MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIS IN ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING by RONIE VILLAMOR

Encoded by: VILLAMOR, Mara Mariz M.

1. What is the smallest element of a matter? a. atom b. molecule c. crystal d. wafer ANS: A 2. To determine whether a material can support the flow of electricity or not, we need to examine its a. atomic structure b. physical state c. molecular structure d. chemical composition ANS: A 3. Approximate diameter of an atom a. 10^-10 m b. 10^-10 m c. 10^-10 mm d. 10^-10 m ANS: D 4. Known as the simplest type of atom a. Hydrogen b. Oxygen c. Helium d. Nitrogen ANS: A 5. Approximate diameter of a Hydrogen atom a. 1.1 x 10^-10 m b. 1.1 x 10^-10 m c. 1.1 x 10^-10 mm d. 1.1 x 10^-10 m ANS: D 6. What is the charge of an electron? a. 1.6022 x 10^-19 C b. 9.1096 x 10^-19 C c. 1.6022 x 10^-31 C d. 9.1096 x 10^-31 C

ANS: A 7. Protons are about ____ heavier than electrons a. 1,800 times b. Less than thrice c. Less d. Twice ANS: A

8. Approximately, how many electrons that could equal to the mass of a single proton or neutron? a. 1,863 electrons b. 1,683 electrons c. 1,638 electrons d. 1,836 electrons ANS: D

9. If an element has an atomic number of 12, there are how many protons and electrons? a. 6 protons and 12 electrons b. 12 protons and 6 electrons c. 12 protons and 12 electrons d. 12 protons and 24 electrons ANS: C

10. It is composed of a series of energy levels containing the valence electrons a. conduction band b. forbidden band c. sideband d. valence band ANS: D

11. Electrons at the conduction band are called a. free electrons b. valence electrons c. deep state electrons d. shallow state electrons

ANS: A 12. A good conductor has how many valence electrons? a. 1 b. 2 c. 4 d. 8 ANS: A 13. Determine which statement is true? a. The current carriers in conductors are protons. b. The current carriers in conductors are valence electrons. c. Valence and inner electrons are the carriers in conductors. d. Valence electrons are not the ones that become free electrons. ANS: B 14. A material that contains an abundance of free carrier is called a. Insulator b. Semi- insulator c. Conductor d. Semiconductor ANS: C

15. From the combined energy- gap diagram, which material has the widest gap between valence band and the conduction band? a. Conductor b. Semiconductor c. Super conductor d. Insulator ANS: D 16. A solid, which has no defined crystal structure a. Crystalline b. Non-crystalline c. Amorphous d. Non-crystalline or Amorphous ANS: D

17. Ideally, all atoms have the same number of positively charged protons and negatively charged electrons, and is therefore as a. Electrically neutral b. Physically stable c. Magnetically aligned d. Technically rigid ANS: A 18. A positive ion has a. excess of electrons b. excess of neutrons c. lack of electrons d. lack of protons ANS: C 19. One Coulomb of charge has how many electrons? a. 6.24 x 10^18 electrons b. 6.24 x 10^19 electrons c. 62.4 x 10^18 electrons d. 62.4 x 10^19 electrons ANS: A 20. One ampere is equal to how many electrons per second? a. 1 x 10^18 electrons/sec. b. 1 x 10^19 electrons/sec. c. 6.25 x 10^18 electrons/sec. d. 6.25 x 10^19 electrons/sec. ANS: C 21. The greater the diameter of a wire, the ___ is the resistance. a. greater b. lesser c. harder d. bigger ANS: B 22. A 100m long wire with a cross-sectional area A=10^-3 m^2 has a resistance of 10 ohms. Determine the resistivity of the wire. a. 10^-2 ohms-m b. 10^-3 ohms-m c. 10^-4 ohms-m

d. 10^-5 ohms-m ANS: C 23. The science of physical phenomena at very low temperature, approaching absolute zero is called ___. a. crytanalysis b. cybernetics c. temperature inversion d. cryogenics ANS: D 24. A wire has a resistance of 5 ohms at room temperature and a temperature coefficient =4 x 10^-3 / C, calculate the wire resistance at 75 C. a. 8.925 ohms b. 7.925 ohms c. 6.925 ohms d. 6.050 ohms ANS: D 25. The temperature coefficient of resistance of a certain wire is known to be 0.004/ C at zero degree Celsius. What would be the temperature coefficient at room temperature? a. 0.00018/C b. 0.00036/C c. 0.00180/C d. 0.00360/C ANS: D 26. Find the change in coulombs of dielectric that has a positive charge of 14.5 x 10 to the 18the power protons. a. 29 x 10 to the 16th Coulombs b. 14.5 x 10 to the 16th Coulombs c. 14.5 x10 to the 18th Coulombs d. 29 x 10 to the 18th Coulombs ANS: C 27. What is the law whereby the force of attraction and repulsion between poles is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them? a. Newtons first law b. Newtons second law c. Nortons law

d. Coulombs second law ANS: D 28. Three charges of +5 C, -6 C and +7 are placed inside a sphere, what is the total charge of the sphere? a. +5 Coulomb b. -6 Coulomb c. +7 Coulomb d. +6 Coulomb ANS: D 29. What is true in visualizing electric field lines of force from a charge body? a. Field lines are continuous curve and they never intersect. b. The spacing between these lines increases as they get far from the charged body. c. The number of field lines is directly proportional to the magnitude of the electric field. d. All of the above. ANS: D 30. Electric lines of force leave and enter the charge surface at what angle? a. 15 b. 30 c. 45 d. 90 ANS: D 31. Electric flux is a/an ________ quantity. a. scalar b. vector c. absolute d. relative ANS: A 32. An electric charge produces a total electric field of 6 Coulombs, calculate the electric flux density in an area of one square meter (1m2) a. 1 C/m^2 b. 2 C/m^2 c. 4 C/m^2 d. 6 C/m^2

ANS: D 33. The absolute permittivity of air or free space. a. 1/36 x 10^-9 F/m b. 36 x 10^-9 F/m c. 1/36 x10^-19 F/m d. 36 x 10^-19 F/m ANS: A 34. In 1784, who demonstrated that the force between charges is inversely related to the square of the distance between them? a. Maxwell b. Gauss c. Tesla d. Coulomb ANS: D 35. Calculate the electric field intensity 10 cm from a charge Q=5nC. a. 450 N/C b. 900 N/C c. 4.5 x 10^3 N/C d. 9.0 x 10^3 N/C ANS: C 36. Calculate the total electric field at the surface of a sphere of radius r=1cm, and enclosing a net charge of 2C. a. 0 (zero) b. 9 x 10^7 N/C c. 1.8 x 10^8 N/C d. Infinite ANS: C 37. A charged body in free spaces produces 10-V potential at a distance 25 cm away. What will be the potential at 50 cm away? a. 5.0 Volts b. 7.5 Volts c. 10.0 Volts d. 15.0 Volts ANS: A 38. Which of the materials below that can be easily magnetized?

a. b. c. d. ANS: A

soft magnetic materials hard magnetic materials low conductive materials high conductive materials

39. Materials with permeability slightly less than that of free space. a. diamagnetic b. paramagnetic c. ferromagnetic d. antimagnetic ANS: A 40. The unit of magnetic flux density in SI a. Gauss b. Weber c. Maxwell d. Tesla ANS: D 41. A magnetic flux of 25,000 maxwell in an area of 5 sq. cm. Results in flux density of a. 5,000 Gauss (G) b. 125,000 G c. 5,000 Tesla (T) d. 125,000 T ANS: A 42. Calculate the flux density in Gauss (G) having a flux of 12,000 Mx through a perpendicular area of 6 cm. a. 200 G b. 2,000 G c. 7,200 G d. 72,000 G ANS: B 43. If the distance between the two magnetic poles is halve, the force between them a. decreases two times b. decreases four times c. increases two times d. increases four times

ANS: D 44. Unit of permeability a. Henry/meter (H/m) b. Farad/meter (F/m) c. Henry- meter (H-m) d. Farad-meter (F-m) ANS: A 45. The unit of permittivity a. Henry/meter (H/m) b. Farad/meter (F/m) c. Henry- meter (H-m) d. Farad-meter (F-m) ANS: B 46. One Weber is equivalent to a. 10^8 Maxwells b. 10^6 Maxwells c. 10^4 Maxwells d. 10^2 Maxwells ANS: A 47. Permeance is analogous to a. Conductance b. Resistance c. Impedance d. Elastance ANS: A 48. The Oersted (Oe) is the same as a. 1 Gb/cm b. 1 Gb/m c. 10 Gb/cm d. 10 Gb/m ANS: A

49. The unit of reluctance a. Gilbert b. Tesla c. At/Wb d. Gauss ANS: C 50. Determine the ampere-turns when a 10V battery is connected across a solenoid having 100 turns and a resistance of 5 ohms. a. 50 At b. 200 At c. 100 At d. 1,000 At ANS: B 51. If a wire coil has 100 turns and carries 1.3 A of current, calculate the magnetomotive force in Gilbert. a. 163.3 b. 16.33 c. 1.633 d. 0.1633 ANS: A 52. If two coils are close enough together for their magnetic fields to interact, a change in current in one will induce a corresponding voltage in the other. This condition is known as a. self- inductance b. mutual inductance c. crossfire inductance d. linked inductance ANS: B 53. When a conductor is moved through a magnetic field a voltage is always induced. The amount of voltage is always proportional to a. The diameter of the conductor used b. The length of the conductor c. The distance of the conductor from the field d. The rate at which the conductor is moved ANS: D 54. What is meant by back EMF?

a. b. c. d. ANS: D

A voltage that is applied in the reverse direction An EMF that is due to the fly wheel effect An EMF that is generated from the back of an electromagnet A voltage that opposes the applied EMF

