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Chapter 1
Factorisations of Algebraic Terms
Standard Competence:
4. Understand and doing the operation of algebraic ,function, linear equation, linear equation
system and using it in problems solving.
Base Competence:
4.1. Solving the operation of algebraic terms.
4.2. Determining the factors of algebraic expressions.
4.3. Solving the operation of algebraic fractions.
Indicators:
a. Explaining the definition of coefficient, variable constant, one term, two terms and three terms
in the same variable or not.
b. Solving the operation of addition, subtraction, multiplication and the power of one term or
two terms.
c. Solving the operation of division by the like terms or unlike terms.
d. Factorizing the terms of algebraic to three terms.
e. Simplifying the algebraic expressions.
f. Solving the power of constant and terms.
g. Solving the operation of addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and the power of
algebraic fractions with the denominator one term or two terms.
We can write : 6b – 3a – 2b – 5a - 5
Note: 6 is coefficient of b,
3 is coefficient of a,
-2 is coefficient of b
a and b is variables
5 is constant
6b and -2b are like terms
6b and - 3a are unlike terms
The algebraic expression can be simplified if only have the like terms.
Example:
Simplify : 3x + 7y –11x + 5y = 3x – 11x + 7y + 5y ( Grouping the like terms )
= - 8x + 12y
TASK 1
1. Simplify : 2 mangoes + 4 apples – 5 mangoes + 3 apples + Rp5,000
= …….. - ………. + ………+ ……… + ……….
= …………………
3. Subtract 5x + 7 of 3(6x + 8)
= ………….. - .………….
= …………………………
= …………………………
TASK 2
1. Find the number of terms in the following algebraic expressions
a. 3x + 5y – 7 d. 4xy + 7x – 5y + 8
b. 5p2 – 8p + 3 e. 2x2y – x
c. 5x –2 f. –2m + 7n – 4
3. Simplify :
a. 3m + 7n – 10m + 5 b. 2x + 11x – 5x – 7x
AL. Kristiyanto : SMPN 21 Semarang
Chapter 1 3
Factorisation of Algebraic Terms
5. Subtract :
a. 5x – 8 of 7x + 10 c. 2x + 12 of 15x – 5
b. 5(2x + 2) of -2x + 1 d. 4m + 3 by 2(5x – 1)
TASK 3
1. Expand :
a. 3(2x + 5y ) = …… + …… (distributive property)
b. –3k(5kl + 4) = …… ……
= ………………………………
2
5. (4m + 7) = …… + ……+ …… + ….…
= …………………………….
Special Product :
(a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2
(a – b)2 = a2 – 2ab + b2
(a + b)(a – b) = a2 – b2
The power of one term can use the properties of the power / indices.
ab c)2 == a ac 2bbc 2
((ab)
then, the power of two terms and three terms and the next can use the Pascal`s Triangle
for finding its coefficient
1
1 1
12 1 second power…..(a +b) 2 = a2 + 2ab + b2
1 3 3 1 3-th power…… (a – b) 3 = a3 - 3a2b + 3ab2 + b3
1 4 6 4 1 4-th power
1 5 10 10 5 1
TASK 4
Expand :
1. (2x + 3) 3 = …….. + ………. + ……… + ………
= …….. + ………. + ……… + ………
= ……... + ……… + ……… + ………
TASK 5
1. State as addition of terms :
a. (x +2)(x – 4) d. 2p(4p – 3)(p + 5 )
b. (x + 7)(2x – 8) e. 4k(2k + 7m – 11)
c. (2m – 5)(3m + 7) f (2n + 4)(4n – 5m + 6)
