Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
R. G. Mitchiner
Mem. ASME
H. H. fVIabie
Fellow ASME
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and
State University,
Blacksburg, VA
24061
This paper presents a simple and direct approach to the problem of the definition of
the root prof He for standard and nonstandard external spur gear teeth. Equations
are developed for the location of the tooth center-line intercept at the constantstress parabola. Also, the expression for the location of the point oftangency of the
parabola with the root trochoid is given as well as the derivative of this expression.
The AGMA Standards present charts of geometry factors, but the method by which
these factors were determined is graphical and in some instances is not sufficiently
accurate nor convenient to use. Although other investigators have considered this
problem, their methods are either graphical or very complicated analytically. This
treatment of the problem has been developed because it is not available in the open
literature. Tables and charts are given for both Y and J factors for many profile
variations.
Introduction
The focus of most treatments of the geometry of external
involute spur gear teeth is the load carrying flank. It is the
root profile of the tooth, however, that determines many of
the attributes of the resulting gear. The determination of the
root profile and the design factors which depend upon that
profile is the focus of this paper.
Khiralla [1], Gitchell [2], and the AGMA Standards [3]
present methods of establishing the root geometry and/or the
determination of the AGMA geometry factor J.
While neither a program nor an algorithm is presented
herein, the development of the pertinent equations is
presented such that the interested reader may construct a
program suitable for his needs. Tables are given for both Y
and J factors for many profile variations. Additionally,
figures illustrating the tables of J are shown.
Development of Method
The process of generating the involute flank profile on an
external spur gear tooth may be visualized and treated as the
rolling of a rack with the straight flank hob profile on the
pitch surface of the gear blank.
Consider the hob profile shown in Fig. 1 with an enlarged
view of the hob tooth tip as shown in Fig. 2. The distance A,
which is the half width of the hob tip land, may be described
by:
A =
- ^ - ( 6 - / y J) t a n 4 > - ^ ~ AP
c o s 4>
(1)
Fig. 1
Hob profile
JDCOS ^ ~ *
s m
(2)
LIKE A
LINE F
L
Fig. 2
LINE A
Enlarged hob-tooth tip
'=1T
(3)
If the pitch surface of the hob is then rolled about the pitch
circle of the blank to the right, the centerline of the hob tooth
will become colinear with the centerline of the tooth space.
The angular position of the point of tangency, Point B, of the
two pitch surfaces can be described by the angle d which is
measured from Line F. As the hob is rolled on the blank,
Point B is the instantaneous center of rotation. Points C and
D are fixed reference points on the hob tooth, and Point E is
that point on a circle of radius rf about D which is the point
on the hob tooth furthest from the instantaneous center of
rotation. The path of Point E will describe the envelope of the
path of points on the hob tooth in the generation of the root
profile, provided that 7 is greater than the cutting pressure
angle </>.
Consider Fig. 4 where only the envelope of the path of
Fig. 3
Nomenclature
a
b
H
K
mJE
N
P
P
R
Rb
Rc
r
f
Ro
Rr
addendum
dedendum
distance on centerline of tooth from apex of
parabola to point of tangency of parabola
and involute
apex of parabola
slope of line JE tangent to root fillet
number of teeth
diametral pitch
circular pitch
standard pitch radius
base radius
radius from center of gear to apex of
parabola, K
fillet radius on hob tip
addendum radius
radius from center of gear to point on involute at end of contact
< TOOTH
Fig. 5
LINE F
1+
(^r) t a n ( g + e )
(^r)-
(7)
tan(/3+0)
(8)
Rr =
cos V A ~ Y 2N +
(4)
^(b-rf)2+R2d2
yE=(R-b
+
(5)
J(b-rf)2+R262
[R6sm(P + 6)- (b-rf)cos(P + 6)\
where /3, the angle between the blank tooth centerline and the
blank space centerline minus ij is
N
150 / Vol. 104, JANUARY 1982
- i )
~ 'nV<i>A /
where
inV<l>
(6)
4>A
:
^
[
(
n
;
H
= tan"
\R + aJ
COS0
2H
(9)
= m.