55. In electromagnetism, what law determines the amount of induced voltage? a. Amperes law b. Lenz law c. Coulombs law d. Faradays law ANS: B 56. The effect that describes the ability of a mechanically stressed ferromagnetic wire to recognize rapid switching of magnetization when subjected to a DC magnetic field a. Wiegand effect b. Wertheim effect c. Wiedemann effect d. Wall effect ANS: A 57. _________ is called the magnetic field a. The force that drives current through a resistor b. Current flow through space around a permanent magnet c. The force between the plates of charged capacitor d. A force set up when current flow through a conductor ANS: D 58. What is the value of a resistor with colors from left: Orange, Blue, Gold and Silver? a. 34 ohms 10% b. 3.6 ohms 10% c. 3.4 ohms 10% d. 36 ohms 10% ANS: B 59. Resistors with high value usually have lower wattage ratings because of _________. a. varying current b. lower current

c. bigger size d. high current ANS: B 60. A 33 kilo ohms resistor is connected in series with a parallel combination made up of a 56 kilo ohm resistor and a 7.8 kilo ohm resistor. What is the total combined resistance of these three resistors? a. 63769 ohms b. 49069 ohms c. 95800 ohms d. 39067 ohms ANS: D 61. If you need a 1.25 kilo ohms resistance and you only have resistors of 5 kilo ohms, how many of these available resistors you should connect in parallel to get a 1.25kilo ohms value? a. 2 b. 3 c. 4 d. 5 ANS: C 62. _______ is used to store electrical energy in an electrostatic field? a. A transformer b. A battery c. A capacitor d. An inductor ANS: C 63. What factors determine the capacitance of a capacitor? a. Area of the plates, amount of charge in the plates and the dielectric constant of the material between the plates b. Area of the plates, voltage on the plates and distance between the plates c. Area of the plates, distance between the plates and the dielectric constant of the material between the plates d. Area of the plates, voltage of the plates and the dielectric constant of the material between the plates ANS: C

64. A parallel plate capacitor has the following values: k=81; d=0.025 inches; A=6 square inches. What is the capacitance of the capacitor? a. 4.372 picofarad b. 43.72 picofarad c. 4372 picofarad d. 4.372 picofarad ANS: C 65. If two micro- farad capacitors are connected in series, what will be the total effective capacitance? a. 0.125 microfarad b. 0.0624 microfarad c. 2.5 microfarad d. 0.50 microfarad ANS: A 66. A coil of wire wound, with or without a magnetic core designed to have a higher self- inductance than a straight wire a. Inductor b. Solenoid c. Toroid d. Inductive relay ANS: A 67. Two resistors, 10 ohms and 100 ohms are connected in parallel approximately, what is the total resistance? a. 10 ohms b. 50 ohms c. 90 ohms d. 100 ohms ANS: A 68. A shunt resistor is used to limit the load current to 0.5 A. If the load resistance is 100 ohms and the original current is 1 amp, what should be the value of the shunt resistance? a. 25 ohms b. 50 ohms c. 75 ohms d. 100 ohms ANS: D

69. Two resistors, R1=100 ohms and R2=200 ohms are connected in parallel. If the current through R1 is 1 A, what would be the current on R2? a. 0.125 A b. 0.25 A c. 0.35 A d. 0.50 A ANS: D 70. A constant voltage source Vs=60 is delivering power to a series combination of R1=100 ohms, R2=200 ohms and R3=300 ohms. Calculate the voltage drop across R2. a. 10 V b. 20 V c. 30 V d. 40 V ANS: B 71. If 12 V are applied to a circuit that consumes 78 W, what is the current flow through the circuit? a. 6.5 A b. 936 A c. 0.15 A d. 9.36 A ANS: A 72. The power dissipated by a 10 ohms load resistor with a current rating of 5 amperes is ________ if supplied with a 20 volt dc potential a. 40 W b. 80 W c. 160 W d. 250 W ANS: A 73. The power in a circuit consisting of two equal resistors in series is known to be 10 watts. If the two resistors are connected in parallel, what would be the circuit power dissipation? a. 2.5 watts b. 5 watts c. 20 watts d. 40 watts ANS: D

74. How many nodes are needed to completely analyze a circuit according to Kirchoffs current law? a. Two b. All nodes in the circuit c. One less than the total number of nodes in the circuit d. One ANS: B 75. In a mesh, the algebraic sum of all the voltages and voltage drops is equal to zero a. Superposition theorem b. Nortons law c. Kirchoffs first law d. Kirchoffs second law ANS: D 76. Theorem used to simplify complex circuits wherein, the simplified circuit contains an equivalent open circuit resistance and open circuit voltage a. Nortons b. Thevenins c. Maxwells d. Kirchoffs ANS: B 77. A certain Thevenin equivalent circuit has parameters Rth=10 ohms and Vth=20V. if this is converted to Nortons equivalent circuit, Rn and In would be a. 10 ohms and 2 A b. 10 ohms and 4 A c. 0.10 ohms and 2 A d. 0.10 ohms and 4 A ANS: A 78. Rn and In of a Nortons equivalent circuit are known to be 100 ohms and 10 A respectively. If a 400 ohms load is connected, it will have a load current of a. 1 A b. 2 A c. 3 A d. 4 A ANS: B

79. In a network, what do we call a reference point chosen such that more branches in a circuit met. a. node b. junction c. ground d. mesh ANS: A 80. The return point in a circuit, where all voltage measurements are referred a. node b. junction c. ground d. loop ANS: C 81. Three 100 ohms resistors are connected in tee- form (T) network and is set up between a 100 V supply and a load resistor Rl. If maximum power transfer is desired, what should be the resistance of the load resistor Rl? a. 50 ohms b. 75 ohms c. 125 ohms d. 150 ohms ANS: D 82. Three resistors, R1=60 ohms, R2=80 ohms and R3=100 ohms are connected in delta. If the network is to be transformed into star, what would be the value of the resistor opposite to R2? a. 25.0 ohms b. 33.3 ohms c. 45.0 ohms d. 56.7 ohms ANS: A 83. An alternating voltage of sine-wave form has a maximum voltage of 311 V. what is its value at 225? a. 110 V b. 220 V c. -220 V d. -110 V ANS: C

84. If an alternating voltage has a magnitude of 10 V at 30, what is its maximum voltage? a. 20 V b. 30 V c. 40 V d. 50 V ANS: A 85. What is the frequency of an alternating current, if it reaches 90 within 4.167 ms? a. 20 Hz b. 30 Hz c. 50 Hz d. 60 Hz ANS: D 86. At what angle does an alternating voltage of cosine-wave form reaches its negative peak? a. 45 b. 90 c. 135 d. 180 ANS: D 87. When comparing rms voltages and average voltages, which of the following statement is true, assuming sine waves? a. Either the rms voltage or the average voltage might be larger b. The rms voltage is always greater than the average voltage c. There will always be a very large difference between the rms voltage and the average voltage d. The average voltage is always greater than the rms ANS: B 88. What do you mean by root- mean-squared (rms) voltage? a. It is the average value b. It is the effective value c. It is the value that causes the same heating effect as a dc-voltage d. B or C ANS: D

89. In a purely inductive circuit the current a. Leads the voltage by 45 b. Leads the voltage by 90 c. Lags the voltage by 90 d. Lags the voltage by 45 ANS: C 90. A resistive and a capacitive load of equal magnitude is connected in series, determine the phase difference between the voltage and the current. a. Current leads the voltage by 45 b. Current lags the voltage by 45 c. Current leads the voltage by 90 d. Current lags the voltage by 90 ANS: A 91. The reactance of a 25 mH coil at 500 Hz is which of the following? a. 785 ohms b. 785,000 ohms c. 13 ohms d. 0.0013 ohms ANS: A 92. A 220-volt, 60 Hz source is driving a series RL circuit. Determine the current in the circuit if R=100 ohms and XL= 100 ohms. a. 1.10 A(lagging) b. 1.55 A(lagging) c. 2.20 A(lagging) d. 4.40 A(lagging) ANS: B 93. What will be the current equation in a series RC network if supplied with v=Vmsin120t source? The circuit has a power factor pf=0.5. a. i = Imax sin(120t + 60) b. i = Imax sin(120t - 60) c. i = Imax sin(120t + 30) d. i = Imax sin(120t - 30) ANS: A

94. What is the power factor (pf) of a series RL circuit having R=50 ohms and XL=20 ohms? a. 0.63 b. 0.71 c. 0.81 d. 0.93 ANS: D 95. What will happen when the power factor of a circuit is increased? a. Reactive power increases b. Active power increases c. Both active and reactive powers increases d. Both active and reactive powers decrease ANS: B 96. A 6-ohms resistor is connected in series with a capacitive reactance of 8 ohms. If the supply voltage is 200 V, what is the circuit current magnitude? a. 14.28 A b. 20 A c. 25 A d. 33.33 A ANS: B 97. The apparent power of a series RC network is given to be 4000 W. If R=6 ohms and XC=8 ohms, calculate the true power of the network. a. 1200 W b. 2400 W c. 3200 W d. 4000 W ANS: B 98. A series RC circuit has an apparent power of 4000 W. If R=6 ohms and XC=8 ohms, determine the reactive power. a. 1200 W b. 2400 W c. 3200 W d. 4500 W ANS: C

