Berita Sedimetologi

Berita Sedimentologi
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C e n z i c t g p C e n o z o i c S t r a t i g r a p h y C e no o zo o i cS St tr ra a ti i gr ra a ph hy y o f t h e E a s t J a v a o f t h e E a s t J a v a of the East Java F r a r F o r e a r c Fo o re e a rc c p a g e 5 p a g e 5 page 5
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The Sedimentology Commission - The Indonesian Association of Geologists (IAGI)

Number 26 May 2013 Page 1 of 40
The Indonesian Sedimentologists Forum (FOSI)
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Editorial Board Herman Darman

Chief Editor Shell International Exploration and Production B.V. P.O. Box 162, 2501 AN, The Hague The Netherlands Fax: +31-70 377 4978 E-mail: herman.darman@shell.com
Advisory Board Prof. Yahdi Zaim

Quarternary Geology Institute of Technology, Bandung
Prof. R. P. Koesoemadinata
Emeritus Professor Institute of Technology, Bandung
Minarwan
Deputy Chief Editor Mubadala Petroleum (Thailand) Ltd. 31st Floor, Shinawatra Tower 3, 1010 Viphavadi Rangsit Rd. Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand E-mail: minarwanx@gmail.com
Wartono Rahardjo
University of Gajah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Ukat Sukanta
ENI Indonesia
Fuad Ahmadin Nasution

Total E&P Indonesie Jl. Yos Sudarso, Balikpapan 76123 E-mail: fuad.ahmadin@yahoo.co.id
Mohammad Syaiful
Exploration Think Tank Indonesia
F. Hasan Sidi
Woodside, Perth, Australia
Fatrial Bahesti
PT. Pertamina E&P NAD-North Sumatra Assets Standard Chartered Building 23rd Floor Jl Prof Dr Satrio No 164, Jakarta 12950 - Indonesia E-mail: fatrial.bahesti@pertamina.com
International Reviewers Prof. Dr. Harry Doust

Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit De Boelelaan 1085 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands E-mails: harry.doust@falw.vu.nl; harrydoust@gmail.com
Wayan Heru Young

University Link coordinator Legian Kaja, Kuta, Bali 80361, Indonesia E-mail: londobali@yahoo.com
Dr. J.T. (Han) van Gorsel

6516 Minola St., HOUSTON, TX 77007, USA www.vangorselslist.com E-mail: jtvangorsel@gmail.com
Visitasi Femant
Treasurer Pertamina Hulu Energi Kwarnas Building 6th Floor Jl. Medan Merdeka Timur No.6, Jakarta 10110 E-mail: fvisitasi@yahoo.com
Dr. T.J.A. Reijers

Geo-Training & Travel Gevelakkers 11, 9465TV Anderen, The Netherlands E-mail: tjareijers@hetnet.nl
Rahmat Utomo
Mubadala Petroleum (Thailand) Ltd. 31st Floor, Shinawatra Tower 3, 1010 Viphavadi Rangsit Rd. Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand E-mail: tomi_geologi04@yahoo.com
Peter M. Barber PhD

Principal Sequence Stratigrapher Isis Petroleum Consultants P/L 47 Colin Street, West Perth, Western Australia 6005 E-mail: pbarber@isispetroleum.com.au
Cover Photograph:
Halang Formation outcrop at Bantarkawung district, Brebes Central Java. Taken in 1991. Photo courtesy of Herman Darman.
Published 3 times a year by the Indonesian Sedimentologists Forum (Forum Sedimentologiwan Indonesia, FOSI), a commission of the Indonesian Association of Geologists (Ikatan Ahli Geologi Indonesia, IAGI). Cover topics related to sedimentary geology, includes their depositional processes, deformation, minerals, basin fill, etc.
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Number 26 May 2013
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A sedimentological Journal of the Indonesia Sedimentologists Forum (FOSI), a commission of the Indonesian Association of Geologist (IAGI)
From the Editor

Welcome to Berita Sedimentologi number 26!
In this edition, Berita Sedimentologi No. 26/2013, we are focusing on Java Island and its vicinity. Three of the articles received by the editors cover the eastern part of Java. Edwin and co-authors have submitted a paper on Mundu-Paciran Nannofossil zones. A paper on 3D facies modeling on deepwater fan outcrop, onshore east Java, was prepared by Cahyo et al. Surya Nugraha and co-author discussed the Cenozoic stratigraphy of the forearc system in the southeast of Java. A regional overview of Java sandstone composition was summarized by Darman et al. A relatively new research group has been established in UPN Veteran Yogyakarta in mid 2010. Budiman et al has kindly provided us an introduction article to this group. The editors have also come up with general plan for future themes as the following BS#27 Sumatra: to be published in August 2013 BS#28 Borneo: to be published in November 2013 BS#29 SE Asia Biostratigraphy to be published in early 2014 Hopefully with this plan potential contributors can plan ahead in preparing their articles. FOSIs Linked-In group registered 655 members in May 2013. The demographics of the group indicate a good balance between the senior and junior geoscientists. The majority of the members are from oil and gas industry (78%), followed by the mining and metals (15%). At last on behalf of the editorial team, I wish you a good reading time and hopefully you get the benefit from this bulletin.
Best Regards,
Herman Darman Chief Editor
INSIDE THIS ISSUE

Book Review : The SE Asian Getway: History and Tectonic of the AustralianAsia Collision, editor: Robert Hall et al T.J.A. Reijers
Cenozoic Stratigraphy of the East Java Forearc A. M. S. Nugraha & Robert Hall
A Case Study on Using Mundu-Paciran Nannofossil zones (MPNZ) to Subdivide Mundu and Paciran Sequences in the MDA Field, East Java Basin, Indonesia A. Edwin et al. Short Note : Mineral Composition of Eocene and Miocene Sandstones in Java Island H. Darman et al.
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A Brief History of GeoPangea Research Group A. Budiman et al. Three-Dimensional Facies Modeling of Deepwater Fan Sandbodies: Outcrop Analog Study from the Miocene Kerek Formation, Western Kendeng Zone (North East Java Basin) F. A. Cahyo et al.
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Book Review - Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea (Volume 1), Edited by D. Telnov, Ph.D. H. Darman
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Call for paper BS #27 Sumatera to be published in August 2013

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About FOSI
he forum was founded in 1995 as the Indonesian Sedimentologists Forum (FOSI). This organization is a commu-nication and discussion forum for geologists, especially for those dealing with sedimentology and sedimentary geology in Indonesia. The forum was accepted as the sedimentological commission of the Indonesian Association of Geologists (IAGI) in 1996. About 300 members were registered in 1999, including industrial and academic fellows, as well as students.
FOSI has close international relations with the Society of Sedimentary Geology (SEPM) and the International Association of Sedimentologists (IAS). Fellowship is open to those holding a recognized degree in geology or a cognate subject and non-graduates who have at least two years relevant experience. FOSI has organized 2 international conferences in 1999 and 2001, attended by more than 150 inter-national participants. Most of FOSI administrative work will be handled by the editorial
team. IAGI office in Jakarta will help if necessary.
The official website of FOSI is: http://www.iagi.or.id/fosi/
FOSI Membership
Any person who has a background in geoscience and/or is engaged in the practising or teaching of geoscience or its related business may apply for general membership. As the organization has just been restarted, we use LinkedIn (www.linkedin.com) as the main data base platform. We realize that it is not the ideal solution, and we may look for other alternative in the near future. Having said that, for the current situation, LinkedIn is fit for purpose. International members and students are welcome to join the organization.
FOSI Group Member as of MAY 2013
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Cenozoic Stratigraphy of the East Java Forearc

