f

0
FOR PLASTIC BENDING CALCULATION METHOD
(FOR COZZONE METHOD)
TOSHIHIRO TANABE
"Cozzone method" is very useful method for plastic bending analysis. But
material properties f0 is not shown in MMPDS or other material properties
data. Some material f0 stress is shown in ANALYSIS & DESIGN of FLIGHT
VEHICLE STRUCTURES by Bruhn. But new material has not in there. Therefore,
we have to know how to get f0 stress for new materials.
This report is shown f0 stress calculate equation and how to create that
equation.
f0 calculation equation:
1
1
]
1

+
+
+
+
+
,
_

3 1 n 2
n
E
f
2 n
1 n
E
f
3
1 f 6
f
2
2 m
2
m
2
m
0

Hence
fm: Maximum stress. (Ultimate: fm = Ftu, Limit: fm = Fty or Fcy)
: Maximum strain at maximum stress.
(Ultimate: elongation from MMPDS, Limit: 002 . 0
E
f
m
+ )
: Inelastic or plastic strain response.
(Ultimate:
E
f
elongation
m
, Limit: 0.002)
E: Modulus of elasticity (from MMPDS)
n: Ramberg-Osgood number. (from MMPDS)
Reference
1) ANALYSIS & DESIGN of FLIGHT VEHICLE STRUCTURES; Bruhn
2) MMPDS (Metallic Materials Properties Development and Standardization)
3) Bending Strength in Plastic Range. By F.P.Cozzone, J.Aeronautical
Sci., May, 1943
4) NACA-TN-902; DESCRIPTION OF STRESS-STRAIN CURVES BY THREE
PARAMETERS BY Walter Ramberg and William R. Osgood
How to create f0 equation
The Cozzone method is replaces the true bending variation curve by a
trapezoidal stress variation. The stress f0 is fictions stress which is assumed
exist at the neutral axis or at zero strain. The value of f0 is determined by
making the requirement that the internal moment of the true stress variation
must equal the moment of the assumed trapezoidal stress variation.
Equation f0 strain
n
m
f
f
E
f

,
_

+ EQ. (1)
( )

0
0 m 0
d f
3
2
2
f f
2
f
(Rectangle area moment) (Triangle area moment)
( )

0
2
0 m
2
0
d f
3
f f
2
f
EQ. (2)
From equation (1)
( )
n
m
1 n
f
f n
E
1
df
d


+

( )
df
f
f n
E
1
d
n
m
1 n

,
_

Therefore
df
f
f n
E
f
d f
n
m
n

,
_

EQ. (3)
From equation (1) & (3)

F
MAX
= f
m
F
MAX
= f
m
N.A.

f
m
f
m
N.A.
f
0
f
0

f
m
f
0
0

3
2
2

df
f
f
n
E
f
f
f
E
f
d f
n
m
n
m
1
1
]
1

,
_

+
1
1
]
1

,
_

+
EQ. (4)
From equation (3)
( )
( )
( ) ( )
m
2
2
m
2
3
m
f
0
n 2
m
1 n 2
2
n
m
2 n
2
3
f
0
n 2
m
2
m
1 n
2
f
0
n
m
n
m
0
f
1 n 2
n
E
f
2 n
1 n
E
f
3
1
f
f
1 n 2
n
f E
f
2 n
1 n
E
f
3
1
df
f
f
n
f E
f 1 n
E
f
df
f
f
n
E
f
f
f
E
f
d f
m
m
m u

+
+
+
+
+
1
1
]
1

+
+

+
+
+
1
1
]
1

,
_

+
+
,
_

1
1
]
1

,
_

+
1
1
]
1

,
_

+
+ +
+

EQ. (5)
From equations (2) & (5)
( )
m
2 m
m
2
m
m
2
0 m
2
0
f
1 n 2
n
E
f
f
2 n
1 n
E
f
f
3
1
3
f f
2
f

+
+
+
+
+
,
_

1
1
]
1

+
+

+
+
+
,
_

+
2
m
2
m
m
2
m
2
0
1 n 2
n
E
f
2 n
1 n
E
f
3
1
f
3
f
6
f

Therefore
1
1
]
1

+
+
+
+
+
,
_

3 1 n 2
n
E
f
2 n
1 n
E
f
3
1 f 6
f
2
2 m
2
m
2
m
0

Equation check result

Comparison of Reference(1) f0 values and equation results.
Ref.(1)
Fig No
Material Thickness
in
Ftu
ksi
Fty E 10
3
ksi
e
%
f0u
ksi
f0y
ksi
Calc. value
f0u
ksi
f0y
ksi
C3.9 2024-T3C SHT 0.01~0.062 59 39 9.5 15 50 18 50 16
C3.11 2024-T4C PLT 0.25~0.50 62 40 10.0 15 55 20 52 17
C3.13 2024-T3 SHT ~0.25 64 42 10.5 15 53 23 54 18
C3.15 7075-T6C SHT ~0.39 70 60 10.0 5 64 24 62 22
C3.17 7075-T6 EXT ~0.25 75 65 10.4 7 70 29 68 24
C3.16 7075-T6 SHT ~0.039 76 65 10.3 7 70 24 69 24
Calculated values are almost same as Reference 1) f0 values.