99. What is the total impedance of a series circuit consisting of R=6 ohms, XC=8 ohms and XL=16 ohms? a. 10 ohms b. 14 ohms c. 24.73 ohms d. 30 ohms ANS: A 100. What is the significance of connecting loads in parallel? a. It makes power consumption less b. It provides greater efficiency c. It increases the safety factor d. It allows independent operations of loads ANS: D 101. The name of pure semiconductor material that has equal number of electrons and holes a. n-type b. pure type c. intrinsic d. p-type ANS: C 102. a. b. c. d. ANS: D 103. Germanium has an atomic number of 32 and atomic weight of approximately 72 amu. How many electrons, protons and neutrons are there? a. 32,32,40 b. 32,32,104 c. 40,32,32 d. 40,32,104 ANS: A Which of the following is an example of a compound semicond uctor? Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) Gallium Phosphide (GaP) Aluminum Arsenide (AlAs) All of the above

104. The atomic weight of a silicon atom is approximately 28 amu. How may electrons, protons and neutrons does the atom consist? a. 14,42,14 b. 14,14,42 c. 42,14,14 d. 14,14,14 ANS: D 105. a. b. c. d. ANS: A 106. a. b. c. d. ANS: B 107. a. b. c. d. ANS: D 108. What do you call a semiconductor that is doped with both donor and acceptor impurities? a. double doped semiconductor b. compensated semiconductor c. compound semiconductor d. diffused semiconductor ANS: B Commonly used as donor impurities Antimony (Sb) Arsenic (As) Phosphorus (P) All of the above Example of acceptor impurities pentavalent impurities trivalent impurities tetravalent impurities hexavalent impurities A semiconductor that is free from impurities intrinsic semiconductor extrinsic semiconductor compensated semiconductor elemental semiconductor

109. a. b. c. d. ANS: B

Semiconductor whose electron and hole concentrations are equal extrinsic semiconductor intrinsic semiconductor compensated semiconductor doped semiconductor

110. Typically, how much energy is required for a valence electron to move to the conduction band for a doped semiconductor? a. 0 eV b. 0.05 eV c. 1.0 eV d. 5.0 Ev ANS: B 111. The electrical resistance of a semiconductor material will _______ as the temperature increases a. increase b. increase exponentially c. decrease d. not change ANS: C 112. At room temperature, in a perfect silicon crystal, the equilibrium concentration of thermally generated electrons in the conduction band is about a. 1.5 x 10^5 per cubic cm b. 1.5 x 10^10 per cubic cm c. 1.5 x 10^15 per cubic cm d. 1.5 x 10^20 per cubic cm ANS: B 113. a. b. c. d. ANS: D What is the basis in operation of semiconductor photoconductors? EHP generation EHP degeneration EHP optical degeneration EHP optical generation

114. Typical range of power dissipation for a semiconductor to be considered as low power or small signal a. less than 1 watt b. 5< P <10 watts c. 10< P <20 watts d. 20 watts above ANS: A 115. What is formed when n-type and p-type semiconductors are brought together? a. pn junction b. semiconductor junction c. energy band gap d. semiconductor diode ANS: A 116. PN junction acts as a one way valve for electrons because ______________ a. the circuit in which the diode is used, only attempts to pump electrons in one diode b. electrons tend to follow the direction of the hole c. there is a little mechanical switch inside a diode d. when electrons are pump from p to n, free electrons and holes are force apart leaving no way for electrons to cross the junction ANS: D 117. An external voltage applied to a junction reduces its barrier and aid current to flow through the junction a. reverse bias b. external bias c. junction bias d. forward bias ANS: D 118. Unidirectional conduction in two-electrodes in any device other than a diode, such that rectification between the grid and cathode of a triode, or asymmetrical conduction between the collector and base of a transistor is called a. rectification b. diode action c. dipping d. clamping ANS: B

119. Depletion region is an area in a semiconductor device where there are no charge carriers exist. This will be always near the junction of n-type and p-type materials. What causes this junction to be depleted by charge carriers? a. Due to the recombination of holes and electrons at the junction b. Due to the cancellation of positively charge protons and negatively charge electrons c. Due to the annihilation of charge carriers d. Due to the combination of positively charge holes and negatively charge electrons ANS: D 120. A junction diode is said to be forward-biased if a. Anode is supplied more positive than the cathode b. Anode is supplied more negative than the cathode c. A voltage greater than threshold is applied, with cathode less positive than anode d. A voltage greater than threshold is applied, with cathode less negative than anode

ANS: C 121. The minimum voltage required before a diode can totally conduct in a forward direction a. triggering voltage b. breakdown voltage c. saturation voltage d. threshold voltage ANS: D 122. As the operating temperature of as reverse-biased diode is increase, its leakage or reverse saturation current will a. increase b. increase exponentially c. decrease d. decrease exponentially ANS: B 123. a. b. c. d. ANS: C The breakdown voltage of junction diode will _____ increase as operating temperature rises increase exponentially as operating temperature rises decrease as operating temperature rises not change as operating temperature rises

124. Calculate the new threshold voltage of a germanium diode when it operates at 100C a. 0.113 V b. 0.188 V c. 0.215 V d. 0.513 V ANS: A 125. A silicon diode has a reverse saturation current of 50 nA at room temperature. If the operating temperature is raised by 50C, what is now the reverse saturation current? a. 105.56 nA b. 287.73 nA c. 827.89 nA d. 1.66 A ANS: D

126. In a semiconductor diode, the total capacitance, that is the capacitance between terminals and electrodes, and the internal voltage variable capacitance of the junction is called a. diffusion capacitance b. transition capacitance c. depletion-region capacitance d. diode capacitance ANS: D 127. a. b. c. d. ANS: A 128. A diode that is especially designed to operate as a voltage- variable capacitor. It utilizes the junction capacitance of a semiconductor diode. a. varactor b. varicap c. varistor d. A and B are correct ANS: D What capacitance is significant when the diode is forward biased? diffusion capacitance or storage capacitance transition capacitance depletion-region capacitance stray capacitance

129. A certain diode has a maximum power dissipation of 500 mW at room temperature and a linear derating factor of 5.0 mW/C. How much power the diode can handle if operated at 50C? a. 625 mW b. 505 mW c. 495 mW d. 375 Mw ANS: D 130. A semiconductor device especially fabricated to utilize the avalanche or zener breakdown region. This is normally operated in the reverse-region and its application mostly for voltage reference or regulation. a. varactor diode b. zener diode c. shockley diode d. schottky barrier diode ANS: B 131. Refers to a special type of diode which is capable of both amplification and oscillation a. junction diode b. tunnel diode c. point contact diode d. zener diode ANS: B 132. a. b. c. d. ANS: D 133. diode a. b. c. d. ANS: D Another name of a three-layer diode. This is also considered as an ac shockley diode thyrector thyristor diac A rectifying metal-semiconductor junction schottky barrier diode surface barrier diode hot-carrier or hot-electron diode All of the above are correct

134. When the p-n junction of a semiconductor diode is inserted with intrinsic material, the diode becomes a a. backward diode b. read diode c. shockley diode d. PiN diode ANS: D 135. A diode that is especially processed so that its high-current flow takes place when the junction is reversed-biased. It is a variation of a tunnel diode. a. esaki diode b. read diode c. zener diode d. backward diode ANS: D 136. Is the combination of the inductance of the leads and electrodes, capacitance of the junction and the resistance of the junction of a semiconductor diode a. diode impedance b. diode ac resistance c. diode reactance d. diode ac parameter ANS: A 137. The appearance of RF current oscillations in a dc-biased slab of n-type gallium arsenide in a 3.3kV electric field a. Gunn effect b. Hall effect c. Zener effect d. Avalanche ANS: A 138. a. b. c. d. ANS: D Quiescent or Q-point is dependent on the supply voltage the load resistance the type of diode All of the above

139. A germanium diode is connected to a load resistance of 1.5 kilo ohms and is supplied with 12 V such that the diode will be forward biased. What is the voltage across the diode? a. approximately 12 v b. approximately 0.7 v c. approximately 0.3 v d. lack of data and cant be solved] ANS: C 140. What is the drop across the diode when it is connected in series to a resistor of 1.8 kilo ohms and a supply voltage of 50 V. the supply voltage causes the diode to be reverse biased a. 50 V b. 0.7 V c. 0.3 V d. cant be solved, lack of data ANS: A 141. Two germanium diodes are connected in series and have a load resistance of 10 kilo ohms and a forward supply voltage of 5 V. Calculate the voltage across the load resistor. a. 4.7 V b. 4.4 V c. 0.6 V d. 0.3 V ANS: B 142. A silicon diode is in parallel with a germanium diode and is connected to a load resistor having a value of 20 kilo ohms and a forward supply voltage of 10 V. What is the approximate voltage across the silicon diode? a. 10 V b. 1.0 V c. 0.7 V d. 0.3 V ANS: D

143. What is the output voltage across a load resistor if it is paralleled with a forward biased silicon diode? The resistor network is supplied with 10 V. a. 0.7 V b. 9.3 V c. 10 V d. cant be solved, lack of data ANS: A 144. A network with a diode and a capacitor that is used to shift the dc- level of the input signal a. clipper b. clamper c. shifter d. level inverter ANS: B 145. A chopper, employing an alternately biased diode as the switching element a. diode chopper b. active chopper c. junction chopper d. All are correct ANS: A 146. A light emitting diode (LED) is to be used in a circuit with a supply voltage of 5 V. What should be the value of the resistor needed by the LED to operate normally? a. 25 ohms b. 250 ohms c. 25 kilo ohms d. 250 kilo ohms ANS: B 147. from a. b. c. d. ANS: C The flow of electron in a NPN transistor when used in electronic circuit is collector to base base to collector emitter to collector base to emitter