Since
2
T/2 = x a n d
(10)
H=Rc-yE
ROOT
-2
2(Rc-yE)
--m.
2(Rc-yE)
(11)
xE
Since mJE, Rc, yE, and xE are all functions of 6, the root
fillet parameter, and hob and bland constants, equations (11)
may be written as:
0 = mJE +
,,
2[Rc(8)-yE(8)]
fm ,
f{8) = mJE(8) +
-
=0
(Zl-ST/CT)
ST-Z1
+ (-Z9
+ ZB-rf(ZlSTZl
+ Zl
e =e
" '-m
+ ZB-R
+ Z\ CT+Z3 ST
Z3 STZD-Z1
2
Z3 CTZCZF
Z7 + l ) - 2 ( - Z 5 + Z 7 )
ST-rf(Z\
2
ZC ZF-Z3 CT
ZC ZE))
-8
-10
-14
0.4
0.8
1.2
d, Radians
Fig. 6
Z3 CTZD + Zl ST Zl
3
CT))
(13)
CT-rf{-Z\
-6
-12
CTZ1))
(STZl/CT+l)
tie)
(12)
+ sin (/3 +
= .20e ~
40
40
+(lxlO-7)
(16)
Rx=^lQ2
where Q=
() COS<?
(17)
+Rl2-2QR]sm<f>
(18)
COS(T+</>)
:
sin
R2
Y=
cos 4>L
1.5
COS 0
~X~
(26)
tan <t>L
where 4>L (See Figs. 5 and 6) is the angle between the line of
action and a horizontal line and is defined by
0L=tan~
R +a
c o s <j>
i:
r R
cos </>
tan"
IR + a
R
R+a
+ inv<t> (27)
c o s <f>
(28)
KfmN
where Kf, the stress concentration factor defined by Dolan
and Broghamer [7], is
* - ( - f )'(*;)
(29)
yE'
where
H=.34 - .45836620
L = .316 - .45836620
M = .290 + .45836620, and
r=rf+(b-rf)2/(R
Now
K=
2N
(ir cos *)
inv\ cos~
\
,
) + inu </>
27T
(19)
(20)
N
i
(21)
Then
Rxsmtf)
Rr =
sin(r+?)
For the case of load sharing by the teeth
</>L=f+-T/2
(22)
(23)
as shown in Fig. 7.
Shigley [6] shows that the Lewis Form Factor, Y, may be
determined as
2XP
3
(24)
(30)
TT C O S (f>
f=cos '
Y=
+ b-rf)
(25)
In the expression above, the outside and pitch radii, and the
pressure angles should be at the operating conditions, i.e.
considering backlash and tip modifications. For the gear cases
considered herein, however, loading at all times is applied to
ony one tooth regardless of load sharing considerations. As
such, mN is considered to be 1.00.
Conclusion
Using the expressions presented herein, one could, for the
conditions desired, develop a computer program to
1) locate the point of interest on the root profile
2) compute Y
3) compute/
Table 1 shows the Lewis form factor as defined by equation
(24) for the set of tooth proportions given. This table
Transactions of the ASME
Number of Teelh
in Matins Gear
Geometry
Factor
I i i i i I I i i i I I I l l I I I I I I I II
Number
Fig. 10 AGMA geometry factor J for involute spur gear teeth, 4> = 25
rf = .270, a = 1.000, b = 1.3154
02
Number of Teeth
ll
in Mating Gear
Geometry
Factor
2ir/N
I i i i i I i i i i i i I 11111M 11 II
i>
i.
>
..
,.
,.
I H
I...
Fig. 11 AGMA geometry factor J for involute spur gear teeth, <> = 20
rf = .300, a = 1.000, b = 1.250
0!