A.M. Surya Nugraha and Robert Hall SE Asia Research Group, Department of Earth Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK Corresponding Author: amsuryanugraha@gmail.com
INTRODUCTION
The study area is located in the offshore SE Java and is situated at the southeast edge of the Eurasian plate, known as Sundaland (Figure. 1 and Figure 2). Sundaland is the continental core of SE Asia and was constructed by amalgamation of continental blocks during the Mesozoic (Hamilton, 1979; Metcalfe, 1996; Hall & Morley, 2004).The East Java Forearc is a relatively unexplored area and the basement has long been considered to be Cretaceous arc and ophiolitic-accretionary complexes (Hamilton, 1979; Wakita, 2000). But now there is increasing evidence for continental crust beneath the East Java Sea (Manur & Barraclough, 1994; Emmett et al., 2009; Granath et al., 2011), and the southern part of East Java (Smyth, 2005; Smyth et al., 2007, 2008). This article presents the findings of an MSc study (Nugraha, 2010) and a geological history presented in an IPA paper (Nugraha & Hall, 2012). New seismic lines south of Java have imaged a deep stratified sequence which is restricted to East Java and is absent beneath the West Java forearc. Main datasets were provided by TGS, comprising three long-offset 2D-seismic datasets (SJR-9, SJR-10, and SJI-10). These data consist of thirty-seven 2D marine seismic lines across the Java forearc with a total of 8266 km survey length. Previously published seismic data (Kopp et al., 2006) were limited to shallow imaging 4-streamer seismic sections.
Figure 1. Location of the study area (red box). All three TGS seismic datasets image down to 9 seconds two-way-time (TWT) and show very deep units in the forearc basin not seen in previously published seismic data in the area (Figure 3 and Figure 4). Three well datasets were available, including: Cilacap-1, Borelis-1, and Alveolina-1. The Borelis-1 and Alveolina-1 wells were drilled by Djawa Shell N.V. (Bolliger & de Ruiter, 1975) in the early 1970s and are located in the shallow part of the offshore Central Java forearc (Figure 2). These wells encountered mid-late Cenozoic rocks and have about 2 km total depth (Figure 5). The biostratigraphic top information (Shell interpretations) from these wells form the main reference for our mid and late Tertiary agecontrolled stratigraphic interpretation.
Figure 2. Seismic grid used in this study and location of wells.
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Figure 3. Approximately N-S seismic line across the East Java Forearc (A) uninterpreted and (B) interpreted, showing main tectonic elements of the forearc and the Lower and Upper Sections.
Figure 4. Approximately E-W seismic line along the Java Forearc (A) uninterpreted and (B) interpreted, showing the contrast in structure and stratigraphy of the forearc south of West and Central Java compared to that south of East Java. The Lower Section is thick south of East Java and dies out close to a cross-arc high at the position of the Progo-Muria lineament of Smyth et al. (2005).
REGIONAL STRATIGRAPHY
Subduction and significant arc volcanism ceased beneath Java from about 90 Ma to 45 Ma (Hall et al., 2009, Hall, 2009, 2011). Subduction resumed when Australia began to move northwards in the Middle Eocene (Hall, 2009). The oldest Cenozoic sediments reported onshore East Java are Middle Eocene (Lelono, 2000, Smyth et al., 2008) and were deposited unconformably on basement rocks. The Early Cenozoic sandstones above the oldest sediments increase in volcanic material up-section recording initiation of the Southern Mountain Arc (Smyth, 2005). There is an intra-Oligocene unconformity across East Java and the East Java
Sea that was mainly caused by sea level change (Matthews & Bransden, 1995; Smyth, 2005). Explosive volcanic activity was extensive throughout the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene as indicated by thick sequences of volcanic and epiclastic rocks (Smyth, 2005; Smyth et al., 2008). The oldest dated sediments exposed in the Southern Mountains Arc are Oligocene reworked bioclastic tuffaceous mudstones (Smyth et al., 2008). Upper Oligocene volcaniclastic rocks have been reported in the Shell Alveolina-1 well, offshore Central Java. In the Borelis-1 well, the oldest dated rocks are Early Miocene. These two wells terminated in undated basalt (Bolliger & de Ruiter, 1975) confirming the presence of Southern Mountain Arc volcanism in offshore South Java.
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Figure 5. Parts of seismic lines that intersect wells Alveolina-1 and Borelis-1 showing seismic units identified in this study and ages of horizons from Bolliger & de Ruiter (1975). The Early Cenozoic arc volcanism was terminated by the short-lived Early Miocene Semilir supereruption event (Smyth 2005, Smyth et al., 2008, 2011). The whole southeast region of Sundaland was uplifted during this period (Sribudiyani et al., 2005). To the north, a sequence boundary is placed at the top of the Prupuh Limestone because basin inversion is interpreted to have been initiated on a regional scale near to the end of its deposition in the Middle Miocene (Matthews & Bransden, 1995). During the Middle Miocene to Late Miocene, volcanic activity was much reduced. Older volcanic material was reworked and carbonate platforms were developed extensively during this period (Bolliger & de Ruiter, 1975; Smyth, 2005). The carbonates range in age from late Early Miocene to Middle Miocene (Lokier, 2000; Smyth, 2005). Several tuff beds are observed in turbidite sequences in the Southern Mountains and range in age from 12 to 10 Ma (Smyth, 2005). This represents the resumption of volcanic activity at the position of the present Sunda Arc (Smyth et al., 2005). Lunt et al. (2009) suggested that an unconformity recorded a Late Miocene tectonic event which created a new series of basins that were filled by erosion of structural highs in Central Java. There are no Pliocene or Quaternary deposits in the Southern Mountains zone due to uplift and erosion.
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The Shell exploration wells record a major tectonic event in the Late Pliocene which caused uplift of Java and the deposition of widespread Pliocene and Quaternary sediments in the offshore area (Bolliger & de Ruiter, 1975).
STRATIGRAPHIC UNITS
We identify six seismic stratigraphy units, labelled A to F, on the basis of their age, seismic character and deformation style in combination with onshore published studies (Figure 6). We describe these units from the shallowest to deepest, i.e. from F to A. The ages of Units D to A are reasonably constrained by the exploration wells drilled south of Central Java. The ages of Units E and F are unknown. We consider two possible interpretations for the lower section. Unit E shows a half graben character in places suggesting that rifting and extension may be plausibly correlated with Southern Mountains volcanics and volcaniclastic deposits on land in East Java (Smyth et al., 2005, 2008). Unit F could represent a deeper part of this arc sequence. To the north of the Southern Mountains lies the thick sequence of the Kendeng Basin. Thus one possibility is that the thick sequence of Units E and F is equivalent to the Middle Eocene to Oligocene deposits of the Kendeng Basin. An alternative is that Unit F is a pre-Eocene sequence that was rifted when arc activity resumed in the Middle Eocene.
with discontinuous lower amplitude reflectors. The upper part is characterized by chaotic, discontinuous weak amplitude reflectors which are brighter and relatively parallel near the forearc basin edges. This unit is cut by a series of planar extensional faults with small displacements forming graben and half graben structures. The faults are more intense in E-W sections along the forearc basin than in N-S sections. A few faults have been reactivated close to the subduction complex and structural highs to the north. There are also a few internal thrust faults within this unit which record later deformation. In places this unit seems to be truncated by younger units. Unit F is best imaged beneath the forearc basin where the Neogene cover is thin and the structure is relatively simple, and cannot be mapped at depths below about 6 sec TWT beneath the forearc flank closer to the Southern Mountains. Although it not seen Unit F could thicken towards the arc, where its internal character would be expected to become more complex and seismically opaque closer, since it would be dominated by volcanic rocks rather than the volcaniclastics and carbonates deposited farther from the active arc. This unit would then form a load-induced depocentre south of the arc comparable to the Kendeng Basin succession and would thicken towards the arc, although the distribution and thickness of the sequence would influenced by several other factors such as the character of the underlying crust, the width of the forearc and the dip of the subducting slab. The Kendeng Basin formed during the Middle Eocene through to Early Miocene (de Genevraye & Samuel, 1972; Untung & Sato, 1978; Smyth et al., 2005, 2008) and consists of terrestrial and shallow marine rocks in a thick succession that thickens toward the Southern Mountains volcanic arc.
Pre-Neogene: Unit F
Unit F is the deepest seismic unit recognizable and it is observed only in the deepest part of the forearc basin (Figure 7). It shows a relatively uniform ~3 s TWT thickness. The lower part shows moderate to weak reflectors, while the middle part is characterized by bright and parallel reflectors
Figure 6. Proposed relations between seismic units of offshore East Java (Alveolina area) and the stratigraphy of the Southern Mountains Zone on land in East Java (from Smyth et al. 2005, 2008).
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Figure 7. Approximately N-S seismic line across the East Java Forearc (A) uninterpreted and (B) interpreted showing seismic units and principal structural features. The deeper reflectors of Unit F are mappable mainly below the forearc basin. Note the continuity and broadly constant thickness of seismic reflectors in Unit F which is cut mainly by extensional faults, except close to the accretionary zone where there are some thrust faults. Untung & Sato (1978) suggested that the deeper parts of the basin contain ~6 km of section. Waltham et al. (2008) used gravity data to suggest an approximate thickness of up to 10 km and proposed that the Kendeng Basin formed by volcanic arc loading of a broken plate, with a contribution from crustal extension and/or deep crustal loading. In this interpretation the half graben of Unit E would represent extension at a relatively late stage in the development of the Southern Mountains arc. An alternative is that Unit F is older than Middle Eocene. Deighton et al. (2011) suggested that this unit could be Mesozoic based on its position and similarity of seismic character with Mesozoic and/or Palaeozoic sections from the Australian NW Shelf. If the rifting that affects Unit E is Middle Eocene then Unit F is older. Smyth et al. (2005, 2007, 2008) suggested that parts of East Java may be underlain by a Gondwana fragment derived from western Australia, while a thick cover sequence of (possibly?) pre-Cenozoic age, identified offshore East Java (Emmett et al., 2009; Granath et al., 2010), is suggested to have a West Australian origin. In the part of the forearc where Unit F is well imaged it has a relatively constant thickness with sub-parallel reflectors and can be traced for several hundred kilometres along the length of the forearc. Internal deformation is largely restricted to extensional faulting that predates deposition of the forearc basin sequence of Miocene and younger age. These features are consistent with a terrestrial to open marine sedimentary sequence deposited on continental crust when the East JavaWest Sulawesi fragment formed part of the Australian margin (Hall et al., 2009). This suggestion is supported by the existence of deep NW-SE lineaments discussed above. Hall (2011) suggested that some NW-SE deep structural lineaments, traced across Borneo and into Sulawesi (e.g. Satyana et al. 1999; Fraser et al. 2003; Gartrell et al. 2005; Puspita et al. 2005; Simons et al. 2007) represent basement structures inherited from Australian blocks. Deep and old structures can be traced offshore across the NW Shelf and Western Australia (e.g. Cadman et al. 1993; Goncharov 2004). We suggest that the deep NW-SE structural lineaments in the East Java Forearc have a Gondwana origin and, based on the limited evidence available, we prefer to interpret Unit F as a Mesozoic or older section above Australian continental basement.
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Pre-Neogene: Units E and D

Unit E is mainly observed in the arc-flank and is characterized by parallel discontinuous reflectors (Figure 8). Wedge geometry is observed with thickening towards faults and is interpreted to indicate sedimentary layers deposited in a syn-rift event. A series of planar extensional faulted graben and half graben are observed within this unit along faults with larger displacements than in Unit F. Several of these faults have been reactivated at the structural highs. Unit E is interpreted to have been deposited unconformably above Unit F. In places close to the slope break in the forearc flank, Unit F seems to be truncated by Unit E. Unit E is tentatively interpreted as alluvial to delta plain deposits, with higher and lower amplitudes indicating intervals of sand and shale. It is suggested that this sequence was deposited during rifting in the Middle Eocene. Contemporaneous clastic sediments in the East Java Sea Basin (Matthews & Bransden, 1995) and Java were deposited above a regional angular unconformity in a terrestrial to marine environment. In the
Southern Mountains the Middle Eocene Nanggulan Formation includes coals, conglomerates, silts and quartz-rich sands (Lelono, 2000; Smyth, 2005; Smyth et al., 2005, 2008). Unit D was deposited conformably above Unit E .In contrast with the unit below, Unit D shows generally continuous and well bedded strong reflectors with wedge geometry, but does not clearly thicken towards faults. The seismic reflectors become brighter and more continuous basinward which suggests a facies change. Unit C was probably deposited at the end of the syn-rift stage. This unit appears to be thinner and truncated by the base of Unit C near to structural highs, and is interpreted to be associated with inversion and erosion. Unit D contains Globigerina angulisuturalis and Globigerinoides trilobus fossils from wells and has been dated as Late Oligocene (N2-N3) and Middle Early Miocene (N5-N6) above basalts, volcanic agglomerates, tuffs and clays (Bolliger & de Ruiter, 1975). Contemporaneous volcanic deposits crop out in the Southern Mountains Zone and Kendeng Zone (Smyth 2005; Smyth et al., 2005, 2008).
Figure 8. Approximately N-S seismic line across the forearc flank (A) uninterpreted and (B) interpreted. Units D and E are clearly observed below the Unit C carbonate platform and build-ups.
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Middle Miocene Unit C

