@ Returning to an earlier stage of development to deal with the world; immature@Ps ychiatry Psychology Ego_defences_(continued)@<img src="2013-459-1.jpg"> Define the ego defense reaction formation. Is it a mature or immature defense?@A negative idea or feeling is replaced by adopting a behavior that is opposite to the original; immature@Psychiatry Psychology Ego_defences_(continued)@<img src= "2013-459-1.jpg"> Describe humor as an ego defense. Is it a mature or immature defense?@Humor diff uses the pressure of an anxiety-provoking situation by joking about it; mature@P sychiatry Psychology Ego_defences_(continued)@<img src="2013-459-1.jpg"> Describe the ego defense altruism. Is it considered mature or immature?@In altru ism, guilty feelings are relieved through the act of unsolicited generosity towa rds others; mature@Psychiatry Psychology Ego_defences_(continued)@<img src="2013 -459-1.jpg"> If someone uses logic and reason to defend something that they did for other rea sons, what ego defense is this? Is it mature or immature?@Rationalization; immat ure@Psychiatry Psychology Ego_defences_(continued)@<img src="2013-459-1.jpg"> In terms of voluntariness and maturity, how do repression and suppression differ ?@Repression: involuntary/immature; suppression: voluntary/mature@Psychiatry Psy chology Ego_defences_(continued)@<img src="2013-459-1.jpg"> The belief that at a given moment someone is either all good or all bad, as a me

ans of coping with ambiguity, is what ego defense?@Splitting@Psychiatry Psycholo gy Ego_defences_(continued)@<img src="2013-459-1.jpg"> What are the four mature ego defenses?@<b>S</b>ublimation, <b>A</b>ltruism, <b>S </b>uppression, and <b>H</b>umor (<b>mature</b> adults wear a <b>SASH</b>)@Psych iatry Psychology Ego_defences_(continued)@<img src="2013-459-1.jpg"> What mature ego defense is evoked when one voluntarily blocks an idea or feeling from his/her own awareness?@Suppression@Psychiatry Psychology Ego_defences_(con tinued)@<img src="2013-459-1.jpg"> What personality disorder is often associated with splitting?@Borderline persona lity disorder@Psychiatry Psychology Ego_defences_(continued)@<img src="2013-4591.jpg"> When a bully decides to stop bullying other kids and join the football team, wha t ego defense is he employing? Is it mature or immature?@Sublimation; mature@Psy chiatry Psychology Ego_defences_(continued)@<img src="2013-459-1.jpg"> A 16-year-old girl describes her sexual abuse by her father in detail, but shows no emotion. What ego defense is this? Mature or immature?@Isolation of affect; immature@Psychiatry Psychology Ego_defenses@<img src="2013-458-4.jpg"> A 30-year-old lawyer learns he has an incurable brain tumor. He carries on life as if nothing has happened. What ego defense is he using?@Denial@Psychiatry Psyc hology Ego_defenses@<img src="2013-458-4.jpg"> A brother who yells at his sister because he is bullied at school is using what immature ego defense?@Displacement@Psychiatry Psychology Ego_defenses@<img src=" 2013-458-4.jpg"> A group of adult lawyers have been obsessed with comic books ever since they can remember. Is this an example of regression or fixation?@Fixation; they never mo ved past the behavior so they never regressed back to it@Psychiatry Psychology E go_defenses@<img src="2013-458-4.jpg"> A man who desires his coworker thinks his wife is cheating on him. What ego defe nse is this? Is it mature or immature?@Projection; immature@Psychiatry Psycholog y Ego_defenses@<img src="2013-458-4.jpg"> An 18-year-old patient presents with bedwetting; he was previously continent. Is this an example of fixation or regression?@Regression, since he had previously reached a developmental milestone and then reverted@Psychiatry Psychology Ego_de fenses@<img src="2013-458-4.jpg"> A sexually abused child who tortures small animals is exhibiting what ego defens e? Is it a mature or immature ego defense?@Identification; immature@Psychiatry P sychology Ego_defenses@<img src="2013-458-4.jpg"> A six-year-old throws groceries out of the cart when his mother refuses him cand y. What ego defense is he using? Is it mature or immature?