Fig 8
^ i;
--^0
Geometry
Number of Teeth
Number ol Teeth
"
in Mating Gear
in Mating Gear
Geometry
Factor
Factor
I l i i i I I l_l_jJ
Number
i I i I i I il III II |
_J
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I ll i III I .
, . , . , ... l.
Humber
Fig. 9 AGMA geometry factor J for involute spur gear teeth, <f> = 20, Fig. 12 AGMA geometry factor J for involute spur gear teeth, <j> = 25
r, = .300, a = 1.000, b = 1.250
ff = .350, a = 1.000, b = 1.400
Table 1
20.00
1.000
1.1)00
0.350
25.00
1 .000
1.350
0.21)5
25.00
1 .000
1.315
0.270
14.50
1 .000
1 . 157
0.209
20.00
1 .000
1 .157
0.239
20.00
0.800
1 . 000
0.304
20.00
1 .000
1 .250
0.300
25.00
1
000
1-250
0.300
12.
13.
0.2051)6
0.21987
0.251)73
0.27177
0.26281
0.27950
0.19180
0.20267
0.24192
0.25494
0.33512
0.34827
0.22960
0.24317
0.2767/
0.29281
15.
0.23283
0.21)1)56
0.28711
0.30100
0.29U51
0.30806
0.21238
0.22111
0.26657
0.27701
0.35985
0.37013
0.25530
0.26622
0.30717
0.32009
16.
17.
0.25522
0.261)95
0.31363
0.32517
0.32035
0.33156
0.22900
0.23616
0.2864 3
0.29498
0.37931
0.38757
0.27610
0.28508
0.33178
0.342l|0
18.
19.
0.27386
0.28205
0 . 33571)
0 . 3145116
0.31)182
0.35121)
0.24270
0.24868
0.30278
0.30991
0.39502
0.40179
0.29327
0.30078
0.35210
0.36099
20.
21 .
0.28961
0.29661
0 . 3D1|1|1|
0.36276
0.35993
0.36797
0.25419
0.25926
0.31646
0.32251
0.40797
0.41363
0.30769
0.31406
0.36916
0.37671
22.
21).
0.30311
0. 311)80
0 . 3701)8
0 . 381)39
0.37543
0.38881)
0.26396
0.27239
0.32810
0.33811
0.41883
0.42806
0.31997
0.33056
0.38370
0.39624
26.
28.
0.32502
0. 331)05
0.39657
0.1)0733
0.110056
0.1)1090
0.27972
0.28617
0.34682
0.35448
0.43601
0.44294
0.33979
0.34790
0.40717
0.41678
30.
3').
0. 31)208
0.35576
0.1)1691
0.1)3323
0.1)2009
0.1)3572
0.29189
0.30157
0.36126
0.37274
0.44902
0.45920
0.35510
0.36731
0.42530
0.43976
38.
D5.
0.36697
0. 382'|2
0.111)663
0.1)651 1
0.1)1)853
0.116615
0.30947
0.32029
0.38209
0.39490
0.46740
0.47846
0.37727
0.39093
0.45156
0.46774
50.
60.
0.39113
0.1)01)67
0.1)7555
0.1)9177
0.1)7607
0.1)911)8
0.32635
0.33574
0.40208
0.41317
0.48458
0.49391
0.39860
0.41047
0.47681
0.49086
75.
100.
0.1)1885
0.1)3376
0.50877
0.52665
0.50758
0.521)1)6
0.34550
0.35569
0.42469
0.43670
0.50345
0.51321
0.42283
0.43574
0.50546
0.52071
150.
300.
0.1)')953
0.46631)
0 . 5'1556
0.56570
0.51)225
0.56112
0.36639
0.37771
0.44929
0.46255
0.52321
0.53348
0.44930
0.46364
0.53668
0.55351
Rack
0.1)8452
0.58739
0.58133
0.38984
0.47669
0.54406
0.47897
0.57139
300
1000
No of
Teeth
i n Gea r
Phi
a
id
r
f
No or
Teeth
n Gea r
12.
