CAC Why we need CAC?

+ WCDMA is an interference limited system, after a new call is admitted, the system load will be increased. + If a cell is high loaded, a new call will cause ongoing user dropped + We must keep the coverage planned by the Radio Network Planning Flow chart

The admission decision is based on: Cell available code resource: managed in RNC Cell available power resource, that is DL/UL load : measured in NodeB NodeB resource state, that is, NodeB credits : managed in RNC Available Iub transport layer resource, that is, Iub transmission bandwidth: managed in RNC HSPA user number (only for HSPA service)

Admission control Switches can be set on RNC LMT: Except the mandatory code and Iub resource admission control, the admission control based on power and NodeB credit,HSDPA User Number can be disabled through the LMT command:

Power CAC switched off command ADD CELLALGOSWITCH / MOD CELLALGOSWITCH Uplink CAC algorithm switch (NBMULCACALGOSELSWITCH ) specifies the algorithm used for power admission in the uplink. Downlink CAC algorithm switch (NBMDLCACALGOSELSWITCH )specifies the algorithm used for power admission in the downlink.

NodeB Credit CAC switched off command SET CACALGOSWITCH or ADD CELLALGOSWITCH / MOD CELLALGOSWITCH

CAC algorithm switch (CacSwitch)specifies the NodeB level credit CAC algorithm Cell CAC algorithm switch (CRD_ADCTRL)specifies the Cell level credit CAC algorithm

HSDPA user number CAC switched off command ADD CELLALGOSWITCH / MOD CELLALGOSWITCH HSDPA_UU_ADCTRL specifies whether to enable or disable the HSDPA admission control algorithm.

HSUPA user number CAC switched off command ADD CELLALGOSWITCH / MOD CELLALGOSWITCH HSUPA_UU_ADCTRL specifies whether to enable or disable the HSUPA admission control Algorithm CAC Based on Code Resource When a new service attempts to access the network, code resource admission is mandatory.

1.For RRC connection setup requests, the code resource admission is successful if the current remaining code resource is enough for the RRC connection. 2.For handover services, the code resource admission is successful if the current remaining code resource is enough for the service. 3.For other R99 services, the RNC has to ensure that the remaining code does not exceed the configurable threshold after admission of the new service. 4.For HSDPA services, the reserved codes are shared by all HSDPA services. Therefore, the code resource admission is not needed. So the RRC connection setup and Handover has higher priority to access a cell CAC Based on Power Resource z UL and DL Power Resource CAC functions in: R99 cell RRC connection setup / R99 RAB setup / Handover HSPA cell RRC connection / R99 RAB setup / HSPA RAB setup / Handover

The UL CAC and DL CAC are independent . The basic principle of Power CAC is: RNC predict the cell power load after the access. If the load will be higher than a threshold, the admission is failed. So, by setting different threshold for different access, we canrealize different priorities.

Huawei provide 3 Power CAC Algorithms Algorithm 1: based on power or interference. Depending on the current cell load (uplink load factor and downlink transmitted carrier power) and the access request, the RNC determines whether the cell load will exceed the threshold upon admitting a new call. If yes, the RNC rejects the request. If not, the RNC accepts the request. Basic principle of Uplink CAC Algorithm 1

Pn is uplink receive background noise. The procedure for uplink power resource decision is as follows: 1.RNC o c RTWP ca cell v tnh ton h s ti uplink 2.RNC tnh ton s tng trng cua ti uplink da vo dch v yu cu 3.RNC da vo cng thc d on ti uplink lc sau . 4.So snh vi gi tri ngng v a ra quyt nh cho php hay t chi

Basic principle of Downlink CAC Algorithm1

1.RNC o c downlink TCP ca cell v tnh ton h s ti downlink

2.RNC tnh ton s tng trng ca ti downlink da vo dch v yu cu v ti hin ti 3.RNC da vo cng thc d on ti downlink lc sau . 4.So snh vi gi tri ngng v a ra quyt nh cho php hay t chi

Algorithm 2: based on the number of equivalent users. Based on Huawei testing and experience, The 12.2 kbit/sAMR traffic is used to calculate the Equivalent Number of Users (ENU) of all other services in UL and DL.The 12.2 kbit/sAMR traffic's ENU is assumed to be 1 Depending on the current number of equivalent users and the access request in UL and DL, the RNC determines whether the number of equivalent users will exceed the threshold upon admitting a new call. If yes, the RNC rejects the request. If not, the RNC accepts the request.