148. A three terminal, three layer semiconductor device that has the ability to multiply charge carriers. This device was first introduced at Bell Laboratories, by Brattain and Bardeen in 1947 and which opens a completely new direction o f interest and development in the field of electronic. a. triode b. triac c. SCR d. Transistor ANS: D 149. In a semiconductor device, a p-n junction formed by alloying a suitable material such as indium with the semiconductor a. alloy junction b. diffused junction c. depletion junction d. storage junction ANS: A 150. At forward-biased junction of PNP transistor, majority carriers flow heavily a. from p- to the n-type material b. from n- to p-type material c. from p- to p-type material d. A and B above ANS: A 151. a. b. c. d. ANS: A 152. a. b. c. d. ANS: C Phrases not pointing in and pointing in simply means npn and pnp pnp and npn npn only pnp only The formal name of c Common-collector reverse-current amplification factor Common-collector forward-current amplification factor Common-emitter forward-current amplification factor Common-emitter reverse-current amplification factor

153. At base-emitter junction, using an ohmmeter, if the positive (+) lead is connected to the base and the negative (-) lead to the emitter, a low resistance reading would indicate a. npn transistor b. pnp transistor c. germanium transistor d. silicon transistor ANS: A 154. a. b. c. d. ANS: C 155. Among the three characteristics of a transistor amplifier, which region is normally employed for linear (undistorted) amplifiers? a. active region b. cutoff region c. saturation region d. capital region ANS: A 156. If the base-emitter junction is reversed biased and the base-collector junction is forward biased, the transistor will be at what region of operation? a. active region b. cutoff region c. saturation region d. breakdown region ANS: B 157. What region the transistor should be operating to have minimum distortion at the output signal? a. active region b. cutoff region c. saturation region d. None of the above ANS: A For an on transistor, the voltage V BE should be in the neighborhood of 0.3 V 0.55 V 0.7 V 1.7 V

158. Solve for the base current if the collector current is 600 mA and the current gain is 20. a. 30 mA b. 3 mA c. 12 mA d. 1.2 Ma ANS: A 159. A transistor with =100 is connected as common base; was found to have a leakage current ICBQ=1 A. if the transistor is configured as common e mitter, what is the approximate value of its ICEO? a. 0.01 A b. 1.0 A c. 100 A d. 10 Ma ANS: C 160. The current gain of a transistor decreases as the operating frequency increases. As the operating frequency is increased continuously, a point occurs where the current gain becomes unity. This point, is best described by what transistor parameter? a. unity gain frequency b. 0 dB frequency c. cutoff frequency d. unity gain bandwidth product or unity current gain bandwidth product ANS: D 161. When the base is common to both the input and output sides of the configuration and is usually the terminal closest to, or at ground potential, it is called what? a. common-emitter terminology b. common-collector terminology c. common-base terminology d. All of these ANS: C 162. a. b. c. d. Which of the transistor configuration has the highest input resistance? common base common emitter common collector common transistor

ANS: C 163. One of the following amplifier characteristic refers to that of a commonbase (C-B) as compared to common-emitter (C-E) and common-collector (C-C) amplifiers a. has larger current gain b. has lower input resistance c. has higher input resistance d. has larger voltage gain ANS: B 164. a. b. c. d. ANS: C 165. Common-collector has the lowest power gain and a voltage gain of approximately one. In contrast to this, what configuration has the highest power gain? a. common-base b. common-collector c. common-emitter d. emitter- follower ANS: C 166. a. b. c. d. ANS: A 167. Junction field effect transistor or JFET has three terminals which corresponds to the E-B-C of the BJT a. D-S-G b. D-G-S c. S-G-D d. S-D-G ANS: C Considered as the basic FET or the simplest form of FET JFET MOS-FET IGFET VMOS-FET Most frequently used transistor configuration for pnp and npn common-base common-collector common-emitter A and C above

168. A BJT is a current-controlled current-source device while JFET is a _______ device a. current-controlled voltage-source b. voltage-controlled voltage-source c. voltage-controlled current-source d. voltage-controlled transconductance-source ANS: C 169. For a normal operation of an n-channel JFET, d\how do you bias the gatesource junction? a. positive-negative respectively b. negative-positive respectively c. forward-biased d. Any of the above ANS: B 170. The current that flows into channel of a JFET when the gate-source voltage is zero a. drain-source saturation current b. drain-source cutoff current c. drain-source leakage current d. drain-source pinch-off current ANS: A 171. In FET, the conduction path of the output is controlled by the electric field as its name implies. How does an electric field in FET established? a. By the charges present at the gate due to the reverse-biased junction b. By the application of reverse-biased between the gate and drain c. By the charges produced due to the applied potential between drain and source VDS d. By the charges present at each terminal due to the applied potential ANS: A 172. An n-channel JFET has a drain-source saturation current IDSS=10 mA and a gate-source pinch-off voltage Vp=-4 V. if the applied reverse gate-source voltage VGS=2 V, calculate the drain current ID. a. 2.5 mA b. 5.0 mA c. 10.0 mA d. 22.5 Ma ANS: A

173. Base from Shockleys equation of a JFET, what is the drain current when the applied voltage V GS is exactly equal to the pinch-off voltage Vp? a. IDSS b. maximum c. minimum d. zero ANS: D 174. In MOSFET, it is the foundation upon which the device will be constructed and is formed from a silicon base a. substrate b. slab c. source d. base ANS: A 175. What type of MOSFET whose channel is originally thick but narrows as the proper gate bias is applied? a. enhancement b. depletion c. transverse d. All of the above ANS: B 176. To switch off the depletion type MOSFET, the channel should be depleted. Depletion of the channel is done by applying enough voltage across the gate-source terminal. What do you call this voltage? a. pinch-off voltage b. trigger voltage c. holding voltage d. threshold voltage ANS: A 177. a. b. c. d. ANS: A The substrate used in a p-channel IGFET enhancement type n-type material n+-type material p-type material p+-type material

178. a. b. c. d. ANS: D

The base material of a MOSFET which extends as an additional terminal source (S) channel (C) drain (D) substrate (SS)

179. Calculate the transconductance of a p-channel MOSFET enhancement type. If the gate-source voltage V GS=-8 V, threshold voltage VT =-4 and a constant k=-0.3 mA/V^2 a. 1.2 mS b. 2.4 mS c. 3.6 mS d. 7.2 mS ANS: B 180. a. b. c. d. ANS: C 181. A monolithic semiconductor-amplifying device in which a highimpedance GATE electrode controls the flow of current carriers through a thin bar of semiconductor called the CHANNEL Ohmic connections made to the ends of the channel constitute SOURCE and DRAIN electrodes a. BJT b. UJT c. FET d. UPT ANS: C 182. A junction field effect transistor has a drain saturation current of 10 mA and a pinch-off voltage of -4 V. calculate the maximum transconductance a. 2.5 mS b. 5.0 mS c. 25.0 mS d. 50.0 mS ANS: B Which FET operates as close as BJT in terms of switching? JFET MOSFET depletion type MOSFET enhancement type IGFET

183. What do you call an amplifier which has an output current flowing during the whole input current cycle? a. Class AB amplifier b. Class B amplifier c. Class A amplifier d. Class C amplifier ANS: C 184. a. b. c. d. ANS: A 185. a. b. c. d. ANS: B 186. A full 360 sine-wave signal is applied as an input to an unknown class of amplifier, if the output delivers only a pulse of less than 180, of what class does this amplifier belongs? a. Class AB b. Class B c. Class C d. Class D ANS: C 187. A class A amplifier has an efficiency of only 25%, but this can be increased if the output is coupled with a transformer. Up to how much is its efficiency will reach due to coupling? a. 36.5% b. 50% c. 68.5% d. 78.5% ANS: B An amplifier that delivers an output signal of 180 only Class A Class B Class AB Class D If a transistor amplifier provides a 360 output signal, it is classified as Class A Class B Class C Class D

188. a. b. c. d. ANS: B

Transistorized class C power amplifiers will usually have an efficiency of 25% 33% 50% 78.5%

189. For pulse-amplification, class D amplifier is mostly used. How efficient is a class D amplifier? a. About 25% efficient b. Less efficient than class B c. More efficient than class A but less efficient than class B d. Its efficiency reaches over 90% ANS: D 190. An amplifier of class AB means its output signal is between the output of class B and A, such that it varies from 180 (class B) to 360 (class A). How about its efficiency? a. Efficiency of class AB is in between the efficiency of class A and B, that is from 25%-78.5% b. It is always as efficient as class A (25%) c. It is always as efficient as class B (78.5%) d. The efficiency of class AB is the average of the efficiencies of both class A and class B (25%+78.5%)/2=51.75% ANS: A 191. a. b. c. d. ANS: D 192. a. b. c. d. ANS: D Which amplifiers can be used for linear amplification? Class A Class B Class C Class A or B Where does the Q-point of a class C amplifier positioned? at saturation region at active region at cutoff region below cutoff region

193. What do you call an amplifier that is biased to class C but modulates over the same portion of the curve as if it were biased to class B? a. Class S b. Class D c. Class AB d. Class BC ANS: D 194. Two class B amplifiers connected such that one amplifies the positive cycle and the other amplifies the remaining negative cycle. Both output signals are then coupled by a transformer to the load. a. transformer-coupled push-pull amplifier b. complementary-symmetry amplifier c. quasi-complementary push-pull amplifier d. transformer-coupled class a amplifier ANS: A 195. A push-pull amplifier that uses either npn or pnp as its final stage. The circuit configuration looks like the complementary-symmetry a. transformer-coupled push-pull amplifier b. complementary-symmetry amplifier c. quasi-complementary push-pull amplifier d. feed-back pair amplifier ANS: C 196. A nonlinear distortion in which the output consists of undesired harmonic frequencies of the input signal a. amplitude distortion b. frequency distortion c. cross-over distortion d. harmonic distortion ANS: D 197. a. b. c. d. ANS: C The overall gain of an amplifier in cascade is the sum the average of each the product 100% the sum