@Acting out (temper ta ntrum); immature@Psychiatry Psychology Ego_defenses@<img src="2013-458-4.jpg"> Define acting out as an ego defense. Is it a mature or immature defense?@An imma ture defense in which unacceptable feelings/thoughts become actions@Psychiatry P sychology Ego_defenses@<img src="2013-458-4.jpg"> Define displacement as an ego defense. Is it a mature or immature defense?@Negat ive feelings are targeted at an object or person unrelated to the inciting event ; immature@Psychiatry Psychology Ego_defenses@<img src="2013-458-4.jpg"> Define fixation as an ego defense. Is it a mature or immature defense?@An immatu re ego defense wherein a person partially remains at an immature level of develo pment@Psychiatry Psychology Ego_defenses@<img src="2013-458-4.jpg"> Define identification as an ego defense. Is it a mature or immature defense?@An immature ego defense characterized by emulating the behavior of a more powerful (but not necessarily admired) figure@Psychiatry Psychology Ego_defenses@<img src ="2013-458-4.jpg"> Define isolation of affect as an ego defense. Is it a mature or immature defense ?@An immature ego defense wherein memory of an unacceptable act is separated fro m the emotion associated with it@Psychiatry Psychology Ego_defenses@<img src="20 13-458-4.jpg"> Define projection as an ego defense. Is it mature or immature?@The attribution o f unacceptable feelings or beliefs to someone/something else; immature@Psychiatr y Psychology Ego_defenses@<img src="2013-458-4.jpg">

Describe dissociation as an ego defense. Is it an immature or mature defense?@Ma nifesting a drastic (but temporary) change in personality/memory/behavior to avo id emotional stress; immature@Psychiatry Psychology Ego_defenses@<img src="2013458-4.jpg"> Dissociative identity disorder (multiple personality disorder) is an extreme for m of what immature ego defense?@Dissociation@Psychiatry Psychology Ego_defenses@ <img src="2013-458-4.jpg"> If a man ignores the existence of a painful reality, what ego defense is he empl oying? Is it immature or mature?@Denial; immature@Psychiatry Psychology Ego_defe nses@<img src="2013-458-4.jpg"> What is an ego defense?@A mental process unconsciously used by the mind to resol ve conflict and prevent unpleasant feelings, e.g., anxiety and depression@Psychi atry Psychology Ego_defenses@<img src="2013-458-4.jpg"> A mouse presses a button 40 times and gets food each time. The food runs out so the mouse stops pressing the button. What is this called?@Extinction, in which r emoval of positive reinforcement leads to cessation of behavior@Psychiatry Psych ology Operant_conditioning@<img src="2013-458-2.jpg"> A mouse that presses a button to get rewarded with food is learning by what type of reinforcement?@Positive reinforcement@Psychiatry Psychology Operant_conditio ning@<img src="2013-458-2.jpg"> How do punishment and negative reinforcement differ in operant conditioning?@Ave rsive stimuli preventing behavior is punishment; aversive stimuli eliciting beha vior (to avoid the stimulus) is negative reinforcement@Psychiatry Psychology Ope rant_conditioning@<img src="2013-458-2.jpg"> Negative reinforcement or punishment? (A) Mouse presses button to avoid shock. ( B) Mouse does not press button to avoid shock.@(A) negative reinforcement; (B) p unishment@Psychiatry Psychology Operant_conditioning@<img src="2013-458-2.jpg"> What is operant conditioning?@A learning method in which actions are adopted int o one's repertoire because of receipt of reward upon completing the action@Psych iatry Psychology Operant_conditioning@<img src="2013-458-2.jpg"> A patient is hostile toward her female psychiatrist. History reveals a tumultuou s past with her mother. What term describes this behavior?@Transference@Psychiat ry Psychology Transference_and_countertransference@<img src="2013-458-3.jpg"> A psychiatrist gets angry at a patient who abuses cats. The psychiatrist had a f ather who also tortured cats. What term describes this anger?@Countertransferenc e@Psychiatry Psychology Transference_and_countertransference@<img src="2013-4583.jpg">