Unit C shows strong, parallel and fairly continuous reflectors which become variable in amplitude away from carbonate buildups. The bright reflectors are interpreted as limestone and the varying amplitude is interpreted as an alternation of shelf carbonates and mudstone. The carbonate buildups tend to be developed on top of structural or topographic highs (Figure 9). Pinnacle reefs are observed at the later stage of several carbonate buildup developments. The unconformity between Units D and C is interpreted to be of Early to Middle Miocene age. Based on well data and seismic character Unit C is interpreted to comprise Middle Miocene carbonates equivalent to the onshore Middle Miocene to Lower Pliocene Wonosari Formation (Lokier, 1999). The Borelis-1 well penetrated the lower part of this unit, dated as Late Middle Miocene based on Globorotalia siakensis, and the Alveolina-1 well records carbonate wackestone above (Bolliger & de Ruiter, 1975). Unit C is characterized by widespread carbonate development above the unconformity,
particularly on structurally high areas associated with localized contractional truncation by the unconformity. Progradational cycles are observed within the lower part of the carbonates above the unconformity showing that they were initially deposited in lowstands during a period of quiet tectonism and much reduced volcanism (Figure 10a), and are followed by cycles from progradational to retrogradational and/or aggradational upward (Figure 9). The carbonate platform is widespread in the western part of the study area and decreases to the east.
Upper Miocene Unit B