198. A direct-coupled two-stage transistor configuration wherein the outputn of the first transistor is directly coupled and amplified by the second transistor. This configuration gives a very high current gain a. cascade configuration b. cascode configuration c. darlington configuration d. feed-back pair ANS: C 199. Famous transistor amplifier configuration designed to eliminate the so called Miller effect a. cascode amplifier b. darlington amplifier c. differential amplifier d. complementary-symmetry ANS: A 200. An amplifier basically constructed from two transistors and whose output is proportional to the difference between the voltages applied to its two inputs a. differential amplifier b. cascode amplifier c. complementary amplifier d. quasi-complementary amplifier ANS: A 201. An amplifier having high-direct current stability and high immunity to oscillation, this is actually used to perform analog-computer functions such as summing and integrating a. operational amplifier (op-amp) b. parametric amplifier (par-amp) c. instrumentation amplifier d. DC-amplifier ANS: A 202. One of the most versatile and widely used electronic device in linear applications a. SCR b. FET c. UJT d. Op-amp ANS: D

203. It is very high-gain differential amplifier with very high input impedance and very low output impedance a. par-amp b. op-amp c. differential amplifier d. complementary amplifier ANS: B 204. a. b. c. d. ANS: D 205. a. b. c. d. ANS: B 206. a. b. c. d. ANS: A 207. An amplifier whose output is proportional to the difference between the voltages applied to its two inputs a. differential amplifier b. differencing c. delta amplifier d. cascode-amp ANS: A The circuit at the input stage of operational amplifiers differential amplifier cascaded amplifier current mirror complementary amplifier An operational amplifier must have at least how many usable termina ls? 3 terminals 5 terminals 8 terminals 14 terminals What are the possible applications of operational amplifiers (op-amps)? ac and dc-amplifiers oscillators and signal conditioning voltage- level detectors and comparators all of the above

208. a. b. c. d. ANS: A 209.

A good op-amp has a very high input resistance very low input resistance very high output resistance very low CMRR

How does the input of an op-amp make high? a. By using super beta transistor at the input differential stage b. By using FETs at the input differential stage c. By connecting a very high resistance in series with the input differential stage d. A and B above

ANS: D 210. a. b. c. d. ANS: C 211. a. b. c. d. ANS: D 212. Primarily, op-amps are operated with bipolar power supply, however, we can also use single polarity supply by a. generating a reference voltage above ground b. floating the negative supply terminal (v-) of the op-amp c. simply connecting the negative supply terminal (v-) of the op-amp to ground d. isolating the negative supply terminal (v-) by a capacitor ANS: A Why do most op-amps use a common-collector at the output stage? To have a higher output power To have a better frequency response To have a low harmonic distortion To have a very low output resistance What type of amplifier commonly used at the output stage of op-amps? Differential amplifier Cascade amplifier Complementary amplifier Darlington stage amplifier

213. Op-amps have two input terminals namely, the inverting (-) and noninverting (+) inputs. What is the significance of its name? a. If a sine-wave is applied to the inverting (-) input, the output will be inverted or shifted by 180, while if applied to the non-inverting (+) there will be no phase shift at the output b. If pulses are applied to the inverting (-) input, the positive pulse becomes negative at the output and vice versa, while if applied to the non- inverting (+) there will be no reversal of the pulse at the output c. In dc-amplifier applications, increasing input at the inverting (-) terminal causes the output to decrease and vice versa, while at the non- inverting (+) input, the output magnitude goes with the input. d. All of these are correct ANS: D 214. input? a. b. c. d. ANS: B 215. When one input of the op-amp is connected to ground and the other is to the signal source, its operation is called a. single-ended output b. double-ended output c. single-ended input d. double-ended input ANS: C 216. a. b. c. d. ANS: D The ratio of the differential gain and common gain of an op-amp Differential-common mode ratio Common-mode ratio Differential- mode rejection ratio Common-mode rejection ratio What do you call of the gain of an op-amp if operated in common mode differential gain common gain double-ended gain rejection gain

217. Calculate the CMRR of an op-amp having a common- mode gain of 10 and a differential- mode gain of 100,000 a. 1000 dB b. 100 dB c. 80 dB d. 40 Db ANS: C 218. The non- inverting and inverting inputs of an op-amp have an input voltage of 1.5 mV and 1.0 mV respectively. If the op-amp has a common- mode voltage gain of 10 and a differential- mode gain of 10,000, what is its output voltage? a. 5.0 V b. 5.0125 mV c. 5.0125 V d. 25.0125 V ANS: C 219. The A741 op-amp has a CMRR of 90 dB and a differential- mode voltage amplification of 200,000. What is the op- amps common- mode voltage gain? a. 31,622.778 b. 632.40 c. 6.324 d. 0.158 ANS: C 220. a. b. c. d. ANS: A 221. Ideal op-amp requires no input current, but real op-amp needs a very small input current called input bias current. At both inputs, the bias currents have a slight difference. What do you call this difference? a. Differential input current b. Differential bias c. Input offset difference d. Input offset current ANS: D The current needed at the input of an op-amp to operate it normally input bias current input offset current input threshold current input holding current

222. The reason why a slight difference between the input bias current occurs in op-amps is due to the unsymmetrical circuit component parameters. This unsymmetrical condition also produces a difference in input voltage called what? a. Drift voltage b. Differential voltage c. Input offset voltage d. Input threshold voltage ANS: C 223. Ideally, the output voltage of an op-amp is zero when there is no input signal, however, in practical circuits, a small output voltage appears, this voltage is known as a. Minimum output voltage b. Pinch-off voltage c. Output offset voltage d. Saturation voltage ANS: C 224. Calculate the output offset voltage of an inverting amplifier using op-amp with an input offset current of 10 nA. The circuit is having an input resistance of 10 kilo ohms and a feedback resistance of 100 kilo ohms a. 0.1 mV b. 1.0 mV c. 10.0 mV d. 100.0 mV ANS: B 225. An op-amp inverting amplifier uses a feedback resistor of 100 kilo ohms and input resistor of 10 kilo ohms. If the op=amps input offset voltage is 2.0 mV, approximate the amplifier output offset voltage due to this input offset voltage a. 10 mV b. 11 mV c. 20 mV d. 22 mV ANS: D

226. The output offset voltage of an op-amp is due to the input offset current and voltage. If 1 mV is due to the input offset current and 22 mV due to the input offset voltage, what is the total output offset voltage of the op-amp? a. 11.5 mV b. 22 mV c. 23 mV d. 45 mV ANS: C 227. What is the bias-current compensating resistor in op-amp circuits? a. A resistor used to reduce the undesired output offset voltage due to the input offset current b. A resistor connected between the non- inverting terminal and ground c. A resistor used to balance both input bias currents and therefore eliminates the input offset current d. All of these

ANS: D 228. What is the effect of the input offset voltage to the output voltage if the op-amp has no feedback element? a. Causes the output to be always at cutoff b. Causes the output to saturate towards positive c. Causes the output to saturate towards negative d. Causes the output to saturate either towards positive or negative ANS: D 229. What is the most effective way of minimizing the output offset voltage of an op-amp? a. By reducing the value of the feedback resistor b. By increasing the value of the input resistor c. By a capacitor-compensation technique d. By properly using and adjusting the offset- null terminals ANS: D 230. The frequency at which the open- loop gain of an op-amp is 0.707 times its value at very low frequency a. Threshold frequency b. Break frequency c. Minimum frequency d. Operating frequency ANS: B

231. a. b. c. d. ANS: B

The reduction of op-amps gain due to increasing operating frequency Cutoff Roll-off Diminishing factor Reduction step

232. A reduction of op- amps voltage gain by a factor of two each time the frequency doubles a. 2 dB/octave b. 2 dB/decade c. 6 dB/octave d. 6 dB/decade ANS: C 233. a. b. c. d. ANS: D 234. An op-amp has a specified transient response rise time of 0.3 s, calculate its unity-gain bandwidth a. 0.857 MHz b. 1.0 MHz c. 1.167 MHz d. 2.334 MHz ANS: C 235. Rise time is defined as the time required for the output voltage to rise from ____ to _____ of its final value a. 0% - 100% b. 1% - 99% c. 5% - 95% d. 10% - 90% ANS: D The low and high cutoff frequencies of an amplifier is also called Corner frequencies 0.707 frequencies 3-dB frequencies All of these are correct

236. What is the maximum signal frequency that can be used in an op-amp having a specified slew rate of 0.5 V/sec? The maximum output voltage desired is 5 V a. 16 kHz b. 32 kHz c. 100 kHz d. 1 MHz ANS: A 237. When an op-amp is used as a comparator, the output voltage would be +VSAT if a. V+ > Vb. V- > V+ c. V- = V+ d. V- and V+ are both zero ANS: A 238. a. b. c. d. ANS: A 239. a. b. c. d. ANS: A 240. A unity-gain summing amplifier has three input, V1=1.0 mV, V2=1.5 mV and V3=2.5 mV, calculate the total output voltage a. 2.5 mV b. 3.5 mV c. 4.0 mV d. 5.0 mV ANS: D The voltage gain of an op-amp voltage follower Unity Rf/Ri 1 + Rf/Ri Depends on the type of an op-amp The feedback element of a differentiator constructed from op-amp is a resistor an inductor a capacitor an RC network

241. In most ac-amplifiers using op-amps, the feedback resistor is shunted with a very small capacitance, what is its purpose? a. To prevent oscillation b. To improve stability c. To minimize high frequency noise d. To compensate for high frequency loss ANS: C 242. Approximate the noise- gain of an inverting adder using op-amps if its has five inputs a. Unity (1) b. Two (2) c. Four (4) d. Six(6) ANS: D 243. a. b. c. d. ANS: B 244. amps a. b. c. d. ANS: D 245. Op-amps designed to operate at high slew rate, about 2000 V/sec and at high frequencies, more than 50 MHz a. General purpose op-amps b. High power op-amps c. High-stability op-amps d. High- frequency, high-slew rate op-amps ANS: D Typical value of the external frequency-compensating capacitor of op3 30 nF 30 300 nF 0.3 3.0 F 3.0 30 F What is true about the external frequency-compensation capacitor? The higher its value, the wider is its bandwidth The lower its value, the wider is its bandwidth The higher its value, the faster its slew rate A and C above