13.
0.20255
0.21064
14.
15.
0.21763
0.22372
16.
17.
0.22909
0.23384
18.
19.
0.23809
0.24190
20.
21 .
0.24534
0.24847
0.32040
0.32618
0.32789
0.33399
0.33370
0.34006
0.3 3896
0.34558
0.34501
0.35195
0.35013
0.35737
0.35504
0.36260
22.
24.
0.25132
0.25633
0.33152
0.34105
0.33962
0.34968
0.34594
0.35645
0.35170
0.36267
0.35838
0.36992
0.36409
0.37615
0.36961
0.38223
26.
28.
0.26060
0.26427
0.34930
0.35653
0.35840
0.36605
0.36559
0.37359
0.37220
0.38057
0.37997
0.38880
0.38668
0.39595
0.39326
0.40299
30.
34.
0.26747
0.27277
0.36290
0.37364
0.3 7280
0.38419
0.38067
0.39263
0.38798
0.40051
0.39663
0.1)0989
0.40417
0.41812
0.41163
0.42632
38.
45.
0.27700
0.28266
0.38234
0.39417
0.39343
0.40600
0.40234
0.41558
0.41070
0.42460
0.42069
0.43546
0.42951
0.44511
0.43833
0.45482
50.
60.
0.28577
0.29050
0.40076
0.41087
0.41301
0.42378
0.42296
0.43431
0.43236
0.44431
0.44372
0.45644
0.45384
0.46732
0.46407
0.47836
75.
100.
0.29533
0.30030
0.42128
0.43201
0.43487
0.44630
0.44601
0.45808
0.45663
0.46937
0.46959
0.48320
0.48127
0.49573
0.49319
0.50859
150.
300.
0.30546
0.31090
0.44309
0.45456
0.45812
0.47034
0.47057
0.48348
0.48254
0.49619
0.49730
0.51191
0.51073
0.52631
0.52459
0.54124
Rack
0.31680
0.46646
0.48302
0.49688
0.51034
0.52709
0.54250
0.55857
17
25
50
35
= 0. 3500
85
a = 1 .000
b = 1.4000
NO of
Teeth
in Gear
17
25
35
50
300
1000
12.
13.
0.26083
0.27030
11.
15.
0.27849
0.28563
0.33368
0.34519
0.33913
0.35108
0.34318
0.35547
0.31671
0.35932
0 .35062
0 .36359
0.35379
0.36707
0.35673
0.37030
16.
17.
0.29193
0.29751
0.35552
0.36484
0.36182
0.37151
0.36653
0.37652
0.37067
0.38093
0 .37527
0 .38585
0.37904
0.38989
0.38255
0.39366
18.
19.
0.30249
0.30698
0.37329
0.38099
0.38031
0.38833
0.38560
0.39388
0.39026
0.39878
0 .39548
0 .40427
0.39977
0.40880
0.10378
0.41304
20.
21 .
0.31103
0.31471
0.38803
0.39450
0.39568
0.40243
0.40146
0.40844
0.10659
0.11377
0 .41231
0 .11977
0.41709
0.42473
0.42155
0.42939
22.
24.
0.31807
0.32398
0.40047
0.41111
0.40866
0.41978
0.41488
0.42638
0.12010
0.43225
0 .12663
0 .13890
0.43179
0.44442
0.43664
0.44963
26.
28.
0.32902
0.33336
0.42031
0.42835
0.42940
0.43782
0.113634
0.44506
0.44253
0.45153
0..11955
0..45888
0.45539
0.46501
0.46091
0.47081
30.
31).
0.33715
0.34345
0.43544
0.44738
0.44524
0.45775
0.45275
0.16572
0.45948
0.47287
0..46712
0..48103
0.47351
0.18787
0.17957
0.19137
38.