Unit B is characterized by bright, continuous, alternating reflectors, which are weaker in the middle part (Figure 11). The upper part of Unit B is observed to onlap onto the lower part of the carbonate buildup Unit C (Figure 7). Unit B shows a relatively constant 0.6-0.8 s TWT thickness suggesting deposition on the margin slope or outer platform.
Figure 9. Seismic section crossing carbonate build-up of Unit C in the forearc flank (A) uninterpreted and (B) interpreted. The internal structure of Unit C shows cycles of progradation, retrogradation and aggradation.
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Figure 10. Palaeogeographic maps for the East Java forearc based on this study for (a) Middle Miocene, (b) Late Miocene to Middle Pliocene, (c) Late Pliocene, and (d) Recent. The entire forearc has subsided significantly since the Late Miocene.
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Figure 11. Seismic section showing units at the southern boundary of the forearc basin with the outer-arc slope (A) uninterpreted and (B) interpreted. The basin is affected by the latest deformation which has folded Units A and B and which appears to be driven by uplift of the outer-arc high. Note the slump complexes in the upper part of the outer-arc slope. The lower part is interpreted as carbonate mudrock, while the upper part could be mudrock or tuff. To the east, close to Lombok Basin, Unit B thins towards the forearc basin depocentre (Figure 12) where it is interpreted to have been deposited above a paleo-high, suggested by a high positive gravity anomaly across the eastern part of the East Java forearc (Seubert & Sulistianingsih, 2008). This unit has been uplifted and eroded in the outer arc ridge and forearc flank (Fig 11). A slump or mass transport complex is observed and is interpreted to be the result of reactivation of an older structure. Unit B was deposited conformably above Unit C in a transgressive setting. Deepening at this time is associated with a diminished area of carbonate deposition characterised by isolated pinnacle reefs (Figure 10b). The Borelis-1 well penetrated clay at the top of this unit dated as Late Miocene (N18) based on the presence of Globorotalia margaritae (Bolliger & de Ruiter, 1975). Deformation characterized by uplift that folded and eroded the upper part of the sequence occurred during deposition of Unit B. This abrupt deformation is interpreted to be related to the arrival of a seamount or buoyant plateau (similar to but not the Roo Rise) at about 8 Ma. Lunt et al. (2009) noted several basins filled with reworked material caused by this deformation in Central Java.
Pliocene Unit A
Unit A shows moderate to weakly continuous reflectors interrupted by bright continuous reflectors in places (Figure 11). It is interpreted to consist of rapidly deposited pelagic/hemipelagic and volcanogenic deposits (Figure 10c). Unit A was deposited unconformably above Unit B across the whole East Java Forearc. This unit contains Globoquadrina altispira and Globorotalia tosaensis dated as Early Pliocene (N19) and Middle-Late Pliocene (N20-N21) in the wells.
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Figure 12. Seismic section showing units at the southern boundary of the forearc basin with the outer-arc slope east of Figure 9 (A) uninterpreted and (B) interpreted. The forearc basin in this area here is largely filled with Pliocene sediments of Unit A. Note that Unit B is thinner towards the forearc basin depocentre. Unit A is interpreted to comprise Pliocene volcaniclastics and deep marine clays, sometimes interbedded with calci-turbidites (Bolliger & de Ruiter, 1975). In the forearc basin, Unit A is characterized by a wedge shape, tilted landwards, with a number of local unconformities that record the episodic uplift of the outer arc ridges (Figure 11). These sequences onlap and downlap onto Unit B. Mass transport-slump complexes observed in this unit reflect submarine slope failure associated with uplift of the outer-arc high above the subduction zone. Further north canyons incise Unit A; some are infilled whereas others are active at the present-day (Fig 13). The high rates and widespread sedimentation could be related to resumption of volcanic activity in the modern Java Arc.
CONCLUSIONS
New seismic data allow the East Java forearc to be divided into six major seismic units bounded by three major unconformities. We suggest that the deepest, Unit F, may represent a pre-Cenozoic sequence deposited on continental crust, derived from Western Australia. A major regional unconformity separates this from a Middle Eocene to Lower Miocene sequence (Units E and D) equivalent to the Southern Mountains volcanic arc and Kendeng Basin deposits of East Java. Extensive shallow water carbonates (Unit C) were deposited above a LowerMiddle Miocene unconformity during a tectonically quiet period with much reduced volcanism in the northern part of the present forearc. Major changes in the forearc began in the Late Miocene.
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Figure 13. Cross section across one of the present-day submarine canyons in the outer part of the forearc flank (A) uninterpreted and (B) interpreted. The stepped profile of the canyon margin suggests that repeated cut and fill has taken place. There are several inactive canyons which has been filled and buried by later sediment. There was significant subsidence (Unit B) with drowning of the former carbonate platforms. We interpret deformation at the southern side of the forearc to be caused by arrival of a buoyant plateau at the subduction margin producing a regional unconformity that can be mapped across the whole East Java forearc. Afterwards, older rocks were buried by Late Pliocene volcanogenic deposits (Unit A) with high rates of sedimentation.
REFERENCES
Audley-Charles, M.G., 1983, Reconstruction of eastern Gondwanaland: Nature, v. 306, p. 4850. Bolliger, W., and de Ruiter, P.A.C., 1975, Geology of the South Central Java Offshore Area: Indonesian Petroleum Association, Proceedings 4th annual convention, Jakarta, 1975, v. I, p. 67-82. Cadman, S.J., Pain, L., Vuckovic, V., and le Poidevin, S.R., 1993 Canning Basin, W.A. , Bureau of Resource Sciences, Australian Petroleum Accumulations Report Volume 9. de Genevraye, P., and Samuel, L., 1972, The geology of Kendeng Zone (East Java): Indonesian Petroleum Association, Proceedings 1st annual convention, Jakarta, 1972, p. 17-30. Deighton, I., Hancock, T., Hudson, G., Tamannai, M., Conn, P., and Oh, K., 2011, Infill seismic in
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We thank TGS for providing the data, the consortium of oil companies who support the SE Asia Research Group for funding the MSc study of A.M. Surya Nugraha, and Chris Elders, Ian Deighton and Simon Suggate for advice and help.
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the southeast Java Forearc Basin: Implications for Petroleum Prospectivity: Proceedings Indonesian Petroleum Association, 35th Annual Convention, p. IPA11-G-068. Emmet, P.A., Granath, J.W., and Dinkelman, M.G., 2009, Pre-Tertiary sedimentary keels provide insights into tectonic assembly of basement terranes and present-day petroleum systems of the East Java Sea: Proceedings Indonesian Petroleum Association 33rd Annual Convention, p. IPA09-G-046 1-11. Fraser, T.H., Jackson, B.A., Barber, P.M., Baillie, P., and Myers, K., 2003, The West Sulawesi Fold Belt and other new plays within the North Makassar Straits - a Prospectivity Review, Indonesian Petroleum Association, Proceedings 29th Annual Convention, Volume 1: Jakarta, p. 431-450. Gartrell, A., Hudson, C., and Evans, B., 2005, The influence on basement faults during extension and oblique inversion of the Makassar Straits rift system: Insights from analog models: AAPG Bulletin, v. 89, p. 495-506. Goncharov, A., 2004, Basement and crustal structure of the Bonaparte and Browse basins, Australian northwest margin, in Ellis, G.K., Baillie, P., and Munson, T.J., eds., Proceedings of the Timor Sea Symposium, Volume Special Publication 1: Darwin Northern Territory, Australia, Northern Territory Geological Survey. Granath, J.W., Christ, J.M., Emmet, P.A., and Dinkelman, M.G., 2011, Pre-Cenozoic sedimentary section and structure as reflected in the JavaSPAN crustal-scale PSDM seismic survey, and its implications regarding the basement terranes in the East Java Sea in Hall, R., Cottam, M.A., and Wilson, M.E.J., eds., The SE Asian Gateway: History and Tectonics of the Australia-Asia collision, Volume 355: Geological Society of London Special Publication, p. 53-74. Hall, R., 2002, Cenozoic geological and plate tectonic evolution of SE Asia and the SW Pacific: computer-based reconstructions, model and animations: Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, v. 20, p. 353-434. Hall, R., 2009, The Eurasian SE Asian margin as a modern example of an accretionary orogen, in Cawood, P.A., and Krner, A., eds., Accretionary Orogens in Space and Time, Volume 318: Geological Society of London Special Publication, p. 351-372. Hall, R., 2011, Australia-SE Asia collision: plate tectonics and crustal flow, in Hall, R., Cottam, M.A., and Wilson, M.E.J., eds., The SE Asian Gateway: History and Tectonics of the Australia-Asia collision, Volume 355: Geological Society of London Special Publication, p. 75109. Hall, R., Clements, B., and Smyth, H.R., 2009, Sundaland: Basement character, structure and plate tectonic development: Proceedings Indonesian Petroleum Association, 33rd Annual Convention.
Hamilton, W., 1979, Tectonics of the Indonesian region, Volume 1078, U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper, p. 345. Hamilton, W., 1988, Plate tectonics and island arcs: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 100, p. 1503-1527. Kopp, H., 2011, The Java convergent margin: structure, seismogenesis and subduction processes, in Hall, R., Cottam, M.A., and Wilson, M.E.J., eds., The SE Asian Gateway: History and Tectonics of the Australia-Asia collision, Volume 355: Geological Society of London Special Publication, p. 111-137. Kopp, H., Flueh, E.R., Petersen, C.J., Weinrebe, W., Wittwer, A., and Scientists, M., 2006, The Java margin revisited: Evidence for subduction erosion off Java: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 242, p. 130-142. Lelono, E.B., 2000, Palynological study of the Eocene Nanggulan Formation, Central Java, Indonesia [Ph.D. thesis], University of London. Lokier, S.W., 2000, The development of the Miocene Wonosari Formation, south Central Java: Indonesian Petroleum Association, Proceedings 27th Annual Convention, Jakarta, 2000, v. 1, p. 217-222. Lunt, P., Burgon, G., and Baky, A., 2009, The Pemali Formation of Central Java and equivalents: Indicators of sedimentation on an active plate margin: Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, v. 34 p. 100-113. Macpherson, C.G., and Hall, R., 1999, Tectonic controls of Geochemical Evolution in Arc Magmatism of SE Asia, Proceedings 4th PACRIM Congress 1999: Bali, Indonesia, Australian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, p. 359-368. Macpherson, C.G., and Hall, R., 2002, Timing and tectonic controls on magmatism and ore generation in an evolving orogen: evidence from Southeast Asia and the western Pacific, in Blundell, D.J., Neubauer, F., and von Quadt, A., eds., The timing and location of major ore deposits in an evolving orogen, Volume 204: Geological Society of London Special Publication, Geological Society of London Special Publication, p. 49-67. Manur, H., and Barraclough, R., 1994, Structural control on hydrocarbon habitat in the Bawean area, East Java Sea: Indonesian Petroleum Association, Proceedings 23rd annual convention, Jakarta, 1994, v. 1, p. 129-144. Masson, D.G., Parson, L.M., Milsom, J., Nichols, G.J., Sikumbang, N., Dwiwanto, B., and Kallagher, H., 1990, Subduction of seamounts at the Java Trench; a view with long range sidescan sonar: Tectonophysics, v. 185, p. 51-65. Matthews, S.J., and Bransden, P.J.E., 1995, Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic tectono-stratigraphic development of the East Java Sea Basin, Indonesia: Marine and Petroleum Geology, v. 12, p. 499-510. Nugraha, A.M.S., 2011, Tectono-stratigraphic Evolution of the East Java Forearc, Indonesia:
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MSc Thesis. London, Royal Holloway University of London. Nugraha, A.M.S., and Hall, R., 2012, Cenozoic History of the East Java Forearc: Indonesian Petroleum Association, Proceedings 36th Annual Convention. Puspita, S.D., Hall, R., and Elders, C.F., 2005, Structural styles of the Offshore West Sulawesi Fold Belt, North Makassar Straits, Indonesia: Indonesian Petroleum Association, Proceedings 30th Annual Convention, p. 519-542. Satyana, A.H., Nugroho, D., and Surantoko, I., 1999, Tectonic controls on the hydrocarbon habitats of the Barito, Kutei, and Tarakan Basins, eastern Kalimantan, Indonesia: major dissimilarities in adjoining basins: Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, v. 17, p. 99-122. Seubert, B.W., and Sulistianingsih, F., 2008, A proposed new model for the tectonic evolution of South Java, Indonesia, Proceedings Indonesian Petroleum Association 32nd Annual Convention. Shulgin, A., Kopp, H., Mueller, C., Lueschen, E., Planert, L., Engels, M., Flueh, E.R., Krabbenhoeft, A., and Djajadihardja, Y., 2009, Sunda-Banda arc transition: Incipient continent-island arc collision (northwest Australia): Geophysical Research Letters, v. 36, p. L10304, doi:10.1029/2009GL037533. Shulgin, A., Kopp, H., Mueller, C., Planert, L., Lueschen, E., Flueh, E.R., and Djajadihardja, Y., 2011, Structural architecture of oceanic plateau subduction offshore Eastern Java and the potential implications for geohazards: Geophysical Journal International, v. 184, p. 12-28. Simons, W.J.F., Socquet, A., Vigny, C., Ambrosius, B.A.C., Abu, S.H., Promthong, C., Subarya, C., Sarsito, D.A., Matheussen, S., and Morgan, P., 2007, A decade of GPS in Southeast Asia: Resolving Sundaland motion and boundaries: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 112, p. B06420. Smyth, H., Hall, R., Hamilton, J., and Kinny, P., 2005, East Java: Cenozoic basins, volcanoes and ancient basement: Indonesian Petroleum Association, Proceedings 30th Annual Convention, p. 251-266.
Smyth, H.R., 2005, Eocene to Miocene basin history and volcanic history in East Java, Indonesia [Ph.D. thesis], University of London. Smyth, H.R., Hall, R., and Nichols, G.J., 2008, Cenozoic volcanic arc history of East Java, Indonesia: the stratigraphic record of eruptions on an active continental margin, in Draut, A.E., Clift, P.D., and Scholl, D.W., eds., Formation and Applications of the Sedimentary Record in Arc Collision Zones, Volume 436: Geological Society of America Special Paper, p. 199-222. Smyth, H.R., Hamilton, P.J., Hall, R., and Kinny, P.D., 2007, The deep crust beneath island arcs: inherited zircons reveal a Gondwana continental fragment beneath East Java, Indonesia: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 258, p. 269282. Sribudiyani, Muchsin, N., Ryacudu, R., Kunto, T., Astono, P., Prasetya, I., Sapiie, B., Asikin, S., Harsolumakso, A.H., and Yulianto, I., 2003, The collision of the East Java Microplate and its implication for hydrocarbon occurrences in the East Java Basin, Indonesian Petroleum Association, Proceedings 29th Annual Convention: Jakarta, p. 335-346. Untung, M., and Sato, Y., 1978, Gravity and geological studies in Java, Indonesia: Geological Survey of Indonesia and Geological Survey of Japan, Special Publication, v. 6, p. 207pp. van der Werff, W., 1996, Variation in the forearc basin development along the Sunda Arc, Indonesia: Journal of Southeast Asian Earth Sciences, v. 14, p. 331-349. van der Werff, W., Prasetyo, H., Kusnida, D., and van Weering, T.C.E., 1994, Seismic stratigraphy and Cenozoic evolution of the Lombok forarc basin, Eastern Sunda Arc: Marine Geology, v. 117, p. 119-134. Wagner, D., Koulakov, I., Rabbel, W., Luehr, B.G., Wittwer, A., Kopp, H., Bohm, M., and Asch, G., 2007, Joint inversion of active and passive seismic data in Central Java: Geophysical Journal International, v. 170, p. 923-932. Wakita, K., 2000, Cretaceous accretionary-collision complexes in central Indonesia: Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, v. 18, p. 739-749.
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A Brief History of GeoPangea Research Group

Agung Budiman, Iqbal Fardiansyah and Leon Taufani GeoPangea Research Group (GPRG) Indonesia Corresponding Author: ogepz_tama@yahoo.co.id
INTRODUCTION
GeoPangea Research Group (GPRG) is an independent research group founded on May 31st, 2010, led by ideas from young and passionate geology students of UPN Veteran Yogyakarta. The group is supervised by Dr. C. Prasetyadi, a faculty member of the Geology Department, as well as a mentor to all research-related activities conducted by GPRG. This group aims to contribute to scientific knowledge in numerous aspects of geosciences (i.e. regional geology, sedimentology and stratigraphy, structural geology, tectonics, etc.) by performing research and demonstrating their application in hydrocarbon exploration. The results of our research are documented as published papers and articles in various journals and scientific conferences of both regional and international levels.
GPRG RESEARCH FOCUS