246. The magnitude of the op-amps input offset voltage before it can be classified as a low- input offset voltage op-amp a. 0.2 mV b. 2.0 mV c. 2.5 mV d. 5.0 mV ANS: A 247. The most popular op-amp packages are the metal can, 8-pin DIP and the SMT. Which of these corresponds to TO-99? a. Metal can b. 8-pin DIP c. SMT d. All of the above ANS: A 248. a. b. c. d. ANS: C 249. a. b. c. d. ANS: C 250. a. b. c. d. ANS: D Example(s) of surface- mounted technology (SMT) devices PLCCs SOICs LCCCs All of the above For high density ICs involving many op-amps, what packaging is suitable? Metal can 14-pin DIL SMT Flat-pack Dual- in- line or DIL package is designated as TO-99 TO-91 TO-116 TO-220

251. a. b. c. d. ANS: C

Circuits that produces alternating or pulsating current or voltage Damper Generator Oscillator Mixer

252. What do you call the oscillator circuit that uses a tapped coil in the tuned circuit? a. Pierce b. Colpitts c. Hartley d. Ultraudion ANS: C 253. Type of oscillator whose frequency is dependent on the charge and discharge of the RC networks a. Hartley oscillator b. Colpitts oscillator c. Relaxation oscillator d. Klystron oscillator ANS: C 254. a. b. c. d. ANS: D 255. A self-excited oscillator in which the tank is divided into input and feedback potions by a capacitive voltage divider a. Hartley oscillator b. Colpitts oscillator c. Relaxation oscillator d. Klystron oscillator ANS: A A microwave oscillator Hartley oscillator Colpitts oscillator Relaxation oscillator Klystron oscillator

256. A circuit usually containing two transistors or tubes in an RC-coupled amplifier, the two active devices switch each other alternately on and off a. Multivibrator b. Signal generator c. Oscillator d. Thyristor ANS: A 257. a. b. c. d. ANS: A 258. a. b. c. d. ANS: D 259. a. b. c. d. ANS: B 260. a. b. c. d. ANS: B It is also known as Eccles/Jordan circuit monostable multivibrator bistable multivibrator astable multivibrator unstable multivibrator A multivibrator having two stable states monostable bistable astable unstable Monostable multivibrator is also known as one shot single shot direct shot one shot or single shot A multivibrator that generates one output pulse for each input trigger pulse monostable astable bistable tristable

261. a. b. c. d. ANS: B 262. a. b. c. d. ANS: C

Flip-flop is actually a _______ multivibrator monostable bistable astable unstable

Considered as a free-running multivibrator monostable bistable astable unstable

263. A secondary cell whose active positive plate consists of nickel hydroxide and active negative plate material is powdered iron oxide mixed with cadmium. Its typical output when fully charged is Vo=1.2 V a. Leclanche cell b. Dry cell c. Edison cell d. Lead-acid cell ANS: C 264. a. b. c. d. ANS: D 265. testing a. b. c. d. ANS: A The maximum current a cell can deliver through a 0.01 ohm load during Flash current Surge current Ideal current Full- load current If a cell can be charged after it is depleted, it is considered as A secondary cell A storage cell An accumulator All of the above

266. How long will a battery need to operate a 240 Watts equipment, whose capacity is 100 Ah and 24 volts rating? a. 5 hrs b. 10 hrs c. 1 hr d. 0.10 hr ANS: B 267. a. b. c. d. ANS: B 268. a. b. c. d. ANS: A 269. a. b. c. d. ANS: C 270. A junction between two conductors that exhibits electrical characteristics under condition of changing temperature a. Pn junction b. Photojunction c. Thermoelectric junction d. Hydroelectric junction ANS: C The flat 9-V battery has how many cells in series? 3 4 6 9 Silver cadmium cell has a nominal open-circuit voltage of 1.05 V 1.5 V 2.1 V 2.2 V Find the output of a four (4) lead acid cells 3.2 V 8.4 V 5.8 V 12 V

271. a. b. c. d. ANS: D 272. a. b. c. d. ANS: D 273. a. b. c. d. ANS: C

Electricity that is generated due to heat, as in thermocouple Thermodynamics Thermojunction Electric heater Thermoelectricity

Electrical machines refer to machines that convert mechanical to electrical energy electrical to mechanical energy electrical energy to one form of electrical energy of another form all of the above

Electrical machine that converts ac voltage to dc voltage or vice versa generator motor rotary converter frequency converter

274. In electrical machines, what do you call the set of conductors wound on laminated cores of good magnetic permeability? a. Armature core b. Armature winding c. Rotary winding d. Rotary core ANS: B 275. a. b. c. Generally, in dc generators The armature winding is rotated with respect to a stationary magnetic field produced by electromagnets or permanent magnets The electromagnets or permanent magnets (magnetic fields) are rotated with respect to the stationary armature winding Current is sent into the armature winding; or the armature winding is usually placed in a stationary laminated iron core and the rotating element may or may not be a set of magnet poles, it depends on the type of motor The armature winding is supplied with current; or the armature is placed inside a set of radially supported magnetic poles

d.

ANS: A

276. a. b.

c. d.

Generally, in ac generators The armature winding is rotated by a stationary magnetic field produced by electromagnets or permanent magnets Current is sent into the armature winding; or the armature winding is usually placed in a stationary laminated iron core and the rotating element may or may not be a set of magnet poles, it depends on the type of motor The electromagnets or permanent magnets (magnetic fields) are rotated with respect to the stationary armature winding The armature winding is supplied with current; or the armature is placed inside a set of radially supported magnetic poles

ANS: C 277. In a compound generator, which field winding usually, has a lower resistance? a. Series field winding b. Shunt field winding c. Armature winding d. Excitation winding ANS: A 278. Find the frequency in kilocycles per second in the armature of a 10 pole, 1,200 rpm generator a. 100 b. 1000 c. 10 d. 0.1 ANS: D 279. What should be the speed of a 6-pole ac generator in order to have a frequency of 50 Hz? a. 100 rpm b. 500 rpm c. 1000 rpm d. 1500 rpm ANS: C 280. a. b. c. d. ANS: A Synchronous type of ac-motor Uses a dc- generator to supply dc-excitation to the rotating field Uses pulsating dc Uses alternator Has an ac or dc depending on the type of machine

281. a. b. c. d. ANS: A 282. a. b. c. d. ANS: D

In dc motors, when does severe arcing happen? During starting During rated speed During speed fluctuation During shutdown

In dc motors, the emf developed which opposes to the supplied voltage Residual emf Induced emf Coercive emf Counter emf or back emf

283. Which dc motors whose speed is greatly affected by a change in load? It will even run-away if the load is removed a. Series b. Shunt c. Cumulatively compounded d. Differentially compounded ANS: A 284. a. b. c. d. ANS: D 285. One advantage of a cumulatively compounded motor is that it does not run widely at light loads, this feature is due to a. Shunt winding b. Brake winding c. Series winding d. Clutch winding ANS: A The torque of a dc motor is Directly proportional to the field strength Inversely proportional to the field strength Directly proportional to the armature current A and C are correct

286. a. b. c. d. ANS: C 287. a. b. c. d. ANS: A

Which thyristor is commonly used as motor speed control? Triac Diac SCR SUS

For transformers, zero efficiency happens when it has No load 1/2 of full load 2/3 of full load Full load

288. What are the two parameters in transformers that are the same in both primary and secondary? a. Power and voltage b. Power and current c. Power and impedance d. Voltage per turn and ampere-turns ANS: D 289. a. b. c. d. ANS: D 290. Generally, in what application you consider the use of one-type transformers? a. Low voltage and low current b. Low voltage and high current c. High voltage and low current d. High voltage and high current ANS: C In transformers, the amount of copper used in the primary is Less than that of the secondary Greater than that of secondary Exactly twice that of secondary Almost equal as that of secondary

291. _________ currents are wasteful currents which flows in cores of transformers and produces heat a. Residual b. Eddy c. Sneak d. Magnetizing ANS: B 292. In transformers, the voltage per turn at the primary is ______ the secondary a. less than that of b. greater than that of c. a factor of d. the same as ANS: D 293. The ratio of the amount of the magnetic flux linking a secondary coil compared to the flux generated by the primary coil a. Coupling factor b. Mutual coupling c. Coefficient of coupling d. Hysteresis factor ANS: C 294. Most electronic devices/circuits require dc-voltage to operate. A battery is a good power source, however, its operating time is limited. The use of the battery also proves to be expensive. A more practical alternative is to use the household main supply and since this is an ac-voltage, it must be converted to a dc-voltage. The circuit that converts this ac- voltage to a dc- voltage is called a. Rectifier b. Clamper c. Filter d. Regulator ANS: A 295. Find direct current voltage from a full- wave rectifier with 120 V peak rectified voltage a. 60 V b. 7.639 V c. 76.39 V d. 6.0 V ANS: C

296. a. b. c. d. ANS: C

The dc-voltage of a full wav bridge rectifier 0.318 Vmax 0.45 Vmax 0.636 Vmax 0.90 Vmax

297. For a power supply with a peak-=to-peak ripple voltage of 5 Vpp, determine its rms ripple a. 1.44 Vrms b. 1.77 Vrms c. 2.88 Vrms d. 3.54 Vrms ANS: A 298. a. b. c. d. ANS: D 299. a. b. c. d. ANS: C 300. A load draws 1 A current from a 10-V regulated power supply. Calculate the power dissipated by the regulator if it has an input voltage of 16 V. a. 6 Watts b. 10 Watts c. 12 Watts d. 16 Watts ANS: A A voltage regulator connected in parallel with the load Series regulator Parallel regulator Shunt regulator Switching regulator Which power supply filter gives the smallest ripple voltage? Capacitor filter RC-filter LC-filter Multi-section LC-filter