3. Find the area of rectangle ( in x, y or y), if its length and width are :
a. (3x + 7) cm and 2x cm c. 5z cm and (4z – 2) cm
b. (2y – 3) cm and (2y + 3) cm d. (2x – y) cm and (2x + 8) cm
5. Simplify :
a.16a2b : 12ab2 d. 32m2n X 3m4n2
AL. Kristiyanto : SMPN 21 Semarang
Chapter 1 5
Factorisation of Algebraic Terms
B. FACTORISATIONS.
When a number or an expression is the product of two or more numbers on expression, then
each of latter is called Its factors
Example :
15 = 5X3 then 5 and 3 are factors of 15
x2 – 4 = (x – 2)(x + 2) then (x – 2) and (x + 2) are factors of x2 – 4
1. Form 1
ab + ac = a(b + c)
ab – ac = a(b – c)
2. Form 2. a2 – b2 = (a –b)(a + b)
3. Form 3
ax2 + bx + c , a = 1
x2 + bx + c = (x +p)(x +q) Note : p . q = c
p+ q = b
Example :
Factorize : x2 + 7x + 12
Solution :
x2 + 7x + 12 = (x + … )(x + … ) 12 = 1 x 12
= (x + 3)(x + 4) = 2x6
= 3x4
3+4 = 7
4. Form 4
ax2 + bx + c , a ≠ 1
(ax + p)(ax + q)
ax2 + bx + c = Note : p . q = a . c
a
p+ q = b
Example :
TASK 6
1. Factorize : 4. Factorize :
a. 4x2 + 10x = ……………… a. 8m2 - 14m + 4 = ……………….
b. 12m2n – 15mn = ……………… b. 2q2 + 11q + 24 = ……………….
2. Factorize : 5. Factorize :
a. 4x2 – 25 = ……………… a. d2 + 4d – 21 = ……………….
b. 8p2 – 98 = ……………… b. 4k2 –13k + 6 = ……………….
3. Factorize :
a. x2 + 3x – 10 = ………………
b. p2 – 2p – 15 = ………………
TASK 7
1. Factorize :
a. 15x2 + 20 d. 38xy2 + 98x2y
b. 16m2n – 4m e. 4p(2x – 5) + p(2x – 5)
c. 20k2 – 4km + 14m f. 2(3x – 7) - (3x – 7)
2. Factorize :
a. x2 – 25y2 d. 9 – 25n2
b. 4m2 – (m+3) 2 e. x2 –16
c. 16k2 – 25 f. 8x2 – 162
3. Factorize :
a. x2 + 7x + 10 h. x2 + 3x – 4
b. x2 + 2x + 1 i. 60 – 7y – y2
c. p2 – 6p – 7 j. y2 + 9y + 14
d. q2 – q – 20 k. a2 – 10a + 25
e. m2 + 10m – 75 l. x2 + 12x + 36
f. m2 – 2.4m + 1.44 m. 21 + 4x – x2
g. k2 – 18k + 81 n. a2 – 3a – 28
4. Factorize :
a. 4m2 + 27m – 7 e. 8a2 + 10a – 3
b. 2x2 – 13x + 15 f. 2x2 – x - 3
c. 6p2 + 13p + 6 g. 36m2 – 13mn + n2
d. 9k2 – 6k + 1 h. 12- 43x + 10x2
5. Factorize :
a. x4 – 4y4 e. x3 – y3
b. x2 – (x – 2) 2 f. x3 + 27
c. 4m2n + 28mn2 g. 8k2 – 19k - 25
AL. Kristiyanto : SMPN 21 Semarang
Chapter 1 7
Factorisation of Algebraic Terms
d. x2 – 9x – 36 e. 21 + 11x – 2x2
C. ALGEBRAIC FRACTION
Example :
x + 5 2x − 1
1. Simplify : +
3 2
Solution :
x + 5 2 x − 1 2 ( x + 5) 3 (2 x − 1)
+ = . + . (make the same denominators )
3 2 2 3 3 2
2 x + 10 6 x − 3
= +
6 6
8x + 3
=
6
TASK 8
4 x + 10
1. Simplify : = ………….
8
= ………….
2 1
2. Simplify : − = …………. - ……………
2x − 1 x + 3
= ………….. - ……………
= ………….. - ……………
= ………….. - ……………
4 x 2 − 20 x + 25
3. Simplify : = ………………….
5 − 2x
= ………………….
= ………………….
3 x 2 + 10 x − 8
4. Simplify : = ………………….
6 x 2 − 13 x + 6
= …………………
AL. Kristiyanto : SMPN 21 Semarang
Chapter 1 8
Factorisation of Algebraic Terms
= …………………
2x − 4
5. Simplify : 3 + x + = …………………
2x − 2
= …………………
= …………………
TASK 9
Simplify :
5 x − 15 y 2a − 2b
1. 2.
2x − 6 y b−a
4 w2 − 25 a 2bc + ab 2c − abc 2
3. 4.
5 − 2w 4abc
5 x − 15 3 x + 12 x + 4
5. 6. :
x2 − 9 10 x 5x
P 4 − 16 x +1 x + 3
7. 8. −
( x + 2)( x − 2) x+2 x+4
1 1
+
4 3 x y
9. − 10.
x + 3 x +1 x y
−
y x
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