The focus area of GPRG is primarily on field and experimental-based research (Figures 1 and 2). To date, there are more than twenty professional papers and articles that have been published by GPRG, with the first research conducted in late 2010, entitled: Sedimentology of Parangtritis Coastal Dunes and Stream Table Analogue for Fluvial-Deltaic Morphology (Figure 2a). Since then, this group keeps consistently developing experimental sed-strat analyses and structural analogue modeling within the loop of research projects (Figures 2b and 2c). GPRG currently employs eight professional researchers and six undergraduate students of UPN Veteran Yogyakarta. Research projects are internally funded by the members monthly dues and supported by the laboratory facilities of the Geology Department, UPN Veteran Yogyakarta. Any questions/interests related to our research group can be addressed to us via the website : www.gprgindonesia.wordpress.com.
Figure 1. Some photos of GPRGs field work activities. (a) and (b) outcrop observations ; (c) and (d) example of modern sedimentological study of lagoonal deposits.
Figure 2. Experimental-based research of GPRG, which is facilitated by laboratories of the Geology Department, UPN Veteran Yogyakarta. (a) Stream table analogue for fluvio- deltaic morphology (2010) ; (b) Flume tank modeling to reconstruct chronostratigraphy within growthfaulted delta system (2011) ; and (c) Sandbox analogue for structural kinematics and geometry identification (2012).
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Three-Dimensional Facies Modeling of Deepwater Fan Sandbodies: Outcrop Analog Study from the Miocene Kerek Formation, Western Kendeng Zone (North East Java Basin)
Ferry Andika Cahyo1,2, Octavika Malda2, Iqbal Fardiansyah2 and Carolus Prasetyadi1 1 Department of Geology UPN Veteran Yogyakarta 2 GeoPangea Research Group (GPRG) Corresponding Author: ferryandika@gprgindonesia.com, iqbalfardiansyah@gprgindonesia.com
ABSTRACT
Kendeng Zone is well known as the main depocenter in the North East Java Basin. It developed as a back arc basin related to Oligo-Miocene volcanic arc and was subsequently filled with thick pelagic and volcanogenic sediments. This article emphasizes on determination of facies, geometry and distribution of sand bodies within the Miocene Kerek Formation that comprises the western Kendeng Zone. Sedimentological logs and rock samples were collected from outcrop data along river traverses in the study area. The samples were described and characterized by using petrography, paleontology and sedimentology analyses. Three depositional facies were identified, which consist of massive sandstone of submarine lower fan, a lobe of submarine lower fan and pelagic mud deposits. Statistical analysis was also used to characterize and describe identified depositional facies within the Kerek Formation. Statistically, the geometry consists of (1) pebbly massive sandstones of submarine lower fan (mean distribution of sands bodies: 4.58 km, mean thickness: 0.6 m, length from 3D modeling: 1.58 km); (2) sandstone sheets of submarine lower fan (mean distribution of sands bodies: 2.85 km, mean thickness: 0.08 m, length from 3D fence diagram: 1.26 km); (3) pelagic mud, which is composed solely of thick mudstone lithofacies. In term of reservoir potential, the massive sandstones that have significant amount of porosity would be considered as having the highest potential.
INTRODUCTION
The study area is located in Kedungjati region, Purwodadi, Central Java (Figure 1). Stratigraphically, the area is comprised of four lithologic units (formations) that include (in younger order) Calcareous-sandstone of Kerek Formation, Tuffaceous-sandstone of Banyak Member (Kalibeng Formation), Calcareousclaystone of Kalibeng Formation and Limestone of Kapung Member (Kalibeng Formation) (Figure 2). North East Java basin, particularly the Kendeng Zone, is located between volcanic arcs at present.
The Kendeng Zone was the main depocenter for Eocene-Miocene sediments that are composed of thick turbidite and pelagic sequences (De Genevraye and Samuel, 1972; Smyth et al, 2003 & 2005). The turbidites are recorded in the Miocene age Kerek Formation. The objectives of this article are to unravel the depositional model, then subsequently construct an understanding of relation between turbidite and reservoir sand bodies based on geometry and distribution pattern of the Kerek Formation. This article emphasizes on outcrop-based study in order to get a comprehensive understanding about deepwater play characteristics in an active margin setting.
Figure 1. Digital elevation model (Shuttle Radar Transect Mission) overlain by schematic zonation of East Java. The study area is bounded by black square (modified from Smyth et al, 2003).
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Figure 2. Simplified geological map of the study area shows four lithostratigraphic units. The calcareous sandstone of Kerek Formation is shown in yellow colour.
Figure 3. Outcrop of Kerek Formation with representative KJ 98 sedimentological log along the Tuntang River, Kedung Jati Village.
METHODS
The study includes outcrop visits to produce sedimentological logs (Figures 3 and 4), geological map and acquire rock samples for laboratory analyses. The laboratory analyses are comprised of petrographical and paleontological analyses. Outcrop data and lab results were then used in geological modeling. The turbidite sandbodies model (Figures 5 and 6) was built by correlating the sedimentological sections (chronostratigraphic correlation), then gridding and layering vertical horizon of sandbodies without involving fault
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model. All of these steps were done by using standard 3-D geological modeling software package.
FACIES & ARCHITECTURAL MODEL

Interpretation of sedimentological logs taken from the outcrops revealed that their depositional facies are of fan complex, particularly of lower fan system. The lower fan system was formed by accumulation of individual lobe fans and pelagic deposits, which are products of high and low density turbidity current.
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Figure 4. Sedimentological log of KJ-85 that is composed sheet sandstone of fan lobe in the lower section and gradually change to massive sandstone in the upper section.
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Figure 5. Correlation section of the sedimentological logs. The section is flattened on N16 marker.
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The characteristic lithofacies comprised in each depositional facies of the lower fan system and its geometry are described below:
c. Pelagic mud
This deposit consists solely of thick mudstone lithofacies. Pelagic mud is the result of suspension process that occurs in almost all deep sea setting.
a. Pebbly massive sandstone of submarine middle fan

The massive sandstone of lower fan deposit typically consists of some lithofacies that combine together. Massive coarse sandstone with erosional base contact dominates the lower portion of the deposit. Gradually normal graded sandstone and stratified pebbly sandstone occur on several places as a remark of temporary hydraulic change of the current. Stratified medium-grained sandstone cap the upper part of the deposit. The entire package shows a fining upward stacking pattern. Such combination of features is interpreted as the result of high density turbidity current that occurs on a fan. The process began with initial high density and velocity of the current allowed for the transportation and deposition of coarse-grained materials. As the current kept distributing the materials to another part of the system, finally on the upper part of the deposit, finer-grained (stratified medium-grained sandstone) are more dominant. The results of 2D correlation and 3D modeling show that the mean thickness and sand body distribution are 0.6 m and 4585.6 m, respectively. The minimum thickness and distribution of sand bodies are 0.25 m and 1403 m, respectively. The length of the fan as inferred from a single representative lobe is 1580 m (Figure 8).
PALEOCURRENT ANALYSIS
Paleocurrent direction can be identified from a variety of erosional structures such as tool mark, grove cast and flutecast. In the study area, paleocurrent direction was analysed from flute cast structures. The flute cast structure measurements indicate that the main trend of sediment supply moving from north to south with average direction of N 144o E (NW-SE) (Figure 6).
b. Sandstone sheets of submarine lower fan

This deposit consists of several lithofacies that can be easily classified by using Bouma sequence classification (Ta-Te) [Bouma, 1962]. Intercalation of graded sandstone with erosional contact (Ta), convolute sandstone (Tc), parallel laminated siltstone (Td), and stratified mudstone (Te) occur monotonously all over the deposit. Thin bed of convoluted lamination sandstone also occurs simultaneously with another lithofacies, which provides evidence for low density turbidity current. This is due to the current become less dense and the velocity of the current become less unable to distract semiplastic sediments (Bouma, 2000). It has been widely accepted that convoluted lamination is the result of distraction of current on semiplastic sediments, therefore low density turbidity current produce thin or even no convolute structure (Shanmugam, 2005). The result of 2D correlation analysis shows that the mean thickness and distribution of sand bodies are 0.08 m and 2855.4 m, respectively, with the minimum thickness and deployment of sand bodies being 0.02 m and 1011 m, respectively. The length of the fan, as inferred from a single representative middle fan is 1264 m. Figure 6. Paleocurrent analysis as measured from grove (top) and flute cast (bottom) structures yielded NW-SE depositional trend.
DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS

The unique characteristic possessed by turbidite sediments in the Western Kendeng Zone is that they are part of fan lobe complex and encompasses mixed sand and mud with overall coarsening upward stacking pattern. Tectonically, turbidite deposits within the Kendeng Zone and its vicinity are quite different due to the active margin and volcanic arc setting. Kendeng zone as the main depocenter received a lot of sediment contribution from Southern Mountain Zone to the south and Rembang zone to the north. Therefore these turbidite sequences predominantly composed mixed of siliciclastic, volcaniclastic and even carbonate content (Smyth et al, 2005; Subroto et al, 2007). Paleocurrent analysis shows that sand supply came from the NW towards SE, most likely from Rembang High and was deposited into Kendeng low. The 3D modeling could depict the architectural element of deep water fan complex, focusing on sandy facies formation that
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has a significant implication to reservoir geometry (Figure 7). Middle fan sandstones are rarely found in the study area, as only 10 out of 130 sand bodies were identified as middle fan deposit whose thin section results showed that they are wacky sandstones. The thickness slice of 3D modeling yields the mean thickness-width ratio of massive sand bodies 1:1300 m, with porosity of around 0.03 to 0.15. Therefore, it is mostly considered to be a precisely analog of turbidite reservoir in the Western Kendeng. There are 120 existing sand bodies in the study area which are interpreted as part of the lower fan lobe. They are composed of a thin sheet sands interbedded pelagic mud with mean thickness-width ratio analyses from horizontal slice of 3D sandbodies modeling 1 : > 2000 m. However, lower fan sands have not been considered eligible to be reservoir analog due to poor rock property values (porosity ranges from 0.01 to 0.05), quite thin sand and rich in clay mineral (Figure 8).
Deep water processes in western Kendeng Zone has produced a variety of stacking turbidite sands. Two-dimensional correlation reveals fan lobes switching in this area. They have compensational stacking character which fans are vertically migrated due to high accommodation space with balanced sedimentation rate (Mutti and Davoli, 1992). Meanwhile the sheet sands are significantly retrogradely-stacked in lower Kerek Formation, which are continuously-distributed to overall area, and they represent lower fan lobe sands, although in some place only a half part of the lobes is discovered. It probably proves the lobe geometry is greater than expected during study. Beside in the upper part of the Kerek Formation, the sand lobes tend to be thinner and smaller. This study might be useful to provide turbidite reservoir analogue model for subsurface application and for future hydrocarbon exploration in the western Kendeng Zone.
KJ-13
Index Map
KJ-92
KJ-100
KJ-85 KJ-98
Paleocurrent
Figure 7. A) 3D model showing the succession of deepwater fan facies sandbodies. B) Thickness-oriented slice within sandstone sheets of lower fan lobe and C) Thickness-oriented slice of pebbly massive.
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B
Sandstone Layer
Massive Sandstone Fasies Geometry