301. Three-terminal fixed positive voltage regulators commonly used in industry a. 78XX series b. 79XX series c. 723 IC regulator d. 317 regulator ANS: A 302. The three-terminal voltage regulator such as the 78XX series has a typical current rating of 1.5 amperes. If a high current is required, say 30 amperes, how will you make modifications from this regulator in order to provide the required current? a. By cascading them b. By the use of a crowbar circuit c. By connecting them in parallel d. By the use of external pass transistor ANS: D 303. a. b. c. d. ANS: D 304. In switching regulators, what are the semiconductor devices that can be used as controllable power switches? a. BJTs and MDs b. MOSFETs and IGBT c. GTOs and thyristors d. All of the above ANS: D A crowbar circuit is used To monitor the output current of a power supply and automatically shuts down the system when an overload occur To monitor the temperature of a power supply and switches the cooling fan when a threshold temperature is reached As voltage reference in regulated power supplies As an over- voltage protection in power supplies

305. Active devices used in switching regulators may experience large overcurrents during conduction (turn-on-state) and large over-voltages during turn-off. These excessive currents and voltages may cause distraction or damage of the active devices. How do we protect them? a. By the use of a crowbar circuit b. By providing a buck-boost circuit c. by shunting a thyrector d. by installing a snubber circuit ANS: D 306. One of the major concerns in power electronics is to clean-up or shape-up the utility- voltage (the wall-outlet 220 V/60 Hz) from disturbances such as overvolt, undervolt, voltage spikes and harmonic distortions. What circuit is used for this? a. Power conditioners b. UPS c. Power inverters d. Line scanning ANS: A 307. A power supply that continuously provides undervoltage, overvoltage and even power outages a. Standby power supply b. Uninterruptible power supply c. Power conditioners d. Regulated power supply ANS: B 308. The art or process of determining the existence or knowing the magnitude of something, directly or indirectly in terms of a recognized standard a. Measurement b. Testing c. Recording d. Evaluating ANS: A 309. a. b. c. d. ANS: D Precision is also known as Correctness Accuracy Sharpness Reproducibility protection against

310. Errors due frictions of the meter movement, incorrect spring tension, improper calibration or faulty instruments a. Observational errors b. Environmental errors c. Instrument errors d. Gross errors ANS: C 311. Errors in analog meter reading due to your physical position with respect to the meter scale a. Parallax error b. Angular error c. Linear error d. Deviation ANS: A 312. What do you call the difference between any number within the set of numbers and the arithmetic mean of that set of numbers? a. Parallax error b. Angular error c. Linear error d. Deviation ANS: D 313. a. b. c. d. ANS: B 314. What is that device, which depends on the action of a movable permanent magnet in aligning itself in the resultant field, produced either by a fixed permanent magnet and an adjacent coil or coils carrying current or by two or more current-carrying coils whose axes are displaced by a fixed angle? a. D Arsonval meter movement b. Induction instrument c. Moving- magnet instrument d. Moving- iron instrument ANS: C A permanent- magnet moving-coil instrument Induction instrument D Arsonval meter movement Moving- iron instrument Moving- magnet instrument

315. a. b. c. d. ANS: A

Measurement of high dc-voltages is usually done by using electrostatic dynamometer thermocouple PMMC

316. The instrument measures temperatures by electric means, especially temperatures beyond the range of mercury thermometers a. Pyrometer b. Electrostatic instrument c. Moving- magnet instrument d. Permanent- magnet moving-coil instrument ANS: A 317. Resistance measuring instrument particularly used in de termining the insulation resistance a. Megaohmmeter b. Megger c. Galvanometer d. A and B are correct ANS: D 318. An indicating instrument whose movable coils rotate between two stationary coils, usually used as wattmeter a. Induction-type meter b. Radial- vane instrument c. Electrodynamometer d. Concentric- vane instrument ANS: C 319. a. b. c. d. ANS: C Which dynamometer instrument has a uniform scale? Voltmeter Ammeter Ohmmeter Wattmeter

320. a. b. c. d. ANS: A 321. a. b. c. d. ANS: C 322. a. b. c. d. ANS: A

Error in ammeter reading is due to Insertion Loading Battery aging Conversion

For the greatest accuracy, what should be the input impedance of a VOM? 1,000 ohms/V 50,000 ohms/V As large as possible As small as possible

A meter has a full-scale current of 50 A, what is its sensitivity? 20 kilo ohms/V 20 V/ohm 50 kilo ohms/V 50 A/V

323. If a meter with full-scale current of 100 A is used as an ac voltmeter with a half- wave rectification, its ac sensitivity is a. 10,000 ohms/V b. 4,500 ohms/V c. 9,000 ohms/V d. 100 ohms/V ANS: B 324. a. b. c. d. ANS: A The zero-adjust control in an analog type ohmmeter used to Compensate for the differing internal battery voltage Make sure the pointer is moving correctly Align the infinity resistance position Align the zero-voltage position

325. What do you call of an instrument that depends for its operation on the reaction between magnetic flux set up by currents in fixed windings and other currents set up by electromagnetic induction in movable conducting parts? a. Induction instrument b. Electrostatic instrument c. Moving- magnet instrument d. D Arsonval meter movement ANS: A 326. What is the measuring instrument that uses the force of repulsion between fixed and movable magnetized iron vanes, or the force between a coil and pivoted vane-shaped piece of soft iron to move the indicating pointer? a. Pyrometer b. Vane-type instrument c. Electrostatic instrument d. Moving- magnet instrument ANS: B 327. Its an electrostatic voltmeter in which an assembly of figure 8 -shaped metal plates rotates between the plates of a stationary assembly when a voltage is applied between the assemblies. The length of the arc of rotatio n is proportional to the electrostatic attraction and thus, to the applied voltage a. Varmeter b. Variometer c. Potentiometer d. Kelvin voltmeter ANS: D 328. This is a method of using a Wheatstone bridge to determine the distance from the test point to a fault in telephone or telegraph line or cable a. Mesh b. Varley loop c. Batten system d. Cordonnier system ANS: B

329. Refers to an ac bridge for measuring the inductance and Q of an inductor in terms of resistance, frequency and a standard capacitance a. Hay bridge b. Maxwell bridge c. Slide-wire bridge d. Wheatstone bridge ANS: A 330. A type of four-arm capacitance bridge in which the unknown capacitance is compared with a standard capacitance. This bridge is frequently employed in testing electrolytic capacitors to which a dc polarizing voltage is applied during the measurement. What is this bridge? a. Hay bridge b. Maxwell bridge c. Schering bridge d. Wheatstone bridge ANS: C 331. When the capacitors of a Wein bridge are replaced by inductors, the bridge becomes a. Wein-bridge filters b. Variometer c. Schering bridge d. Wein inductance bridge ANS: D 332. a. b. c. d. ANS: A 333. In RF or microwave system, what instrument is used to measure the incidental and reflected signals? a. Oscilloscope b. Reflectometer c. Incident-wave meter d. Spectrum analyzer ANS: B What are the two most popular RF oscillators? Wein bridge and Colpitts Wein bridge and phase-shift Colpitts and Hartley Hartley and phase-shift

334. meter, a. b. c. d. ANS: C 335. a. b. c. d. ANS: A 336. a. b. c. d. ANS: B

A tunable RF instrument, which by means of a sharp dip of an indicating indicates resonance with an external circuit under test Reflectometer Inclinometer Dip meter Grid-dip meter

When the meter is insufficiently damped, it is considered as Underdamped Overdamped Critically damped Negatively damped

A meter when _____ damped will become insensitive to small signals Under Over Critically Negatively

337. One type of circuit control device which may be manual, automatic or multi-contact a. Fuse b. Breaker c. Switch d. Relay ANS: B 338. a. b. c. d. ANS: D Common method(s) of controlling electrical power with reactance Switching a tapped inductor Using a saturable reactor By a matching transformer A and B above

339. An electronic switch that has the highest single-device current capacity and can withstands overloads better a. Thyratrons b. Ignitrons c. SCR d. Triac ANS: B 340. A semiconductor, electronic switch that has the highest single-device current rating a. Thyristor b. Triac c. SCR d. Quadrac ANS: C 341. Using electronic devices as switches, what is(are) the general methods of controlling electrical power? a. Phase control b. Zero- voltage switching c. Static switching d. All of the above ANS: D 342. a. b. c. d. ANS: B 343. General term of electronic devices used to control or trigger large-power switching devices a. Thyristor b. Thyrector c. Break-over devices d. Triggering devices ANS: C One of the electronic semiconductor devices known as diac, function as Four terminal multi-directional switch Two terminal bi-directional switch Two terminal unidirectional switch Three terminal bi-directional switch

344. a. b. c. d. ANS: A 345.

