CHAPTER I THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE INTRODUCTION

Rationale of the Study The fact that the Philippines is a country composed of islands makes travel difficult without water or air transportation. Land travel is limited only to islands connected by bridges. Since travel costs are relatively higher by air, sea transportation is the only alternative, and of course, cheaper in terms of cost. Given these facts, ships are needed to facilitate long-distance market transactions and interisland connectivity, especially around the main islands of Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao. According to Landa, in his book on Filipino Prehistory: Rediscovering Precolonial Heritage (2001) During ancient times, seaports never existed in the Philippines and that made any local or foreign boats dock anywhere around the island. Foreign navigators had reached the island in a way that was very inconvenient. As trade and commerce progressed, the country saw the need of sea ports. This brought about the creation of the Philippine Port Authority.

In this case the Philippine Port Authority was created through Presidential Decree 505, otherwise known as

the Philippine Port Authority Decree of 1974 issued on July 11, 1974. Under the said decree, PPA is given the general jurisdiction and control over all persons, groups and entities already existing or those still being proposed to be established within the different port districts throughout the country. Furthermore, the guidelines set by PD No. 857, so as to the performance of PPA as a administrative body of all the ports in the country is below balance as manifested by insufficient and unresponsive port facilities, inefficient service delivery and declining revenues. That is to say this bill proposes to strengthen the PPA by emphasizing its mandate as the National Port Planning Body as well as endowing the equivalent with additional powers that will beef up its capacity to develop the ports system. It likewise proposes to ensure a more systematic management of the ports system in the Philippines through the formulation and

implementation of a National Ports Development Plan, which shall be responsive to the needs of regional trade and economic development, compatible with the national intermodal and

multimodal transport network

Furthermore, given the above-stated provisions, the PPA is also tasked to provide better port facilities and services reflective of International Standards. With this intention, the Passenger Terminal played a vital role since the main mode of transportation was the boat or ship. As a result more people travelled by boat. This led to concerns about safety and comfort of the passengers who took the ferry boats to travel from island to island within the country. The government came to address the necessity of better service by way of the Passenger Terminal to ensure the safety, comfort and convenience of ferry boat passengers through provision of clean toilets, communication facilities, seats at the waiting area, food, water and such other necessities of travelers. For this reason, the researchers opted to take a scrutinizing study on the passenger terminal at the port of Tubigon, Bohol, which is an alternative entry point of travelers from nearby islands in the country. This study will focus on how the terminal in Tubigon is being handled by its management as well as the services offered to its customers.

Theoretical Background The development of an establishment, whether profitable or non-profitable, needs objectives and goals. The goals and objectives can be formulated through the appropriate use of productivity and resources (can be man or materials). Of the two types of resources, the human factor is more important than the material factor because, according to William Tracey, in his book on The Human Resources Glossary: The Complete Desk Reference For HR Executives, Managers and Practitioners (1997), The people that staff and operate an organization as contrasted with the financial and material resources of an organization. The organizational function that deals with the effective way to get the result in any ahead

people because the

organization is to work with people rather than thinking

about the material resources which human resources evolved from personnel as the field moved beyond paying and managing employee benefits. The people are the organization most important resource. People are an asset that must be hired, Satisfied, developed, and retained properly. (77) In the Hierarchy of Needs by Maslow (1943), the hierarchy is most often displayed as a pyramid. The lowest levels of the pyramid are made up of the most basic needs, while the more complex needs are located at the top of the pyramid. Needs at the

bottom of the pyramid are basic physical requirements including the need for food, water, sleep, and warmth. Once these lower-level needs have been met, people can move on to the next level of needs, which are for safety and security. When the employees are aware or conscious with these needs and when organization satisfies these needs, the employee attains a sense of well being and self willingness to accomplish their work for the organization. Management and employee must see to it that purpose, objectives and methods of attaining a goal must be clearly understood. If group effort is effective the management and employee must know what they are expected to accomplish. This would be the function of planning. Planning is the basic function in management. It involves selecting alternatives for the future actions. As Goetz (1989) said, planning is fundamentally choosing and a planning problem arises only when an alternative course of action is discovered. Planning is deciding in advance what to do, how to do it, when to do it and who is to do it. Planning bridges the gap from where they are today and where they want to be in the future. The essential nature of planning can be highlighted by the four major aspects of planning: contributes to purpose and

objectives; primacy of planning; pervasiveness of planning and efficiency of plans. The purpose of every plan and all derivative plans is to facilitate the accomplishment of the organizations purpose and objectives. Since managerial operations in organizing, staffing, directing, leading and controlling are designed to support the accomplishment of organizational objectives, planning logically precedes the execution of all other managerial functions (Koontz, 1989). When planning, you need also to control your employment. Planning and controlling are like brothers in the function of management. For control involves keeping activities on line by correcting misleading of plans. Organizing is aimed essentially at developing an intentional structure of rules for effective performance, a network of decision communicating centers from which to secure coordination of individual effort towards group goals. An organization structure is effective if it facilitates the contribution of individuality in the attainment of objectives. An organization is efficient if it is structured to aid in the accomplishment of organization objectives in the attainment of its objectives (Sison, 1985) Wherein, the harmonization of human, physical and financial resources takes place. All the three resources are

important to get results. Therefore, organizational function helps in achievement of results which in fact is important for the functioning of a concern. According to Chester Barnard (1938) Organizing is a function by which the concern is able to define the role positions, the jobs related and the co- ordination between authority and responsibility. Hence, a manager always has to organize in order to get results, (44) Directing provides a means of putting plans into action through effective supervision, work rules and procedures. The technique of good communication is utilized in carrying out the task of directing. If workers know their duties and responsibilities, they can work with greater efficiency and accomplish more. ( Sison, 1991 ) The management is to control and supervise the actions of the staff. To let them know their duties and responsibility. This also enables them to give assistance to the employees by guiding them in the right direction, to achieve the company's goals and also accomplish their personal or career goals, which can be powered by motivation, communication. Staffing involves filling and keeping filled the positions provided by the organization structure. This is done by recruiting, selecting, placing, promoting, appraising, planning the careers of and training workers (Koontz, 2007)