Based on 2D Corelation Thicknes (m) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0.5 0.46 0.45 0.35 1.2 0.65 0.68 Distribution of sands bodies (m) 5800 5310 5316 3645 7310 3950 2845 Based on 3D Fance Diagram Length (m)
1580
Datum N16
8 9 10 Mean Median Modus Max Min Sand-Shale Thickness Percentage in respectively section
%
70
60
0.53 0.25 1 0.607 0.515 1.2 0.25
1403 3012 7265 4585.6 4630 7310 1403
50 40
30
20 10
0
(%) Lithology :
Calcareous Sandstone Calcareous Mudstone
KJ 9
KJ 13
KJ 98
KJ 100
Measuring Section
Figure 8. A) 3D sandbody modeling. B) Example statistics of massive sandstone facies sandbodies. C) Sand-shale percentage from several sedimentological logs.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
This study is part of the authors thesis, which was supported by Department of Geology UPNVeteranYogyakarta, PT Seleraya Energy and GeoPangea Research Group. Special acknowledgment is made for Riswa Galena and MM team as partners on the fieldwork, Leon Taufani and Agung Budiman for good discussion, UPN geology laboratories for samples analysis and FOSI to publish this article.
REFERENCES
Bouma, A. H., 1962, Sedimentology of Some Flysch Deposite, A graphic approach to fasies interpretations: Elsevier Co., Amsterdams, Netherlands. Bouma, A. H., 2000, Coarse-grained and finegrained turbidite systems as end member models: applicability and dangers: Marine and petroleum Geology , Elsevier. De Genevraye, P., and Samuel, L., 1972, Geology of the Kendeng Zone (Central & East Java): Proceeding Indonesia Petroleum Association, First Annual Convention, Jakarta, Indonesia.
Mutti, E., and Davoli, G., 1992. Turbidite sandstones: AGIP, Istituto di geologia, Universit di Parma. Shanmugam, G., 2005, Deep-Water Processes and Facies Models: Implications for sandstone petroleum reservoirs: Handbook Of Petroleum Exploration And Production 5, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences The University of Texas at Arlington Arlington, Texas, U.S.A. Smyth, H., Hall, R., Hamilton, J.P., and Kinny, P., 2003, Volcanic origin of quartz-rich sediments in East Java: Proceedings Indonesian Petroleum Association 29th Annual Convention & Exhibition, Jakarta. Smyth, H., Hall, R., Hamilton, J., and Kinny, P., 2005, East Java: Cenozoic Basins, volcanoes and ancient basement: Proceedings Indonesian Petroleum Association 30th Annual Convention, Jakarta. Subroto, E.A., Noeradi, D., Priyono, A., Wahono, H.E., Hermanto, E., Praptisih and Santoso, K., 2007, The Paleogene Basin within the Kendeng Zone, Central Java Island, and implications to hydrocarbon prospectivity: Proceedings Indonesian Petroleum Association 31st Annual Convention & Exhibition, Jakarta.
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A Case Study on Using Mundu-Paciran Nannofossil Zones (MPNZ) to subdivide Mundu and Paciran Sequences in the MDA Field, East Java Basin, Indonesia
Azhali Edwin, Kian Han and Wildanto Nusantara Husky CNOOC Madura Limited Corresponding Author: AzhaliEdwin@gmail.com, kianhan95@gmail.com and wpnusantara@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
The Husky-CNOOC Madura Limited (HCML) MDA-4 exploration well (2011) in the Madura Strait region targeted Globigerina limestones in the Mundu Sequence (3.8 Ma) and the Paciran Sequence (2.0 Ma). The MDA Field is covered by Merpati 3D Seismic (2005). Seismic features observed from the 3D volume include phase change or polarity reversal at the top of gas filled reservoirs of the MDA structure and DHI flat-spot approximating to the gas-water contact (GWC). The reservoirs are primarily planktonic foraminifera grainstones, packstones and wackestones that have been deposited as pelagic rains and were subsequently redistributed by sea floor bottom currents. Differentiating the Mundu and Paciran Sequences relies heavily on biostratigraphy and chronostratigraphy, as there are no significant lithological features that can be observed between the sequences. This article introduces a method to construct detailed well correlations of the two sequences based on MunduPaciran Nannofossil Zones (MPNZ), using high resolution biostratigraphy events. The methodology uses varying nannofossil abundances in the interval NN18 (Late Pliocene) to NN11 (Late Miocene). The best reservoir performance in the study area may occur in the MPNZ-7 and MPNZ-6, which were deposited at the late stage of the depositional cycles.
INTRODUCTION
The Madura Strait Block (Madura Strait PSC) has a long history of exploration with the first well drilled back in 1970 (MS-1-1, dry hole, Cities Service Inc.). The last exploration well drilled before the block was acquired by Husky CNOOC Madura Limited in 2008 was the MDA-3 well (1992, dry hole, MOBIL Madura Strait Inc.). The MDA-3 was an appraisal well delineating a reservoir boundary at the north of the MDA Structure.
Following a period of 19 years without exploration activity within the block, the MDA-4 exploration program was proposed and initiated during 2011 (Figure 1). The MDA-4 targeted the Globigerina limestones of the Mundu and Paciran Sequences. This well was a discovery, confirming a gas field and provided support for considering potential development options. Work continued with Project Engineering & Design (PED) preparation and approval. The final Plan of Development (POD) was approved by GOI in January 2013; two years after the well was drilled. This is possibly the fastest cycle of discovery to POD approval in the region.
Figure 1. Madura Strait PSC Block.

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The Mundu Sequence (3.8 Ma) and Paciran Sequence (2.0 Ma) (in East Java-Madura lithostratigraphy terminology they were known as Mundu and Selorejo Formations, respectively), consist primarily of planktonic foraminifera grainstones, packstones and wackstones. They are considered to have been deposited as pelagic rains and were subsequently redistributed by sea floor bottom currents. Differentiating the Mundu and Paciran Sequences relies heavily on biostratigraphy and chronostratigraphy as no significant lithological features can be observed from samples and logs between those two sequences. Detailed well correlation of MDA wells was generated based on MunduPaciran Nannofossil Zones (MPNZ), using high resolution biostratigraphy events. The methodology uses varying nannofossil abundances in the interval NN18 (Late Pliocene) to NN11 (Late Miocene).
currents that was proposed by Schiller et al (1994).
MDA FIELD
The MDA Field was discovered in 1984 by the Hudbay MDA-1 exploration well, drilled on a crest at the eastern part of the structure. This well was drilled to 4,016 feet subsea and tested 28 MMSCFD of gas. The discovery was confirmed by the MDA-2 exploration well, which was located about 250 m southwest of the MDA-1. The MDA-3 appraisal well was drilled at the northern edge of the structure; approximately 2 km northwest of the MDA-1 and MDA-2. The objective of the MDA-3 was to confirm a possible gas water contact at the northern edge of the field. The well was considered a dry hole due to poor reservoir quality. The MDA-4 appraisal well was drilled in 2011 and it successfully confirmed MDA Fields gas reserve. The well tested gas flow rates of 18.7 MMSCFD from Pliocene reservoir (Paciran Sequence) and 8.3 MMSCFD from Pleistocene turbidite reservoir of the Lidah Sequence.
REGIONAL GEOLOGY
The Madura Strait Block is located in the southern part of East Java Basin; a back-arc basin bounded to the west by Karimunjawa Arch and to the south by Java Volcanic Arc (Satyana et al., 2004; Figure 2). The basin deepens eastwards into the Lombok Basin while to the north of the basin shallows to become the Paternoster High (Satyana and Djumlati, 2003). The block is located in an offshore area between Madura Island to the north and the present-day East Sunda volcanic arc to the south. The offshore area of East Java demonstrates an excellent example of Miocene Recent structural inversion of a Paleogene extensional/transtensional basin system. The continued inversion and differential compaction during Plio Pleistocene time is a further primary control on sedimentation. Seismic data show a complex structurally controlled sequence stratigraphy (Bransden and Matthews, 1992). There are several reservoir objectives in the area, ranging from Eocene to Pliocene in age. The HCML MDA-4 well is one of many proposed exploration wells, targeting the Late Miocene Late Pliocene reservoir (Figure 3). This foraminifera-dominated reservoir was encountered in many exploration wells in the East Java Basin and also developed in several onshore East Java areas. Schiller et al (1994) suggested that there are at least two distinct types of Globigerina sand/limestone deposits in the East Java Basin, i.e.: planktonic foraminifera sands drifts deposited by bottom currents, which he considered as the dominant process; and less pervasive planktonic foraminifera turbidites deposited as submarine channel-fills and fans. The Globigerina limestone (GL limestone) in the MDA-4 well was interpreted as the result of pelagic rain deposition and subsequently redistributed by sea floor bottom currents. This process is similar to the planktonic foraminifera sand drifts deposited by bottom
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SEISMIC CHARACTERISTICS
The MDA Field is covered by 80 sq.km of marine 3D seismic, which was acquired as part of a much larger Merpati 3D survey in 2005. In 2009, the data was reprocessed through Pre-Stack Time Migration (PSTM) and Pre-Stack Depth Migration (PSDM). All seismic sections in this article are displayed on zero phase data and following SEG convention, in which positive reflection coefficient is displayed as peak and negative coefficient as trough. Two Direct Hydrocarbon Indicator (DHI) features observed on the MDA structure, a polarity reversal at the top gas-filled reservoirs and a seismic flatspot indicating the gas-water contact. These features helped reduce geological risk and increase confidence to drill.
RESERVOIR LITHOLOGY NANNOFOSSIL BIOSTRATIGRAPHY
AND
The reservoir rocks in the MDA Field consist of the Mundu and Paciran Sequences (Figure 3). The sequences and chronostratigraphic labels follow the convention and descriptions of Goodall (2007). The Mundu Sequence is bounded by the T40 and T50 sequence boundaries (7.3 and 3.8 Ma, respectively). The Paciran Sequence is bounded by the T50 and T60 sequence boundaries (3.8 and 2.0 Ma, respectively). Within both sequences, there are series of bioclastic grainstones, packstones and wackestones. These reservoirs are in age equivalent and have the same lithologies as SANTOS Maleo Field (Triyana et al, 2007).
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Oil f ield
Gas f ield
Figure 2. East Java Basin geological setting (Satyana et al., 2004).