The most popular thyristor used in electrical power controllers SCR Triac SCS PUT

What is true about SCRs after they are being switched ON? a. The anode to cathode continues to conduct even if the gate triggering voltage is removed b. The gate must be provided with the required holding current to continue its conduction c. A small holding voltage at the gate is required for a continuous conduction d. B and C above

ANS: A 346. a. b. c. d. ANS: D 347. A SCR rated 10 A is used as the controlling switch in a circuit powered by 50 Vdc. When the SCR fires ON, its anode to cathode voltage was observed to be 2 V. calculate the break-back voltage of the SCR a. 25 Vdc b. 32 Vdc c. 41 Vdc d. 48 Vdc ANS: D What is(are) the condition(s) in triggering SCR? The gate voltage must be equal to or greater than the triggering voltage The gate current must be equal to or greater than the triggering current The anode must be positive with respect to the cathode All of the above

348. a. b. c. d. ANS: D

What is(are) the gate limitation(s) of SCRs and triacs? Maximum gate power dissipation Maximum gate peak-inverse voltage Maximum gate trigger current and voltage All of the above

349. Use of heat sinks, forced air and water cooling are examples of external cooling in SCRs and other devices. Which of these is the only recommended to be used for the largest power dissipating device? a. Metal heat sinks b. Forced air c. Water cooling d. A and B above ANS: C 350. In connecting two SCRs in series during OFF state, the voltage source must be properly shared between them, but due to devices differences there might be unequal voltages across each SCR. How do we equalize these voltages? a. By installing a snubber circuit b. By adding a gat-to-cathode resistor c. By shunting a capacitor across the anode and cathode of each SCR d. By using a blocking-equalizing resistor ANS: D 351. What is true regarding blocking-equalizing resistors in SCRs connected in series? a. Blocking-equalizing resistors are shunted across each SCR b. The value of these resistors is about 10% of the value of the blocking resistance of the SCR it is shunted with c. These resistors increase the leakage current towards the load d. All of the above ANS: D 352. A circuit used for voltage equalization during ON-OFF switching action of SCRs in series a. Snubber circuit b. Crow bar c. Clipper d. Clamper ANS: A

353. When a high current is needed, SCRs are connected in parallel. The problem with paralleled SCRs is when they are not perfectly matched, one will conduct first before the other and carries the full load current that is for sure greater than its maximum rating. To avoid this situation, both SCRs should be turned ON at the same time. How can we do this? a. By using high triggering gate voltage b. By using a gate-trigger transformer c. By using reactors d. All of the above are possible ANS: D 354. How many times per second does an SCR is turned ON and OFF when it is operated in a full wave phase control at a line frequency of 60 Hz? a. 30 times b. 60 times (HV) c. 90 times d. 120 times (FW) ANS: D 355. a. b. c. d. ANS: D 356. a. b. c. d. ANS: A 357. A silicon bilateral switch may be considered as a small power triac and has three terminals namely a. Anode 1, anode 2 and gate b. Main terminal 1, main terminal 2 and gate c. Anode, cathode and gate d. Both A and B are acceptable ANS: D Which are the three terminals of a TRIAC? Gate, anode1 and anode2 Gate, source and sink Base, emitter and collector Emitter, base 1 and base 2 A triac can be triggered ON by the application of a Positive voltage at the gate with respect to MT1 Negative voltage at the gate with respect to MT1 Positive or negative gate voltage with respect to MT2 All of the above are correct

358. Silicon unilateral switches (SUSs) generally have a break-over voltage of 8 V, however, this value can be altered by normally connecting a zener diode. How is the diode installed? a. Across the gate and cathode terminals, with the diodes anode at the gate b. Anode to anode, cathode to cathode c. Diodes cathode to SUSs anode and diodes anode to SUSs cathode d. Diodes cathode to SUSs gate and diodes anode to SUSs cathode ANS: D 359. Thyristor whose characteristic curve closely resembles that of SCRs and SUSs except that its forward break -over voltage (+VBO) is not alterable, for the device has no gate terminal a. Diac b. Thyrector c. UJT d. Shockley diode ANS: D 360. A UJT or unijunction transistor is a three terminal break-over type switching device. Its three terminals are called base 1, base 2 and emitter. Though this is a transistor and has base and emitter terminals, this operates very different from a BJT and is not used as a linear amplifier. Its applications are for a. Timers and oscillators b. Signal generators c. Triggering control for SCRs and triacs d. All of the above ANS: D 361. A UJT has an internal resistances of R B1 =6 kilo ohms and RB2 =3 kilo ohms, what is its interbase resistance? a. 2 kilo ohms b. 3 kilo ohms c. 6 kilo ohms d. 9 kilo ohms ANS: D

362. a. b. c. d. ANS: D

Why does thyristors with high break-back voltage desirable? It dissipates less power It generates less heat It is more efficient All of the above

363. After the squeeze interval, what comes next in an automatic welding system? a. Squeeze interval b. Weld interval c. Hold interval d. Standby interval ANS: B 364. During welding or weld interval, when a welding current is flowing the system is said to be at a. Weld interval b. Cool subinterval c. Heat subinterval d. Hold interval ANS: C 365. a. b. c. d. ANS: A 366. a. b. c. d. ANS: D In control system, closed- loop means It has feedback It is self-correcting It is self-regulating All are correct Industrial circuit or system that is not self-correcting Open-loop Closed- loop System with feed back Non-servo

367. In closed- loop control system, what do you call the difference in the measured value and the set value or desired value? a. Error b. Differential voltage c. Potential difference d. Threshold ANS: A 368. is at a. b. c. d. ANS: A 369. The small error signal or system deviation where the system cannot correct anymore a. Threshold b. Holding c. Offset d. Bias ANS: C 370. _______ is a mode of control wherein the controller has a continuous range of possible position, not just two as in bang-bang control a. On-Off b. Proportional c. Proportional plus integral d. Proportional plus derivative ANS: B 371. What is(are) being considered in Proportional plus Integral plus Derivative (PID) mode of control? a. Error signal magnitude b. Error signal period of occurrence c. Error signal rate of change d. All are considered ANS: D In a closed-loop control system, when the error signal is zero, the system Null Saturation Cut-off Halt

372. A programmable, multifunction manipulator designed to move materials, parts, tools or specific devices a. Industrial robot b. Android c. Actuator d. End effector ANS: A 373. a. b. c. d. ANS: D 374. a. b. c. d. ANS: B 375. a. b. c. d. ANS: D 376. a. b. c. d. ANS: B Which of the actuators that has the greatest force capability? Electric Hydraulic fluid Pneumatic Magnetic Actuators used in industrial robots Electric motors Fluid motors Fluid cylinders All of these are correct The number of axis a robot is free to move is called Freedom axis Degrees of freedom Movement degrees Mechanical axis The technology for automations Avionics Cryogenics Cryotronics Robotics

377. a. b. c. d. ANS: B 378. a. b. c. d. ANS: B 379. a. b. c. d. ANS: B

Actuator that requires the highest initial cost Electric Hydraulic fluid Pneumatic Magnetic

Robot actuator that has the highest operating cost Electric Hydraulic fluid Pneumatic Magnetic

The most messy robot actuator Electric Hydraulic fluid Pneumatic Magnetic

380. A robot software or program that produces only two position motion for a given robot axis a. Positive-stop b. Point-to-point c. Continuous path d. Hard interrupt ANS: A 381. A robot program that has the ability to move a robot to any position within the range but without specific path a. Positive-stop program b. Point-to-point program c. Continuous path program d. Compound program ANS: B

382. A robot [program that has the ability to move a robot to any position within the range with specific path a. Positive-stop program b. Point-to-point program c. Continuous path program d. Compound program ANS: C 383. a. b. c. d. ANS: D 384. a. b. c. d. ANS: D 385. a. b. c. d. ANS: B 386. a. b. c. d. ANS: C SCARA robots are designed for what applications? Machining Welding Assembling Handling heavy tools SCARA robots have how many axis of motion? 2 4 6 8 In robotics, SCARA means Selective Compliant Articulated Robot Arm Selective Compliant Assembly Robot Arm Selective Computer-Actuated Robot Arm A and B are correct When a robot moves on several axis at the same time, it is to have Intrinsic motion Extrinsic motion Compound motion Universal motion

387. a. b. c. d. ANS: A

Why is SCARA robot attractive in industry? Because it is relatively cheaper Because it can carry very heavy loads Because it has unlimited movement All of the above

388. Calculate the voltage regulation of a generator having a no- load voltage of 220 V and a full load voltage of 180 V a. 18% b. 22% c. 28% d. 32% ANS: B 389. a. b. c. d. ANS: D 390. a. b. c. d. ANS: C 391. a. b. c. d. ANS: A Which statement is true regarding alternators? High-speed alternators are smaller than low-speed Low-speed alternators are smaller than high-speed High-power alternators are smaller than low-power High-voltage alternators are smaller than low- voltage Usually used to drive high- speed alternators Diesel engines Pneumatic engines Steam turbines Hydraulic turbines Usually used to drive low-speed alternators Diesel engines Jet propulsion engines Steam turbines Hydraulic turbines

392. a. b. c. d. ANS: D 393. a. b. c. d. ANS: A 394. a. b. c. d. ANS: C

For what reasons, why carbon brushes are widely used dc machines? It is abundant It is cheap It has a high voltage drop It lubricates and polishes the contacts

Alternators have less chance to hunt if driven by Steam turbines Hydroturbines Diesel turbines Nuclear reactor

In alternators, what is the purpose of the damper winding? It prevents over speeding It maintains constant speed It prevents hunting It protects overloading

395. What term applies to the use of two or more generators to supply a common load? a. On-line operation b. Series operation c. Cascaded operation d. Parallel operation ANS: D 396. a. b. c. d. ANS: C In paralleling ac generators, _______ is very important Voltage level Current level Phase angle Internal resistance

397. Description used for generators trying to self-adjust its parameters before paralleling with on line generators a. Synchronizing b. Sequencing c. Jogging d. Aligning ANS: C 398. In changing power from one generator to another, what do you call the operational sequence wherein the incoming generator is connected first before removing the existing generator? a. No Break Power Transfer (NBPT) b. UPS c. LIFO d. Standby Power Transfer ANS: A 399. a. b. c. d. ANS: D 400. a. b. c. d. ANS: D In electrical power distributions, what insulator is generally used? Rubber Wood Plastic Porcelain How are alternators rated? In Watts In kW In kVar In kVA