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SHORT CIRCUITS:
Primary Substation % Impedance Secondary Substation Impedance Data Copper Conductor Cable Reactance and Resistance Data Aluminum Conductor Cable Reactance and Resistance Data Square D Bus Duct Reactance and Resistance Data Rotating machine KVA and reactances for short circuit calculation These values were taken from several sources including Square D "Procedure for determining short circuit values in secondary electrical distribution systes" by Russell Ohlson. The values below can be easily revised to any values that the user desires.
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Primary Substation % Impedance If specific information is not available use the following as a guide For transformers 501 to 10000kVA 3 phase and 501 to 5000kVA 1 phase
From American Standards Association Standard C57.12.10-1958 (Included in NEMA Transformer Standard TR-1-1962) Transformer Low Voltage Transformer High Voltage, V 2400 to 22900 26400 to 34400 43800 67000 2400V and above 480V* 5.50% 6% 6.50% 7% 5.75% 6.25% 6.75%
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Secondary Substation Impedance Data: High Voltage 15kV Max, Low Voltage 600V Max If specific information is not available use the following as a guide
KVA, 3phase 112.5 150 225 300 400 500 750 Join A Free Webinar Write us at: 1000 1500 2000 2500 NEMA Std., % General Range of Imp. Mfgrs. % Imp. 2 Min. 2 Min. 2 Min. 4.5 Min. Not Listed 4.5 Min. 5.75 5.75 5.75 5.75 5.75 2.3 - 5.2 2.7 - 5.1 4.4 - 5.0 4.5 - 6.0 4.5 - 6.0 4.5 - 6.0 5.75 5.75 5.75 5.75 5.75 Suggested X/R Ratio for S.C. Calcs 5 5 5.5 6 6 6 7 8 9 12 12 Suggested % Imp. 3 Min 3.5 Min 4.5 Min 4.5 Min 4.5 Min 5 Min 5.75 5.75 5.75 5.75 5.75
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Note: NEMA industry standards allow a maximum manufacturing tolerance of +/- 7.5% of the specified transformer impedance value. However, any tolerance is usually ignored in short circuit calculations on the assumption that plus tolerance offers an extra margin of safety and minus tolerance is adequately compensated for by miscellaneous circuit impedances not specifically included in the calculations. But if desired, multiplying the specified impedance, reactance and resistance values by 0.925 will compensate for even the most adverse tolerance conditions.
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Copper Conductor Cable Reactance and Resistance Data: Typical Values - Use Exact data if Available. Line-To-Neutral mOhm per 100 feet
Three-Single Conductor Cables Conductor Size AWG or MCM In Magnetic Duct Not In Magnetic Duct One Three Conductor Cable In Magnetic Duct Not In Magnetic Duct
Reactance Resistance React Resist React Resist React Resist "X" "R" "X" "R" "X" "R" "X" "R" 14 Solid 12 Solid 10 Solid 8 8 Solid 6 6 Solid 4 4 Solid 2 1 1/0 2/0 3/0 4/0 250 300 350 400 500 600 750 1000 7.51 6.96 6.74 5.93 6.06 5.67 5.88 5.3 5.55 4.98 5.04 4.95 4.83 4.67 4.53 4.65 4.52 4.44 4.41 4.32 4.31 4.25 4.19 258 161 101 67.9 65.9 42.7 41.5 26.9 26.1 17 13.5 10.8 8.6 6.9 5.43 4.72 3.95 3.42 3.05 2.5 2.16 1.81 1.53 5.94 5.51 5.34 4.74 4.85 4.54 4.7 4.24 4.44 3.98 4.03 3.96 3.86 3.73 3.62 3.72 3.61 3.55 3.53 3.46 3.44 3.4 3.35 258 161 101 67.9 65.9 42.7 41.5 26.9 26.1 16.9 13.4 10.7 8.5 6.7 5.33 4.59 3.8 3.23 2.91 2.35 1.99 1.63 1.35 5.15 5.02 4.93 4.54 4.64 4.34 4.5 4.06 4.25 3.81 3.86 3.79 3.7 3.57 3.47 3.56 3.45 3.37 3.33 3.23 3.19 3.1 258 161 101 67.9 65.9 42.7 41.5 26.9 26.1 17 13.5 10.8 8.6 6.9 5.43 4.72 3.95 3.42 3.05 2.5 2.16 1.81 4.48 4.36 4.29 3.95 4.04 3.78 3.92 3.53 3.7 3.32 3.36 3.3 3.22 3.11 3.02 3.1 3.01 2.96 2.94 2.88 2.87 2.83 258 161 101 67.9 65.9 42.7 41.5 26.9 26.1 16.9 13.4 10.7 8.5 6.7 5.33 4.59 3.8 3.23 2.91 2.35 1.99 1.63
Copper Conductor Impedance, X/R and Component SCMVA Rating1) Calculator Configuration: Duct Type: AWG or MCM size: Length, feet: System Voltage, V: # of Parallel Runs:
Impedance, Ohm: X/R Ratio: Component SC MVA1): 1) Required when doing fault current analysis using MVA method