45.
0.34849
0.35524
0.45704
0.47016
0.46788
0.48163
0.47622
0.19051
0.48374
0.49851
0. 49232
0. 50769
0.49954
0.51542
0.50610
0.52280
50.
60.
0.35896
0.36464
0.47745
0.48863
0.48929
0.50103
0.19815
0.51065
0.50674
0.51937
0.51625
0.52940
0.52128
0.53789
0.53195
0.51602
75.
100.
0.37045
0.37645
0.50013
0.51197
0.51310
0.52553
0.52320
0.53612
0.53237
0.54575
0. 54294
0. 55690
0.55191
0.56637
0.56052
0.57519
150.
300.
0.38271
0.38933
0.52418
0.53681
0.53835
0.55160
0.51914
0.56321
0.55956
0.57383
0. 57130
0. 58618
0.58129
0.59672
0.59091
0.60692
0.39650
0.54990
0.56532
0.57747
0.60158
0.61269
0.62316
25.00 Degrees
Table 4
No of
Teeth
n Gea r
12.
13.
0.26751
0.27661
0.33041
0.3 3579
14.
15.
0.28416
0.29130
0.31320
0.35457
0.34906
0.36089
16.
17.
0.29732
0.30265
0.36476
0.37396
18.
19.
0.30711
0.31169
20.
21.
a = 1.000
b = 1.3500
50
85
300
0.33976
0.34320
0.31700
0.35008
0.35292
0,35341
0.36560
0.35721
0.36971
0.36112
0.37133
0.36485
0.37808
0.36801
0.38156
0.37151
0.38110
0. 37656
0,38646
0.38100
0.39119
0.38595
0.39618
0.39001
0.40082
0.39378
0.40487
0.38229
0.38989
0.38980
0.39773
0.39545
0.40366
0.10015
0.10890
0.10605
0.11480
0.41066
0.41966
0.41497
0.42422
0.31555
0.31906
0.39684
0.40322
0.40500
0.41167
0.11117
0.11809
0.11665
0.42378
0.42282
0.43021
0.42792
0.43553
0.43270
0.44053
22.
24.
0.32226
0.32788
0.40910
0.41958
0.41783
0.42881
0.12446
0.43585
0.43037
0.44212
0.43703
0.44923
0.44256
0.45514
0.44777
0.46072
26.
28.
0.33267
0.33680
0.42865
0.43658
0.43832
0.44664
0.44571
0.45434
0.45232
0.46124
0.45982
0.46909
0.46607
0.47565
0.47198
0.48187
30.
34.
0.31039
0.31637
0.44356
0.45532
0.45397
0.46632
0.46196
0.47480
0.46913
0.48242
0.47729
0.49112
0.48412
0.49843
0.49061
0.50538
38.
45.
0.35114
0.35753
0.46483
0.47775
0.17632
0.18991
0,48520
0.49933
0.49319
0.50785
0.50235
0.51763
0.51005
0.52588
0.51740
0.53377
50.
60.
0.36104
0.36641
0.48492
0.49593
0.49747
0.50905
0.50720
0.51927
0.51601
0.52853
0.52614
0.53922
0.53471
0.54827
0.54291
0.55696
75.
100.
0.37189
0.37754
0.50724
0.51888
0.52097
0.53323
0.53168
0.54446
0.54112
0.55169
0.55268
0.56655
0.56224
0.57665
0.57144
0.58639
150.
300.
0.38342
0.38961
0.53089
0.54329
0.54587
0.55893
0.55763
0.57124
0.56838
0.58252
0.58087
0.59565
0.59153
0.60690
0.60183
0.61779
Rack
0.39628
0.55613
0.57244
0.58531
0.59711
0.61095
0.62281
0.63432
25
35
= 0..2700
a = 1.000
1000
b = 1.3154
No o f
Teeth
i n Gea r
25
35
50
85
1000
12.
