Nama : Cahyo Fajar Handayani

No. absen : 007

NIM : 4301411113
Rombel : 04

TUGAS KAPITA SELEKTA KIMIA SEKOLAH MENEGAH II KE 05

1. Write the chemical equation for the autoionization of water and the equilibrium law for K
w
?
Jawab :
Autoionisasi air
H
2
O H
+
+ OH
-
K =
|H+]|OH-]
|H2O]

K [H
2
O] = [H
+
] [OH
-
]
Kw = [H
+
] [OH
-
]

2. At the temperature of the human body, 37
o
C, the value of Kw is 2.4 x 10
-14
. Calculate the
[H
+
], [OH
-
], pH and pOH of pure water at this temperature. What is the relation between pH,
pOH, and Kw at this temperature? Is water neutral at this temperature?
Jawab :
Kw = 2.4 x 10
-14
pKw = 13.6198
[H
+
] = [OH
-
] = 2.4 x 1u 14 = 1.5492 x 10
-7

pH = pOH = - log 1.5492 x 10
-7
= 6.8099
Dari perhitungan diatas dapat diketahui bahwa harga pH = POH, harga tersebut merupakan
setengah dari harga pKw. Dan pada temperature ini, air bersifat netral.

3. Calculate the H
+
concentration in each of the following solutions in which the hydroxide ion
concentrations are :
a. 0.0024 M
Jawab :
[OH
-
] = 0.0024 M pOH = 2.6198
pH = 14 - 2.6198 = 11.3802 [H
+
] = 4.1667 x 10
-12

b. 1.4 x 10
-5
M
Jawab :
[OH
-
] = 1.4 x 10
-5
M pOH = 4.8539
pH = 14 - 4.8539 = 9.1461 [H
+
] = 7.1429 x 10
-10

c. 5.6 x 10
-9
M
Jawab :
[OH
-
] = 5.6 x 10
-9
M pOH = 8.2518
pH = 14 - 8.2518 = 5.7482 [H
+
] = 1.7857 x 10
-6

d. 4.2 x 10
-13
M
Jawab :
[OH
-
] = 4.2 x 10
-13
M pOH = 12.3768
pH = 14 - 12.3768= 1.6233 [H
+
] = 2.3807 x 10
-2

4. A certain brand of beer had a hydrogen ion concentration equal to 1.9 x 10
-5
mol L
-1
.What is
the pH of the beer?
Jawab :
[H
+
] = 1.9 x 10
-5
mol L
-1
pH = - log 1.9 x 10
-5
mol L
-1
= 4.7215

5. Calculate the pH of each of the solutions in Exercises 5 and 6.
Jawab :
Soal no 5
D
2
O D
+
+ OD
-
Missal : X M X M X M
Kw = [D
+
] [OD
-
]
8.9 x 10
-16
= X
2

X = 8.9 x 1u
-16
= 2.9833 x 10
-8
Jadi,
pD = - log 2.9833 x 10
-8
= 7.5253
pDO = - log 2.9833 x 10
-8
= 7.5253


Soal no 6
a. 0.0024 M
Jawab :
[OH
-
] = 0.0024 M pOH = 2.6198
pH = 14 - 2.6198 = 11.3802
b. 1.4 x 10
-5
M
Jawab :
[OH
-
] = 1.4 x 10
-5
M pOH = 4.8539
pH = 14 - 4.8539 = 9.1461
c. 5.6 x 10
-9
M
Jawab :
[OH
-
] = 5.6 x 10
-9
M pOH = 8.2518
pH = 14 - 8.2518 = 5.7482
d. 4.2 x 10
-13
M
Jawab :
[OH
-
] = 4.2 x 10
-13
M pOH = 12.3768
pH = 14 - 12.3768= 1.6233