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Figure 3. East Java Basin chronostratigraphy. The foraminifera association of both sequences indicates that the water depth is approximating to the range 100-500 m, where planktonic foraminifera were deposited as pelagic rain and then were subsequently redistributed by sea floor bottom currents. This process resulted in the grainstone, packstone, wackestone observed in the wells to show distinct, rhythmic coarseningupward cycles. A similar depositional process took place in SANTOS Oyong and Maleo Fields (Iriska et al., 2010), which are located 150 km and 70 km, respectively, to the west of the HCML MDA Field. Differentiating these Mundu and Paciran Sequences relies heavily on biostratigraphy and chronostratigraphy, as there are no significant lithological features that can be observed from samples and logs of those two sequences. The methodology used was initially invented and developed by Goodall (2007), with varying nannofossil abundance relative to sequence boundaries in the interval NN18 (Late Pliocene) to NN11 (Late Miocene) helping to define a rigid stratigraphical framework. The detailed correlations in the MDA Field were constructed using high resolution biostratigraphy events of the Late Miocene- Pleistocene MPNZ (Mundu Paciran Nannofossil Zones). This method is generated based on cutting data from four wells and also conventional cores of MDA-3 and MDA-4. The subdivisions are as follows (the youngest zone is mentioned first): MPNZ-8: Pleistocene age bounded by T60 and T65. MPNZ-7: The first downhole occurrence of Discoaster brouweri with less abundant Sphenolithus abies and any other nannofossil. This zone has reworked materials from older stratigraphy. MPNZ-6: The first downhole occurrence of common-abundant small Reticulofenestrids and insitu Sphenolithus abies is used to date this event. The absence or significantly decreased (downhole) occurrence of Gephyocapsa is also noted in this subzone.
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MPNZ-5: This event is recognized by the first downhole occurrence of (super) abundant small Reticulofenestrids. MPNZ-4: Defined by the first downhole occurrence of few-common Sphenolithus abies and/or medium Reticulofenestrids. The first downhole occurrence of few-common Dictyococcites spp also characterizes the event. MPNZ-3: This event is marked by the first downhole occurrence of abundant Sphenolithus abies. MPNZ-2: This event is characterized by the maximum abundance of Reticulofenestrids and/or Sphenolithus abies during the Early Pliocene. MPNZ-1: This event is coincident with the first downhole occurrence of in situ Discoaster quinqueramus (also used to mark the Late Miocene - Pliocene boundary) and the first downhole occurrence of Reticulofenestra rotaria. A downhole significant increase of medium Reticulofenestrids and the absence of in-situ Dictyococcites spp. are also noted at this subzone.
relationship between MDA-1 and MDA-2st wells (Figure 5). Based on the MPNZ subdivision, the top of MPNZ-7 in the MDA Field occurs within the Selorejo Formation (Figure 6). The Selorejo Formation is based on lithostratigraphy, which means the formation top does not necessarily coincide with time event. The upper reservoir interval of the MDA Field is younger than the MPNZ-7 and it lies within the lower part of MPNZ-8 (Lidah Sequence, Late Pliocene - Early Pleistocene). This interval was interpreted as part of reworked materials from older deposits. The MPNZ-7 was only encountered in the MDA-3 (northern edge of the structure) and MDA-4 (western portion of the structure), which is believed to be composed of reworked sediments from the eastern portion of the structure. This interpretation is supported by the fact that MPNZ7 deposit was not encountered in MDA-1 and MDA-2ST (Figures 4, 5 and 6). Based on internal reservoir characteristics, the MPNZ-7 deposit in MDA-3 has less porosity and permeability compared to similar reservoir in the MDA-4; and this corresponds to the increase of mud content in the MDA-3. Hence, the facies changes relative to the west of the structure during MPNZ-7 time. It is interpreted that the MDA-3 reservoir was deposited by less winnowing compared to the reservoir in the MDA-4, due to the relatively low position in the structure. Based on the above interpretation, it is suggested that the best reservoirs are the MPNZ-7 and MPNZ-6, which were deposited at relatively high position in the depositional setting.
CONCLUDING REMARKS
Inversion in Madura Strait region that took place in the Late Miocene created humps on the sea floor. The forams were deposited as pelagic rain and were re-distributed in the area by strong currents coming from the Indian Ocean through the Bali Strait. These currents created a clinoform structure around the seabed located at relatively higher position from its surrounding. The evidence of this clinoform can be seen at MPNZ-6
Figure 4. Seismic amplitude cross section showing top MPNZ 7 and MPNZ 6 with facies change between MDA-4 and MDA-3 (MPNZ 7 age) and MDA-1 and MDA-4 (MPNZ 6 age).
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Figure 5. AI cross section showing top MPNZ 7 and MPNZ 6 with facies change between MDA-4 and MDA-3 (MPNZ 7 age) and MDA-1 and MDA-4 (MPNZ 6 age).
Figure 6. Well correlation between MDA wells.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We would like to thank Budiyento Thomas and Joint Venture of Husky CNOOC Madura Limited for permission to publish this article; Jeffery Goodall, Arnie Ferster and Fernando Gaggino for reviewing this article. Discussions and comments from them have significantly improved this article.
REFERENCES
Bransden, P. J. E., and Matthews, S. J., 1992, Structural and Stratigraphic Evolution of The
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East Java Sea, Indonesia: Proceedings Indonesian Petroleum Association 1992. Goodall, J. G. S., 2007, Madura Basin Stratigraphic Study, Joint BPMigas/Santos internal study. Iriska, D. M., Sharp, N. C., and Kueh, S., 2010, The Mundu Formation: Early Production Performance of An Unconventional Limestone Reservoir, East Java Basin Indonesia: Proceedings Indonesian Petroleum Association 2010. Satyana, A. H., and Djumlati, M., 2003, OligoMiocene Carbonates of the East Java Basin,
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Indonesia: Facies Definition Leading to Recent Significant Discoveries: AAPG International Conference 2003. Satyana, A.H., Erwanto, E., and Prasetyadi, C., 2004, Rembang-Madura-Kangean-Sakala (RMKS) Fault Zone, East Java Basin: The Origin and Nature of a Geologic Border, Indonesian Association of Geologists 33rd Annual Convention, Bandung 2004.
Schiller, D. M., Seubert, B. W., Musliki, S., and Abdullah, M., 1994, The Reservoir Potential of Globigerina Sands in Indonesia: Proceedings Indonesian Petroleum Association 1994. Triyana, Y., Harris, G. I., Basden, W. A., Tadiar, E., and Sharp, N. C., 2007, The Maleo Field: An Example of The Pliocene Globigerina Bioclastic Limestone Play In The East Java Basin Indonesia: Proceedings Indonesian Petroleum Association 2007.
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Short Note : Mineral Composition of Eocene and Miocene Sandstones in Java Island
Herman Darman1, Budi Muljana2 and J. T. van Gorsel3 1 Shell International EP Netherlands 2 Geology Department, University of Padjadjaran Indonesia 3 Geoscience Research / Consultant Corresponding Author: herman.darman@shelll.com
INTRODUCTION
A number of studies discuss the mineral compositions of Cenozoic sandstones in Java Island, Some sandstones are dominated by quartz, derived from granitic and/or metamorphic basement terrains or reworked sediments; many others are dominated by lithics and plagioclase feldspars derived from andesitic volcanics. The distribution of these two end-members varies through space and time, and has not been systematically been document for all of Java. In the first comprehensive study of the geology of Java, Verbeek and Fennema (1896) suggested that most of the Neogene sandstones on Java were erosional products of volcanic rocks, and that quartz-rich sandstones were either of Eocene age or were deposited in the proximity of Eocene rocks. Rutten (1925), however, studied 110 Neogene sandstones across Java and demonstrated that many of the Miocene sandstones are also rich in quartz, particularly across the northern half Java Island and on Madura Island (Figure 1). These have common 'dusty quartz' and quartz with undulose extinction patterns (both indicative of metamorphic quartz), and were interpreted as clastic material derived from 'old rocks of Sundaland'. He also observed that grain sizes of Neogene sands generally decrease in Southern direction and that andesitic material is not common before the Late Neogene (probably meaning Late Miocene and younger). More recent work in West Java by Clements and Hall (2007) and Clements et al. (2012) largely confirmed the patterns established by Rutten (1925): (1) Sandstones of Eocene and Oligocene age across all of West Java are virtually all quartz-rich, and can be tied to 'Sundaland' Pre-Tertiary granite and-metamorphic basement sources North of Java; (2) Increase in volcanic detritus in Early Miocene and younger sandstones, particularly in South Java and the axial basins, where all sandstones of this age are typically sourced from the Late Oligocene Early Miocene "Old Andesites" volcanic arc of the Southern mountains and the Late Miocene- Recent modern arc across the axial zone of Java.
Smyth et al. (2008) provided additional detail on sandstone composition from East and Central Java. They essentially confirm the same patterns as in West Java, but found that some of the LowerMiddle Miocene sediments in the Southern Mountains are quartz-rich, but are composed of volcanic quartz (monocrystalline, clear, often bipyramidal) and are sourced from local acid volcanic rocks. The purpose of this short note is to contribute to the subject of Java sandstone provenance by summarizing quantitative analyses on sandstone compositions in the recent studies by Muljana & Watanabe (2012), Darman (1991), Siemers et al (1992) and Smyth et al (2008) and provide some additional data points as QFL (Quartz- FeldsparLithics) ternary plots.
SANDSTONE GROUPS BASED ON MINERAL COMPOSITIONS