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Aluminum Conductor Cable Reactance and Resistance Data: Typical Values - Use Exact data if Available. Line-To-Neutral mOhm per 100 feet
Three-Single Conductor Cables Conductor Size AWG or MCM In Magnetic Duct Not In Magnetic Duct One Three Conductor Cable In Magnetic Duct Not In Magnetic Duct
Reactance Resistance React Resist React Resist React Resist "X" "R" "X" "R" "X" "R" "X" "R" 8 6 4 2 3 1 1/0 2/0 3/0 4/0 250 300 350 400 500 600 750 1000 1250 1500 1750 2000 3.94 3.99 3.77 3.67 3.57 3.71 3.50 3.41 3.33 3.26 3.28 3.20 3.15 3.11 3.01 2.99 2.88 2.76 2.71 2.65 2.60 2.57 129.11 81.24 51.07 40.51 32.12 25.47 20.19 16.02 12.70 10.07 8.68 7.27 6.27 5.53 4.51 3.84 3.18 2.54 2.15 1.89 1.71 1.57 3.43 3.47 3.28 3.19 3.11 3.20 3.05 2.97 2.90 2.83 2.85 2.80 2.76 2.73 2.68 2.69 2.64 2.59 2.58 2.55 2.52 2.50 129.11 81.24 51.07 40.51 32.12 25.47 20.19 16.02 12.70 10.07 8.54 7.13 6.12 5.36 4.29 3.58 2.88 2.19 1.78 1.51 1.32 1.18 5.14 5.21 4.92 4.79 4.66 4.85 4.57 4.46 4.35 4.25 4.28 4.20 4.14 4.09 4.02 4.04 3.96 3.88 3.88 3.83 3.78 3.75 129.11 81.24 51.07 40.51 32.12 25.47 20.19 16.02 12.70 10.07 8.68 7.27 6.27 5.53 4.51 3.84 3.18 2.54 2.15 1.89 1.71 1.57 4.11 4.17 3.93 3.83 3.73 3.88 3.66 3.56 3.48 3.40 3.42 3.36 3.31 3.27 3.21 3.23 3.17 3.10 3.10 3.06 3.02 3.00 129.11 81.24 51.07 40.51 32.12 25.47 20.19 16.02 12.70 10.07 8.54 7.13 6.12 5.36 4.29 3.58 2.88 2.19 1.78 1.51 1.32 1.18
Aluminum Conductor Impedance, X/R and Component SCMVA Rating1) Calculator Configuration: Duct Type: AWG or MCM size: Length, feet: System Voltage, V: # of Parallel Runs:
Impedance, Ohm: X/R Ratio: Component SC MVA1): 1) Required when doing fault current analysis using MVA method
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Square D Bus Duct Reactance and Resistance Data Line-To-Neutral mOhm per 100 feet
Square D Feeder Duct Duct Current Aluminum Rating, A Reactance Resistance "X" "R" 225 400 600 800 1000 1350 1600 2000 2500 3000 4000 0.243 0.243 0.468 0.516 0.094 0.26 0.147 0.212 0.184 1.93 1.93 1.52 0.99 0.87 0.64 0.514 0.436 0.31 0.568 0.243 0.595 0.618 0.12 0.3 0.315 0.212 1.466 1.215 0.847 0.571 0.603 0.415 0.282 0.184 Copper React "X" Resist "R" Square D Plug-In Duct Aluminum React "X" 6.88 6.95 3.87 2.82 2.8 Resist "R" 6.756 3.797 2.221 1.291 1.081 Copper React "X" 6.96 7.2 7.35 4.39 4.58 Resist "R" 7.544 2.464 1.718 1.425 0.914
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KVA = (HP)(kVA/HP) If both the FLA and the kVA/HP are not available, the motor kVA should be determined from the following equation: KVA = (HP)(0.746)/(EFF)(PF) Motor Short Circuit MVA Contribution Calculation Table below displays ANSI Standard impedances and interrupting duty multipliers. Code numbers are chosen according to the motor types, sizes and modeling method. Using the ANSI Code is the recommended method to determine motor impedances used for ANSI Standard short circuit calculations:
Note: X" for induction motor groups >50 HP and <50 HP are typically assumed equal to 16.7%. Using the impedance multipliers, this corresponds to an equivalent motor contribution of 3.6 to 4.8 times the full load current. X/R: The reactance to resistance ratio from the motor nameplate or manufacturer spec sheet [typical data]. X"dv: Subtransient reactance in percent on the motor HP base. Normally this is 16.7% for induction motors. Average subtransient reactances for three phase synchronous machines are: 0.09 for 2-pole turbine generators 0.2 for salient pole generators and motors 0.24 for air cooled condensers
Example: The short circuit MVA momentary contribution of the 15 MVA X"d=0.2
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synchronous motor is equal to it's own MVA base divided by it's own per unit impedance time the ANSI code multiplier from the ANSI Code table above: SC MVA = MVA/(X"dv)(ANSI CODE MULTIPLYER) = 15 MVA / ( 0.2 x 1.0) = 75 SC MVA X/R = 15
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