13.
0 .16187
0 .16648
14.
15.
0 .17040
0 .17378
16.
17.
0 .17671
0..17928
18.
19.
0.,18155
0..18356
20.
21 .
0..18537
0..18699
22.
24.
0,.18845
0.. 19100
26.
28.
0. 19313
0. 19494
30.
34.
0. 19649
0. 19902
0.29969
0.31047
0.31945
38.
45.
0. 20100
0. 20358
0.30544
0.31320
0.31689
0.32559
0.32656
0.33622
0.33604
0.34683
0.34801
0.36052
0.35924
0.37371
0.37120
0.38820
50.
60.
0. 20497
0. 20704
0.31750
0.32404
0.33042
0.33779
0.34160
0.34985
0.35286
0.36214
0.36755
0.37843
0.38190
0.39467
0.39792
0.41322
75.
100.
0. 20909
0. 21114
0.33073
0.33756
0.34535
0.35308
0.35832
0.36702
0.37171
0.38159
0.38974
0.40150
0.40805
0.42210
0.42943
0.44666
150.
300.
0. 21320
0. 21530
0.34454
0.35168
0.36100
0.36913
0.37597
0.38517
0.39179
0.40232
0.41373
0.42647
0.43685
0.45237
0.46501
0.48459
0. 21753
0.35899
0.37746
0.39463
Phi
= 14.50 Degrees
0.33892
0.35907
0.43975
0.50554
0.2090
1.1570
No of
Teeth
n Gea r
12.
13.
0.21899
0.22486
14.
15.
0.22988
0.23421
16.
17.
0.23799
0.24131
18.
19.
17
25
35
50
85
300
1000
0.24425
0.24688
0.32814
0.33388
0.33694
0.34309
0.34377
0.35028
0.34996
0.35681
0.35707
0.36437
0.36308
0.37080
0.36884
0.37699
20.
21 .
0.24923
0.25136
0.33913
0.34395
0.34872
0.35388
0.35623
0.36170
0.36310
0.36888
0.37108
0.37725
0.37790
0.38445
0.38451
0.39146
22.
24.
0.25329
0.25665
0.34838
0.35625
0.35864
0.36711
0.36675
0.37574
0.37421
0.38374
0.38296
0.39318
0.39052
0.40139
0.39790
0.40948
26.
28.
0.25948
0.26191
0.36305
0.36897
0.37443
0.38082
0.38353
0.39034
0.39200
0.39924
0.40206
0.40985
0.41087
0.41919
0.41959
0.42849
30.
34.
0.26400
0.26744
0.37418
0.38292
0.38644
0.39589
0.39633
0.40643
0.40562
0.41637
0.41674
0.42836
0.42656
0.43904
0.43639
0.44979
38.
45.
0.27016
0.27375
0.38996
0.39948
0.40352
0.41385
0.41459
0.42565
0.42508
0.43692
0.43781
0.45066
0.44919
0.46306
0.46073
0.47571
50.
60.
0.27570
0.27864
0.40476
0.41281
0.41958
0.42834
0.43180
0.44120
0.44350
0.45358
0.45783
0.46883
0.47080
0.48272
0.48410
0.49704
75.
100.
0.28161
0.28462
0.42104
0.42947
0.43730
0.44648
0.45084
0.46073
0.46394
0.47457
0.48016
0.49182
0.49501
0.50771
0.51042
0.52429
150.
300.
0.28771
0.29093
0.43810
0.44696
0.45590
0.46556
0.47088
0.48130
0.48551
0.49675
0.50383
0.51621
0.52082
0.53437
0.53865
0.55354
Rack
0.29436
0.45605
0.47548
0.49202
0.50833
0.52899
0.54838
0.56899
= 0..2390
a = 1.000
b = 1.1570
No o f
Teeth
i n Gear
17
25
35
300
12.
13.
0 .26581)
0 .27130
11).
15.