THE PROBLEM Statement of the Problem

This study aims to appraise the management and services of Passenger Terminal at the port of Tubigon, Bohol. Specifically, it seeks to answer the questions 1. What is the status of the terminal in terms of the following? 1.1 Number of Passenger 1.2 Staff 1.3 Facilities 1.3.1 Securities 2. How the port management handle the terminal in terms of the following: 3.1 Controlling 3.2 Directing 3.3 Organizing 3.4 Planning, and 3.5 Staffing

Significance of the Study

This study is a fact finding study and the results can be considered helpful and useful to people or entities concerned.

To the Official of Philippine Port Authority, this would serve as a analysis of the management and basis for improvement of other terminal buildings. To the Staff, the findings serve as a challenge of their growth an development in the organization. To the General Public, this study can benefit them for they are the recipients of the proposed measures that can be considered. To the Future Researchers, this study would serve as another reference should they make a related study in the future.

METHODOLOGY

Research Methodology

The study that will use quantitative method approach since the researchers will be on gathering numerical data and generalizing it across groups of passengers.

Research Environment

The study will be conducted at the port of Tubigon Bohol. This town is located at the northern part of the province and where the Passenger Terminal is located. It could easily be reached if one takes a fast craft from Cebu. It takes about 1 hour and 15 minutes to reach the port of Tubigon. It is the nearest seaport in Bohol to Cebu. It has a good port of entry where ferry boats are plying daily from Cebu and back carrying passengers and cargoes. The terminal plays an important role in providing facilities and services to the passengers from different places in the province of Bohol and the neighboring islands in the Visayas and Mindanao.

Figure 1. Map of Bohol

Research Respondents

The study will have 2 types of respondents namely the personnel of the terminal and the passengers. The personnel of the terminal will answer the questions on the status of facilities and management of the terminal while the passengers will answer the questions on the status of facilities/service and the frequency on their usage of the terminal. There will be ______ passengers drawn from systematic random sampling. Where the gender of the

respondents is not considered. This process will be done until ____ passengers were achieved .On the personnel survey, simple random sampling that will be used on the ____ personnel. This include people working in the offices and those in charge of the collection of terminal fees except the casual , janitors and laborers working in the

terminal=========================================== ==>LETTER ==>Statistician ( PILA man ato estimate respondents

Research Procedure In selecting the personnel of the terminal, random sampling will be used. ______ Personnel will be requested to

answer the questions. In choosing the passenger respondents only One hundred fifty(150) respondents will be made to answer the questionnaire. This 150 will be selected using a random sampling.

Research Instrument

The main instrument used in this study is the questionnaire. This will be used in order to get the actual and informations about the ___ , ____ , ___ ( Statement of the problem) = Library

In order to guide the respondents on the questions asked in the questionnaire, the following criteria will be used. 5 Excellent - means that the provision/ condition is extensive and functioning excellently. 4 Very Good - means that the provision/condition is extensive and functioning well. 3 Good - means that the provision/condtion is moderately extensive and functioning well. 2 Poor - means that the provision/condition is moderately extensive and functioning poorly. 1 No response - means no answer

For the purpose of arriving at the definite interpretation of the scale in its questionnaire, the assigned weighted mean ranges to each of the scale follows: 4.21- 5.00 3.41- 4.20 2.61-3.40 1.81-2.60 1.00-1.80 (5) (4) (3) (2) (1) Excellent Very Good Good Poor No Answer

Treatment of Data

To give an extent to the study, the frequencies in the tabulation are converted to percentage utilizing the following formula: 1. Percentage. The Formula answers the questions on patronage and frequency of its use P = (F/N)100% Where : P is the percentage F is the frequency N is the number of respondents

To determine the extent of the services and management of the terminal the weighted mean used was : W.M = W(VT) / N Where : W.M is the weighted mean VT is the Value (Frequency) N is the Number of Respondence is the summation of

Definition of Terms For better and clearer understanding of the study, some of the terms are defined: 1.Management Refers to the manner to which the Passenger Terminal is being operated and managed in terms of facilities/services.It also refers on how the operator of the terminal administer to its employees the different management functions such as planning, organizing, staffing, controlling and directing. 2 Planning involves selecting the objectives, strategies, policies programs and procedures for achieving the goals and objectives of the management of the terminal. 3. Organizing is involving the personnel of the terminal in performing their work in ways that will help the management achieve the established goals of the organization. 4 Directing the process in which the workers of the terminal are made to understand and contribute effectively and efficiently to the attainment of the managements .. objectives. 5 Controlling it is the process wherein the measures and correct activities of the workers are being undertaken in order

to ensure that it conforms to the plans of the management of the terminal. 6 Services this refers to the amenities available to the

passengers in the terminal to ensure their outmost comfort and safety. 7 Measures this refers to the steps being undertaken by management of the terminal in order to maintain the efficient operation of the terminal. 8 Port a place where the passengers go in order to take the boat 9 Authority refers to the Philippine Ports Authority created by this decree. 10 Functions includes powers and duties of the Authority,.