The procedure for ENU resource decision is as follows: 1.The RNC obtains the total ENU of all exist users ENUtotal. 2.The RNC get the ENU of the new incoming user ENUnew. 3.The RNC forecast the ENU load. 4.By comparing the forecasted ENU load with the corresponding threshold (the same threshold as power resource), the RNC decides whether to accept the access request or not. The ENUmax can be set by LMT, the ENUnewand ENU is determined by Huawei algorithm, there is an example in next slide. Text Box: Power CAC for RRC connection Setup

For the RRC connection request is, tolerance principles are applied : + With Emergency call, Detach , Registration Direct Admission

+ With other reasons UL/ DL OLC Trigger threshold Admission By default, the OLC trigger threshold is relatively high (DL/UL 95%) to make the RRC connections are easily setup + UL Power CAC for R99 Cell (Algorithm1) +For R99 DCH RAB Setup, The RNC uses the formula to predict the uplink load factor :

Where the By comparing the with the corresponding threshold , the RNC decides whether to accept the access request or not The threshold for ConvAMR service , Convnon_AMRservice , Other R99 services , Handover are set independently, which provide different priorities.( mi mt loi service c 1 ngng CAC ring ) Normally, Other R99 services < Convnon_AMRservice < ConvAMR service < Handover The uplink load increment UL is determined by : 1.The Eb/No of the new incoming call 2.The uplink load increment is proportional to the value of Eb/No. 3.UL neighbor interference factor 4.Active Factor of the new incoming call + DL Power CAC for R99 Cell (Algorithm1) For R99 DCH RAB Setup, The RNC uses the formula to predict the downlink load factor :

Where the

z By comparing with the corresponding threshold ,the RNC decides whether to accept the access request or not The threshold for ConvAMR service , Convnon_AMRservice , Other R99 services , Handover are set independently, which provide different priorities. Normally, Other R99 services < Convnon_AMRservice < ConvAMR service < Handover The downlink load increment DL is determined by : 1.The Eb/No of the new incoming call 2.Non-orthogonality factor 3.Current transmission carrier power

3.Current transmission carrier power 4.Active Factor of the new incoming call

Algorithm 3: based on power or interference, but with the estimated load increment always set to 0.Depending on the current cell load (uplink load factor and downlink TCP) and the access request, the RNC determines whether the cell load will exceed the threshold, with the estimated load increment set to 0. If yes, the RNC rejects the request. If not, the RNC accepts the request. CAC Why we need CAC? + WCDMA is an interference limited system, after a new call is admitted, the system load will be increased. + If a cell is high loaded, a new call will cause ongoing user dropped + We must keep the coverage planned by the Radio Network Planning Flow chart

The admission decision is based on: Cell available code resource: managed in RNC Cell available power resource, that is DL/UL load : measured in NodeB NodeB resource state, that is, NodeB credits : managed in RNC Available Iub transport layer resource, that is, Iub transmission bandwidth: managed in RNC HSPA user number (only for HSPA service)

Admission control Switches can be set on RNC LMT: Except the mandatory code and Iub resource admission control, the admission control based on power and NodeB credit,HSDPA User Number can be disabled through the LMT command:

Power CAC switched off command ADD CELLALGOSWITCH / MOD CELLALGOSWITCH Uplink CAC algorithm switch (NBMULCACALGOSELSWITCH ) specifies the algorithm used for power admission in the uplink. Downlink CAC algorithm switch (NBMDLCACALGOSELSWITCH )specifies the algorithm used for power admission in the downlink.

NodeB Credit CAC switched off command SET CACALGOSWITCH or ADD CELLALGOSWITCH / MOD CELLALGOSWITCH

CAC algorithm switch (CacSwitch)specifies the NodeB level credit CAC algorithm Cell CAC algorithm switch (CRD_ADCTRL)specifies the Cell level credit CAC algorithm

HSDPA user number CAC switched off command ADD CELLALGOSWITCH / MOD CELLALGOSWITCH HSDPA_UU_ADCTRL specifies whether to enable or disable the HSDPA admission control algorithm.

HSUPA user number CAC switched off command ADD CELLALGOSWITCH / MOD CELLALGOSWITCH HSUPA_UU_ADCTRL specifies whether to enable or disable the HSUPA admission control Algorithm CAC Based on Code Resource When a new service attempts to access the network, code resource admission is mandatory. 1.For RRC connection setup requests, the code resource admission is successful if the current remaining code resource is enough for the RRC connection. 2.For handover services, the code resource admission is successful if the current remaining code resource is enough for the service. 3.For other R99 services, the RNC has to ensure that the remaining code does not exceed the configurable threshold after admission of the new service. 4.For HSDPA services, the reserved codes are shared by all HSDPA services. Therefore, the code resource admission is not needed.