There are two groups of sandstones based on their composition: a) Non-quartz dominated sandstones and b) Quartz dominated sandstones. Non-quartz dominated sandstones are found in West and Central Java (G & F, Figure 1). Muljana & Watanabe (2012) studied the Miocene Cinambo and Halang formation in Majalengka area, West Java. The quartz composition decreases from the lower to middle Miocene followed by increasing of rock fragment (Figures 2A and 2B). The rock fragment composition was dominated by andesite fragments. These sandstones were deposited when the magmatic and tectonic influences are particularly dominant. The upper Miocene Halang Formation is distinguished by the volcanic content. Darman (1991, Figure 2C) studied the upper Miocene Halang Formation in the north of Central Java and here the sandstones have a lower quartz content. The majority of the rock fragments are volcanics and are rich in plagioclase minerals. Similar to the Majalengka area, the Halang Formation is a turbidite deposit. Based on the Dickinson classification diagram (1985, Figure 2D) some of the Lower Miocene sandstone were derived from a recycled orogeny terrain. The upper Miocene Halang Formation sandstones in both Majalengka and Brebes came from a range of sources such as dissected to undissected arc in the south to southeast of the
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Figure 1. Modified physiography map of Java after van Bemmelen (1949), which include locations of sandstone samples with point counting analysis and the. distribution of quartz-rich ("old"; mainly in North) versus volcanics-rich ("effusive"; Southern Mountains and Bogor- Kendeng Troughs) sandstones across Java (Rutten, 1925).
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Figure 2. Quartz, Feldspar and Lithics ternary plot of sandstones from the Halang Formation. A and B are from Majalengka, West Java and C is from Central Java. D is the provenance categories of sandstone based on Dickinson (1985). area. The sandstones compositions of the Bayah Formation (A, Figure 1) and the Walat Formation (B, Figure 1) of SW Java are dominated by quartz (Figure 3). These formations were deposited during Eocene time (Siemers et al, 1992). The outcrop analysis indicated a mix of fluvial and shallow marine sandstones. In Central and East Java, Smyth et al (2008) also found a number of quartzrich sandstones. The provenance of these sandstones are interpreted as recycled orogen terrain in the north to northeast of the outcrops. In the southern part of Central Java, Smyth et al (2008) found metamorphic quartz rich sandstone (Figure 4A), deposited in a terrestrial environment during pre-Middle Eocene time, classified as Type 1, in 3 locations (C in Figure 1). These are premiddle Eocene sandstones and described as metamorphic quartz-rich sedimentary rocks, deposited in terrestrial environment In the Southern mountains Miocene volcanic quartz-rich sandstones were found in outcrops. Smyth et al (2008) classified these sandstones as Type 2 (Figure 4B), which are located in close proximity to the acid volcanic centers of the Eocene to Lower Miocene Southern mountain arc (Location D, Figure 1). The presence of lignite, channel structures and abundant rootlets, and the lack of marine fauna indicate a terrestrial depositional setting (Smyth et al, 2008).
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Figure 3. Quartz dominated sandstones of Bayah and Walat Formation, Southwest Java (Siemers et al, 1992).
Figure 4. Quartz dominated sandstones in Eastern Java based on Smyth et al, 2008. A) Type 1, B) Type 2 and C) Type 3 sandstones.
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Mixed provenances of the Middle Eocene to Miocene sandstone (E, in Figure 1) are common in the eastern part of Java. Smyth et al (2008) call these sandstones as Type 3 (Figure 4C). In the Southern mountain area these Type 3 sandstones are Middle Eocene in age, and part of the Nanggulan Formation. Smyth also found quartzrich sandstone in a small outcrop in the Kendeng Basin, north of Central Java. Although it was found in Miocene Lutut Beds, it has been deposited on the southern margin of the basin and have subsequently been deformed and moved northwards to their present-day position by thrusting (Smyth et al, 2008). Additional Type 3 sandstones are found in Northeast Java, in the Middle Miocene Ngrayong Formation. These 3 groups of sandstones described by Smyth et al (2008), mainly fall in the "Recycled Orogen" category in the QFL diagram of the Dickinson (1985) classification. Some of the Type 3 sandstones plot in the "Craton Interior" category of provenance. However, the quartz-rich Type 2 sands are clearly of volcanic origin, demonstrating to not rely exclusively on these ternary plots for sandstone provenance interpretation (a point already stressed by Smyth et al. 2003, 2008).
REFERENCES
Clements, B., and Hall, R., 2007, Cretaceous to Late Miocene stratigraphic and tectonic evolution of West Java: Proc. 31st Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. IPA07-G-037, 87-104. Clements, B., Sevastjanova ,I., Hall, R., Belousova, E.A., Griffin, W.L., and N. Pearson, N., 2012, Detrital zircon U-Pb age and Hf-isotope perspective on sediment provenance and tectonic models in SE Asia. In: E.T. Rasbury et al. (eds.) Mineralogical and geochemical approaches to provenance: Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 487, 37-61. Darman, H., 1991, Geologi dan Stratigrafi Serta Studi Mineralogi Formasi Halang, Daerah Bantarkawung dan Sekitarnya, Kabupaten Brebes, - Jawa Tengah, BSc Thesis. Dickinson, W. R., 1985, Interpreting Provenance Relations from Detrital Modes of Sandstones, G. G. Zuffa (ed.) Provenance of Arenites NATO ASI Series, C 148: D. Reidel Publishing Company, Dordrecht, 333363. Muljana, B., and Watanabe, K., 2012, Modal and Sandstone Composition of the Representative Turbidite, from the Majalengka Sub-Basin, West Java: Indonesia Journal of Geography and Geology Vol. 4, No. 1, 3-17. Rutten, L., 1925, On the Origin of the Material of the Neogene Rocks in Java: Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen te Amsterdam, Proceedings Vol. XXIX, 1, 15-33. Siemers, C. T., Kleinhans, L. C., and Young, R., 1992, SW Java Field Trip / Core Workshop: Indonesian Petroleum Association Post Convention Field Trip guide book. Smyth, H., Hall, R., Hamilton, J., and Kinny, P., 2003, Volcanic origin of quartz-rich sediments in East Java: Proc. 29th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 1, p. 541-559. Smyth, H., Hall, R., and Nichols, G. J., 2008, Significant Volcanic Contribution to Some Quartz-Rich Sandstone, East Java: Journal of Sedimentary Research, v. 78, 335356.Van Bemmelen, R. W., 1949. The Geology of Indonesia, Vol. 1A, Martinus Nijhof, The Hague Verbeek, R.D.M., and Fennema, R., 1896, Geologische beschrijving van Java en Madoera: J.G. Stemler, Amsterdam, 2 vols + Atlas, 1135 p.
CONCLUSION
Quartz rich sandstones are common in the Eocene interval across Java, in the Miocene of the northern part of Java Island. Feldspar and volcanic rock fragments are more dominant in most other Miocene sandstones. Sandstones from the Late Miocene Halang Formation in northwest Java are dominated by feldspar and rock fragments. The observation in Majalengka shows the reduction of quartz from the lower to upper Miocene interval.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The authors would like to thank those who contributed to the discussion through personal email or FOSI LinkedIn network: Ma'ruf Mukti, Fadhel Irza, Arif Rahutama and Iqbal Fardiansyah.
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C e n z i c t g p C e n o z o i c S t r a t i g r a p h y C e no o zo o i cS St tr ra a ti i gr ra a ph hy y o f t h e E a s t J a v a o f t h e E a s t J a v a of the East Java F r a r F o r e a r c Fo o re e a rc c p a g e 5 p a g e 5 page 5

The Sedimentology Commission - The Indonesian Association of Geologists (IAGI)

The Indonesian Sedimentologists Forum (FOSI)

Editorial Board Herman Darman

Advisory Board Prof. Yahdi Zaim

Fuad Ahmadin Nasution

International Reviewers Prof. Dr. Harry Doust

Wayan Heru Young

Dr. J.T. (Han) van Gorsel

Dr. T.J.A. Reijers

Peter M. Barber PhD

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From the Editor

Herman Darman Chief Editor

INSIDE THIS ISSUE

Call for paper BS #27 Sumatera to be published in August 2013

team. IAGI office in Jakarta will help if necessary.

The official website of FOSI is: http://www.iagi.or.id/fosi/

FOSI Group Member as of MAY 2013

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Cenozoic Stratigraphy of the East Java Forearc

Figure 2. Seismic grid used in this study and location of wells.

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Pre-Neogene: Units E and D

Middle Miocene Unit C

Upper Miocene Unit B

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A Brief History of GeoPangea Research Group

GPRG RESEARCH FOCUS

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FACIES & ARCHITECTURAL MODEL

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a. Pebbly massive sandstone of submarine middle fan

b. Sandstone sheets of submarine lower fan

DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS

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Massive Sandstone Fasies Geometry

0.53 0.25 1 0.607 0.515 1.2 0.25

1403 3012 7265 4585.6 4630 7310 1403

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Figure 1. Madura Strait PSC Block.

currents that was proposed by Schiller et al (1994).

RESERVOIR LITHOLOGY NANNOFOSSIL BIOSTRATIGRAPHY

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Figure 2. East Java Basin geological setting (Satyana et al., 2004).

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Figure 6. Well correlation between MDA wells.

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SANDSTONE GROUPS BASED ON MINERAL COMPOSITIONS

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International Association of Sedimentologists (IAS)