0 .27591)
0 .27992
0.32151)
0.3281)9
0.32892
0.33621)
0.33452
0.34214
0.33948
0.34740
0.34507
0.35336
0.34970
0.35831
0.35405
0.36298
16.
17.
0 .28336
0.,28638
0 . 331)67
0 . 31)021
0.31)276
0.34860
0.34894
0.35504
0.35447
0.36081
0.36075
0.36739
0.36599
0.37291
0.37096
0.37815
18.
19.
0..289011
0..29139
0 . 31)520
0.31)972
0.35387
0.35861)
0.36054
0.36553
0.36654
0.37174
0.37340
0.37885
0.37916
0.38485
0.38466
0.39058
20.
21 .
0..29350
0,,29539
0.35383
0.35759
0.36299
0.36696
0.37007
0.37423
0.37647
0.38081
0.38382
0.38838
0.39003
0.39479
0.39599
0.40095
22.
21).
0..29709
0,.30005
0.3610')
0.36715
0.37061
0.37708
0.37805
0.38482
0.38479
0.39186
0.39256
0.40000
0.39916
0.40694
0.40551
0.41363
26.
28.
0,,30252
0. 301)61
0. 3721)0
0.37696
0.38264
0.38747
0.39064
0.39571
0.39794
0.40324
0.40641
0.41199
0.41364
0.41948
0.42064
0.42676
30.
3i|.
0. 3061)1
0. 30931)
0.38096
0.38761)
0.39171
0.39880
0.40015
0.40759
0.40788
0.41566
0.41689
0.42510
0.42462
0.43323
0.43213
0.44115
38.
45.
0. 31161
0. 311)57
0.39301
0.1)0023
0.1)041)9
0.41215
0.41356
0.42161
0.42191
0.43034
0.43171
0.44062
0.44016
0.44952
0.4484 3
0.45826
50.
60.
0. 31616
0. 31851
0.1)01)21
0.1)1028
0.41638
0.42282
0.42605
0.43281
0.43500
0.44209
0.44555
0.45306
0.45470
0.46260
0.46370
0.47201
75.
100.
0. 32083
0. 32312
0.1)161)5
0.1)2271)
0.42938
0.43606
0.43971
0.44674
0.44932
0.45670
0.46072
0.46854
0.47067
0.47891
0.48051
0.48919
150.
300.
0. 32539
0. 32764
0.1)2916
0.1)3571
0.44287
0.44983
0.45391
0.46123
0.46422
0.47191
0.47653
0.48469
0.48733
0.49594
0.49807
0.50716
Rack
0. 32989
0.1)1)21)0
0.45694
0.46870
0.47977
0.49303
0.50476
0.51647
2 0 . 0 0 Degrees
= 0,,3040
a = 0.800
No o f
Teeth
i n Gea r
25
35
50
1000
85
12.
13.
0.21557
0.22232
14.
15.
0.22811
0.23313
16.
17.
0.23753
0.24141
18.
19.
0.24486
0.24794
0.32404
0.33029
0.33214
0.33878
0.33840
0.34537
0.34404
0.35134
0.35050
0.35822
0.35594
0.36405
0 .36112
0 .36963
20.
21 .
0.25072
0.25323
0.33600
0.34124
0.34485
0.35044
0.35176
0.35764
0.35804
0.36422
0.36532
0.37186
0'. 37151
0.37841
0 .37749
0 .38475
22.
24.
0.25552
0.25951
0.34607
0.35468
0.35559
0.36477
0.36306
0.37275
0.36992
0.38012
0.37792
0.38877
38479
39626
0 .39148
0 .40360
26.
28.
0.26289
0.26580
0.36211
0.36860
0.37272
0.37967
0.38115
0.38851
0.38897
0.39673
0.39821
0.40650
0.40625
0.41504
0 .41418
0 .42351
30.
34.