So the RRC connection setup and Handover has higher priority to access a cell CAC Based on Power Resource z UL and DL Power Resource CAC functions in: R99 cell RRC connection setup / R99 RAB setup / Handover HSPA cell RRC connection / R99 RAB setup / HSPA RAB setup / Handover

The UL CAC and DL CAC are independent . The basic principle of Power CAC is: RNC predict the cell power load after the access. If the load will be higher than a threshold, the admission is failed. So, by setting different threshold for different access, we canrealize different priorities.

Huawei provide 3 Power CAC Algorithms Algorithm 1: based on power or interference. Depending on the current cell load (uplink load factor and downlink transmitted carrier power) and the access request, the RNC determines whether the cell load will exceed the threshold upon admitting a new call. If yes, the RNC rejects the request. If not, the RNC accepts the request. Basic principle of Uplink CAC Algorithm 1

Pn is uplink receive background noise. The procedure for uplink power resource decision is as follows:

1.RNC o c RTWP ca cell v tnh ton h s ti uplink 2.RNC tnh ton s tng trng cua ti uplink da vo dch v yu cu 3.RNC da vo cng thc d on ti uplink lc sau . 4.So snh vi gi tri ngng v a ra quyt nh cho php hay t chi

Basic principle of Downlink CAC Algorithm1

1.RNC o c downlink TCP ca cell v tnh ton h s ti downlink 2.RNC tnh ton s tng trng ca ti downlink da vo dch v yu cu v ti hin ti 3.RNC da vo cng thc d on ti downlink lc sau . 4.So snh vi gi tri ngng v a ra quyt nh cho php hay t chi

Algorithm 2: based on the number of equivalent users. Based on Huawei testing and experience, The 12.2 kbit/sAMR traffic is used to calculate the Equivalent Number of Users (ENU) of all other services in UL and DL.The 12.2 kbit/sAMR traffic's ENU is assumed to be 1 Depending on the current number of equivalent users and the access request in UL and DL, the RNC determines whether the number of equivalent users will exceed the threshold upon admitting a new call. If yes, the RNC rejects the request. If not, the RNC accepts the request.

The procedure for ENU resource decision is as follows: 1.The RNC obtains the total ENU of all exist users ENUtotal. 2.The RNC get the ENU of the new incoming user ENUnew. 3.The RNC forecast the ENU load. 4.By comparing the forecasted ENU load with the corresponding threshold (the same threshold as power resource), the RNC decides whether to accept the access request or not. The ENUmax can be set by LMT, the ENUnewand ENU is determined by Huawei algorithm, there is an example in next slide. Text Box: Power CAC for RRC connection Setup

For the RRC connection request is, tolerance principles are applied : + With Emergency call, Detach , Registration Direct Admission + With other reasons UL/ DL OLC Trigger threshold Admission By default, the OLC trigger threshold is relatively high (DL/UL 95%) to make the RRC connections are easily setup + UL Power CAC for R99 Cell (Algorithm1) +For R99 DCH RAB Setup, The RNC uses the formula to predict the uplink load factor :

Where the By comparing the with the corresponding threshold , the RNC decides whether to accept the access request or not

The threshold for ConvAMR service , Convnon_AMRservice , Other R99 services , Handover are set independently, which provide different priorities.( mi mt loi service c 1 ngng CAC ring ) Normally, Other R99 services < Convnon_AMRservice < ConvAMR service < Handover The uplink load increment UL is determined by : 1.The Eb/No of the new incoming call 2.The uplink load increment is proportional to the value of Eb/No. 3.UL neighbor interference factor 4.Active Factor of the new incoming call + DL Power CAC for R99 Cell (Algorithm1) For R99 DCH RAB Setup, The RNC uses the formula to predict the downlink load factor :

Where the

z By comparing with the corresponding threshold ,the RNC decides whether to accept the access request or not The threshold for ConvAMR service , Convnon_AMRservice , Other R99 services , Handover are set independently, which provide different priorities. Normally, Other R99 services < Convnon_AMRservice < ConvAMR service < Handover The downlink load increment DL is determined by : 1.The Eb/No of the new incoming call 2.Non-orthogonality factor 3.Current transmission carrier power 4.Active Factor of the new incoming call

Algorithm 3: based on power or interference, but with the estimated load increment always set to 0.Depending on the current cell load (uplink load factor and downlink TCP) and the access request, the RNC determines whether the cell load will exceed the threshold, with the estimated load increment set to 0. If yes, the RNC rejects the request. If not, the RNC accepts the request.aaa