6. Calculate the molar concentration of H
+
and OH
-
in solution that have the following pOH
values .
a. 8.26
Jawab :
pOH = 8.26 [OH
-
] = 5.4954 x 10
-9
M
pH = 5.74 [H
+
] =1.8197 x 10
-6
M
b. 10.25
Jawab :
pOH = 10.25 [OH
-
] = 5.6234 x 10
-11
M
pH = 3.75 [H
+
] =1.7783 x 10
-4
M
c. 4.65
Jawab :
pOH = 4.65 [OH
-
] = 2.2387 x 10
-5
M
pH = 9.35 [H
+
] = 4.4668 x 10
-10
M

d. 6.18
Jawab :
pOH = 6.18 [OH
-
] = 6.6069 x 10
-7
M
pH = 7.82 [H
+
] = 1.5136 x 10
-8
M
e. 9.70
Jawab :
pOH = 9.70 [OH
-
] = 0.5986 x 10
-10
M
pH = 4.3 [H
+
] = 5.0119 x 10
-5
M

7. What is the pH of 0.0050 M solution of HNO
3
?
Jawab :
pH = - log 0.0050 M = 2.3010

8. A solution was made by dissolving 0.837 g Ba(OH)
2
in 100 mL final volume. What is the
pOH and the pH of the solution?
Jawab :
M =
0.837
171
x
1000
100
= 0.0489 M
[OH
-
] = 2 x 0.0489 M = 0.0979 M
pOH = 1.0093
pH = 12.9908

9. A solution of HCl has a pH of 2.50. How many grams of HCl are there in 250 mL of this
solution.
Jawab :
pH = 2.5
[H
+
] = 3.1623 x 10
-3
M
3.1623 x 10
-3
M =
X
36.5
x
1000
250

X = 0.0289 gram
Jadi, masa dari HCl adalah 0.0289 gram

10. For each of the acids in exercise 18, write the appropriate K
a
expression
Jawab :
HCl H
+
+ Cl
-
Ka =
|H+]|CI-]
|HCI]


11. For each of the bases in Exercise 20, write the appopriate K
b
expression.
Jawab :
Kb = Kw x
1
Ku

Kb = Kw x
1
|H+]|CI-]
|HCl]

Kb = Kw x
|HCI]
|H+]|CI-]


12. Write the equation for the equilibrium that the benzoate ion, C
6
H
5
CO
2
-
(review exercise 22),
would produce in water as functions as a Bronsted base. Then write the expression for the K
b

of the conjugate base of benzoic acid.
Jawab :
C
6
H
5
CO
2
H

C
6
H
5
CO
2
-
+ H
+
Kb = Kw x
1
Ku

Kb = Kw x
1
|H+]| C6HSCO2-]
| C6HSCO2H]

Kb = Kw x
| C6H5CO2H]
|H+]| C6H5CO2-]


13. The K
a
for HF is 6.8 x 10
x
. what is the Kb for F
-
?
Jawab :
Kb = Kw x
1
Ku

Kb = 1u
-14
x
1
6.8 x 10x

Kb =
0.1471 x 10
-14

10
x


14. Hydrogen peroxide, H
2
O
2
is a week acid with Ka = 1.8 x 10
-12
. What the value of Kb for the
HO
2
ion?
Jawab :
Kb = Kw x
1
Ku

Kb = 1u
-14
x
1
1.8 x 10-12

Kb = S.SSS6 x 1u
-3


15. Lactic acid, HC
3
H
5
O
3
, is responsible for the sour taste of sour milk. At 25
o
C its Ka = 1.4 x
10
-4
. What is the Kb of its conjugate base, tha lactate ion, C
3
H
5
O
3
-
?
Jawab :
Kb = Kw x
1
Ku

Kb = 1u
-14
x
1
1.4 x 10-4

Kb = 2. S x 1u
-11


16. Periodic acid,HIO
4
,is an important oxidizing agent and a moderately strong acid. In a 0.10 M
solution , [H
+
] = 3.8 x 10
-2
mol L
-1
. Calculate the Ka and pKa for periodic acid!
Jawab :
(S.8 x 1u 2 mol L 1)
2
= (Ko x u.u1)
2

S.4872 x 1u
-5
= Ka x 0,01
Ka = S.4872 x 1u
-3

pKa = 2.2607

17. Ethylamine, CH
3
CH
2
NH
2
, has a strong, pungent odor similar to that ammonia. Like
ammonia, it is a Bronsted base. A 0.10 M solution has a pH of 11.86. Calculate the Kb and
pKb for ethylamine.
Jawab :
pOH = 14 11.86 = 2.14
[OH
-
] = 7.244 x 1u
-3