0.26831
0.27247
0.37432
0.38394
0.38580
0.39611
0.39500
0.40594
0.40359
0.41517
0.41383
0.42624
0.42283
0.43604
0,.43179
0,.44586
38.
45.
0.27575
0.28013
0.39170
0.40223
0.40446
0.41579
0.41480
0.42685
0.42456
0.43735
0.43633
0.45010
0.44680
0.46152
0,,45735
0,,47310
50.
60.
0.28252
0.28613
0.40808
0.41702
0.42208
0.43173
0.43355
0.44383
0.44448
0.45542
0.45778
0.46960
0.46975
0.48243
0.,48193
0.,49557
75.
100.
0.28979
0.29353
0.42620
0.43561
0.44163
0.45180
0.45440
0.46527
0.46668
0.47827
0.48179
0.49437
0.49554
0.50909
0. 50970
0. 52435
150.
300.
0.29738
0.30141
0.44530
0.45526
0.46226
0.47304
0.47645
0.48798
0.49023
0.50256
0.50736
0.52078
0.52312
0.53765
0. 53954
0. 55533
0.30571
0.46554
0.49988
0.51529
Phi = 2 0 . 0 0 D e g r e e s
= 0.3000
0. 57173
1.2500
12.
13.
0.27829
0.28665
0.34684
0.35292
0.35744
0.36138
0.36572
0.36925
0.37251
14.
15.
0.29384
0.30009
0.35924
0.37027
0.36587
0.37740
0.37081
0.38275
0.37514
0.38744
0.37994
0.39267
0.38386
0.39694
0.387t|g
0.40092
16.
17.
0.30558
0.31043
0.38016
0.38907
0.38775
0.39709
0.39346
0.40314
0.39849
0.40849
0.40411
0.41448
0.40873
0.41941
0.41303
0.42402
18.
19.
0.31475
0.31862
0.39714
0.40449
0.40556
0.41328
0.41193
0.41994
0.4 1756
0.42585
0.42390
0.43250
0.42913
0.43801
0.43403
0.44310
20.
21 .
0.32211
0.32528
0.41121
0.41738
0.42034
0.42682
0.42727
0.43401
0.43344
0.44042
0.44039
0.44765
0.44616
0.45367
0.1(5159
0.45933
22.
24.
0.32816
0.33322
0.42306
0.43318
0.43280
0.44346
0.44023
0.45132
0.44686
0.45836
0.45436
0.46635
0.46060
0.47301
0.46650
0.47932
26.
28.
0.33752
0.34122
0.44193
0.44957
0.45268
0.46075
0.46093
0.46933
0.46833
0.47705
0.47674
0.48585
0.48378
0.49323
0.49046
0.50023
30.
34.
0.34443
0.34976
0.45631
0.46763
0.46785
0.47981
0.47675
0.48923
0.484/5
0.49772
0.49389
0.50746
0.50157
0.51566
0.50888
0.52349
38.
45.
0.35400
0.35967
0.47678
0.48919
0.48948
0.50261
0.49933
0.51305
0.50824
0.52252
0.51847
0.53344
0.52710
0.54268
0.53536
0.55154
50.
60.
0.36278
0.36750
0.49608
0.50663
0.50991
0.52109
0.52068
0.53238
0.53047
0.54267
0.54177
0.55457
0.55136
0.56469
0.56056
0.57444
75.
100.
0.37232
0.37726
0.51747
0.52860
0.53257
0.54436
0.54440
0.55676
0.55520
0.56810
0.56773
0.58129
0.57842
0.59257
0.58873
0.60348
150.
300.
0.38237
0.38772
0.54005
0.55185
0.55651
0.56902
0.56948
0.58259
0.58138
0.59507
0.59526
0.60967
0.60716
0.62222
0.61869
0.63442
Rack
0.39342
0.56405
0.58194
0.59613
0.60921
0.62456
25
35
85
5(
= 0, 3000
1000
0.65068
b = 1.2500