(7.244 x 1u
-3
)
2
= (Ko x u.1)
2

S.248u7 x 1u
-5
= Ka x 0,1
Ka = S.248u7 x 1u
-4

pKa = 3.28


18. Refer to data in the preceding question to calculate the percentage ionization of the base in
0.15 M HONH
2
.

19. What is pH of 0.15 M HN
3
? for HN
3
, Ka = 1.8 x 10
-5
Jawab :

[H
+
] = 1.8 x 1u S x u.1S = 1.6432 x 1u
-3

pH = 2.7843

20. Phenol, also known as carbolic acid, is sometimes used as a disinfectant. What are the
concentrations of all of the substance in a 0.050 M solution of phenol, HC
6
H
5
0? What
percentage of the phenol is ionized? For this acid, K
a
= 1.3 x 10-10
Jawab :
[H
+
] = 1.S x 1u 1u x u.uS = 2.5495 x 1u
-6

pH = 5.5935

21. Deuteroammonia, ND
3
, is a weak base with a pKb of 4.96 at 25
o
C. What is the pH of a 0.20
M solution of this compound?
Jawab :
pKb = 4.96
Kb = 1.0965 x 1u
-5

[OH
-
] = 1.u96S x 1u
-5
x u.2 = 1.4809 x 1u
-3

pOH = 2.8295
pH = 11.1705

22. Aspirin is acetylsalicyclic acid, a monoprotic acid whose K
a
value is 3,27 x 10
-4
. does a
solution of the sodium salt of aspirin in water test acidic, basic, or neutral ? Explain
Jawab :
Aspirin merupakan bersifat basa karena Na merupakasam lemah karena aspirin memiliki Ka,
dalam larutan garam Ha-nya dalam air garam yang terbentuk dari natrium yang merupakan
basa kuat dan golongan alkali pembawa sifat basa yang dominan

23. Consider the following compounds and suppose that 0.5M solutions are prepared of each :
NaI, KF, (NH
4
)
2
SO
4
, KCN, KC
2
H
3
O
2
, CsNO
3
, and KBr. Write the formulas of those that
have solutions that are
Acidic,
Jawab : (NH
4
)
2
SO
4
dan CsNO
3

Basic, and
Jawab : KF, KCN, dan KC
2
H
3
O
2

Neutral.
Jawab : NaI dan KBr.

24. Explain why the beryllium ion is a more acidic cation than the calcium ion.
Jawab :
Be
2+
lebih asam dari Ca
2+
, karena dalam golongan alkali tanah makin kebawah sifat basa
semakain besar akibat adanya kenaikan no.atom yang menyebabkan semakin besar jari-
jarinya, sehingga semakin mudah melepas electron terluarnya atau melepas (OH
-
)

25. Calculate the pH of 0.20 M NaCN.
Jawab :
[OH
-
] = 0.02 M
pOH = - log 0.02 = 1.699
pH = 12.301

26. Calculate the pH of 0.15 M CH
3
NH
3
Cl. For CH
3
NH
2
, Kb = 4.4 x 10
-4

Jawab :
[OH
-
] = 4.4 x 1u 4 x u.1S = 8.124 x 10
-3
pOH = 2.0902
pH = 11.9098

27. Calculate the number of grams of NH
4
Br that have to be dissolved in 1.00 L of water at 25
o
C
to have a solution with a pH of 5.16 !
Jawab :
pH = 5.16
[H
+
] = 6.9183 x 10
-6
6.9183 x 10
-6
=
X
97
x
1000
1000

X = 6.7108 x 10
-4
Jadi, massa NH
4
Br adalah 6.7108 x 10
-4
gram = 0.067108 mgram

28. Many drugs that are natural Bronsted bases are put into aqueous solution as their much more
soluble salt with strong acids. The powerful painkiller morphine, for example, is very
slightly soluble in water, but morphine nitrate is quite soluble. We may represent morphine
by the symbol Mor and its conjugate acid as H-Mor
+
. The pKb of morphine is 6.13. What is
the calculated pH of a 0.20 M solution of H-Mor
+
?
Jawab :
pKb = 6.13
Kb = 7.4131 x 10
-7

[OH
-
] = 7.41S1 x 1u 7 x u.2 = 1.218 x 10
-3
pOH = 2.9145
pH = 11.0855

29. Generally, under what conditions are we unable to use the initial concentration of an acid or
base as though it were the equilibrium concentration in the mass action expression?

30. What is the percentage ionization in 0.0010 M acetic acid ? What is the pH of the solution?
Jawab :
[H
+
] = 1u
-5
x u.uu1 = 10
-4
pH = 4
= _
10
-S
0.001
= 0.01

31. The hydrogen sulfate ion HSO
4
-
, is a moderately strong Bronsted acid with a Ka of 1.0x10
-2
.
a. Write the chemical equation for the ionization of the acid and give the appropriate Ka
expression.
Jawab :
Ka =
|HSO4-]|H+]
|H2S04]

b. What is the value of [ H
+
] in 0.010 M HSO
4
-
(furnished by the salt, NaHSO
4
) ? Do
NOT make simplifying assumptions; solve the quadratic equation.

c. What is the calculate of [H
+
] in 0.010 M HSO
4
-
, obtained by using the usual
simplifying assumption?
d. How much error is produced by incorrectly using the simplifying assumption?

32. Barbituric acid, HC
4
H
3
N
2
O
3
(which we will abbreviate H-Bar), was discovered by the Nobel
Prize-winning organic chemist Adolph von Baeyer and named after his friend, Barbara. It is
the parent compound of widely sleeping drugs, the barbituretes. Its pKa is 4.01. what is the
[H
+
] and pH of a 0.050 M solution of H-Bar?
Jawab :
pKa = 4.01
Ka = 9.7724 x 1u
-5

[H
+
] = 9.7724 x 1u
-5
x u.uS = 4.8862 x 1u
-6

pH = 5.3110

33. Which buffer would be better able to hold a steady pH on the addition of strong acid, buffer
1 or buffer 2? Explain.
Jawab :
Buffer 1 is a solution containing 0.10 M NH
4
Cl and 1 M NH
3
.
[H
+
] = 1u
-5
x
1
0.1
= 1u
-4

pH = 4
Buffer 2 is a solution containing 1 M NH
4
Cl and 0.10 M NH
3
.
[H
+
] = 1u
-5
x
0.1
1
= 1u
-6

pH = 6
Jadi, buffer 2 lebih asam dari pada buffer 1 karena pH buffer 2 lebih besar dari pada buffer 1
yang menunnukan bahwa buffer 2 merupakan asam yang mendekati pH netral.

34. Rework the preceding problem using the Kb for the acetate ion. ( be sure to write the poper
chemical equation and equilibrium law )
35. By how much will the pH change if 50.0 mL of 0.10 M NaOH is added to 500mL of the
buffer in Exercise 66.
Jawab :
Buffer 1 is a solution containing 0.10 M NH
4
Cl and 1 M NH
3
.
NH
4
Cl + NaOH NaCl + NH
4
OH
m : 0.1 M 0.1 M
r : 0.1 M 0.1 M 0.1 M
s : 0.1 M
[OH
-
] = N.
= 1 x 0.1 M _
10
-14

10
-S
x 1 x 0.1 M
= 0.1 x 1u
-8
= 1u
-9

pOH = 9
pH = 5
Buffer 2 is a solution containing 1 M NH
4
Cl and 0.10 M NH
3
.
NH
4
Cl + NaOH NaCl + NH
4
OH
m : 1.0 M 0.1 M
r : 0.1 M 0.1 M 0.1 M
s : 0.9 M 0.1 M
[OH
-
] = 1u
-5
x
0.9
0.1
= 9 x 1u
-5
= 9 x 1u
-5

pOH = 4.0458
pH = 9.9542

36. By how much will the pH change if 0.020 mL of HCl is added to 1.00 L of the buffer in
Exercise 70?
Jawab :
Buffer 1 is a solution containing 0.10 M NH
4
Cl and 1 M NH
3
.
NH
3
. + HCl NH
4
Cl
m : 1 M 0.02 M 0.10 M
r : 0.02 M 0.02 M 0.02 M
s : 0.98 M 0.12 M
[OH
-
] = 1u
-5
x
0.98
0.12
= 8.1667 x 1u
-5

pOH = 4.088
pH = 9.9121
Buffer 2 is a solution containing 1 M NH
4
Cl and 0.10 M NH
3
.
NH
3
. + HCl NH
4
Cl
m : 0.1 M 0.02 M 0.10 M
r : 0.02 M 0.02 M 0.02 M
s : 0.08 M 0.12 M
[OH
-
] = 1u
-5
x
0.08
0.12
= 0.6667 x 1u
-5

pOH = 5.1761
pH = 8.8239

37. How many grams of sodium acetat, NaC
2
H
3
O
2
, would have to be added to 1.0 L of 0.15 M
acetic acid (pK
a
4.74) to make the solution a buffer for pH 5.00?
Jawab :
pH = 5
[H
+
] = 1u
-5

pKa = 4.74
Ka = 1.8197 x 1u
-5

1u
-5
= 1.8197 x 1u
-5
x H
M =

38. What mole ratio of NH
4
Cl to NH
3
would buffer a solution at pH 9.25?
Jawab :
pH = 9.25
POH = 4.75
[OH
-
] = 1.7783 x 1u
-5

1.7783 x 1u
-5
= 1u
-5
x
NH3
NH4CI

1.7783 NH
4
Cl = NH
3
Mol rasio antara NH
4
Cl dan NH
3

adalah 1.7783 dibanding 1

39. How many grams of ammonium chloride have to be dissolved into 125 mL of 0.10 M NH
3
to
make it a buffer with a pH of 9.15 ?
Jawab :
pH = 9.15
pOH = 4.85
[OH
-
] = 1.4125 x 1u
-5

1.4125 x 1u
-5
= 1u
-5
x
0.0125
NH4CI

NH
4
Cl = 1.4125 mol
Massa NH
4
Cl =
1.4125
53.5
0.0264 gram

40. How many milliliters of 0.15 M HCl would have to be added to 100 mL of the buffer
described in exercise 78 to make the pH decrease by 0.05 pH unit? How many milliliters of
the same HCl solution would, if added to 100 mL of pure water, make the pH decrease by
0.05 pH unit?

41. Explain why ethyl red is a better indicator than phenolphtalein in the titration of dilute
ammonia by dilute hydrochloric acid?

42. In the titration of an acid with base,what condition concerning the quantities of reactans
ought to be true at the equivalence point?


43. When 25 mL of 0.10 M aqueous ammonia is titrated with 0.10 M hydrobromic acid, what is
the pH at the equivalence point? What is a good indicator?
Jawab :
pH = 3. pH yang baik adalah metil yellow atau metil orange

44. For the titration of 25.00 mL of 0.1000 M acetic acid with 0.1000 M NaOH, calculate the
pH:
a. Before the addition of any NaOH solution,
Jawab :
[H
+
] = 1u
-5
x u.1 = 1u
-3

pH = 3
b. After 10.00 mL of the base has been added,
Jawab :
CH
3
COOH + NaOH CH
3
COONa
m : 2.5 mmol 1 mmol
r : 1 mmol 1 mmol 1 mmol
s : 1.5 mmol 1 mmol
[H
+
] = 1u
-5
x
1.5
1
= 1.S x 1u
-5

pH = 4.8239
c. After half of the HC
2
H
3
0
2
has been neutralized, and
Jawab :
CH
3
COOH + NaOH CH
3
COONa
m : 1.25 mmol 1.25 mmol
r : 1.25 mmol 1.25 mmol 1.25 mmol
s : 1.25 mmol
[H
+
] = _1u
-5
x
1.25
25
= 7. u7u1 x 1u
-3

pH = 3.1505
d. At the equivalence point.
Jawab :
CH
3
COOH + NaOH CH
3
COONa
m : 2.5 mmol 2.5 mmol
r : 2.5 mmol 2.5 mmol 2.5 mmol
s : 2.5 mmol
[H
+
] = _1u
-5
x
2.5
50
= 7. u7u1 x 1u
-3

pH = 3.1505